Abstract: A photovoltaic device is provided that includes a periodic array having a unit cell with a first electrode protrusion of a height H, characteristic width W, and period L. An absorber of nominal thickness T has a volume with a first component between the electrode element protrusions and a second component completely covering the electrode protrusions, H, W, and L for a given T allow carrier collection from the majority of points within the volume and simultaneously to enhance the photon density distribution within the absorber resulting from path length, photonic and plasmonic effects produced by the topology and morphology created by the electrode shapes and the volume distribution between the first and the second components.

Abstract: According to one aspect, the invention relates to an asymmetric MIM type absorbent nanometric structure (1, 1?) intended to receive a wide-band incident light wave the absorption of which is to be optimised within a given spectral band, comprising an absorbent dielectric layer (10) in said spectral band, of subwavelength thickness, arranged between a metal array (11) of subwavelength period and a metal reflector (12).

Abstract: An improved submicron gap thermophotovoltaic structure and method comprising an emitter substrate with a first surface for receiving heat energy and a second surface for emitting infrared radiation across an evacuated submicron gap to a juxtaposed first surface of an infrared radiation-transparent window substrate having a high refractive index. A second surface of the infrared radiation-transparent substrate opposite the first surface is affixed to a photovoltaic cell substrate by an infrared-transparent compliant adhesive layer. Relying on the high refractive index of the infrared radiation-transparent window substrate, the low refractive index of the submicron gap and Snell's law, the infrared radiation received by the first surface of the infrared radiation-transparent window substrate is focused onto a more perpendicular path to the surface of the photovoltaic cell substrate. This results in increased electrical power output and improved efficiency by the thermophotovoltaic structure.

Abstract: The electrical output efficiency of a photovoltaic thermal system can be restored from degradation due to light exposure by annealing a photovoltaic thermal cell at an elevated temperature. The elevated temperature at the photovoltaic thermal cell can be provided by redirecting the flow of a heat exchange fluid to bypass a heat exchanger unit. A boiler unit may be employed to provide additional heating of the heat exchange fluid during the anneal. Further, a variable configuration lid can be provided over a front surface of the photovoltaic thermal cell to control ventilation over the front surface. During the anneal, the position of the variable configuration lid can be set so as to trap heat above the front surface and to elevate the anneal temperature further.

Abstract: The electrical output efficiency of a photovoltaic thermal system can be restored from degradation due to light exposure by annealing a photovoltaic thermal cell at an elevated temperature. The elevated temperature at the photovoltaic thermal cell can be provided by redirecting the flow of a heat exchange fluid to bypass a heat exchanger unit. A boiler unit may be employed to provide additional heating of the heat exchange fluid during the anneal. Further, a variable configuration lid can be provided over a front surface of the photovoltaic thermal cell to control ventilation over the front surface. During the anneal, the position of the variable configuration lid can be set so as to trap heat above the front surface and to elevate the anneal temperature further.

Abstract: A module system including a frame, rack or mounting apparatus for mounting modules or panels, such as solar panels, is disclosed. The rack can maintain the modules in a module plane. The rack can be adjusted to alter the module plane. The frame can be constructed of purlins slid through a rotatable support beam.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices provide a solar cell module which may ensure a tight connection between a junction box and an external function module. The various embodiments provide a solar cell module having a junction box which may independently support an external function module and may firmly fix the external function module onto a base plate of the solar cell module. The various embodiments simplify the connecting structures between the external function box, the junction box, and the base plate of the solar cell module. The various embodiments provide a solar cell junction box which may enable a solar cell system to track the maximum power point of the solar cell modules in the solar cell system. In an embodiment, a junction box may include a printed circuit board (“PCB”).

Abstract: Provided is a weatherable backsheet for solar cell modules which comprises a cured coating film and a water-impermeable sheet, the cured coating film having improved secondary adhesion to the water-impermeable sheet. The backsheet is produced using a coating composition having a prolonged usable life, and film blocking phenomenon during the production can be avoided. The weatherable backsheet for solar cell modules comprises a water-impermeable sheet and a cured coating film layer formed on at least one surface thereof, the coating film layer comprising a cross-linked product of a coating composition which comprises a hydroxylated fluoropolymer and silicon oxide particles having an average primary-particle diameter of 0.1 to 30 ?m.

Abstract: A multi-junction III-V photovoltaic device is provided that includes at least one top cell comprised of at least one III-V compound semiconductor material; and a bottom cell in contact with a surface of the at least one top cell. The bottom cell includes a germanium-containing layer in contact with the at least one top cell, at least one intrinsic hydrogenated silicon-containing layer in contact with a surface of the germanium-containing layer, and at least one doped hydrogenated silicon-containing layer in contact with a surface of the at least one intrinsic hydrogenated silicon-containing layer. The intrinsic and doped silicon-containing layers can be amorphous, nano/micro-crystalline, poly-crystalline or single-crystalline.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solar cell comprising a laminate of a photoelectric conversion layer, a metal porous membrane and a refractive index adjusting layer. The metal porous membrane is positioned on the light-incident side, is directly in contact with the photoelectric conversion layer, and has plural openings bored though the membrane. The refractive index adjusting layer covers at least a part of the surface of the metal porous membrane and of the inner surfaces of the openings, and has a refractive index of 1.35 to 4.2 inclusive. If adopting a nano-fabricated metal membrane as an electrode, the present invention enables to provide a solar cell capable of realizing efficient photoelectric conversion by use of electric field-enhancement effect.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell apparatus and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell apparatus includes a substrate, a back electrode layer on the substrate, a light absorbing layer on the back electrode layer, a first window layer including a first oxide on the light absorbing layer, and a second window layer provided on the first window layer and including a second oxide having a composition ratio of oxygen higher than a composition ratio of oxygen contained in the first oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar cell and to a method of manufacturing thereof, the solar cell comprising: a layer of an n-doped semiconductor, a layer of a p-doped semiconductor and an intermediate band layer being disposed between the n-doped and the p-doped semiconductor layers, the intermediate band layer comprising: an amorphous semiconducting host material, a plurality of colloidal quantum dots embedded in the host material and substantially uniformly distributed therein, each quantum dot comprising a core surrounded by a shell, the shell comprising a material having a higher bandgap than that of the host material, and a plurality of metal nanoparticles embedded in the host material and located at least in a plane where a plurality of quantum dots are distributed.

Abstract: A device includes a generally planar substrate and a plurality of light absorbing elements extending outwardly from the substrate. Each of the light absorbing elements includes a doped outer shell, an inner core disposed inside the outer shell and a two-dimensional electron gas sheet extending and confined between the outer shell and the inner core, with a concentric cylinder of two-dimensional electron or hole gas produced in the junction between the outer shell and the inner core.

Abstract: A nano-scale tower structure array having increased surface area on each tower for gathering incident light is provided for use in three-dimensional solar cells. Embodiments enhance surface roughness of each tower structure to increase the surface area available for light gathering. Enhanced roughness can be provided by manipulating passivation layer etching parameters used during a formation process of the nano-scale tower structures, in order to affect surface roughness of a photoresist layer used for the etch. Manipulable etching parameters can include power, gas pressure, and etching compound chemistry.

Abstract: A photoelectric device includes a first semiconductor structure and a second semiconductor structure on a substrate, and the first semiconductor structure includes a different conductivity type from the second semiconductor structure. The photoelectric device also includes a first electrode on the first semiconductor structure and a second electrode on the second semiconductor structure, and an interlayer insulating structure adjacent to the second semiconductor structure. The interlayer insulating structure separates the first semiconductor structure from the second semiconductor structure and separates the first semiconductor structure from the second electrode.

Abstract: An electroconductive paste composition, particularly for solar cells, contains silver particles, glass particles, an organic vehicle, and at least one additive. The additive may be tantalum pentoxide or fine, electrically conductive, metal particles, such as gold and/or platinum group metals. When used to form an electrical contact on a solar cell, such a paste provides for enhanced adhesion of the contact to the cell and improved electron transmission.

Abstract: A multilayer film suitable as a backing for a photovoltaic module is provided. The film comprises, in the order listed: a) a layer of a moulding composition which comprises at least 35% by weight, based on the overall layer moulding composition, of polyamide; b) a layer of a moulding composition which comprises at least 50% by weight, based on the overall layer moulding composition, of a polymer fraction consisting of: I) 30 to 95 parts by weight of polyamide and II) 5 to 70 parts by weight of polyolefin, where a sum of I) and II) in parts by weight is 100; and c) a layer of a moulding composition which comprises at least 35% by weight, based on the overall moulding composition, of polyamide; wherein at least one of layers a), b) and c) further comprises a polyamide elastomer which is a polyetheresteramide, a polyetheramide or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A multilayered laminate film containing dispersed pigment which is suitable as a back cover for a solar module is provided. The film comprises, in the order listed: a) a layer of a moulding composition which comprises: at least 35% by weight, of polyamide; and from 1 to 65% by weight of a light-reflecting filler; b) optionally, a layer of a thermoplastic moulding composition; and c) a layer of a moulding composition which comprises at least 35% by weight, of polyamide; and from 1 to 65% by weight of a light-reflecting filler; wherein at least one of layers a) and c) further comprises from 1 to 25% by weight of the layer composition of a polyamide elastomer which is a polyetheresteramide, a polyetheramide or a combination thereof. A solar module containing the multilayered laminate film is also provided.

Abstract: A multilayered film and a photovoltaic module where the oxidation-sensitive solar cell is protected against ingress of oxygen provided. The solar cell is protected by the multilayer film as a back cover. The multilayer film comprises the following layers in direct succession: a solar cell-facing layer of a moulding composition comprising at least 70% by weight of EVOH, an adhesion promoter layer, a middle layer of a thermoplastic moulding composition, an optional adhesion promoter layer, and an outer layer comprising at least 35% by weight of polyamide.

Abstract: Textured transparent layers are formed on the incident light receiving surface of thin film solar cells to increase their efficiency by altering the incident light path and capturing a portion of the light reflected at the MLA. The textured transparent layer is an array of lenses of micrometer proportions such as hemispheres, hemi-ellipsoids, partial-spheres, partial-ellipsoids, cones, pyramids, prisms, half cylinders, or combinations thereof. A method of forming the textured transparent layer to the light incident surface of the solar cell is by forming an array of lenses from a photocurable resin and its subsequent curing. The photocurable resin can be applied by inkjet printing or can be applied by roll to roll imprinting or stamping with a mold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate comprising at least one scattering film made of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and to a process for manufacturing such a substrate. It also relates to a solar cell comprising such a substrate. The substrate according to the invention comprises a layer of spherical particles made of a material chosen from dielectric and transparent conductive oxides, the layer being coated with a TCO film and the diameters of said spherical particles belonging to at least two populations of different diameters. The invention is applicable in particular to solar cells.

Abstract: A photovoltaic package includes a substrate, a photovoltaic cell, an electric device, a cover, and an encapsulating material. The photovoltaic cell is disposed on the substrate. The electric device is disposed on the substrate and is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell. The cover covers the substrate, the photovoltaic cell, and the electric device. The cover has a first depression formed therein. The first depression receives at least a portion of the electric device. The encapsulating material is located between the substrate and the cover. The encapsulating material at least partially encapsulates the photovoltaic cell and the electric device.

Abstract: Multilayer films of polyamide and polypropylene which have good layer adhesion and are suitable for a back cover of a solar module are provided. In a first embodiment, the multilayer film contains in the order listed: a) a layer containing at least 35% by weight, of polyamide; c) a layer containing at least 35% by weight of a polypropylene; and e) a layer containing at least 35% by weight, of polyamide; wherein the layer c) further comprises a polypropylene having acid anhydride groups or a polypropylene compatible functionalized polyolefin having functional groups to adhere the layer c) to each of layers a) and e). In a second embodiment adhesion promoter layers are present between the respective polyamide and polypropylene layers.

Abstract: A multilayer film containing layers of polyamide and polyester, suitable as a back cover for a photovoltaic module is provided. The film comprises, in the order listed: a) a layer which comprises at least 35% by weight of polyamide; c) a layer which comprises at least 35% by weight, of a thermoplastic polyester; and e) a layer which comprises at least 35% by weightof polyamide; wherein the layers a) and e) further comprise 0.1 to 60% by weight, of a polyamine-polyamide graft copolymer, or the layer c) further comprises 0.1 to 30% by weight of polyamine-polyamide graft copolymer. The polyamine-polyamide graft copolymer comprises as copolymerized monomers: a polyamine having at least 4 nitrogen atoms and at least one polyamide-forming unit selected from the group consisting of a lactam, an ?-aminocarboxylic acid and an equimolar combinations of a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid. In another embodiment, adhesion promoting layers are placed between the layers.

Abstract: A concentrator array is disclosed that includes a plurality of concentrators. Each concentrator has an inlet end to collect rays from a source and an output end to direct the rays at a target. A plurality of rotators are operatively associated with the plurality of concentrators to move the plurality of concentrators so that the rays are focused on the target.

Abstract: Provided is a solar battery back sheet that is low in production costs, excellent in adhesive properties between individual constituting members thereof, and excellent in weather resistance and water-vapor-barrier performance. The back sheet has a laminated structure including at least three layers. A first layer is a weather-resistant polyester resin film or a fluororesin film; a second layer is a polyolefin layer made of a modified polyolefin resin yielded by grafting 1 to 30 parts by weight of an epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer and 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of an aromatic vinyl monomer to 100 parts by weight of polyethylene, polypropylene or an ethylene/propylene copolymer, and which has a thickness of 5 to 250 ?m; and a third layer is a polyester layer, a polyolefin layer, or an aluminum foil piece. The second layer and third layer have a total thickness of 30 ?m or more.

Abstract: Solar cells are provided. The solar cell may include a substrate, a first electrode, a light absorption layer, a second electrode. Additionally, an intrinsic layer and a buffer layer may further be disposed between the light absorption layer and the second electrode. Here, the first and second electrodes may consist of carbon nanotubes of which polarities may be controlled. Thus, a flexible solar cell of low costs and high efficiency may be realized.

Abstract: The invention provides a bio-photovoltaic device, in which a photoelectric center, exemplified by a biological photosynthetic reaction center (RC), is dispersed and mobile in a medium, such as an aqueous solution. The charges generated by the illuminated RC are transferred to electrodes via one or more mediators. In selected embodiments, the difference between the reaction rates of two types of mediator at the electrode surfaces, in conjunction with other charge transfer reaction equilibria, determines the direction of the photocurrent in the device. In an exemplified embodiment, the magnitude of the photocurrent is proportional to the incident light intensity, and the current increases nonlinearly with an increase in the RC concentration in the medium.

Abstract: There are provided an organic thin-film solar cell having high charge transport efficiency and increased photoelectric conversion efficiency, and a method for producing the organic thin-film solar cell. An organic thin-film solar cell including in series a transparent substrate 2, a cathode 3, a photoelectric conversion layer 7 having a regular phase-separated structure composed of an electron donor layer 5, and an electron acceptor layer 6, at least one of the electron acceptor layer 6 and the electron donor layer 5 having a liquid crystalline organic material containing oriented liquid crystalline molecules, an anode 9, and a substrate 10.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a gas barrier film possessing a substrate in the form of a belt and provided thereon, a gas barrier layer containing silicon oxide, possessing a coating step in which a coating solution comprising a polysilazane compound is coated on the substrate to form a coating film, and a UV radiation exposure step in which the coating film is exposed to the vacuum UV radiation emitted from the plural light sources facing the substrate while moving the substrate on which the coating film is formed relatively to the plural light sources, the plural light sources each exhibiting even illuminance along a width direction of the substrate to form a gas barrier layer, and provided is a method of manufacturing a gas barrier film by which the gas barrier film suitable for production coupled with roll-to-roll system, exhibiting excellent gas barrier performance can be prepared.

Abstract: A back pressure valve for a fuel cell stack assembly is disclosed, wherein the valve includes a solenoid disposed thereon, an energization of the solenoid causing a generation of heat in a valve flap to facilitate a melting of ice that has formed in the valve.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide apparatus and methods for vaporizing liquid precursors. In one embodiment, a bubbling system for supplying a vapor of liquid precursor is provided including a gas flow conduit having a first end and a second end, a nozzle structure connected to the second end of the gas flow conduit, and comprising one or more perforated conduits fluidly coupled with the second end of the gas flow conduit, and a plate disposed around the gas flow conduit and in a spaced relationship from the nozzle structure, wherein both the one or more perforated conduits and the plate extend radially from an axis of the gas flow conduit.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a fluid leak detection and shutdown for a fluid distribution system having a total system flow rate. The apparatus includes a solenoid shutoff valve having a normally open state and an activated closed state with a flow capacity matched to the total fluid distribution system flow rate. The apparatus also has a primary fluid flow line and a smaller capacity secondary fluid flow line. The apparatus includes a flow sensor in fluid communication with the secondary fluid flow line, wherein the flow sensor has a perceptible output and a flow rate capacity less than the solenoid shutoff flow capacity. Operationally, the flow sensor receives a portion of the solenoid shutoff valve flow capacity in priority over the primary fluid flow line, allowing the flow sensor to detect minimal flow rates and using the perceptible output to activate the solenoid shutoff valve into the closed state.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for in-situ calibration of a flow controller are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method of flowing a gas includes providing a flow controller configured to provide a first gas at a first value of a flow rate based on a calculated first relationship determined by using a standard gas; determining an actual first relationship between the flow rate and the setpoint for the first gas from a plurality of values of the flow rate of the first gas determined at a corresponding plurality of values of the setpoint of the flow controller, wherein each of the plurality of values of the flow rate is determined from flowing the first gas through the flow controller at corresponding ones of the plurality of values for the setpoint; and flowing the first gas at the first value of the flow rate based on the actual first relationship.

Abstract: A syringe pump which includes a pusher block is slidably mounted on bearings on one or more guide rails. The pusher block is advanced or retracted by a lead screw having an axis which is offset from the axis of the one or more guide rails which are supported at their respective ends by support blocks, wherein forward and/or trailing sides of the pusher block bearings are extended, and wherein the guide rail support blocks include recesses for accommodating the extended ends of the pusher block slide bearings. In another embodiment, the syringe pump includes quick connect-disconnect fixtures for loading and unloading syringes. Other mechanical, and programmable improvements are described in the specification.

Abstract: An aircraft hydraulic air bleed valve system having an air vent valve connected to an electronic controller where the opening of the air vent valve is permitted only when the aircraft is in a pre-determined flight mode where the aircraft flight mode is determined by a gyroscope connected to the controller.

Abstract: Hydraulic pulses are produced each time that a pulse valve interrupts the flow of a pressurized fluid through a conduit. The pulse valve includes an elongate housing having an inlet configured to couple to the conduit to receive the pressurized fluid, and an outlet configured to couple to one or more tools. In the housing, a valve assembly includes a poppet reciprocating between open and closed positions, and a poppet seat, in which the poppet closes to at least partially block the flow of pressurized fluid through the valve. A pilot within the poppet moves between disparate positions to modify fluid paths within the valve. When the valve is open, a relatively lower pressure is produced by a Venturi effect as the fluid flows through a throat in the poppet seat, to provide a differential pressure used to move the pilot and poppet. An optional bypass reduces the pulse amplitude.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a connector system may include at least two connectors and a collar configured to detachably align the at least two connectors for coupling to a mating collar with at least two mating connectors. The collar may also be configured to at least partially disengage from the at least two connectors to allow movement of the connectors relative to each other. The relative movement may allow the connectors to couple to mating connectors that are in different configurations (than the mating collar configurations). In some embodiments, the connectors and/or mating connectors may include complimentary male/female connectors. In some embodiments, the collar/mating collar may circumscribe their respective connectors and/or a perimeter of the other of the collar/mating collar. In some embodiments, the collar/mating collar may include interfacing features.

Abstract: There is provided a hydraulic fluid control line connector including first and second couplings configured to automatically seal shut when the members are disengaged. There is further provided a method for blocking contamination or pressure transfer of hydraulic fluid control lines by securing first and second couplings to corresponding ends of a hydraulic line and automatically sealing the couplings shut when the couplings are disengaged.

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus can be used for unplugging a component of a hydrocarbon transportation or storage unit. Embodiments can include a main body, which can have a central passage through a length of the main body; a secondary passage transverse to the central passage; and a connector end operable to connect the body to the component. Embodiments of the apparatus can also include a valve in fluid communication with the secondary passage, a pressure gauge in fluid communication with the valve, a system connector in fluid communication with the valve, operable to connect the apparatus to a dosed system, and a poker rod operable to move within the central passage of the main body.

Abstract: A control valve assembly includes a valve body which is pre-stressed in a direction by a control spring assembly. The spring preload of the control spring assembly is adjustable by an adjusting device which is completely accommodated in the valve box or a fitted housing part.

Abstract: A procedure is described for extending the period of time during which a line leg (e.g., a pipeline) made of a material with a coefficient of thermal conductivity ?R, in a fireproofing installation remains below a critical temperature and hence for increasing the T-rating value according to ASTM E814 (UL1479). A line leg is wrapped with a mesh, that includes a non-flammable material with a coefficient of thermal conductivity ?G, directly adjacent to the bulkheading of a feedthrough opening in a component on both sides for wall feedthroughs and/or above the feedthrough opening for ceiling feedthroughs, subject to the condition that the coefficient of thermal conductivity ?G is greater than the coefficient of thermal conductivity ?G. The heat removal from a line leg can be supported easily and, in particular, applied on-site such that even line legs with good thermal conductivity can achieve a high T-rating value in the fire test.

Abstract: A housing (100) for a hydraulic unit is characterized by a housing wall (101) which is closed on all sides and in which at least one inlet opening (110) and at least one fan (121), which can be operated independently of the hydraulic unit (400), are arranged.

Abstract: A device for distribution of a plastic melt, wherein the device can have a main housing body. The main housing body can have at least one inlet channel and at least one outlet channel for the plastic melt. At least one receiving opening can extend between the at least one inlet channel and at least one outlet channel. A movable distributor body can be disposed within the receiving opening. The movable distributor body can have sealing surfaces for sealing with the receiving opening. The movable distributor body can be guided by the sealing surfaces.

Abstract: An air release vent valve having a valve body with an inlet port and a venting orifice; a direct float configured with an axial passageway; and a displaceable orifice closure rod deployed in at least a portion of the axial passageway, the displaceable orifice closure rod being longitudinally displaceable therein, wherein at least of portion of the displaceable orifice closure rod extends above the direct float and at least a portion of the displaceable orifice closure rod is configured to close the venting orifice when the water level in the valve body reaches a predetermined level. Also disclosed is a suspended surge prevention element that is suspended within the valve body at an adjustable distance from the venting orifice and configured to seal the initial vent orifice in response to a velocity of the flow of air through the valve body.

Abstract: A gas vent valve has a valve body having a first end, a second end, and a sidewall having a generally constant inner diameter from the first end to a normal operating liquid level. A spacer is positioned within the valve body and has an aperture formed therethrough. A control float is positioned within the valve body and has an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the valve body and larger than the inner diameter of the spacer. A top float is positioned within the valve body, above the control float, and has an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the spacer. A side port can extend from the sidewall and be positioned below the spacer and generally adjacent the top float with the valve in the open condition.

Abstract: The flow rate control device is provided with: a fluid resistor provided on the flow channel; a pressure sensor provided in any one of an upstream side or a downstream side of the fluid resistor; a stable state judging part configured to judge, based on the measurement flow rate value or a measurement pressure value measured by the pressure sensor, whether or not a state of the fluid flowing through the flow channel is in a stable state; and an abnormality diagnosing part configured to diagnose an abnormality of the measurement flow rate value based on a variation amount of the measurement pressure value in the case where the stable state judging part judges that the state of the fluid is in a stable state.

Abstract: The flow rate control device is provided with: a fluid resistor provided on the flow channel; a pressure sensor provided in any one of an upstream side or a downstream side of the fluid resistor; a pressure calculating part configured to calculate a pressure in a side with respect to the fluid resistor where the pressure sensor is not provided; a flow rate calculating part configured to calculate a flow rate based on the measurement pressure value and a calculation pressure value calculated by the pressure calculating part; and an abnormality diagnosing part configured to diagnose an abnormality of the measurement flow rate value based on the measurement flow rate value and a calculation flow rate value.

Abstract: In order to be able to diagnose an abnormality occurring in a flow rate control valve with high reliability, and for example, if an abnormality occurs in the flow rate control valve, quickly perform appropriate maintenance or the like, a first measured flow rate diagnostic part that, on the basis of a second measured flow rate value or a measured pressure value, diagnoses an abnormality of a first measured flow rate value, and a valve diagnostic part that, when the first measured flow rate diagnostic part diagnoses that the first measured flow rate value has no abnormality, diagnoses an abnormality of the flow rate control valve are provided.

Abstract: Fluid regulator systems having reset apparatus and methods are described herein. An example reset apparatus for use with a fluid regulator system includes a first valve having an inlet to receive a loading fluid and an outlet in fluid communication with a loading chamber of a fluid regulator, and a second valve having an inlet in fluid communication with the loading chamber of the fluid regulator and an outlet in fluid communication with a vent.