Abstract: A keyboard with a water-draining function is provided. The keyboard includes a base, an upper cover, and a flexible plate. The base has at least one drainage hole. The upper cover has at least one upper cover opening corresponding to the at least one drainage hole. The flexible plate has at least one flexible plate opening corresponding to the at least one drainage hole. The flexible plate is arranged between the upper cover and the base. The flexible plate is contacted with the upper cover and the base, so that the at least one drainage hole is connected with the corresponding upper cover opening. The liquid splashed on the keyboard may flow through the upper cover opening, the flexible plate opening and the drainage hole, and then the liquid is exhausted out of the keyboard.

Abstract: A switching substrate on which switching portions are mounted is attached at an angle to a case. The length in the pressing direction of a first push button of a push button unit is larger than the length in the pressing direction of a second push button. A first contact portion about which the push button unit rotates when the first push button is pressed and a second contact portion about which the push button unit rotates when the second push button is pressed are at substantially the same height from the surface of the switching substrate. Therefore, the rotation angle when a first operating surface is pressed can be made equal to the rotation angle when a second operating surface is pressed.

Abstract: In a lever switch device, a holder is assembled in and fixed to a cylindrical lever body formed by combining halved lever bodies and the holder supports two rotating knobs so as to allow the rotating knobs to rotate. Further, a circuit board is mounted on the holder, and both main surfaces of the circuit board face the rotating knobs, respectively. The rotating knob is exposed to the outside at the end of the cylindrical lever body in the axial direction, and the rotating knob is exposed to the outside through window portions formed at the cylindrical lever body. Sliders are mounted on the rotating knobs, respectively, one slider can come into contact with and be separated from contact patterns formed on the main surface, and the other slider can come into contact with and be separated from contact patterns formed on the main surface.

Abstract: An electrical sliding contact switch comprises a contact transmitter element with a first and a second rigidly interconnected sliding contact, which are pressed against a corresponding surface designed for a common sliding section by respective contact areas in the same direction, while there is an insulated segment and a contact segment for each sliding contact within the common sliding section respectively, whereby one insulated segment is slid over by a contact area of sliding contact, when the corresponding other sliding contact is sliding over its contact segment with its contact area, whereby a notch is arranged within the insulating segment which is slid over by a contact area of a sliding contact in case the other sliding contact is sliding over its contact segment.

Abstract: A capacitive touch device includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate and an adhesive layer connecting the first and second transparent substrates with each other. The first transparent substrate has a first side and a second side. A first conductive layer is disposed on the second side. The second transparent substrate has a third side and a fourth side. A second conductive layer is selectively disposed on the third side or the fourth side. The adhesive layer is disposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate. By means of the design of the capacitive touch device, the thickness of the touch device is greatly reduced and the manufacturing cost is lowered.

Abstract: A touch panel is provided that includes: a substrate; a plurality of X-axis lines disposed on the substrate; a plurality of Y-axis lines crossing the plurality of X-axis lines; and an insulating layer interposed between the X-axis lines and the Y-axis lines, in which at least one first X-axis line and at least one second X-axis line selected from among the plurality of X-axis lines are connected by a first connection portion, and among the plurality of Y-axis lines, a Y-axis line crossing the first X-axis line and the second X-axis line has a first area in a region where the Y-axis line overlaps the first X-axis line and a second area in a region where the Y-axis line overlaps the second X-axis line, and the first area and the second area are different from each other.

Abstract: A touch panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, a first sensing layer, a second sensing layer, and a plurality of spacers is provided. The second substrate is parallel to and opposite to the first substrate in a top-bottom manner. The first sensing layer is disposed on the first substrate and located between the first substrate and the second substrate. The second sensing layer is disposed on the second substrate. The spacers are located between the first sensing layer and the second sensing layer, and the spacers includes a plurality of movable first spacers and a plurality of second spacers fixed on the second substrate, wherein each of the first spacers is surrounded by a portion of the second spacers.

Abstract: A capacitive switch is comprises a sensor area and with a reference surface in which the sensor surface and the reference surface are configured to produce an electric field (E) between them. The sensor surface and the reference surface are arranged substantially in a common plane such that an electrical field (E) is formed between them with an arched line of force. A coupling surface is configured to move in a plurality of directions in space with respect to the sensor surface and reference surface. A lighting element is configured to illuminate the capacitive switch when activated. A tactile feedback device provides feedback as the capacitive switch is being actuated.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a polymer thick film conductive composition that may be used in applications where thermoforming of the base substrate occurs, e.g., as in capacitive switches. Polycarbonate substrates are often used as the substrate and the polymer thick film conductive composition may be used without any barrier layer. Thermoformable electric circuits benefit from the presence of an encapsulant layer over the dried polymer thick film conductive composition.

Abstract: The present invention concerns low energy requiring methods for processing low cellulosic biomass materials into oil, char and liquid components. One method comprises the steps of subjecting the biomass to hydrothermal carbonization under specified reaction conditions for producing a combined char and oil fraction as well as an aqueous fraction, separating the combined oil and char fraction from the aqueous fraction by filtration; separating the combined oil and char fraction into individual oil and char fractions using an organic solvent for forming an oil depleted char fraction and a liquid oil and solvent solution, and separating the liquid oil and solvent solution into individual oil and solvent fractions by distillation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biomass dryer/burner unit having an air cleaning apparatus adapted to accept emissions from unit and to convert said emissions to clean air to meet government emission standards. The air cleaning apparatus including a spray scrubber fluidly connected to the unit adapted to moisten emissions, a recirculation tank in fluid communication with a collection tank, angled baffle plates, and the collection tank further having a sensor adapted to measure contaminant levels contained within the recirculation air filtration system. If the air contained within the collection tank measures above a predetermined contaminant level, then the air contained within the collection tank is directed back into the spray scrubber. If the air contained within the collection tank is below a predetermined level, then the air is exhausted into the atmosphere. Water is further allowed to recirculate back to the spray scrubber.

Abstract: A steam generation apparatus 1 including a high-temperature pipe 10 disposed extending horizontally and through which a high-temperature fluid passes; low-temperature pipes 20 disposed on both sides of the high-temperature pipe 10 in a horizontal direction and through which a low-temperature fluid having a temperature lower than that of the high-temperature fluid passes; and a thermoelectric module 30 interposed between the high-temperature pipe 10 and each of the low-temperature pipes 20 for generating electrical power using a temperature difference between the high-temperature pipe 10 and the low-temperature pipes 20, the low-temperature pipes 20 being configured such that the supplied low-temperature fluid in a liquid form is turned into steam due to heat exchange with the high-temperature fluid and is discharged from an upper portion of the low-temperature pipes 20.

Abstract: A water vending apparatus is disclosed. The water vending system includes a water vapor distillation apparatus and a dispensing device. The dispensing device is in fluid communication with the fluid vapor distillation apparatus and the product water from the fluid vapor distillation apparatus is dispensed by the dispensing device.

Abstract: A hybrid process comprising an adsorption process and a distillation process for the separation of butene-1 from a C4 hydrocarbon mixture gas including butene-1, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, normal butane, isobutane, etc. is provided. The hybrid process comprises introducing a gaseous C4 mixture into the adsorption tower loaded with adsorbents which adsorb olefins selectively to discharge C4 paraffins to the outlet of the tower, desorbing C4 olefins selectively adsorbed in the adsortion tower to produce high purity C4 olefins mixture gas in which isobutane and normal butane was removed, and separating the high C4 olefins mixture gas (a mixture of butene-1, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, and a trace amount of C4 paraffins) via distinction to obtain high purity butene-1 including a trace amount of isobutane in the top of the distillation tower and obtain a mixture gas including trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene and a trace amount of normal butane in the bottom of the tower.

Abstract: A system and process that are a hybrid of distillation and membrane separations offers a highly efficient means of separating a fluid feed mixture into organic, solid, and aqueous components. The distillation section is followed by two membrane separation sections operated in parallel, with the distillation section separating the feed mixture into an organics-rich fraction and an organics-depleted and solids-rich fraction. One membrane section operates on the organics-rich fraction and separates it into a more organics-rich sub-fraction and a water-rich, organics-depleted sub-fraction, while the other membrane section operates on the organics-depleted, solids-rich fraction from the distillation section and separates it into a solids-rich sub-fraction and a solids-depleted, water-rich sub-fraction.

Abstract: For the distillation of temperature-sensitive liquids, in particular acrylic acid and its esters, the liquid is heated in a column and at least partly evaporated. The vapor is guided through a condenser provided inside the column, in which the vapor is at least partly condensed. The condensed liquid is at least partly withdrawn from the column. The distillation is characterized in that the vapor not condensed yet is guided through the condenser cocurrently to the condensed liquid.

Abstract: A process for converting a tertiary halogenated hydrocarbons in a tertiary halogenated hydrocarbon-containing stream to a corresponding unhalogenated or less-halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon product with the release of hydrogen halide involves contacting the tertiary halogenated hydrocarbon with a sorbent-type dehydrohalogenation catalyst in a reaction zone and optionally passing a stripping gas through the reaction zone to remove vapor phase reaction products from the reaction zone.

Abstract: A process for converting a tertiary halogenated hydrocarbons in a tertiary halogenated hydrocarbon-containing stream to a corresponding unhalogenated or less-halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon product with the release of hydrogen halide involves contacting the tertiary halogenated hydrocarbon with a sorbent-type dehydrohalogenation catalyst in a reaction zone and optionally passing a stripping gas through the reaction zone to remove vapor phase reaction products from the reaction zone.

Abstract: A fluid processing device is provided for recycling a previously used water and glycol containing fluid by removing contaminants including hydrocarbon, metals, particulates and water contaminants from the water and glycol containing fluid. The device includes a particulate filter for removing particulates, an activated carbon filter for removing hydrocarbon contaminants, a micron-sized filter for removing at least one of particulate and metal contaminants, a high pressure membrane filter for removing contaminants and water, and a heater for heating the glycol containing fluid to a temperature at least near the boiling point of water in a predetermined reduced pressure atmosphere. The device also includes a low pressure separator having a tank kept generally at or near the predetermined reduced pressure for removing additional water from the water and glycol containing fluid.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for separating an olefin from mixed gases containing light olefins is provided. The process includes adsorbing the olefin of an olefin-containing mixed gas in an adsorption column packed with an adsorbent selectively adsorbing the olefin; discharging gases other than the olefin through the outlet of the adsorption column; desorbing the adsorbed olefin by displacement using a desorbent, and separating the olefin from the desorbent, thereby producing a high-purity olefin. The apparatus includes adsorption columns packed with an adsorbent selectively adsorbing an olefin, and at least two distillation columns for separating an olefin/desorbent mixture and an olefin poor stream/desorbent into their components. If the olefin concentration of the off-gas from an olefin rinse step is higher than that of a raw material gas, recovering the olefin from the off-gas is carried out before or after the adsorption step.

Abstract: A device (100) for distilling or thickening fluids, having a chamber (102), an electromagnetic radiation generator (104) and a waveguide (106) connecting the electromagnetic radiation generator (104) with the interior of the chamber (102). The device (100) has a channel (108) located below the end (110) of the waveguide (106), the channel being adapted for transporting the fluid. One end of the channel (108) is the inlet (112) and the other end of the channel (108) is the outlet (114) for the fluid, the channel being shaped so as to prolong the dwell time of the fluid in the chamber (102).

Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing a substrate with an energetic particle beam. Features on the substrate are oriented relative to the energetic particle beam and the substrate is scanned through the energetic particle beam. The substrate is periodically indexed about its azimuthal axis of symmetry, while shielded from exposure to the energetic particle beam, to reorient the features relative to the major dimension of the beam.

Abstract: A method for coating a substrate on one or more sides having catalytically active material producible by material deposition under vacuum in a vacuum chamber, using the following steps: loading a substrate in the chamber evacuating the chamber, cleaning the substrate by introducing a gaseous reducing agent, removing the gaseous reducing agent, applying an intermediate layer by means of vacuum arc evaporation, wherein a substrate comprising the same or similar material is introduced into the vacuum chamber, controlling the chamber temperature, coating by vacuum arc evaporation, a metal taken from the group ruthenium, iridium, titanium and mixtures thereof while oxygen is supplied, in a last step the coated substrate is removed from the chamber, wherein at least 99% of the substrate coating is free of constituents originally contained in the substrate itself, and at least 99% of the coating applied on the intermediate layer is kept free of non-oxidized metals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a filtered cathodic-arc ion source that reduces, or even eliminates, macroparticles while minimally compromising the compact size, simplicity, and high flux ion production benefits of unfiltered cathodic-arc sources. Magnetic and electrostatic forces are implemented in a compact way to guide ions along curved trajectories between the cathode source and the workpiece area such that macroparticles, which are minimally affected by these forces and travel in straight lines, are inhibited from reaching the workpieces. The present invention implements this filtering technique in a device that is compact, symmetrical and easy to manufacture and operate and which does not substantially compromise coating deposition rate, area, or uniformity.

Abstract: An apparatus that can supply oxyhydrogen gas includes an electrolysis device, a filter device, and a control device. The electrolysis device includes a voltage controller that applies voltages to positive and negative electrode plates to convert water electrolytically in an electrolysis chamber to form oxyhydrogen gas, which is outputted via a first output conduit. An output end of the first output conduit is extended below water level in a container of the filter device. A second output conduit permits the oxyhydrogen gas that flows through the first output conduit and through the water in the container to flow therethrough. The control device includes a ratio adjusting interface for controlling a difference in the voltages provided by the voltage controller so as to adjust a ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in the oxyhydrogen gas formed in the electrolysis chamber.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for electrically altering the charge and conductivity of polar solvents are disclosed. Such alterations are effected via a system comprising, among other things, an electrolyzing apparatus which stimulates higher conductivity and increased interfacial contact between polar protic solvents and fluids to assist or promote the extraction and/or leaching of solutes, including hydrocarbons, such as lipids, from an admixture, an occluded biomass or another aqueous medium. Methods, systems, and apparatuses for reducing the amount of solvents used in liquid extraction processes and increasing solvent recovery through the concurrent introduction of amphoteric species, which assist in the removal of the polar solvent from its liquid phase to a recoverable and reusable form, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process and system for recovery of one or more metal values using solution extraction techniques and to a system for metal value recovery. In an exemplary embodiment, the solution extraction system comprises a first solution extraction circuit and a second solution extraction circuit. A first metal-bearing solution is provided to the first and second circuit, and a second metal-bearing solution is provided to the first circuit. The first circuit produces a first rich electrolyte solution, which can be forwarded to primary metal value recovery, and a low-grade raffinate, which is forwarded to secondary metal value recovery. The second circuit produces a second rich electrolyte solution, which is also forwarded to primary metal value recovery. The first and second solution extraction circuits have independent organic phases and each circuit can operate independently of the other circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sputtering target having alarm function. The sputtering target comprises: a target body including a target material and having a bonding plane; a backing body bonded with the bonding plane of the target body; and at least one alarm body embedded in the target body. Wherein, a length of each alarm body, ratios of an area of each alarm body and the sum of area(s) of the at least one alarm body projected onto the bonding plane relative to an area of the bonding plane are controlled in a suitable range. Thus, the bonding strength and the heat-removing efficiency of the sputtering target can be maintained, and the distinguishable material of the alarm body can evolve a gas component distinguishable from a sputtering environment serving as an alarm signal for stopping the sputtering process in time.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing indium tin oxide (ITO) sputtering targets is provided. The process includes: precipitating indium and tin hydroxides, calcining the hydroxides to produce granulated ITO powder, preparing an aqueous slurry of the ITO powder with additives such as special sintering aids, dispersing agent and binders, milling the slurry to obtain a slip, preparing compacted ITO green bodies by casting the slip using porous molds or drying the slip to yield granulated ITO powder and cold isostatic pressing the powder, and sintering the green body to yield ITO target of high density greater than 99% of theoretical.

Abstract: Provided is a sputtering target for a magnetic recording film containing SiO2, wherein the sputtering target for a magnetic recording film contains B (boron) in an amount of 10 to 1000 wtppm. An object of this invention is to obtain a sputtering target for a magnetic recording film capable of inhibiting the formation of cristobalites in the target which cause the generation of particles during sputtering, shortening the burn-in time, and realizing a stable discharge with a magnetron sputtering device.

Abstract: Provided is a ferromagnetic sputtering target having a metal composition comprising 20 mol % or less of Cr, 5 mol % or more of Pt, and the balance of Co, wherein the target includes a metal base (A) and two different phases (B) and (C) in the metal base (A), the phase (B) being a Co—Ru alloy phase containing 30 mol % or more of Ru, and the phase (C) being a metal or alloy phase primarily composed of Co or a Co alloy. The present invention improves the leakage magnetic flux to provide a ferromagnetic sputtering target that can perform stable discharge with a magnetron sputtering device.

Abstract: Provided is a ferromagnetic material sputtering target comprising a metal having a composition that Cr is contained in an amount of 20 mol % or less, Ru is contained in an amount of 0.5 mol % or more and 30 mol % or less, and the remainder is Co, wherein the target has a structure including a base metal (A) and, within the base metal (A), a Co—Ru alloy phase (B) containing 35 mol % or more of Ru. The present invention provides a ferromagnetic material sputtering target that can improve leakage magnetic flux to allow stable discharge with a magnetron sputtering apparatus.

Abstract: Correction of skew in plasma etch rate distribution is performed by tilting the overhead RF source power applicator about a tilt axis whose angle is determined from skew in processing data. Complete freedom of movement is provided by incorporating exactly three axial motion servos supporting a floating plate from which the overhead RF source power applicator is suspended.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biosensor which is formed with a three-dimensional structure using 3D molded interconnect device (MID) technology and a manufacturing method thereof. The present invention provides a biosensor in which reactive electrodes and signal transfer parts are formed in a three-dimensional structure on a surface of a polymer using the 3D MID technology, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: A deterioration diagnosis device, which performs a deterioration diagnosis of a catalyst, includes an exhaust-gas sensor provided downstream of the catalyst in a flow direction of exhaust gas such that an output value of the exhaust-gas sensor is used at least in the deterioration diagnosis. The deterioration diagnosis device further includes the constant current supply portion which applies a voltage to a sensor element of the exhaust-gas sensor to change an output characteristic of the exhaust-gas sensor, a response-time detection portion which detects a response time required for the output value of the exhaust-gas sensor to change from a rich threshold to a lean threshold, a response-time correction portion which controls the constant current supply portion to change the output characteristic of the exhaust-gas sensor so as to shorten the response time when the response time is longer than a predetermined reference time.

Abstract: The invention provides droplet actuator assemblies and systems and methods of manufacturing the droplet actuator assemblies. In certain embodiments, two-piece enclosures are used to form a droplet actuator assembly that houses a droplet operations substrate. In certain other embodiments, one-piece enclosures are used to form a droplet actuator assembly that houses a droplet operations substrate. In the plastic injection molding process for forming substrates of the droplet actuator assemblies of the present invention may utilize insert molding (or overmolding) processes for forming a gasket in at least one substrate, thereby avoiding the need for providing and installing a separate gasket component. Further, the droplet actuator assemblies may include features that allow ultrasonic welding processes to be used for bonding substrates together. The manufacturing systems of the present invention for fabricating the droplet actuator assemblies may utilize continuous flow reel-to-reel manufacturing processes.

Abstract: A capacitive deionization apparatus provided with an electrode including ferroelectrics having a high dielectric constant, the capacitive deionization apparatus including an electrode including a cathode and an anode while having at least one of the cathode and the anode formed using dielectric material, and a power source unit configured to apply a voltage to the electrode.

Abstract: A method for measuring the uranium concentration of an aqueous solution including the following successive steps: a) electrochemical reduction towards valence IV, of the uranium present in the aqueous solution with a valence greater than IV, this reduction being implemented at pH<2 and by passing an electrical current in the solution; b) measurement of the absorbance of the solution obtained on completion of step a) at a chosen wavelength between 640 and 660 nm, and preferably 652 nm; and c) determination of the uranium concentration of the aqueous solution by deduction of the uranium concentration of valence (IV) present in the aqueous solution obtained on completion of step a) from measurement of the absorbance obtained in step b).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an anodized film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of: (a) providing a multilayer structure that includes a base, a sacrificial layer which is provided on the base and which contains aluminum, and an aluminum layer which is provided on a surface of the sacrificial layer; (b) partially anodizing the aluminum layer to form a porous alumina layer which has a plurality of minute recessed portions; and (c) after step (b), separating the porous alumina layer from the multilayer structure. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a self-supporting anodized film which includes a porous alumina layer can be manufactured more conveniently as compared with the conventional methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an article having a fine concave-convex structure on a surface thereof, the structure having pores in which a pore interval is less than or equal to a wavelength of visible light, including: irradiating a surface of the article having the fine concave-convex structure on the surface, with light from an illumination device; capturing an image of reflected light from the surface of the article having the fine concave-convex structure on the surface using imaging device; acquiring color information from an image captured by the imaging device; and inspecting the article having the fine concave-convex structure based on the color information. According to the present invention, it is possible to easily inspect the depth of the pores of anodized alumina and the pitch between the pores, and to provide a method of manufacturing anodized alumina having a stable pore shape.

Abstract: Tin-silver alloy electroplating baths having certain amine-oxide surfactants and methods of electrodepositing a tin-silver-containing layer using these baths are disclosed. Such electroplating baths are useful to provide tin-silver solder deposits having reduced void formation and improved within-die uniformity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the metallizing pretreatment of galvanized and/or alloy-galvanized steel surfaces or joined metallic components having at least some zinc surfaces, wherein a thin surface layer of iron is deposited on the zinc surfaces from an aqueous electrolyte containing water-soluble compounds that are a source of iron cations. The method is performed at least partially or continuously under application of an electrolytic voltage, the galvanized and/or alloy-galvanized steel surfaces being connected as cathode. The aqueous electrolyte additionally contains an accelerator selected from oxo acids of the elements phosphorus, nitrogen and/or sulfur, the elements phosphorus, nitrogen and/or sulfur being present in moderate oxidation states.

Abstract: An apparatus has a tank with an interior for containing water, a nozzle for directing ozonated water out of the spray apparatus, and an electrolytic cell located between the nozzle and the tank. The electrolytic cell is configured to ozonate water as the water flows from the tank to the nozzle. The apparatus also includes a power source for providing electric potential to the electrolytic cell. The tank, nozzle, and electrolytic cell all are part of a single spray bottle or dispenser (e.g., like a soap dispenser).

Abstract: Apparatus for seawater acidification including an ion exchange, cathode and anode electrode compartments and cation-permeable membranes that separate the electrode compartments from the ion exchange compartment. Means is provided for feeding seawater through the ion exchange compartment and for feeding a dissociable liquid media through the anode and cathode electrode compartments. A cathode is located in the cathode electrode compartment and an anode is located in the anode electrode compartment and a means for application of current to the cathode and anode is provided. A method for the acidification of seawater by subjecting the seawater to an ion exchange reaction to exchange H+ ions for Na+ ions. Carbon dioxide may be extracted from the acidified seawater. Optionally, the ion exchange reaction can be conducted under conditions which produce hydrogen as well as carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen may be used to produce hydrocarbons.

Abstract: There are provided methods and systems for an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode where the anode is contacted with a metal ion that converts the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state. The metal ion in the higher oxidation state is reacted with hydrogen gas, an unsaturated hydrocarbon, and/or a saturated hydrocarbon to form products.

Abstract: To provided a method for recovering lithium from a lithium ion battery using comparatively simple equipment and without using a cumbersome process. A lithium extraction method for extracting lithium from the positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery containing lithium and cobalt, the method being characterized in that the positive electrode material is immersed into an acidic solution at 50° C. or less, lithium ions are selectively leached into the acidic solution while inhibiting the leaching of cobalt ions, and the leaching of lithium ions is stopped while the amount of lithium contained in the positive electrode material is sufficient.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for generating oxygen via an electrolysis reaction. One places an anode and a cathode in aqueous solution, and uses an external source of electricity to drive the electrolysis reaction from the anode and cathode. The anode has at least three metal oxides, preferably with nickel oxide or cobalt oxide as at least one of the oxides. Also disclosed are electrodes designed for catalyzing oxygen consumption or formation reactions, where the electrodes have a mix of such three metal oxides.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrolysis method and electrolysis apparatus (10) for producing oxygenated and hydrogenated fluid. The apparatus (10) comprises first and second outer end members (12 and 14), both being of polyethylene and at least two spaced apart permeable electrodes (16 and 18). The permeable electrode (16 and 18) are each of a foraminous or perforated material, such as nickel foam sheet material. The two permeable electrodes (16 and 18) are arranged generally parallel to one another and are relatively closely spaced from one another. An inlet chamber (20) is therefore defined between the first and second permeable electrodes (16 and 18). A first oxygenated fluid collection chamber (22) is disposed between the first permeable electrode (16) and the first end member (12) and a second hydrogenated fluid collection chamber (24) is disposed between the second permeable electrode (18) and the second end member (14).

Abstract: Electrochemiluminescent technique and device suitable for cheap analytical and diagnostic applications, with electrodes manufactured from carbon paste and terbium chelates as labeling compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to integrated electronic chip (lEChip) cartridge devices which are used in hot electron-induced electrochemiluminescence methods and to instrumentation based on the electrical excitation of label molecules with subsequent measurement of luminescence in order to quantitate analyte concentrations especially in bioaffinity assays, especially outside of central laboratories.