Abstract: A fresh gas supply device is provided for an internal combustion engine having a turbocharger. The device includes a charge-air inlet for taking in charge-air from the exhaust gas turbocharger, a compressed air inlet for taking in compressed air, an outlet connectable to the charge-air inlet via a flap element and to the compressed air inlet via a flow regulating device, and a control unit for controlling the flap element and the flow regulating device. The flow regulating device has at least one valve for opening and closing the compressed air inlet and a proportional valve connected downstream in the direction of flow for setting a pressure in the outlet.

Abstract: An engine system for a vehicle is provided, comprising an internal combustion engine including an exhaust system; a first turbine including a first wastegate and arranged along a first branch of the exhaust system, a second turbine including a second wastegate and arranged along a second branch of the exhaust system; a first exhaust gas sensor arranged along the first branch of the exhaust system downstream of the first turbine and first wastegate; a second exhaust gas sensor arranged along the second branch of the exhaust system downstream of the second turbine and the second wastegate; and a control system configured to command the first and second wastegates to a closed or open position and to indicate one of said wastegates as unresponsive to said command in response to a temperature difference between the first and second branches indicated by the first and second exhaust gas sensors.

Abstract: An economical, highly efficient, and complete system for harnessing the sun's energy, storing, and/or converting this energy into a usable energy product on a sustainable cycle. The system includes an enclosed volume chamber having a mirrored inner surface and an opening for receiving a condensed high-temperature solar energy beam and trapping thermal energy. A fluid source is injected into the chamber for converting this energy into a high pressure source which can be fed to an energy converting device. The enclosed volume chamber can include a thermal absorbing member to store thermal energy for use during sunless hours. A sustainable system including a plurality of interconnected chambers can be provided to form an additive system of thermal energy for use during the day and during sunless hours. The thermal energy can be converted to provide a clean energy source at zero carbon emission for use in numerous and diverse applications.

Abstract: A resonator system for a turbine engine can improve acoustic performance and cooling effectiveness. During engine operation, a combustor liner exhibits alternating hot and cold regions in the circumferential direction corresponding to the non-uniform temperature distribution of the combustion flame. Accordingly, high flow resonators are formed with the liner in substantial alignment with the hot regions of the fluid flow within the liner, and low flow resonators are formed with the liner in substantial alignment with cold regions of the fluid flow within the liner. As a result, appropriate amounts of cooling can be provided to the liner so that cooling air usage is optimized. Alternatively or in addition, the liner can include two or more rows of resonators, which can provide an enhanced acoustic damping response. The resonators in the first row can be aligned with or offset from the resonators in the second row.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine fuel heat shield configured to shield fuel from high temperatures of surrounding turbine components to prevent coking of the fuel is disclosed. The gas turbine engine fuel heat shield may be formed from a generally elongated member having a first collar at a first end and a second collar at a second end opposite to the first end. One or more recesses may be positioned in an outer surface of the generally elongated member between the first and second collars. A sleeve is positioned around the generally elongated member and radially outward of the recess to form one or more sealed chambers. The sleeve may be sealed to prevent fuel from entering the recess and coking. Such design, therefore, prevents the formation of carbon particles from the fuel that could clog the fuel injectors.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle assembly for a combustor in a gas turbine including: a gaseous fuel passage and a fuel nozzle at a distal end of the passage; an air tube concentric with the fuel nozzle and defining an air passage between the air tube and the fuel nozzle, wherein the air tube includes a distal section extending axially beyond the fuel injection nozzle; a first fuel-air mixing zone inside the distal section of the air tube, wherein the first fuel-air mixing zone is downstream of the fuel injection nozzle; a flame holder including a porous structure with thermal barrier coating and micro swirlers and defining a downstream end of the first fuel-air mixing zone, wherein fuel and air from the first fuel-air mixing zone pass through the porous structure of the flame holder and into a combustion zone of the combustor.

Abstract: A fuel injector arrangement for a turbine engine is disclosed. The fuel injector arrangement may have a combustion chamber, a plenum, an injector, and a premixing chamber configured to receive the injector. The premixing chamber may be at least partially disposed within the plenum and open to the combustion chamber. The premixing chamber may have at least one passageway configured to allow air from the plenum to enter and mix with fuel from the injector to form an air/fuel mixture within the premixing chamber, and a porous annular wall configured to allow air from the plenum to enter and create a lean boundary layer at the porous annular wall.

Abstract: The present application provides a fuel nozzle assembly. The fuel nozzle assembly may include an end cap assembly, a number of fuel nozzles positioned within the end cap assembly, and one or more cup seals. The cup seals may be positioned between the end cap assembly and the fuel nozzles.

Abstract: An airblast fuel injector for the combustor of a gas turbine engine has, in order from radially inner to outer, a coaxial arrangement of an inner swirler passage, an annular fuel passage, an annular mid swirler passage, and an annular outer swirler passage. The fuel passage extends to a prefilming lip, and the inner and mid swirler passages swirl air past the prefilming lip so that fuel fed from the fuel passage to the prefilming lip is entrained by the swirling air into a fuel spray stream. The outer swirler passage has a convergent portion. The radially inward wall of said convergent portion is defined by a frustoconical separator element which separates the outer swirler passage from the mid swirler passage, the separator element converging in the direction of air flow to terminate in a lip at the mouths of the mid swirler passage and the outer swirler passage.

Abstract: A thermal machine includes a hot gas channel; a shell bounding the hot gas channel; a cooling shirt surrounding the shell; and a cooling channel disposed between the shell and the cooling shirt and configured to convection cool the hot gas channel with a cooling medium, wherein the cooling shirt includes at least one local divergence in the guidance of the cooling medium so as to compensate for non-uniformities in at least one of a thermal load on the shell and a flow of the cooling medium in the cooling channel.

Abstract: A fluidically-controlled valve is provided. The fluidically-controlled valve includes a main flow channel with a main flow entrance, a flow exit and a constricted channel section located between the main flow entrance and the flow exit. The fluidically-controlled valve also includes a control flow channel including a jet forming control entrance, a first branch channel, a second branch channel, a common channel section, and a convex channel wall. The common channel section follows the control entrance, the first branch channel emerges from the common channel section and leads to the main flow entrance, the second branch channel emerges from the common channel section and leads to the constricted channel section, and the convex channel wall extends from the common channel section into the first branch channel. The fluidically-controlled valve can be used in bypasses present in turbines or in swirlers of gas turbine combustors.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigerator has a refrigeration cylinder and at least two displacers. Each displacer reciprocates in the refrigeration cylinder and moves refrigeration gas through the refrigeration cylinder. A regenerator cools the refrigeration gas, and gas control valves admit high pressure gas into the refrigeration cylinder and exhaust gas from the refrigeration cylinder. The refrigerator also has linear motors operatively connected to displacers, and the linear motors drive the displacers in reciprocating movement. A position sensor is provided to determine a parameter of the displacers during reciprocation. A controller is operatively connected to the linear motors to control the linear motors. The controller controls a parameter of the two displacers during reciprocation. The parameter can be stroke length, stroke speed, stroke phase or another parameter of the displacer for temperature control of the cryogenic refrigerator. The cryogenic refrigerator may also include a device to remove vibration.

Abstract: An auxiliary control device is adapted to an air conditioning system. The air conditioning system includes a main machine and several vents. The auxiliary control device includes a vent unit and a sub-control unit. The vent unit has valves corresponding disposed on the vents, and a driver for actuating the valve to adjust an opening size of the vent through the valve. The sub-control unit includes a sub-memory for storing a control time table, a sub-timer for generating the time information, and a sub-controller for controlling the driver to adjust the opening size according to the control time table and the time information. Accordingly, the auxiliary control device is easily adapted to an air conditioning system existing in a user place and controls opening size of the vents in accordance with the control time table previously set by the user.

Abstract: An interactive system for controlling the operation of an HVAC system is provided that comprises a thermostat for initiating the operation of the HVAC system in either a full capacity mode of operation or at least one reduced capacity mode of operation, and a controller for an outside condenser unit having a condenser fan motor and a compressor motor, the controller being capable of operating the compressor in a full capacity mode and at least one reduced capacity mode. The system also comprises a controller for an indoor blower unit having a blower fan motor, the controller being capable of operating the blower fan motor in a full capacity mode and at least one reduced capacity mode. The system further includes a communication means for transmitting information between the outside condenser unit controller and at least the indoor blower controller, where the information relates to the operation of the indoor blower and the outdoor condenser unit.

Abstract: An air conditioning system is provided. The air conditioning system allows coolant to selectively flow through a series of bypass pipes and valves connecting an outlet of a compressor and an outlet of an expansion member. The series of bypass pipes and valves allow a defrosting function to be performed without performing a reverse cycle.

Abstract: There is provided a refrigeration apparatus in which a refrigerant accumulating in non-operating outdoor units is supplied to an outdoor unit being operated in which a shortage of refrigerant occurs without starting the compressors of the non-operating outdoor units.

Abstract: Disclosed are a refrigerator and a control method thereof, wherein operation of an icemaker can be controlled according to time or function. A sleep mode to control operation of an icemaker according to time is set to prevent generation of noise due to an ice-separating operation implemented at night. In the setting of the sleep mode, a control range of the sleep mode is selected according to a desired operating function (ice-making function or ice-separating function) of the icemaker and also, a period of the sleep mode in units of days/weeks/months (or an operating term) is selected.

Abstract: A device (10) for retaining beverage cooling means (11) within a vessel (12) is disclosed. The device comprises a vessel engaging portion (14) and means (16) for engaging the beverage cooling means (11), wherein the means (16) for engaging the beverage cooling means (11) permits the beverage cooling means to move in sliding relation with respect to the vessel (14) engaging portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerator including a main body cabinet forming a storage compartment with a front opening, a door opening and closing the front opening of the storage compartment, and an ice making tray mounted to the door and making ice. The refrigerator includes a water supplying pipe which receives water from a water supplying source; a discharging pipe guide which includes a hollow part and is mounted to a through part penetrating from an outside region of the door to an upper side of the ice making tray; and a discharging pipe which includes a first end detachably connected to the water supplying pipe, and a second end disposed above the ice making tray after passing through the hollow part and detachably coupled to the door.

Abstract: A refrigerator having an operation lever for a dispenser includes first and second levers interconnected to perform respectively different functions. At least one of the first and second levers is moved relative to the other one. Accordingly, the operability and the aesthetic appearance of the refrigerator may be improved.

Abstract: Air cooled chillers having a condenser section (300) sized to match chiller capacity and auxiliary cooling requirements satisfied by use of an independent cooling coil (314) dedicated to providing auxiliary cooling. The independent cooling coil (314) is located within the current condenser (300), but utilizes available space within the existing condenser, as well as a small portion of the airflow driven by the existing condenser fan (320). Thus, the auxiliary cooling capacity is provided with a single dedicated coil design, but which otherwise uses existing equipment and space.

Abstract: Processes for isolating nanoparticles from an aqueous solution are disclosed. The processes can include, for example, providing an aqueous mixture having a plurality of nanoparticles and at least one thermal hysteresis molecule; adjusting the aqueous mixture to a temperature effective to form ice crystals within the aqueous mixture; and isolating the ice crystals from the aqueous mixture. Also disclosed are compositions and systems for isolating nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for recovery of natural gas liquids from a natural gas feed stream. The process runs at a constant pressure with no intentional reduction in pressure. An open loop mixed refrigerant is used to provide process cooling and to provide a reflux stream for the distillation column used to recover the natural gas liquids. The processes may be used to recover C3+ hydrocarbons from natural gas, or to recover C2+ hydrocarbons from natural gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a glass substrate for a magnetic disk in which the occurrence of micro-waviness on the glass substrate is prevented in a cooling step after a chemically strengthening step so that the glass substrate has a significantly smooth principal surface, and provides a method for producing a magnetic disk in which head crash, thermal asperity failures, and the like are prevented, the flying height of a magnetic head can be decreased, and high-density recording is enabled.

Abstract: A glass manufacturing device includes a main body defining a working space, a fixing device and a grit blower in communication with the working space. The fixing device includes a first fixing assembly, a second fixing assembly, and a locking assembly. The first and second fixing assemblies are rotatably connected with each other and used for clamping a glass substrate. The first fixing assembly includes a number of shielding elements spaced from each other. The locking assembly is used for locking the first and second fixing assemblies. The grit blower is disposed opposite to the first fixing assembly and used for blasting grit on the glass substrate, and thus the portions of the glass substrate which are not shielded by the shielding elements are cut off during the process of grit-blasting. Remaining portions of the glass substrate shielded by the shielding elements are the desired product.

Abstract: A glass for a display substrate composed of 50 to 70% SiO2, 10 to 25% Al2O3, 8.4 to 20% B2O3, 0 to 10% MgO, 6 to 15% CaO, 0 to 10% BaO, 0 to 10% SrO, 0 to 10% ZnO, 0 to 5% TiO2, 0 to 5% P2O5, 0.01 to 0.2% alkali metal, and from 0.01% to less than 0.4% ZrO2, as expressed in % by mass. The glass can have a ?-OH value of 0.20/mm or more and an area of 0.1 m2 or more. The glass is produced by mixing raw materials to provide the SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, MgO, CaO, BaO, SrO, ZnO, TiO2, P2O5 and alkali metal contents, electrically melting the raw materials in a melting furnace constructed of a high zirconia refractory; and refining, homogenizing and forming the glass melt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for cambering a glass sheet, said device comprising a pressing station provided with a male press and a female press which are arranged opposite each other in a complementary manner. The male press is formed from at least two distinct resilient parts, a base and at least one forming complement, which are adapted in such a way as to be fixed to each other. Said forming complement is detachable and interchangeable according to the form to be applied to the glass sheet, and comprises a fixing surface which is adapted in such a way as to be fixed to a fixing surface of the base, and a forming surface which is adapted in such a way as to be pressed against the glass sheet in order to apply the desired form thereto. The invention also relates to an industrial installation comprising one such device, and to a method for implementing said device.

Abstract: In a glassware forming machine, a mold is moved to and from a work position by a device having a supporting structure connected to an overhead frame of the machine; a gripping head for engaging the mold; a cable transmission having a cable operated by a winch and connected to the gripping head to move the gripping head to and from the supporting structure in a substantially vertical direction; and a powered articulated arm connected to the gripping head and to the supporting structure to exert substantially horizontal forces on the gripping head.

Abstract: A cut protection glove, made of a textile material having a cut resistant fibre, characterized in that the textile material has a bamboo fibre.

Abstract: A laundry system comprises a first laundry appliance, a second laundry appliance, and a vertical laundry module. The vertical laundry module can have a housing with a width less than the width of each of the first and second laundry appliances. The vertical laundry module can have a drawer that slidably opens from a face of the housing and/or a door that opens from the face of the housing. The vertical laundry module can further have a functional element that can be a laundry care function or a non-laundry care function.

Abstract: A cloth treating apparatus is disclose. The cloth treating apparatus comprises an auxiliary treating apparatus which includes a main body washing or drying clothes; a cabinet provided at one side of the main body; and a drawer slidably provided in the cabinet to form an accommodating space, having a hot air supply device provided in the accommodating space.

Abstract: A combination safe deposit box includes a first box shell and a second box shell fastened together to define a deposit space, a plurality of side guard frames and corner guard frames fastened to and covered on the abutted area between the first box shell and the second box shell, a rim frame affixed to the front side of the first box shell and a second box shell and capped on two distal ends of the connected series of the side guard frames and corner guard frames, and a door panel hinged to one side of the rim frame and adapted to close the deposit space.

Abstract: A key system including a mechanical key and a lock apparatus into which the mechanical key is insertable. The mechanical key includes a key code pattern having recessed portions and non-recessed portions. The mechanical key is operated in key manipulation directions. The lock apparatus includes tumblers, each of which is associated with one of the recessed and non-recessed portions. The lock apparatus mechanically verifies the key code pattern when the mechanical key is inserted therein based on whether the tumblers are aligned with the associated recessed and non-recessed portions. The recessed and non-recessed portions in the key code pattern are deviated from the key manipulation directions.

Abstract: The monitoring apparatus of production conditions in a piercing-rolling mill for piercing and rolling a billet B to produce a pipe S comprises an ultrasonic thickness meter which is installed on an exit side of the piercing-rolling mill and measures a thickness of the pipe S produced by the piercing-rolling mill, a thermometer which is installed on the exit side of the piercing-rolling mill and measures a surface temperature of the pipe S produced by the piercing-rolling mill, and a computing and displaying device which is connected to the ultrasonic thickness meter and the thermometer and displays a thickness distribution in a circumferential direction of the pipe S based on the thickness of the pipe S measured by the ultrasonic thickness meter, and a surface temperature distribution in a circumferential direction of the pipe S based on the surface temperature of the pipe S measured by the thermometer.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a cold rolling fluid, including: (a) a hydrocarbon base including at least 50 wt % of isoparaffins; (b) one or more frictional modifiers selected from among fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines, fatty acid esters, or polymer esters resulting from the esterification of alpha-olefin copolymers and dicarboxylic acids using alcohols; and (c) one or more phosphorous anti-wear and/or extreme pressure additives. The disclosure also relates to an emulsion containing the rolling fluid and to the use of the rolling fluid for cold-rolling steel.

Abstract: A rolling mill stand for production of rolled strip or sheet metal has working rolls which are supported on supporting rolls or on intermediate rolls and supporting rolls. The working rolls and/or intermediate rolls are arranged in the rolling mill stand so as to be displaceable axially with respect to one another. Each working and/or intermediate roll has a curved barrel contour which runs over the entire effective barrel length and can be described by a trigonometric function. The two barrel contours of adjacent rolls complete one another in a complementary way, in the unloaded state, solely in one specific relative axial position of the rolls of the pair of rolls, so that inhomogeneities in the load distribution along the contact line of two adjacent rolls are to be minimized.

Abstract: A calibration tool for fabricating disk springs. The tool includes a circular cylindrical tool body having an insertion bevel at its face end portion for receiving and centering a workpiece within an inner circumferential enveloping surface of the tool body. A tool surface at the inner circumferential enveloping surface aligns the workpiece relative to a forming tool disposed within the inner circumferential enveloping surface. The tool surface includes a first portion having an inner diameter that increases in size along the axial longitudinal direction of the tool body, and a second portion with an inner diameter that decreases in size along the axial longitudinal direction of the tool body.

Abstract: A method of drawing and ironing a resin film laminated metal sheet for forming a can body having a bottom portion, a can wall portion and a flange-forming portion by drawing the resin film laminated metal sheet obtained by laminating at least one surface of a metal sheet with an organic resin film, followed by ironing by using a punch and a plurality of dies neighboring each other. The can wall is effectively prevented from being broken by a decrease in the thickness of the can wall, and drawn and ironed cans are efficiently formed having a thickness which is decreased as designed.

Abstract: A forging die tool set defines a cavity and includes a core rod in the cavity for shaping a void in a work piece. The core rod extends in a direction in which the work piece is introduced, compressed, and ejected from the cavity. The core rod includes an upper portion and a lower portion. The upper portion has a cross sectional shape that forms a certain shape in the work piece and a radially tapered section that tapers toward the lower portion of the core rod. The lower portion also has a cross sectional shape that forms a certain shape in the work piece, and the cross sectional shape of the upper portion differs from the cross sectional shape of the lower portion, the lower portion being a more wear resistant shape characterized by larger radii and the upper portion being a finishing shape with smaller radii for shaping the final form of the forged work piece.

Abstract: A bending apparatus for bending a metal member includes at least one die, a punch disposed on an opposite side of the die through the metal member for pressurizing the metal member by relatively moving with respect to the die to perform bending, and a knock out die for supporting the metal member when the bending is performed. Friction generated on a surface of the knock out die for receiving the metal member becomes smaller continuously or gradually from a center portion toward side portions thereof in a bending ridge line direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for differentiating foods with respect to mouthfeel, a method for identifying a composition having the ability to improve the mouthfeel of a food, and a method for predicting mouthfeel attributes of a food using a novel tribology device.

Abstract: A sensor including: a sensor element; terminal metal fittings; a terminal surrounding member; and lead wires. The terminal surrounding member is divided into a front side surrounding member and a rear side surrounding member, and a rear end face of the front side surrounding member abuts a front end face of the rear side surrounding member. The sensor includes a fitting structure including a recess portion formed on one of the rear and front end faces and a protruding portion formed on the other, such that one of the front side surrounding member and the rear side surrounding member is prevented from rotating relative to the other about an axis of the sensor, and is prevented from deviating in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the sensor relative to the other.

Abstract: A gas sensor comprises a gas sensing element, a housing for the gas sensing element, and an element cover secured to an axial end of the housing and composed of an inner cover covering part of the gas sensing element and an outer cover disposed outside the inner cover. The outer cover comprise an approximately cylindrical side wall body, a bottom body integral with the side wall body, and a guide having first and second ends, the first end being secured to the side wall body and the second end being separated from the side wall body and located to provide a side opening between the second end and the side wall body. The side opening introduces a gas thereinto. A discharge opening is formed through the bottom body. The second end is recessed inward in the outer cover and is closer to the bottom body than the first end.

Abstract: A method and system for rapid determination of a hydrocarbon type composition, such as crude oils and fractions thereof, and s obtaining the information necessary to assess the yield of commercially valuable fuel and lube oil fractions in a single process, variations of the method and system use Gas Chromatography-FID/Mass Spectrometry and other features, including an auto sampler, a wall coated capillary column, a temperature programmable injector, and a data processing system for compiling and processing the experimental data. The system and method further include a computer system with application software or other processing mechanism and optionally a communication network. One variation provides a graphical user interface for the entry of data and for displaying information, such as in a graphical manner, to show the relationship of various determined outputs and results.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting a defective sandwich component, particularly in aircraft construction, the method comprising the following steps: forming at least one measuring chamber in a core arrangement of a sandwich component, said at least one measuring chamber having an outwardly open end; subjecting the at least one measuring chamber to a predetermined pressure; and detecting and evaluating the pressure forming in the at least one measuring chamber.

Abstract: The shut-off valve testing system provides for the testing of the main shut-off valve of a combustible gas supply line in such facilities as refineries, factories, or other plants utilizing such gaseous fuel. The system includes a combination hydraulic-pneumatic cylinder receiving pneumatic pressure from a suitable source, the cylinder communicating hydraulically with a hydraulic actuator for the main shut-off valve. The system provides for testing of the shut-off valve by actuating the valve through a portion of its full travel, thus confirming that the valve is free. This is accomplished by shutting off the pneumatic pressure to one side of the hydraulic-pneumatic cylinder, and opening the hydraulic line between the cylinder and the actuator. Thus, hydraulic pressure from the actuator can bleed to the cylinder, allowing the actuator to move to the extent of the limiting spring and/or pneumatic pressure to the opposite side of the cylinder.

Abstract: A compressor pressure measuring device drives a compressor to operate for measuring its pressure. A positive pressure pipeline and a negative pressure pipeline are connected to the entry end and the exit end of the compressor, respectively. The positive pressure pipeline and the negative pressure pipeline are provided with an electromagnetic valve, respectively. A control module controls the operation of the compressor and the on/off of the electromagnetic valves in the positive pressure pipeline and the negative pressure pipeline. This automatically detects positive pressure and negative pressure of the compressor.

Abstract: A method for measuring the dynamic viscosity and the density as physical quantities of an essentially non-compressible measuring medium may include introducing a non-compressible measuring medium in a vessel charged with a compressible medium, where the non-compressible measuring medium constitutes a fraction volume of a total volume of the vessel. The method further includes measuring an initial pressure of the compressible medium, modifying the total volume of the vessel by a predetermined modification volume, and measuring a modified internal pressure of the compressible medium in the vessel effected by the volume modification. Finally, the method may include causing liquid measuring medium to flow through an opening of the vessel through a capillary tube, where the modification internal pressure is measured at one measuring point and where the initial pressure of the compressible medium surrounding the liquid measuring medium is measured after discharge out of the capillary tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a column tip processing device and a column tip processing method, and its objective is to enhance the contact between a packing and a fluid as a subject to be processed whereby accomplishing a highly efficient reaction as well as an accurate processing, which has a nozzle head having a single or multiple-channeled nozzle, a suction and discharge mechanism, one or more types of column tips in which a packing is enclosed, a stage provided with a fluid housing part group including a plurality of fluid housing parts in which various solutions are or can be housed, and moving means for moving the nozzle head relatively to the fluid housing part group, and also has a controlling part which controls the suction and discharge mechanism and the moving means with regard to quantities, pressure, flow rate, the number of cycles, time or position of the suction or discharge by the nozzle based on a structural requirement relating to the structure of the one or more types of column tips to

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for obtaining a sample underwater. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a syringe pump comprising a plurality of syringes, a sampling probe coupled to the syringe pump for collecting the sample underwater and an analyzer module coupled to the syringe pump.