Abstract: A light emitting diode driving apparatus (1) comprises an arrangement (10) for supplying a signal to light emitting diodes (11, 12). The light emitting diodes (11, 12) comprise different internal impedances (41, 42) for producing different light outputs in response to a parameter of the signal having different values. As a result, the light emitting diodes (11, 12) can be driven relatively independently from each other. Each light output may have an intensity and/or a color. Different light outputs may have different intensities for dimming purposes and/or different colors for color tuning purposes. The parameter may comprise a frequency parameter and/or a timing parameter. The light emitting diodes (11, 12) may form parts of a serial branch, for example when being stacked organic light emitting diodes, or may form part of parallel branches. The internal impedances (41, 42) may comprise capacities (21, 22) and resistivities (31, 32).

Abstract: A semiconductor light source apparatus includes a constant current switch controller that detects a voltage applied to a path when each one of the charging path and the discharging path is selected and switches the plurality of switching elements by calculating a switching duty ratio of the plurality of switching elements so that a current flowing through the passive element is maintained at a constant value in accordance with detection results, and a duty controller that adjusts a voltage value supplied by the power supply circuit in accordance with the switching duty ratio calculated by the constant current switch controller.

Abstract: An LED drive circuit is provided that is connectable to a phase-control light controller and drives an LED load by use of a voltage obtained by rectifying a phase-controlled alternating current voltage inputted from the phase-control light controller. The LED drive circuit includes: a first phase angle detection portion that detects a phase angle in a present cycle; a second phase angle detection portion that detects a phase angle in a cycle preceding the present cycle by at least one cycle; a bias portion that generates a detection signal by adding a predetermined delay time to a phase angle obtained by averaging the phase angle detected by the first phase angle detection portion and the phase angle detected by the second phase angle detection portion; and a drive portion that starts current supply to the LED load at timing based on the detection signal generated by the bias portion.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a lighting system receives an input signal, such as a supply voltage, that can be affected by a dimmer. The supply voltage can be affected by a dimmer when, for example, a dimmer phase cut (i.e. chopped) the supply voltage. A dimmer detection system of the lighting system determines if a dimmer is affecting the supply voltage. In at least one embodiment, the dimmer detection system also determines a type of the dimmer, such as detecting if the dimmer is a leading edge or trailing edge dimmer. In at least one embodiment, the dimmer detection system provides dimmer type data to one or more other circuits such as a switching power converter controller. The one or more other circuits utilize the dimmer type data to affect their operation.

Abstract: To a constant-current power supply whose output current can be variably set, light emitting modules can be connected in parallel. A control unit recognizes connection information outputted from an information output unit provided in each of the light emitting modules and varies the output current of the constant-current power supply. Drive can be controlled in response to a state of the connected light emitting modules such as the connecting number of light emitting modules.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for powering a lighting device having one or more arrays of LEDs. Three current sourcing circuits each include a switching element having a source coupled to an input power source. A microcontroller includes a processor, a communications module, an internal clock oscillator, a counter, and program instructions executable to cause the processor to carry out the control functions. Desired light intensity levels are stored as individual output level data, and pulse density modulated output values are generated for each of the stored output level data using carry overflow logic. The generated output values are converted to output signals and provided to the respective current sourcing circuits, wherein current is sourced through the switching elements to respective LEDs of a given color based on a pulse density modulated signal applied to the gates of the respective switching elements.

Abstract: In embodiments of the present invention, a method and system is provided for designing improved intelligent, LED-based lighting systems. The LED based lighting systems may include fixtures with one or more of rotatable LED light bars, integrated sensors, onboard intelligence to receive signals from the LED light bars and control the LED light bars, and a mesh network connectivity to other fixtures.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a fluorescent lamp power supply are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a power supply includes a power input connected to a pulse generator. The power supply also includes a filter connected to a variable pulse width output on the pulse generator and to the power input. The filter is adapted to substantially block at least one harmonic frequency component of the variable pulse width output and to substantially pass a fundamental frequency component of the variable pulse width output. The power supply also includes a power output connected to the filter, wherein an amplitude at the power output is related to the pulse width at the variable pulse width output.

Abstract: A converting controller is provided and comprises a first comparing unit, a second comparing unit, a duty cycle operating unit and a reference voltage supplying unit. The first comparing unit receives a detecting signal representing a state of the load and a first reference signal, and generates a first comparing signal accordingly. The duty cycle operating unit controls power conversion of the converting circuit according to the first comparing signal. The second comparing unit receives the detecting signal and a second reference signal, and generates a second comparing signal accordingly. The reference voltage supplying unit supplies the first reference signal and adjusts a level of the first reference signal in response to the second comparing signal.

Abstract: Technologies are described herein for an illumination device and a corresponding fixture device. The illumination device includes a luminary module for the emission of light and an identification circuit containing identifying data, while the fixture device includes a driver module for supplying power to the illumination device and a controller module. When the illumination device is connected to the fixture device, the controller module communicates with the identification circuit of the illumination device to retrieve the identifying data and causes the driver module to supply the appropriate power to the luminary module of the illumination device.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter supplies an output voltage to a plurality of channels of a light emitting device array in common. A current driver has a plurality of driver units which drive the channels. Each of the driver units includes a drive transistor and a detector which detects an abnormality of a drive current. A logic unit generates digital data in response to a plurality of detection signals and supplies the same to a D/A converter. An analog reference voltage of the D/A converter is supplied to the DC-DC converter. The logic unit executes a calibration operation which determines digital data for setting the minimum output DC voltage at the normal operation of all the channels by sequential updating of the digital data.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of illumination lamps, in particular to an LED bulb. The invention comprises a lamp cap, a lampshade, LEDS and a circuit board, wherein the bottom end of the lampshade is mounted and fixed at the top end of the lamp cap; the circuit board is mounted and fixed in the lampshade and also electrically connected with the lamp cap; and the lampshade is filled with a mixed gas which transfers heat produced by the LEDS outside the bulb. The invention transfers heat produced by the LEDS by a mixed gas; the LED bulb has such advantages to as small weight, small volume and low production cost; besides, by using the mixed gas as heat transfer medium, the invention can radiate heat produced by the LEDS outside the bulb rapidly so as to effectively solve the heat radiation issue of the LEDS and prolong the service life of the LEDS.

Abstract: A modified bootstrap circuit utilized, for example, in a high voltage DC/DC CMOS buck converter to convert a high input voltage (e.g., 24V) to a regulated voltage (e.g., 4V) for use, for example, by an LED driver circuit. The bootstrap circuit utilizes a feedback diode and a PMOS switch to avoid high reverse diode voltages across a low voltage bootstrap diode. A bootstrapped buck converter implements the bootstrap circuit to generate a high gate voltage on a high-side NMOS switch during all operating phases. The PMOS switch is controlled by the NMOS switch's output voltage to pass a system voltage (e.g., 5V) through the bootstrap diode whenever the output voltage drops low (e.g., 0V), and to shut off when the output voltage subsequently rises such that the feedback diode forward biases to pass the output voltage to the anode of the bootstrap diode.

Abstract: A controller for vector-controlled motor of vehicle judges whether a battery needs to be warmed up in accordance with an output of a battery temperature sensor, and when the battery needs to be warmed up, in situation (i) where the vehicle is stopped, sets a q-axis current value of the motor at zero, or when a brake is released from the situation (i), sets a q-axis current at a value corresponding to a drive torque for a vehicle creep operation, and sets a d-axis current at a value for battery warm-up. When the battery needs to be warmed up in situation (ii) where the vehicle is running, the controller sets a q-axis current at a value corresponding to a drive torque of vehicle running and sets a d-axis current at a value for the battery warm-up in relation to the q-axis current value.

Abstract: When performing PWM control in accordance with an overmodulation mode, an ECU variably sets a switching determination value, which is used for determination of switching control modes between the overmodulation mode and a sinusoidal wave modulation mode, based on a switching state of an inverter at present. Then, the ECU compares the degree of modulation, which is calculated from voltage command values, with the switching determination value so as to determine whether to switch to the sinusoidal wave modulation mode or to maintain the overmodulation mode. In particular, when an influence of a dead time is likely to cause generation of a voltage command that requires switching to the overmodulation mode just after switching to the sinusoidal wave modulation mode, the switching determination value is variably set to prevent the transition from the overmodulation mode to the sinusoidal wave modulation mode. This prevents chattering in which the control modes are frequently switched therebetween.

Abstract: A mechanism for a motor controller for engaging a spinning motor is provided. A power section is configured to provide power to the motor. A control is configured to control the power section. The control is configured to search for a motor frequency of the motor by applying a small excitation voltage to the motor, and the excitation voltage is initially applied at a voltage frequency which is a maximum frequency. The control is configured to track the motor frequency until the motor frequency is below an equivalent speed command and engage the motor by applying a higher voltage to the motor.

Abstract: A motor control device includes a current detecting unit detecting current flowing into a motor winding, a speed/electrical angle estimating unit estimating a rotational speed and an electrical angle of the motor, based on the current, a load torque estimating unit estimating load torque to be developed by a load, from a torque current obtained based on the current and the electrical angle, a motor constant and inertia moment of the motor inclusive of the load, a load torque phase calculating unit calculating a phase of periodic fluctuation indicated by the load torque, a torque-compensating current determining unit determining a sinusoidal torque-compensating current, based on the load torque phase, and an amplitude/phase adjusting unit detecting speed fluctuation of the motor to adjust amplitude and phase of the torque compensating current by increasing or decreasing the amplitude and the phase so that the speed fluctuation is reduced.

Abstract: A rotating electromechanical machine has a rotor having at least one current-carrying winding and at least one rotor-mounted sensor configured to sense a machine property or parameter during machine operation. Rotor-mounted circuitry dynamically modifies at least one property of the current-carrying winding during machine operation in response to the sensed machine property or parameter.

Abstract: The maximum electrical power drawn from an electrical power source by a mining excavator comprising electric motors is reduced by supplying supplementary electrical power from an electrical energy storage unit. The input electrical power drawn by the mining excavator is cyclic. An upper limit is set for the electrical power drawn from the electrical power source. When the input electrical power drawn by the mining excavator exceeds the upper limit, electrical power is supplied by the electrical energy storage unit, such as an ultracapacitor bank. The ultracapacitor bank may be charged by the electrical power source during off-peak intervals. Electrical power generated by electrical motors operating in a regeneration interval may also be recaptured and stored in the electrical energy storage unit.

Abstract: A method for operating a controller includes receiving a first accumulated thermal value of an electrical machine and an associated first time stamp from a memory, initializing a processor of the controller with the first accumulated thermal value and the associated first time stamp, determining whether a second time stamp has been received, calculating a difference between the second time stamp and the first time stamp responsive to determining that the second time stamp has been received, calculating a second accumulated thermal value as a function of the first accumulated thermal value, the first time stamp, and the second time stamp, and updating the first accumulated thermal value with the second accumulated thermal value.

Abstract: A method of operating an electrical machine is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a brushless excitation system including a diode rectifier having at least one diode, sensing heat energy generated by at least one resistor connected in parallel with the at least one diode, wirelessly transmitting a signal representative of the heat energy, detecting a deviation of generated heat energy from the at least one resistor, and generating a signal indicating an error if the deviation in generated heat energy exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a saddle-shaped trajectory for intersection of two cylindrical conduits. The apparatus includes an encoder module, a motorized axial module connected with the encoder module and movable only in a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of an intersecting cylindrical conduit and a motorized rotatable module connected with the motorized axial module and rotatable around the longitudinal axis of the intersecting cylindrical conduit. Control software provided in one of the modules includes an algorithm providing control of the modules for generation of the saddle-shaped trajectory on the two cylindrical conduits. The algorithm requires input of only a radius of each of the cylindrical conduits.

Abstract: A method for controlling a traction power inverter module (TPIM) in a vehicle includes determining a commanded output torque of the motor using a controller. The method further includes controlling the TPIM and motor using a discontinuous pulse width modulated (DPWM) signal when the commanded output torque is less than a calibrated torque threshold. A continuous pulse width modulated (CPWM) signal is used when the commanded output torque is greater than the threshold. The method may include determining a direction of a change in the commanded output torque, and controlling the TPIM, via the controller, using the DPWM signal only when the commanded output torque drops below a predetermined hysteresis level. A vehicle includes a traction motor producing a motor torque for propelling the vehicle, an ESS, a TPIM, and a controller configured as noted above.

Abstract: To provide a power supply device which can reduce energy loss caused due to the forward-direction voltage of a flywheel diode. In a load circuit for subjecting an electronic switch T1 provided between a DC power supply VB and a motor M1 to the PWM control to thereby drive the motor M1, a MOSFET (T2) is provided in parallel to the motor M1. A parasitic diode Dp of the MOSFET (T2) is provided in a manner that its forward direction is in opposite to the flowing direction of a load current ID. The MOSFET (T2) is turned on during a part of a period during which the electronic switch T1 is placed in an off state to thereby flow a circulation current flowing through the motor M1 into the MOSFET (T2). Thus, the energy loss can be remarkably reduced as compared with the case of using the flywheel diode.

Abstract: A modular electric socket assembly comprises a male plug unit electrically connected to a cover plate member having at least one electric socket, and a female plug unit retained in a wall and electrically connected to an electric supply system. Pins of the male plug unit are coupleable with corresponding cavities of the female plug unit. In one embodiment, the socket assembly is a strip assembly having a panel on which are printed a plurality of conductive elements, a cover plate member having at least two socket regions and attached to the panel, and a male plug unit interconnected with the panel. The conductive elements are arranged so as to connect in electrically conductable alignment a user device coupled to a selected socket region, each contact of the panel associated with the selected socket region, conductors associated with the male plug unit, and conductors associated with the female plug unit.

Abstract: A multi-channel stepper motor controller has at least a first and second stepper motor control channel. Each of the control channels has a solid state switching circuit operable to connect the control channel to a stepper motor.

Abstract: A stepper motor driver system includes: a digital signal controller configured to digitally synthesize synthesized analog voltage signals that will induce a desired velocity of a stepper motor when applied to a pair of stepper motor windings; and voltage amplifiers, communicatively coupled to the digital signal controller, configured to amplify the synthesized analog voltage signals to produce amplified analog voltage signals and to output the amplified analog voltage signals; where the digital signal controller is configured to synthesize the analog voltage signals by affecting at least one of a phase or an amplitude of each of the analog voltage signals as a function of the desired velocity of the stepper motor.

Abstract: A driving method for driving a polyphase inverter includes: receiving a reference input that includes a fundamental frequency component, and a previously generated feedback signal; generating an error signal that corresponds to a difference between the reference input and the previously generated feedback signal; attenuating the error signal to the minimum; generating an optimum signal; quantizing the optimum signal; and generating driving signals that correspond to the quantized optimum signal. A driving device that implements the driving method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method dynamically equalizes battery voltages with low inherent power losses in a string of series connected electrochemical batteries. The method includes charging/discharging a group of batteries using magnetic storage in a transformer with bipolar magnetic excursion, individually isolated circuits and pulsed energy transfer. A method also exchanges current between batteries using direct current transfer between them and limiting inductance. Using this method, battery voltage may be measured from an isolated circuit, thus enabling information transfer to a central monitoring system. The method also has the benefit of providing an estimation of battery internal resistance from isolated circuits in the series of batteries.

Abstract: A system and method for improving cycle lifetimes for a lithium-ion battery pack, particularly for adapting to a dynamic use profile for a user.

Abstract: An electric vehicle information system prevents circulation of non-authentic batteries and battery components for electric vehicles. An electric vehicle data processing system is employed that performs, on an electric vehicle battery module having a plurality of battery cells installed therein, authentication of individual battery cells and the battery module itself in a hierarchical manner using a microcomputer. An electric vehicle is configured so as to cause the microcomputer of the data processing system to accumulate voltage history and charge history of the batteries in a nonvolatile storage circuit. The history information and the electric vehicle ID can be gathered by a maintenance device and a data server via an electronic control unit of the electric vehicle. A maintenance service system may thus be provided.

Abstract: A device for mounting a mobile electronic device to an alternating current charger is provided. The mount allows the user to charge a mobile electronic device with the alternating current charger provided by the original equipment manufacturer of the mobile electronic device. The mount also protects the mobile electronic device from damage.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a contactless integrated circuit card function unit, a contactless charging function unit, and a switching unit. The contactless integrated circuit card function unit includes a clamp circuit and realizes a contactless integrated circuit card function. The clamp circuit suppresses excessive voltage of a signal received at an antenna whose operating frequency is a predetermined frequency. The contactless charging function unit commonly uses the antenna and realizes a contactless charging function. The switching unit invalidates or reduces the function of the clamp circuit when the contactless charging function unit is used.

Abstract: A charging system conveniently allows an electric device to be quickly disconnected and taken by a user. The charging system comprises at least one adapter unit and a power supply unit, wherein the adapter unit and the power supply unit utilize magnetic attraction to achieve a desire junction effect. It does not only form a power transmission between the power supply unit and the electronic product, but also separates the electronic product from the power supply unit by slightly imposing forces such that the electronic product can be quickly taken without influencing the operation of the electronic product.

Abstract: An electric vehicle includes a charging receiver unit. The charging receiver unit includes a plurality of core members, a plurality of biasing devices, and a receiver wire. The plurality of core members are disposed in spaced relationship to one another. Each of the plurality of core members is configured for alignment with a plurality of magnetic elements. The plurality of biasing devices longitudinally bias a respective one of the plurality of core members toward a respective one of the plurality of magnetic elements such that magnetic flux is transmitted between each of the plurality of magnetic elements and the respective one of the plurality of core members. The receiver wire is disposed in electrical communication with each of the plurality of core members. Magnetic flux in the plurality of core members induces electrical current in the receiver wire.

Abstract: To stabilize the transmission characteristic of an electric power supply system for vehicle even when the vehicle being charged and powered by it shifts horizontally, a power transmitting antenna, which is arranged on the ground, and a power receiving antenna, which is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle, set up resonances at substantially the same resonant frequency and produce magnetic resonant coupling between them. When the power receiving antenna enters the zone in which the power transmitting antenna is located, power is transmitted to the vehicle. By setting the width of the power receiving antenna as measured in the vehicle's width direction to be larger than the length of the power receiving antenna as measured in the vehicle's traveling direction, the transmission characteristic can be stabilized.

Abstract: A video game controller charging system is provided. The video game controller charging system includes a base; at least one structure on the base for providing physical support to at least one video game controller while it is being charged; and at least one DC port on the base configured to couple to and provide DC power to a power input port of the at least one video game controller. The video game controller charging system may also include a current detector, a charging status indicator, at least one docking bay, and/or an AC-to-DC converter adapted to convert externally supplied power to the DC power provided to the power input port of at least one video game controller. The base of a charging station may include a recess having at least one electrical contact and a power input for connection to a power supply.

Abstract: A power supplying apparatus for supplying power to a plurality of loads has been needed. Therefore, a power supplying apparatus for supplying power to a plurality of loads, including: a rectifying circuit connected to each of the plurality of loads; an AC circuit to sequentially connect between the rectifying circuits; and an AC generating circuit to apply AC voltage to the AC circuit, in which the AC circuit includes a capacitor and an inductor connected in series is provided.

Abstract: A mobile environment-controlled unit having a structure, a compartment supported by the structure, and an environmental-control system in environmental communication with the compartment. The environmental-control system is configured to control an environmental parameter of the compartment. The environmental-control system includes an internal combustion engine, having a starter, powering the environmental-control system; a battery powering the starter; and a controller. The controller monitors battery health status, predicts battery failure, and communicates the predicted battery failure. Also, described is a method of operating the mobile environment-controlled unit and a controller for controlling the mobile environment-controlled unit.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the economical load dispatcher calculates a discharging threshold value and a charging threshold value based on a discharging unit price of and a charging and discharging efficiency of the secondary battery and further calculates output allocations of the generators and secondary battery such that the secondary battery is discharged when incremental fuel costs of the generators are higher than the discharging threshold value, whereas the secondary battery is charged when incremental fuel costs of the generators are lower than the charging threshold value.

Abstract: The method for determining the end-of-discharge voltage threshold of a rechargeable battery includes discharging the battery up to a predefined end-of-discharge voltage threshold, at least partially charging the battery, determining, while at least partially charging the battery, an electrical parameter representative of a coup de fouet effect, which coup de fouet effect appears during the partial charging, comparing said electrical parameter with a predetermined characteristic and updating the end-of-discharge voltage threshold to be used for subsequent discharging according to the result of said comparison.

Abstract: An over-voltage detection and correction system for a transmitter of a mobile terminal that accounts for battery droop during a transmit burst is provided. In general, prior to ramp-up for a first transmit burst, a voltage of the battery of the mobile terminal at a no-load condition is measured. After ramp-up for the transmit burst, the voltage of the battery is measured at full-load, and a current provided to a power amplifier of the transmitter at full-load is detected. Based on the measured voltage of the battery at no-load, the measured voltage of the battery at full-load, and the detected current provided to the power amplifier at full-load, a resistance of the battery is determined. The resistance of the battery is thereafter used to compensate for battery droop during over-voltage detection and correction for one or more subsequent transmit bursts.

Abstract: A circuit protection device includes a plasma gun, at least one capacitor communicatively coupled to the plasma gun, and a monitoring circuit communicatively coupled to the at least one capacitor. The capacitor is configured to store electrical energy and to provide the electrical energy to the plasma gun. The monitoring circuit is configured to measure a charge property of the at least one capacitor, determine a charge status of the at least one capacitor based on the measured charge property, and output at least one signal indicative of the charge status.

Abstract: A method is provided for monitoring and/or analysis of electrical machines during operation. An electrical machine has at least one generator with a shaft, an exciter system and drive device that drives the shaft. In this case, a first signal, which describes a voltage across a rotor winding, and a second signal, which describes a current flowing through the rotor winding, are measured simultaneously. The two signals are supplied to an analysis unit. The signals are split into individual frequency components in the analysis unit. The impedance of the rotor winding is then determined in order to identify fault states in the electrical machine.

Abstract: Circuits and methods for bidirectional power conversion are provided that allow mobile and other devices to generate power suitable to support multiple modes of operation. The bidirectional power converters of the present invention may operate in both step up and step down configurations rather than having a single dedicated conversion function and use many of the same components thereby reducing converter size and complexity. In some embodiments, the converter of the present invention may be used to provide a power component of a communications link, such as a USB link.

Abstract: A PWM control circuit of a power converter includes an upper-bridge element Q1, connected to a lower-bridge element Q2 by a node, which activates by a driver Q1 and Q2 for switching-on and switching-off; the driver is controlled by a PWM signal. The node further connects to an output inductor and an output capacitor and controls the current of the output inductor to charge the output capacitor to produce an output voltage VOUT. A virtual ripple current PWM circuit includes a DC reference voltage level unit, an integrator-plus-DC bias voltage eliminator, a phase synthesizer, a dual reference voltage level generator, and a PWM generator.

Abstract: A multiphase controller for a DC-to-DC power supply includes logic to estimate parameters for multiple phases that provide a combined output at a load. The estimated parameters include a current estimate and an effective resistance estimates for each phase so that a power estimate for each phase can be produced. The logic adjusts the operation of the phases using the power estimate for each phase.

Abstract: This invention offers a power supply circuit that is capable of improving a power factor as well as reducing a ripple current of an input/output of the power supply circuit due to switching of a switching device. The power supply circuit is provided with a first power supply circuit including first and second switching devices, a second power supply circuit including third and fourth switching devices and a switching control circuit. The switching control circuit controls the switching devices so that the first switching device and the third switching device are turned on and off at timings different from each other when an alternating current voltage from an alternating current power supply is positive, and the second switching device and the fourth switching device are turned on and off at timings different from each other when the alternating current voltage is negative.

Abstract: A substantially unconditionally stable LOD regulator includes has first and second current paths. The first current path provides a reference current. The second current path receives an input voltage for developing a differential current with respect to the reference current based on the input voltage. The second current path has a sense resistor for sensing the differential current. A first current source biases the first and second current paths. A third current path senses the differential current and develops the input voltage in response thereto to control the differential current. A second current source biases the second current path. A first voltage follower circuit receives a first voltage on a first side of the sense resistor to provide an analog voltage output, and a second voltage follower circuit receives a second voltage on a second side of the sense resistor to provide a digital voltage output.

Abstract: In a low drop out (LDO) regulator and a semiconductor device including the LDO regulator, the LDO regulator regulates a power supply voltage and applies the regulated power supply voltage to a load. The LDO regulator comprises: an output node connected to the load; a pass transistor that applies a power supply voltage to the output node; and a controller that generates a load enable signal enabling the load by delaying a regulator enable signal by a first delay time, and that increases a gate voltage of the pass transistor after receiving the regulator enable signal to thereby reduce a current flowing through the pass transistor.