Abstract: When a skewness of brightness of a print target image is a first skewness, print data is generated such that an ink amount of a metallic ink is a first amount. When the skewness of brightness is a second skewness that is larger than the first skewness, a print data is generated such that the ink amount is a second amount that is larger than the first amount.

Abstract: There is provided an image processing device which converts multi-gradation pixels configuring a multi-gradation image of image data to be used in a color image forming apparatus, into unit dither patterns. The image forming apparatus includes photosensitive members on which developer images are formed by supplying developer to electrostatic latent images, and an exposure device which exposes the photosensitive members. The developer images on the photosensitive members are transferred to a transferred medium which is moved while contacting the photosensitive members. The image processing device includes a processing unit which converts a multi-gradation pixel of a first color into unit dither patterns, each unit dither pattern consisting of a first line extending in a predetermined direction and a second line extending in a direction intersecting with the first line when a gradation value of the multi-gradation pixel is within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A control device mounted in an image forming apparatus includes a region searching for unit searching for a region adapted to measure colors in an image; a color measurement unit configured to measure colors of the superimposed color toner image in the region; a storage unit storing measured colors and densities proportional to area ratios of primary color toner images in the superimposed color toner image in the region; and a correction amount determination unit determine correction amounts corresponding to the setting values expressing the tone reproduction curves to minimize the difference between the measured colors and the reference colors.

Abstract: A process for securing a document including a step of printing a distribution of dots on said document, said printing, as a result of unanticipated unknowns in printing, causing an unpredictable variation, dot by dot, of at least one geometric characteristic of the printed dots and prior to said print step, a step generating said distribution of dots so that at least half the dots of said distribution are not laterally juxtaposed to four other dots of said dot distribution, and at least one dimension of at least one part of the dots of said distribution of dots is of the same order of magnitude as the average for the absolute value of said unpredictable variation. In embodiments, during the step generating the dot distribution, more than half the dots do not touch any other dot of said distribution.

Abstract: A laptop document scanner is disclosed comprising a laptop having a base portion, a display portion having a screen, and a hinging assembly. Said screen is capable of emitting light and sensing light. Said hinging assembly is capable of rotatably connecting said base portion to said display portion. Said base portion and said display portion are capable of rotatably transitioning between a closed-configuration and an open-configuration. Said screen is capable of displaying one or more images on said screen. Said screen is capable of scanning one or more images of one or more target objects. Said base portion and said display portion are capable of holding said one or more target objects while said screen is scanning said one or more images of said one or more target objects.

Abstract: An image capture apparatus includes: a light irradiation unit that irradiates an object with light; a reading unit that reads an image in accordance with reflected light of the light irradiated to the object; and an enhancement unit that enhances a predetermined spatial-frequency component of the image.

Abstract: A display/input device includes a storage section, a display section, a touch panel, a control section, and a recognition section. The storage section is configured to store destination data indicating address information. The display section is configured to display a screen. The touch panel is configured to detect user's touched point. The control section is configured to allow the display section to display a list for specifying a destination name on the basis of the destination data. The recognition section is configured to recognize a moving direction in which the touched point moves. When the recognition section recognizes the moving direction of the touched point, the control section allows the display section to display the list in plural pages in the moving direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image reading controller including an output unit that outputs plural control signals for controlling turning on and off of a light emitting unit of an image reading unit including the light emitting unit and a light receiving unit on respective transmission paths, the plural control signals satisfying at least one of a first condition that respective transmission paths are separated from each other by a predetermined distance or more and a second condition that types of the respective transmission paths are different from each other; and a controller that controls turning on and off of the light emitting unit on the basis of the plural control signals output from the output unit and input through the respective transmission paths.

Abstract: An image reading device includes a reading unit having a light-receiving unit and a light-emitting unit emitting a plurality of lights of different colors toward a reading position. An opposing member is disposed opposite the reading unit with the reading position interposed therebetween. The controller controls the light-emitting unit to emit the lights and the light-receiving unit to receive the lights thereby acquiring an intensity of each light. The controller determines that a sheet is not present when relationships among intensities of the plurality of lights are same as the first intensity relationships. The first intensity relationships are defined by intensities of the plurality of lights reflected by the opposing member and received by the light-receiving unit. The first intensity relationships are different from intensity relationships of the plurality of lights reflected by a sheet present at the reading position and received by the light-receiving unit.

Abstract: An image reading device conveys a first sheet and second sheet in a conveying direction. The first sheet has short sides extending in the conveying direction and long sides extending in a main scanning direction. The second sheet has long sides extending in the conveying direction and short sides extending in the main scanning direction. The image reading device reads an image on a sheet at a reading position and detects the sheet at a detecting position. A distance between the reading position and the detecting position is smaller than a difference between the short side of first sheet and the long side of second sheet. The image reading device rotates the read image if a sheet is not detected when the predetermined length worth of image is read. The read image is not rotated if a sheet is detected when the predetermined length worth of image is read.

Abstract: A technique is provided for enhancing the background of an original document image. In the case of a black-and-white image, the background color of the original document image is detected, the desired enhanced background color of the original document image is determined from a background pixel value Pb that is in the center of the background color range, and the original document image is enhanced to the desired enhanced background color. However, if the background of the original document image is in color, the technique further includes obtaining color image histograms of red, blue and green colors of the original document image, smoothing the histograms, and comparing the histograms to determine if they have the same shape.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of processing signals from a large-format scanner comprising a first and a second image sensor that provide respective image signals recorded at respective areas of a scanned medium, where a portion of the respective areas is recorded also by the other of the respective image sensors, whereby image data from overlapping and non-overlapping areas are present in the respective signals; the method comprising: determining a first and a second level of intensity from image signals from the first and the second image sensor at the overlapping area, respectively; determining a compensation value by processing the first level of intensity and the second level of intensity to determine a discrepancy between the level of intensities; applying compensation values to image data from overlapping and non-overlapping areas to provide compensated image data to compensate for a discrepancy between levels of intensity from the first and the second image sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a container comprising a multilayer sheet, the multilayer sheet comprising a substrate layer with an optical element being formed by a reflective microstructure, and a print layer comprising add-on material. The multilayer sheet further comprises a first area, wherein the optical element is provided, and a second area, wherein add-on material is provided and wherein no microstructure is provided, and a transition area between the first area and the second area. The transition area comprises a transition microstructure that is formed in the substrate layer, wherein the transition microstructure provides for a substantial diffuse reflection of light. The invention further relates to a method for production of a multilayer sheet with an optical element.

Abstract: A laser processing apparatus including a laser light source, a phase modulation type spatial light modulator, a driving unit, a control unit, and an imaging optical system. A storage unit that is included in the driving unit stores a plurality of basic holograms corresponding to a plurality of basic processing patterns and a focusing hologram corresponding to a Fresnel lens pattern. The control unit arranges in parallel two or more basic holograms selected from the plurality of basic holograms stored in the storage unit, overlaps the focusing hologram with each of the basic holograms arranged in parallel to form the whole hologram, and presents the formed whole hologram to the spatial light modulator.

Abstract: In a wavelength swept light source using a polygon mirror in a well-known art, an oscillation wavelength roughly linearly varies in an upwardly slight convex shape with respect to time. On the other hand, in a wavelength swept light source of SS-OCT, the wavelength is required to vary so that a wavenumber (inverse of wavelength) linearly varies on a time axis. The wavelength swept light source of the well-known art has had a drawback that such wavelength variation cannot be implemented; non-linear distortion occurs in a resultant OCT image; and thereby, a point spread function cannot be kept sharp.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image display apparatus, including: a light source; and a scanning section adapted to scan a light beam emitted from the light source; the scanning section including (a) a first mirror, (b) a first light deflection section, (c) a second mirror, and (d) a second light deflection section; the second light deflection section including an external light receiving face; the second light deflection section having a plurality of translucent films provided in the inside thereof; the translucent films having a light reflectivity R2 at a wavelength of the light beam which satisfies: R2?k×{(P2/t2)×tan(?2)}1/2 where k is a constant higher 0 but lower than 1, P2 an array pitch of the translucent films, t2 a thickness of the second light deflection section, and ?2 an angle formed between the light emitting face and the translucent films.

Abstract: Various light-scanning systems that can be used to perform rapid point-by-point illumination of a focal plane within a specimen are disclosed. The light-scanning systems can be incorporated in confocal microscopy instruments to create an excitation beam pivot axis that lies within an aperture at the back plate of an objective lens. The light-scanning systems receive a beam of excitation light from a light source and direct the excitation beam to pass through the pivot point in the aperture of the back plate of the objective lens while continuously scanning the focused excitation beam across a focal plane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for forming an interference grating on a sample, the device comprising a laser emitting a light beam of wavelength ?, a beam splitter plate splitting the beam emitted by the laser into first and second beams (11, 14), the first beam (11) being deflected in a first direction, a first stationary deflection mirror for deflecting the first beam onto a point P of the sample at a first constant angle of incidence ?1, and at least one second stationary deflection mirror for deflecting the second beam along a final path (17) that reaches said point P of the sample at a second angle of incidence ?2 in order to form an interference grating on the sample at a pitch that depends on the angular difference ? between the first and second angles of incidence ?1 and ?2, the path of the second beam being characterized in that it includes a movable deflection mirror (7, 7?) to direct and deflect the second beam from a plurality of first points of impact (71) from which the second beam (15) is d

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrochemical device (100) having electrically controllable optical and/or energy transmission properties comprising a substrate (40), a functional system (60) formed on the substrate and a cover film (56) formed on the functional system. The functional system comprises a bottom electrode coating (46), formed on the substrate, a top electrode coating (54) and at least one electrochemically active film (48, 52) located between the two electrode coatings, the electro-chemically active film being able to switch reversibly between a first state and a second state having optical and/or energy transmission properties different from the first state. The cover film defines at least one surface cavity (66) that passes through the cover film without penetrating the top electrode coating and the device comprises electrical connection means (70) arranged at least partially in at least one surface cavity for electrical contact with the top electrode coating.

Abstract: A heat treated electrochromic device comprising an anodic complementary counter electrode layer comprised of a mixed tungsten-nickel oxide and lithium, which provides a high transmission in the fully intercalated state and which is capable of long term stability, is disclosed. Methods of making an electrochromic device comprising an anodic complementary counter electrode comprised of a mixed tungsten-nickel oxide are also disclosed.

Abstract: A porous electrode sheet (1) includes a resin film (2) being transparent and having insulating properties, and a transparent electrode (3) placed on one face (2a) of the resin film (2). The resin film (2) is provided with a plurality of through holes (21) extending linearly from the one face (2a) to the other face (2b). The transparent electrode (3) has openings (31) at positions corresponding respectively to the through holes (21). The through holes (21) of the resin film (2) and the openings (31) of the transparent electrode (3) communicate with each other, and thereby form passages (10) penetrating the porous electrode sheet (1) in the thickness direction.

Abstract: A multilayer laminate and, more particularly a variable transmission window, which comprises: a) a thermochromic layer b) a photochromic layer wherein the thermochromic layer exhibits a net increase in its ability to absorb UV, visible, and/or near infrared light energy as the temperature of the system increases and a net decrease in its ability to absorb UV, visible and/or near infrared light energy as the temperature of the system decreases within the active range of the thermochromic layer.

Abstract: Provided is a flexible display device including a display body having flexibility; an actuator for changing and driving the display body; and an initial shape forming substrate for maintaining an initial state of the display body before the display body is changed and driven. The flexible display device allows a user to exactly control a change state of the flexible display device by driving the actuator and to decrease power consumption for changing and driving the flexible display device. Thus, by using the flexible display device, user convenience can be improved and the flexible display device can be driven with low power consumption.

Abstract: A method of actuating micromirror elements of a digital micromirror device is disclosed. A logic state is stored in the micromirror element including applying a negative voltage more negative than about ?5 volts to the micromirror element, applying a positive voltage less than about 5 volts to a first electrode, and applying ground to a second electrode. A first logic state is switched to a second logic state with an inverted waveform, including applying ground to the first electrode, applying a positive voltage less than 5 volts to the second electrode, applying a negative BSA voltage to the first electrode, applying a positive reset voltage pulse greater than about 10 volts, removing the negative BSA voltage, and applying the negative voltage to the micromirror element.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a light control device having a fast light control of a transmitting state and a light shielding state and a retention of the transmitting state at a voltage non-applying state which are compatible with each other, and is to provide a driving method thereof. The light control device comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate, a first electrode formed on said first substrate, a second electrode formed on said second substrate, a suspension, and a driving circuit, wherein said suspension comprises a light controlling particle and a dispersion medium, said light controlling particle has an optical anisotropy and is electrostatically charged, an electric potential difference is arranged between said first electrode and said second electrode, and said second electrode is constituted of periodically aligned electrodes having a same electric potential.

Abstract: A TFT array substrate, an electronic paper display panel and method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The electronic paper display panel includes: a first transparent substrate, and an array of storage capacitors located on an inner side of the first transparent substrate. Each of the storage capacitors includes a common electrode located on the first transparent substrate, a transparent capacitor medium layer located on the common electrode, and a pixel electrode (44) located on the transparent capacitor medium layer. The display panel also includes an electronic paper film located on the TFT array substrate, a transparent electrode located on the electronic paper film, and a second transparent substrate located on the transparent electrode. A double-sided display may be realized by the electronic paper display panel.

Abstract: A color display and an electronic apparatus including the color display are described herein. The color display includes a first substrate having an illuminating area, a color filter unit, a plurality of power sources and a colored fluid. The color filter unit has a first and second electrode on the illuminating area, wherein the first electrode includes a plurality of patterned electrodes. Each of the patterned electrodes of the first electrode is connected to one of the power sources, whereby different voltages are applied on the patterned electrodes.

Abstract: A method, system and article of manufacture for amplification of light for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The method and system include a source of input light, a grating with grooves therein, a nanoparticle array disposed in the grooves with the nanoparticles and grating having a variety of selectable parameters. The combination of the nanoparticles and selected characteristics, including generating hot spots, and the features of the grating enable enhanced amplification of the input light signal to provide an output Raman signal of greatly increased intensity for Raman spectroscopy.

Abstract: A Raman amplifier using semiconductor lasers of Fabry-Perot, DFB, or DBR type or MOPAs, to output pumping lights having different central wavelengths, an interval between adjacent central wavelengths greater than 6 nm and smaller than 35 nm. An optical repeater is adapted to compensate loss in an optical fibre transmission line by the Raman amplifier. A Raman amplification method wherein the shorter the central wavelength of the pumping light, the higher light power of the pumping light. In the Raman amplifier, a certain pumping 1 wavelength being a first channel, and second to n-th channels are arranged with an interval of about 1 THz toward a longer wavelength side, pumping lights having wavelengths corresponding to the first to n-th channels are multiplexed, and pumping light having a wavelength spaced apart from the n-th channel by 2 THz or more toward the longer wavelength side is combined with the multiplexed light, thereby forming the pumping light source.

Abstract: A filter reflects first light having a first wavelength, and transmits second light having a second wavelength shorter than the first wavelength. The filter includes a plurality of plate members positioned parallel to each other with gaps therebetween in a first direction. An enveloping surface formed by end surfaces of the plurality of plate members forms a flat surface, which is nonparallel to the first direction. The filter transmits the second light to the second direction.

Abstract: An IR-cut filter includes a substrate and a film. The substrate made of sapphire. The film is covered on the substrate and is configured for increasing reflectivity of infrared lights and filtering the infrared lights. The film includes a plurality of high refractive index layers and a plurality of low refractive index layers alternately stacked on the substrate. The refractive index of the high refractive index layers is greater than about 2.0, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layers is lower than about 1.5.

Abstract: A mirror (1a; 1a?; 1b; 1b?; 1c; 1c?) with a substrate (S) and a layer arrangement configured such that light (32) having a wavelength below 250 nm and incident on the mirror at at least an angle of incidence of between 0° and 30° is reflected with more than 20% of its intensity. The layer arrangement has at least one surface layer system (P??) having a periodic sequence of at least two periods (P3) of individual layers, wherein the periods (P3) include a high refractive index layer (H??) and a low refractive index layer (L??). The layer arrangement has at least one graphine layer. Use of graphene (G, SPL, B) on optical elements reduces surface roughness to below 0.1 nm rms HSFR and/or protects the EUV element against a radiation-induced volume change of more than 1%. Graphene is also employed as a barrier layer to prevent layer interdiffusion.

Abstract: Provided are a reticle unit that can secure excellent visibility of a reticle regardless of the background and an optical instrument including the reticle unit. A reticle unit 30 used in an optical instrument such as a rifle scope 50 includes: a reflector 32 provided with a concave portion 32b on one of surfaces of a plate-like optical member, wherein at least part of a side surface of the concave portion 32b is a reflection surface 32c; a light source 33 that is arranged laterally to the reflector 32 and that emits light; and a light collector 34 that is arranged between the light source 33 and the reflector 32 and that collects the light from the light source 33 to guide the light to the reflection surface 32c, wherein at least part of the light incident on the reflection surface 32c is totally reflected by the reflection surface 32c and emitted from the other surface of the reflector 32.

Abstract: An inverted microscope that allows observation of a specimen from underneath includes an objective lens holding unit that holds an objective lens configured to collect at least observation light from the specimen, a tube lens configured to focus the observation light collected by the objective lens, a branching unit configured to branch an optical path of the observation light from the tube lens, and an observation image switching device that is removably provided in a microscope main body between the objective lens and the tube lens and is configured to switch between wavelengths of an observation image or between magnifications of the observation image.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus includes a stage and a revolver that holds objective lenses. At least one of the stage and the revolver constitutes an electric movable device that is electrically operated. The microscope apparatus further includes an input device for inputting a command for operating the electric movable device, a manual focusing device for adjusting a relative distance between the stage and the objective lenses, an operation control device for controlling operation of the electric movable device, a state determining device for determining whether the electric movable device is in an operable state or not, and a restriction device for restricting an output of a control signal for commanding the operation to the operation control device when the command for operating the electric movable device is input if the electric movable device is in an inoperable state.

Abstract: A binocular-type viewing apparatus designed in such a manner that a user, wanting to view an object located at a distance above the viewer's horizontal line of sight, need only direct his/her view downward into the apparatus to view the elevated object. Thus the eyepiece component has an optical axis inclined downwardly and an objective optical component of the apparatus has an optical axis inclined upwardly. An optical structure is disposed between the objective and the eyepiece to redirect the image optical path from the objective optical component to the eyepiece component and into the viewer's eyes. The binocular may have a fixed deviated optical axis or a variably adjustable optical axis from in-line up to or exceeding 90 degrees.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, the display unit includes pixels, each pixel includes sub-pixels having different colors, arranged in a matrix in a first direction and in a second direction substantially orthogonal, to the first direction. The light beam controller faces the display unit, extends in a third direction making an angle smaller than 90° with the second direction, includes light beam control elements periodically arranged at a first pitch in the first direction and at a second pitch in the second direction, and can control direction of light beams from the display unit. The first and second pitches make a substantially equilateral triangle by Mining the nearest same-color sub-pixels. When “s” represents the number of the sub-pixels included in the pixels along the first direction, the first pitch is 5/s or greater of a third pitch of each pixel.

Abstract: A three dimensional image display apparatus includes a panel unit, a receiving container and an anti-shock part. The panel unit includes a display panel and an optical panel. The optical panel sorts a left eye image and a right eye image. The receiving container surrounds a side of the panel unit. The anti-shock part is disposed between the panel unit and the receiving container, and restricts movement of the panel unit toward the receiving container.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antiglare film having an excellent antiglare property and being capable of suitably preventing the occurrence of scintillation and a decrease in contrast. The present invention provides an antiglare film comprising a light-transmitting substrate and a diffusion layer, the diffusion layer having a surface roughness on a surface thereof and being formed on at least one side of the light-transmitting substrate, wherein the diffusion layer contains a cured product of a binder component and organic fine particles (A) dispersed in the cured product of the binder component, and the following expression (1) is satisfied: |NA?nb|>|nA?nb|>0??expression (1), where NA represents a refractive index of the organic fine particles (A) before the organic fine particles (A) are introduced into the diffusion layer, nA represents a refractive index of the organic fine particles (A) in the diffusion layer, and nb represents a refractive index in the cured product of the binder component.

Abstract: A polarization recycling structure that can recycle polarized light efficiently; according to its technical means, said polarization recycling structure is provided with an incident end enabling incident of unpolarized light and an outgoing end enabling radiation of vertical polarized light; it comprises: a first optical structure set adjacent to the incident end, a second optical structure adjacent to the outgoing end and a main gap set between the first and second optical structures; it is characterized by that: said first optical structure comprises of a first lens array and a first polarized grating that are arranged from the adjacent incident end to the main gap; said second optical structure comprises of a second polarized grating, a secondary gap, a louvered multi-twist retarder and a second lens array that are arranged from the adjacent main gap to the outgoing end.

Abstract: A retardation plate includes a first substrate, a retardation film disposed on the first substrate, a second substrate larger than the first substrate and covering the retardation film, a third substrate disposed such that the first substrate lies between the second substrate and the third substrate, and an inorganic sealing member air-tightly binding the second substrate and the third substrate together so as to air-tightly enclose the retardation film.

Abstract: The present invention on provides retroreflective sheeting (100) having at least two types of set images (L1, L2) adjacent to one another each termed as a set of a number of points of image (P1, P2) that are directionally visible in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A temporary, moveable marker for directing emergency aircraft to a landing zone employs a set of four panels which are foldable into a compact configuration. These panels are deployed in a substantially rectangular configuration to provide markings for an emergency landing zone and are attached by three hinges. This creates two panels with hinges on the two interior sides of the respective rectangles and two panels, each with one hinge on one interior side. All panels have aligning apertures so that the panels can be collapsed on top of each other to form one rectangle with an aperture through which a screw can be placed and affixed with a wing-nut on the other end, thus keeping the four panels attached. The collapsed set of four panels lie flat with at least one handle on an exterior side to allow for easy storage and transportation.

Abstract: An optical shuffle system includes a plurality of sources that are to output respective beams of light and a plurality of receivers that are to receive respective beams of light, wherein the plurality of receivers are spaced apart from the plurality of sources. The optical shuffle system further includes an output lens formed of a plurality of output sub-wavelength grating (SWG) sections, wherein each of the plurality of output SWG sections is positioned in a respective output optical path of the plurality of sources, and wherein each of the plurality of output SWG sections is to collimate and direct light received from respective ones of the plurality of sources toward respective ones of the plurality of receivers.

Abstract: A projection lens for projecting image information displayed on a reduction side conjugate position to a magnification side conjugate position, including a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, a positive third lens group, and a positive fourth lens group arranged in this order from the magnification side, which satisfies predetermined conditional expressions.

Abstract: A process to manufacture a 3D mold to fabricate a high-throughput and low cost sub-micron 3D structure product is disclosed. The process integrates use of 2-photon laser lithography and 3D write technology to make a 3D mold of each layer of the 3D structure product, and then use nanoimprinting to form a sheet of polymer film of each layer of the 3D structure from the said 3D mold of that layer. Each layer of the sheet of polymer film is then fabricated into the sub-micron 3D structure product. The 3D mold of each layer of a high-throughput and low cost sub-micron 3D structure product, is further used to make master molds which is then used to form a sheet of polymer film of each layer of the 3D structure to fabricate the sub-micron 3D structure product. Applications using this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical image capturing system includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element and a fifth lens element and each of the first through fifth lens elements is single and non-cemented. The first lens element with positive refractive power has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface. The second lens element has refractive power. The third lens element has positive refractive power. The fourth lens element with negative refractive power has a concave object-side surface and a convex image-side surface, and the surfaces of the fourth lens element are aspheric. The fifth lens element with refractive power has a concave image-side surface, and the surfaces of the fifth lens element are aspheric. The fifth lens element has at least one inflection point formed on the image-side surface thereof.

Abstract: An imaging lens including the first˜fifth lens arranged in sequence from an object side to an image side is provided. The first lens has at least one aspheric surface. The second lens with negative optical power has at least one aspheric surface and a convex surface facing towards the object side. The third lens with positive optical power has at least one aspheric surface and a concave surface facing towards the object side. The fourth lens with negative optical power has at least one aspheric surface and a concave surface facing towards the image side. The fifth lens with positive optical power has at least one aspheric surface and a convex surface facing towards the object side. By the above arrangement, the imaging lens has a shorter optical total length and a larger aperture for enhancing the image quality.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical system for a camera. The optical system for a camera includes: a first lens having positive refractive power and a meniscus shape concave toward an image; a second lens having negative refractive power and a shape concave toward the image; a third lens having the positive refractive power and a shape convex toward an object; a fourth lens having the positive refractive power and a shape convex toward the image; and a fifth lens having the negative refractive power, a shape convex toward the object and concave to the image, and one or more inflection point provided on an image surface.

Abstract: A lens apparatus includes a diaphragm unit that is driven in a first driving direction and a second driving direction, a driving unit that drives the diaphragm unit based on a driving instruction, a storage unit that stores a first driving instruction value for performing the driving in the first driving direction, and a second driving instruction value for performing the driving in the second driving direction, and a control unit that outputs a driving instruction for driving the diaphragm unit, wherein the control unit outputs, when driving the diaphragm unit in the first driving direction, the driving instruction based on the first driving instruction value or the like, and outputs, when driving the diaphragm unit in the second driving direction, the driving instruction based on the second driving instruction value or the like.