Abstract: Operational stability of the nonvolatile memory in plural power supply voltage modes set up in advance corresponding to the power supply voltage level is realized. A nonvolatile memory is configured with a memory array, a charge pump, a distributor for selecting an output voltage of the charge pump, and a sequencer for controlling operation of the charge pump and the distributor. The nonvolatile memory is also provided with an analyzer which notifies the sequencer of a power supply voltage mode selectively specified among plural power supply voltage modes set up in advance corresponding to power supply voltage levels, and which detects mismatch between the power supply voltage mode notified to the sequencer and an actually supplied power supply voltage and limits the operation of the charge pump and the distributor with the use of the sequencer, based on the detection result. An operational stability of the nonvolatile memory is realized.

Abstract: Method and integrated circuit for tracking for read and inverse write back of a group of thyristor-based memory cells is described. The method includes: reading the group of memory cells to obtain read data, and writing back opposite data states for the read data to the group of memory cells. The group of memory cells includes data cells and at least one check cell for check data, where the check data indicates polarity of the read data. The integrated circuit includes a grouping of memory cells of an array of memory cells including data cells and at least one check cell, and sense amplifiers. The at least one check cell is to track inversion/non-inversion status of the data cells associated therewith, and the sense amplifiers are coupled to obtain read information from the grouping and to write back data states opposite of those of the read information.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed, such as those involving a memory device. One such memory device includes a memory array including a sub-array that includes a first number of columns of memory cells, and one or more global input/output (I/O) lines shared by the first number of columns for data transmission. The memory device also includes one or more multiplexers/demultiplexers, wherein each of the multiplexers/demultiplexers is electrically coupled to one or more, but not all, of the global I/O lines. The memory device further includes a plurality of local I/O lines, each configured to provide a data path between one of the multiplexers/demultiplexers and one or more, but less than the first number, of the columns in the sub-array. This configuration allows local I/O line repairability with fewer redundant elements, and shorter physical local I/O lines, which translate to improved speed and die size reduction.

Abstract: A memory arrangement is provided having a plurality of memory elements, the elements being associated with a memory space that can be addressed in a row and column fashion during a write or a read access. The memory arrangement further includes a first macro bank comprising a first plurality of memory cells comprising a first subset of the memory elements and a second macro bank comprising a second plurality of memory cells comprising a second subset of the memory elements. The memory arrangement further includes an address resolution stage for addressing the memory cells in the respective macro banks. The memory cells are arranged so that the memory space is partitioned into a plurality of non-overlapping basic matrices, whereby each basic matrix is mapped to a given macro bank and wherein the memory cells are arranged logically so that the memory space is partitioned into a plurality of non-overlapping logic matrices of a given size, each logic matrix being of a size equal or larger than a basic matrix.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises: a memory cell group, the memory cell including a number of which is 2n, the n being a positive integer; and a first decoder provided with respect to each of the memory cell groups and a second decoder. The first decoder activates a word line by the memory cell group based upon a first address and an n bit in a second address and the second decoder activates a bit line based upon the second address.

Abstract: A word line driver circuit and corresponding methods are disclosed. An apparatus, comprising a decoder circuit coupled to receive address inputs, and having a decoder output; and a word line clock gating circuit coupled to the decoder output and to a word line clock signal, configured to selectively output a word line signal responsive to an edge on the word line clock signal; wherein the address inputs have a set up time requirement relative to the edge of the word line clock signal, and the address inputs have a zero or less hold time requirement relative to the edge of the word line clock signal. Methods for providing a word line signal from a word line driver are disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a memory device, including providing a timing signal comprising a plurality of clock cycles, providing an activate signal, and providing a bank address signal. An activate command executes on every first duration of clock cycles, and the bank address signal is high for at least a portion of the first duration of clock cycles. In one embodiment, the first duration of the activate signal is at least four clock cycles, and the bank address signal is at least one clock cycle. A memory device having a row decoder and an active driver is also provided.

Abstract: A decoding circuit withstanding high voltage via a low-voltage MOS transistor, where negative high voltage that can be withstood can be as high as double what the transistor itself can withstand via two-stage CMOS inverters connected serially. When the negative high voltage is withstood, the source of a PMOS transistor in the CMOS inverter is switched to high resistance, and the substrate to the ground; the source of an NMOS transistor in the first CMOS inverter is connected with a half negative high voltage, and the source of an NMOS transistor in the second CMOS inverter with a negative high voltage; the first CMOS inverter, whose output is the half negative high voltage, is grounded at its input terminal, and output of the second CMOS inverter is the negative high voltage.

Abstract: Circuits, memories, and methods for latching a write command and later provided write data including write command and write data timing circuits. One such timing circuit includes internal write command latch to latch an internal write command in response to write command latch signal. The internal write command latch releases the latched write command in response to the write command latch signal after a latency delay. The timing circuit further includes a write leveling flip-flop (FF) circuit and a write data register. One such method includes generating and latching an internal write command. The latched internal write command is released after a latency delay responsive to the memory clock signal. The internal write command is propagated over an internal write command path. Write data is captured and internal write command latched in response to a write clock signal. The captured write data is released to be written to memory.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a property in a borehole penetrating the earth, the apparatus having: a carrier configured to be disposed in the borehole; and an acoustic transducer disposed at the carrier and configured to at least one of transmit and receive an acoustic wave used to estimate the property, the acoustic transducer comprising an acoustic diaphragm; wherein the acoustic diaphragm includes a surface in communication with a plurality of structural members configured to increase the rigidity of the surface, the surface being configured to interface with a medium that propagates the acoustic wave.

Abstract: A method for processing geophysical data. The method includes applying a first interferometry on an estimate of a direct ground roll between a receiver location and one or more boundary source locations and an estimate of a direct ground roll between one or more boundary receiver locations and each boundary source location to generate an interferometric estimate of a direct ground roll between the receiver location and each boundary receiver location. The method then includes applying a second interferometry on geophysical data between the source location and each boundary receiver location and the interferometric estimate of the direct ground roll between the receiver location and each boundary receiver location to generate an interferometric estimate of a direct and scattered ground roll between the source location and the receiver location.

Abstract: The present invention relates to producing a quality control measure for use during data acquisition and/or data processing of, preferably, seismic data. While or after obtaining the data, a surface consistent decomposition of the data is performed. From the surface consistent decomposition, one may compute a decomposed logarithmic spectra, and from the decomposed logarithmic spectra, one may compute one or more residua. An error attribute based on the one or more residua can be formulated, analyzed, and output. The error attribute can be used as a quality control measure or the analysis result can be used to produce a quality control measure.

Abstract: A sound source includes a tubular resonator configured to be filled with a gas. The exterior of the resonator includes rigid and elastomeric portions. The interior of the resonator includes a first volume and a second volume. The volumes are separated by a rigid tubular wall containing at least one orifice. The at least one orifice enables a flow of gas between the volumes. The resonator also includes at least one rigid tubular member configured to move along the rigid tubular wall. The position of the at least one rigid tubular member regulates at least one dimension of the path between the volumes. The sound source also includes a volume velocity actuator disposed within the resonator. The sound source also includes a processing circuit configured to provide a control signal to cause the volume velocity actuator to perturb the gas within the resonator at a defined frequency.

Abstract: An electronic timing device is disclosed for simply and easily indicating elapsed time since a food container was opened. The electronic timing device can be directly attached to the food container and can be activated when first opening the food container. Activation occurs via a simple one-button-press operation. Thereafter, the electronic timing device displays elapsed time in days. Additionally, via a further one-button-press operation, the electronic timing device can display elapsed time in hours within the current day. Thereafter, viewing the display readily indicates the elapsed time since the food container was first opened. The electronic timing device can be reused by directly attaching it to another food container and re-activating the electronic timing device. The electronic timing device can be used with any container or to indicate elapsed time of any event having occurred.

Abstract: A watch, in particular a wristwatch, having a watch case that has a viewing opening oriented towards an observer, a movement, and one or more components with light-receiving regions on their surfaces. The movement and the components with regions of light-receiving surface are arranged in the watch case and are covered by a light-transmissive covering part in the direction of the observer. The covering part is transmissive for ultraviolet light and is at least largely opaque for light in the visible spectrum.

Abstract: A thermally-assisted magnetic recording head is provided, in which the light-source output can be adjusted according to its variation by environmental influences and over time. The head comprises: a light source; a write head element provided in a element-integration surface; an optical system provided in the element-integration surface and configured to guide a light emitted from the light source to the vicinity of one end of the write head element; and a light detector for monitoring the light-source output, provided in the element-integration surface and comprising a light-receiving surface covering an area directly above at least a portion of the optical system. This light detector with such a light-receiving surface can detect a leakage light emitted from the optical system as a monitoring light. Therefore, feedback adjustment of the light-source output can be realized to stabilize the intensity of light for thermal-assist applied to a magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: A method and system for providing energy assisted magnetic recording (EAMR) heads are described. The method and system include providing a substrate, at least one EAMR transducer, an overcoat layer and at least one laser. The substrate has a leading edge and a substrate trailing edge. The EAMR transducer(s) reside in a device layer and on the substrate trailing edge. The overcoat layer includes a plurality of contacts. The device layer is between the overcoat layer and the substrate trailing edge. The laser(s) provide energy to the EAMR transducer. The overcoat layer is between the substrate trailing edge and the laser(s). The laser(s) are electrically coupled to at least a first portion of the contacts. The contacts provide thermal connection through the overcoat layer and the device layer. At least a second portion of the contacts is electrically insulated from the substrate.

Abstract: An optically-readable disk includes a device that disrupts readability of the disk when the disk is spun at an angular velocity substantially greater than required to play the disk in its intended playing device, or when a defined integral of velocity and time is exceeded. The device may include a fluid container that disperses a data-disruptive fluid. The device may include a membrane or layer that is disrupted when the disk is rotated above a defined angular velocity, or when a defined integral of velocity and time is exceeded. The device may include an electro-optical material that is activated by an electrical signal from a controller in response to an input from a sensor responsive to motion of the disk.

Abstract: A method for copy protection includes providing audiovisual or audio data stored in sectors of a record carrier having a file system, and providing additional or modified data to be stored in further sectors. The method includes generating a first file of the file system referencing at least a part of the sectors and none of the further sectors, so when the first file is rendered by a playback device, the data is reproduced which is included in the part of the sectors. The method also includes generating a second file of the file system being another file than the first file and referencing at least a part of the sectors and further referencing at least one of the further sectors, such that when the second file is rendered by the playback device the part of the sectors and the at least one of the further sectors are reproduced.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for compensating periodic signal in an optical disc drive are described. The control apparatus includes an amplitude processing unit, a phase processing unit, a wave generator, a first switch module and a second switch module. The amplitude processing unit processes the amplitude of the input signal based on a reference signal for generating an amplitude signal. The phase processing unit processes the phase of the input signal based on the reference signal for generating a phase signal. The first switch module switches the amplitude signal to select one of the amplitude value and a predetermined amplitude value. The second switch module switches the phase signal to select one of the phase value and a predetermined phase value. The wave generator generates a compensated wave signal based on the selected amplitude value and the selected phase value, and outputs the compensated wave signal.

Abstract: Provided is an objective lens that allows securing of a long working distance for a laser beam with a long wavelength and has a predetermined thickness or larger, and an optical pickup apparatus including the objective lens. In an objective lens of the present invention, a first region that focuses laser beams of a BD, DVD, and CD standards, a second region that focuses the laser beams of the DVD and CD standards, and a third region that focuses the laser beams of the BD and the DVD standards are provided in this order from a center portion of the objective lens. An optical super resolution with the laser beam of the BD standard is achieved by preventing a portion of the laser beam of the BD standard transmitted through the second region from contributing to spot formation.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus includes an optical pickup, a signal generation section which generates a total reflection signal and a focus error signal, and a servo control section which controls optical pickup. The optical disc apparatus further includes a main control section which binarizes the track cross signal by using a predetermined threshold value and, by using the binarized track cross signal, checks the tracing state of a track. The main control section controls the servo control section to check, by tracing one turn of the track of an optical disc, whether or not a tracking servo deviation occurs. When a tracking servo deviation occurs during the tracing, the main control section controls the servo control section to make the check once again. When, in the check made once again, a tracking servo deviation is found to occur again, the main control section increases the threshold value used in binarization.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical information recording/reproducing device and the like that can suppress a decrease in a recording speed even where an optical information recording medium including multiple layers has eccentricity. The optical information recording/reproducing device records information, by treating a predefined area in a second layer corresponding to a position of a first layer at which a defect is detected, as a defect area. The optical information recording/reproducing device reproduces information, by treating a predefined area in the second layer corresponding to a position of the first layer at which a defect is registered, as a defect area. The radial distance of the defect area is preferably greater than a bonding error between the first and second layers.

Abstract: An optical disk playback device comprises first and second lasers, an optical assembly, first and second optical detectors, and controller circuitry coupled to the optical detectors. The optical assembly is configured to direct incident light from the first and second lasers so as to form respective leading and trailing scanning spots on a surface of an optical disk, and is further configured to direct corresponding reflected light from the leading and trailing scanning spots on the surface of the optical disk to respective ones of the optical detectors. The controller circuitry is configured to identify a surface imperfection of the optical disk by processing the reflected light associated with the leading scanning spot prior to the trailing scanning spot reaching that surface imperfection.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for measuring a signal using a measurement system. The signal has a frequency component that is to be detected by the measurement. The frequency component has a varying phase. The signal has at least one interruption thereto. The method includes: processing the signal with the measurement system to detect the frequency component in the signal and stalling the measurement system before the start of the interruption. The stall period is calculated such that the processing of the signal is resumed: i) after the end of the interruption, and ii) where there is substantially no discontinuity between the phase of the frequency component in the signal at the end of the stall and in the phase of the frequency component in the signal at the beginning of the stall.

Abstract: This invention allows super-resolution reproduction with which a better bER value is attainable, when information is recorded by a random pattern including a mark length not longer than a resolution limit, by use of a highly versatile signal decoding method. Information is recorded as marks and spaces coded by RLL(1,7) modulation, which each of the marks and spaces have one of a plurality of lengths, and 2T marks and 2T spaces of the marks and spaces being formed are shorter than 0.12 ?m. An information recording layer (20) includes a reproduction film (21) and a reflective film (22) which are provided in this order from a side from which reproducing light is incident, which reproduction film is made of (i) zinc oxide, (ii) strontium titanate, (iii) titanium oxide, (iv) cerium oxide, or (v) a material including at least one of the (i) through (iv), and which reflective film is made of tantalum or titanium.

Abstract: An information recording medium (100) of the present invention has a plurality of recording layers (110, 120, 130, and 140) for recording therein data. Each of the plurality of recording layers corresponds to one of a plurality of recording formats. A first recording layer number (SLN) assigned with each of the recording layers in accordance with a disposed position of each of the recording layer and a second recording layer number (LLN) assigned with corresponding recording format are included in the address area (14) for the data, with respect to each of the plurality of recording layer.

Abstract: In an optical head device which performs recording/reading of data in/from a high-density optical disc using an objective lens with a large NA, a saw-tooth shape diffraction element is used for also performing recording/reading of data in/from a conventional optical disc, such as DVD, CD, or the like. A step difference that produces an optical path length for blue light which is equal to or longer than the wavelength of the blue light and optical path lengths for red and infrared light which are shorter than the wavelengths of the red and infrared light is utilized so as to exert an inverse action on the blue light to those exerted on the red and infrared light. The effect of increasing the working distances for CD and DVD enables multiple compatibility. The optical element is integrally combined with the objective lens to perform a tracking servo following operation.

Abstract: Provided is an optical pickup device which suppresses the decrease of light amount and performs conversion to circular polarization light, wherein the optical pickup device includes a beam splitter and a raising mirror on each of which a layered member is formed, and the optical pickup device satisfies conditional expressions relating to intensities of S-polarized light and P-polarized light with respect to the beam splitter of a laser beam emitted from a semiconductor laser element, reflectances of S-polarized light and P-polarized light on the beam splitter, a reflection phase difference obtained by subtracting a phase of S-polarized light from a phase of P-polarized light after the reflection, reflectances of S-polarized light and P-polarized light on the raising mirror, and a reflection phase difference obtained by subtracting a phase of S-polarized light from a phase of P-polarized light after the reflection.

Abstract: A disk drive is disclosed comprising a disk comprising a plurality of data tracks, wherein each data track comprises a plurality of data sectors. A head is actuated over the disk, wherein the head comprises a laser operable to heat the disk while writing data to the disk. When a write command is received to write data to a target data sector of a target data track, the head is positioned over the target data track. When the head reaches the target data sector, a power applied to the laser is increased to above a steady state value to compensate for a high fly height of the head. The power applied to the laser is decreased toward the steady state value while writing at least part of the data to the target data sector.

Abstract: In one embodiment the present invention includes a qualification circuit that controls a read channel in a data storage device. The qualification circuit includes a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit receives a first signal and generates a second signal based on a signal quality of the first signal. The second circuit receives the second signal, an envelope-derived error signal resulting from performing envelope derived error detection, and a decision-aided error signal resulting from performing decision aided error detection. The second circuit modifies the envelope-derived error signal and the decision aided error signal according to the second signal. The second circuit generates a control signal that controls the read channel according to the envelope-derived error signal and the decision-aided error signal having been modified.

Abstract: An optical disc has a data layer including a data-layer substrate made of a transparent material and a data-layer reflection film formed on an upper side of the data-layer substrate, a display layer including a display-layer substrate having a display pattern and a display-layer reflection film formed on a lower side of the display-layer substrate, and an intermediate layer made of a transparent material provided between an upper side of the data layer and a lower side of the display layer. The data- and display-layer reflection films exhibit specific reflectivity to allow the display pattern to be visible from a lower side of the data-layer substrate through the data-layer reflection film.

Abstract: A first device receives a first signal transmitted over a transmission line from a second device. The first signal is processed and information is generated that is related to crosstalk from other transmission lines. The information is modulated onto at least one carrier of a plurality of carriers of a second signal to be transmitted from the first device to the second device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for enhancing signal quality at receivers in a wireless network. In one embodiment, an antenna is selected from a subset of antennas based on a signal quality parameter such as received signal power or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In another embodiment, multiple antennas are applied to independent signal processing paths for the respective antennas where output from the paths is then combined to enhance overall signal quality at the receiver.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a primary cell search operation including generating a profile of correlation peaks, determining if magnitudes of the correlation peaks vary, synchronizing a signal acquisition process to one of the identified correlation peak having a greatest magnitude if the magnitudes of the correlation peaks remain relatively constant and synchronizing the signal acquisition process to a peak whose magnitude is increasing if the magnitudes of the correlation peaks are changing. The method and apparatus further include identifying an index and a magnitude of a largest correlation peak of the correlation peaks, determining if other correlation peaks exist in the profile, synchronizing the signal acquisition process to the largest correlation peak originally identified if other correlation peaks do not exist, storing indices and magnitudes for all other correlation peaks located and comparing changes in correlation peak magnitudes for all previously identified peaks.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and a device for sequencing the ZC sequences of the random access channel. The method for sequencing the ZC sequences includes the following steps: Step 202, ZC sequences are divided into a plurality of groups according to the cubic metrics of the ZC sequences; Step 204, the ZC sequences are sequenced, according to the maximum cyclic shift supported by the ZC sequences under a high speed circumstance, within each group to form a plurality of sub-groups; and Step 206, the ZC sequences within each of the plurality of sub-groups are sequenced according to the cubic metrics of the ZC sequences, wherein, the adjacent sub-groups in the same group are sequenced in different orders, while the sub-groups at the boundary of the two adjacent groups are sequenced in the same order. Thereby, the sequences could be assigned according to the CMs, and the sequence fragments could be collected for use.

Abstract: There are disclosed a method of communicating for a smart utility network using a TV white space and an apparatus for the same. The method of communicating for a smart utility network using a TV white space according to the present invention includes: generating a time domain sequence repeated every predetermined number of samples; generating an OFDM symbol having a cyclic prefix length corresponding to an FFT size divided by a natural number of 2 or more and including samples of a number corresponding to the sum of the FFT size and the cyclic prefix length; and generating an SUN packet to be transmitted through a TV channel band selected in the TV white space by using the time domain sequence and the OFDM symbol. Accordingly, it is possible to satisfy all requirements required by the IEEE 802.15.4g SUN standardization group.

Abstract: Systems and methods for transmitting and receiving OFDM symbols are provided which enable the otherwise wasted transmission time normally used as a prefix for each OFDM symbol to contain useful information. At the receiver, the received signal is processed to convert received OFDM symbols from a linear convolution with the channel to a cyclic convolution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for performing acquisition, synchronization and cell selection within an MIMO-OFDM communication system. A coarse synchronization is performed to determine a searching window. A fine synchronization is then performed by measuring correlations between subsets of signal samples, whose first signal sample lies within the searching window, and known values. The correlations are performed in the frequency domain of the received signal. In a multiple-output OFDM system, each antenna of the OFDM transmitter has a unique known value. The known value is transmitted as pairs of consecutive pilot symbols, each pair of pilot symbols being transmitted at the same subset of sub-carrier frequencies within the OFDM frame.

Abstract: A technique dynamically protects against failure of a head-end node of one or more primary Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths (TE-LSPs) in a computer network. According to the novel technique, a neighboring upstream node (“protecting node”) of the head-end node learns of the primary TE-LSPs (and their respective state control blocks) extending from the head-end node to one or more address prefixes. The protecting node establishes a repair TE-LSP for each of the primary TE-LSPs to a corresponding downstream neighboring node of the head-end node (a “next-next-hop”). In response to detecting a failure of the head-end node, the protecting node locally reroutes traffic destined for the address prefixes to an appropriate repair TE-LSP. Due to the failure of the head-end node, the protecting node then refreshes the states of the primary TE-LSPs using replicated state control blocks accordingly, until the repair TE-LSPs are no longer needed.

Abstract: A method includes receiving information at an interface circuit and providing the information from the interface circuit to a processing circuit through a direct communications path between the interface circuit and a processing circuit, which processes the information received from the interface circuit. The method further includes providing the information from the interface circuit to the processing circuit via a crosspoint switch in response to a failure of the direct communications path, wherein the direct communication does not pass through the crosspoint switch.

Abstract: A method of providing protection switching on a backbone network includes configuring a service instance table for a first port of a first bridge. The service instance table includes a Virtual Local Access Network (VLAN) identifier entry for one or more service instances. The method also includes mapping data traffic received at the first bridge onto a first trunk by setting a VLAN identifier entry for a first service instance and transmitting data traffic to a second bridge on the first trunk in accordance with the mapping and monitoring the first trunk for faults by exchanging continuity check messages with the second bridge over the first trunk. The method additionally includes, upon detecting a fault, remapping data traffic for the first service instance by changing the VLAN identifier entry for the first service instance and transmitting data traffic to the second bridge in accordance with the remapping.

Abstract: In a network having a computing system interfacing with a storage system via a switch, an average transmit wait count value is compared with a first threshold value. The average transmit wait count value is updated when a switch port has a frame available for transmission but is unable to transmit the frame if a port of the storage system is unable to receive the frame or if another switch port is unable to receive the frame. A congestion message is generated for notifying a management module of congestion at the switch port when the average transmit wait count value reaches the first threshold value. Depending upon the characteristics of the congestion, a notification is sent to the computing system to either only reduce a rate of write operations to reduce congestion, or to reduce both the rate of write operations and a rate of read operations.

Abstract: A method provides a communication path in a ring network having a plurality of communication nodes. The method includes: setting transfer information of data in each of the plurality of communication nodes by making the transfer information correspond to connection information for identifying a connection within the ring network to provide a first communication path; determining whether to update the transfer information in each of the communication nodes according to the position where the fault occurs; and updating the transfer information according to the position where the fault occurs in one or more of communication nodes to provide a second communication path. Each of the plurality of communication nodes transfers input data by using the first or second communication path according to transfer information corresponding to connection information attached to the input data.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system includes a first gateway router and second gateway router that are communicatively coupled to an optical line terminal. The system further includes an optical network terminal communicatively coupled to the optical line terminal, wherein the optical network terminal is configured to direct communications from the first gateway router to the second gateway router when the operation of the first gateway router meets a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A buffer memory can be configured to temporarily store data in a number of queues. A processor can be configured to measure a fullness of the buffer memory. The processor can be configured to adjust thresholds and drop profiles based on a measured global resource usage for a weighted random early detection (WRED) technique with less resources than a conventional.

Abstract: This invention presents a new FAC framework that keeps the stateless property of the Internet, allows statistical multiplexing gains, and is capable of handling admission control of both TCP and UDP flows. One of the key inventions of the patent is the solution for the signaling/data path divergence problem inherent in a session layer FAC scheme. The solution consists of two components. First, we keep the paths in the network symmetric (i.e. the forward and the backward path are the same) so that we only need to monitor SETUP packets in new flow detection. Second, we select either a tree or a nonblocking mesh topology for the network. Various topologies for constructing nonblocking networks for the proposed FAC architecture are also disclosed.

Abstract: An advance is made over the prior art in accordance with the principles of the present invention that is directed to a new approach for a system and method for a buffer management scheme called Periodic Early Discard (PED). The invention builds on the observation that, in presence of TCP traffic, the length of a queue can be stabilized by selection of an appropriate frequency for packet dropping. For any combination of number of TCP connections and distribution of the respective RTT values, there exists an ideal packet drop frequency that prevents the queue from over-flowing or under-flowing. While the value of the ideal packet drop frequency may quickly change over time and is sensitive to the series of TCP connections affected by past packet losses, and most of all is impossible to compute inline, it is possible to approximate it with a margin of error that allows keeping the queue occupancy within a pre-defined range for extended periods of time.

Abstract: Wireless networks are becoming increasingly heterogeneous in terms of the processing capabilities of network users' receiving equipment. According to embodiments of the innovation, in a communications network comprising a plurality of receivers with different data reception rate capabilities, data frames targeted to respective receivers may be transmitted to the receivers in accordance with the respective data reception rate capabilities of the receivers.

Abstract: Method for reporting bandwidth loss on a network link that couples a switch element to a network is provided. The method includes determining if credit is unavailable to transmit a packet and a packet is available at a switch port for transmission; determining bandwidth loss due to lack of credit; and reporting the bandwidth loss to a processor of the network switch. The switch element includes a processor for executing firmware code; a port for receiving and transmitting network packets; and a bandwidth loss logic that determines bandwidth loss if credit is unavailable to transmit a packet and the packet is available at the port; and reports the bandwidth loss to the processor.