Abstract: A method includes determining that a first station has been allocated a first time period to transmit over a shared medium in a network. The method includes transmitting, from the first station to a second station over the shared medium during the first time period, wherein stations other than the first station and the second station refrain from transmitting over the shared medium during the first time period. The method includes receiving, from the second station, a request message to allow the second station to transmit during the first time period and a requested amount of time to transmit. The method includes, in response to allowing the second station to transmit during the first time period, determining an authorized amount of time for the second station to transmit during the first time period, and transmitting an authorization message for the second station to transmit and the authorized amount of time.

Abstract: Systems and methods for allocating network bandwidth between a plurality of networks. Requests for bandwidth allocation from other networks can be received. A coexistence frame requesting an allocation of bandwidth for a local network can be generated based upon the bandwidth allocation requests received from other networks. The coexistence frame can be transmitted, and utilization of the requested allocation can be delayed by a reservation period.

Abstract: A dual channel mode of operation (DCM) for a home entertainment network that can provide aggregate throughput associated with channel bonding without requiring that every device in the network be capable of channel bonding.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein for MAC processing for efficient use of high throughput systems and that may be backward compatible with various types of legacy systems. In one aspect, a data transmission structure comprises a consolidated poll and one or more frames transmitted in accordance with the consolidated poll. In another aspect, a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) data transmission structure comprises a pilot, a consolidated poll, and zero or more access point to remote station frames in accordance with the consolidated poll. In one aspect, frames are transmitted sequentially with no or substantially reduced interframe spacing. In another aspect, a guard interframe spacing may be introduced between frames transmitted from different sources, or with substantially different power levels. In another aspect, a single preamble is transmitted in association with one or more frames. In another aspect, a block acknowledgement is transmitted subsequent to the transmission of one or more sequential frames.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods implement aggregation frames and allocation frames. The aggregation frames include a plurality of MSDUs or fragments thereof aggregated or otherwise combined together. An aggregation frame makes more efficient use of the wireless communication resources. The allocation frame defines a plurality of time intervals. The allocation frame specifies a pair of stations that are permitted to communicate with each other during each time interval as well as the antenna configuration to be used for the communication. This permits stations to know ahead of time when they are to communicate, with which other stations and the antenna configuration that should be used. A buffered traffic field can also be added to the frames to specify how much data remains to be transmitted following the current frame. This enables network traffic to be scheduled more effectively.

Abstract: Representative implementations of devices and techniques provide communication between networked nodes operating on a communication network medium. In an implementation, a node generates a broadcast frame that includes at least a preamble and a payload. The preamble of the broadcast frame may include supplemental information. The supplemental information may be associated with one or more symbols of the preamble. The supplemental information may contain predetermined header information for use by nodes operating on the communication network medium.

Abstract: Methods and communication systems are presented, in which an interleaver depth is adjusted.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is capable of transmitting data at a first frequency and second frequency to a receiving apparatus. A transmitter of the transmitting apparatus transmits a predetermined wideband signal, in a first time period in a frequency band which does not include the first frequency and in a second time period in a frequency band which does not include the second frequency. A quality measuring unit of the receiving apparatus measures the quality of communication with the transmitting apparatus based on the wideband signal received in the first and second time periods.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method for enabling multicast synchronization of initially unicasted content. Multiple unicast streams are synchronized in order to convert the unicast streams into a multicast stream. Each unicast stream may be accelerated or slowed down in relation to a reference stream to a common point within each stream upon which the unicast streams are replaced by a multicast stream of the same content.

Abstract: A communications network includes multiple distributed nodes that are coupled by a circuit-switched network. To improve efficiency, a plurality of the nodes are associated with a single source synchronization block that injects timing messages over circuits in the circuit-switched network to the plurality of nodes. Each of the plurality of nodes is associated with a timing extraction and recovery block that extracts information from the timing messages injected by the source synchronization block to synchronize a local clock in each node to the frequency and phase of a clock received by the source synchronization block.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that facilitates multiplexing low-speed Ethernet channels onto a high-speed channel. During operation, the system receives a number of low-speed Ethernet channels. Next, the system derives N bit streams from the number of low-speed Ethernet channels, and feeds each bit stream to an input of a serializer, which is conventionally used to serialize bits from a single channel. Each input of the serializer comprises one bit of an N-bit-wide parallel input bus, and the data rate of the serializer output matches the data rate of the high-speed channel. The system then transmits the output of the serializer onto the high-speed channel.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for stabilizing a pulse of a fiber-type femtosecond laser, and more particularly, to an apparatus for stabilizing a pulse of a fiber-type femtosecond laser, which adjusts a distance between a saturable absorption material and an optical fiber connection unit of the femtosecond laser to automatically perform mode-locking, thereby obtaining a laser pulse stabilized for a long time, and a method for stabilizing the pulse of the fiber-type femtosecond laser. The apparatus for stabilizing a pulse of a fiber-type femtosecond laser in a fiber-type femtosecond laser system including a pump laser (100) and a fiber cavity (200) includes a distance adjustment part (300) adjusting a distance (d) between a saturable absorption material (700) and a connection unit of an optical fiber (310) which are provided within the fiber cavity (200).

Abstract: In one embodiment, the instant invention is an optical structure that includes: an optical active medium of a solid state laser, where the optical active medium has a first coefficient of thermal expansion; and a protective structure that is directly cladded a portion of the optical active medium, where the protective structure has a second coefficient of thermal expansion which matches the first coefficient of thermal expansion of the optical active medium, and where the protective structure is transparent to a wavelength that is within an absorption band of the optical active medium so that the optical structure has: the optical active medium that is protected from a physical damage, and the optical active medium that is capable of generating a laser beam having a first energy that is larger than a second energy generated by a control optical structure having the optical active medium without the protective structure.

Abstract: A device for emitting a laser beam comprises, in a housing, a laser-emitting component emitting a laser beam and mounted on a base, a heat-dissipating component, at least one collimating lens, and a lens mounting. The heat-dissipating component dissipates the heat produced by the laser of the laser-emitting component and secures the base of the laser-emitting component. The heat-dissipating component has a positioning mark and at least three holes for centering pins machined together with the positioning mark. The lens mounting secures the lens opposite the laser-emitting component and is positioned relative to the heat-dissipating component by at least three centering pins positioned in the holes of the heat-dissipating component.

Abstract: Distributed feedback-laser diodes are provided. The distributed feedback-laser diode may include a substrate, a lower cladding layer having a grating on the substrate, an active layer disposed on the lower cladding layer, a first upper cladding layer disposed on the active layer, a phase-shift region extending in a first direction on the first upper cladding layer, and a ridge waveguide layer extending in a second direction crossing the first direction on the phase-shift region.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor laser diode comprises a substrate; an n-side nitride semiconductor layer containing an n-type impurity and disposed on the substrate; an active layer having a light emitting layer including InxAlyGa1?x?yN (0<x<1, 0?y<1, and 0<x+y<1) and disposed on the n-side nitride semiconductor layer; and a p-side nitride semiconductor layer containing a p-type impurity and disposed on the active layer. The lasing wavelength of the nitride semiconductor laser diode is 500 nm or greater.

Abstract: A laser device for emitting THz waves includes a heterostructure with a substantially cylindrical shape including a first layer in an optically nonlinear semiconductor material including emitters to emit in two whispering gallery modes that are confined in the first layer and enabling the generation within the first layer of radiation in an electromagnetic THz whispering gallery mode, a second and a third layer in a semiconductor material each presenting an optical index that is smaller than the index of the material used for the first layer and a metal layer situated at one end of the heterostructure. The heterostructure includes in its center a hole with a substantially cylindrical shape extending over the entire height of the heterostructure.

Abstract: A laser diode has a first n-conducting cladding layer, a first n-conducting waveguide layer arranged therein, an active layer is suitable for generating radiation arranged on the first waveguide layer, a second p-conducting waveguide layer, arranged on the active layer, and a second p-conducting cladding layer, arranged on the second waveguide layer the sum of the layer thickness of the first waveguide layer, the layer thickness of the active layer and the layer thickness of the second waveguide layer is greater than 1 ?m and the layer thickness of the second waveguide layer is less than 150 nm. The maximum mode intensity of the fundamental mode is in a region outside the active layer, and the difference between the refractive index of the first waveguide layer and the refractive index of the first cladding layer is between 0.04 and 0.01.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing the M2 value of a single asymmetric laser emitter while maintaining the power output of the emitter. In some embodiments the brightness of the output of such a system is equivalent to a portioned section of the single laser emitter. A WBC step is performed along a portioned or non-portioned single laser emitter to reduce the M2 value.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dosimeter for measuring exposure to heat over time in combination with peak temperature indicators and reversible temperature indicators. The preferred temperature indicator tag is credit card sized and comprises four time-temperature dosimeters. Each dosimeter has a wick in contact with a separate reservoir containing a mix of a colored dye, a wax and an amorphous polymer to indicate a distinct temperature range when the mix melts. The wicks are preferably made of porous paper with a pore size around 8 microns to allow for proper capillary action along its length. An adhesive, except where each wick contacts its respective reservoir and at a vent, preferably seals each wick. The tag preferably has a plurality of peak temperature indicators where each indicator has a blend of a dye, a wax and a polymer for a temperature indication range. The tag also preferably has a plurality of reversible temperature sensors.

Abstract: A temperature monitoring device that can automatically collect temperature data and wirelessly interface with a workflow management system. The device is provided in a portable housing and incorporates one or more temperature sensors, such as a physical probe, infrared sensor, or RFID transceiver, along with an interface for wirelessly communicating with a host personal device that has been programmed with temperature management tasks. The device may be used to automatically collect temperatures and provide wirelessly provide the data to the host for monitoring and tracking as part of a comprehensive workflow management system that includes food safety monitoring and compliance programs.

Abstract: The output of optical computing devices containing an integrated computational element can be corrected when an interferent substance or condition is present.

Abstract: A moisture sensor arrangement including a plate-like semiconductor substrate and an integrated signal processing component disposed on a first side of the semiconductor substrate. The moisture sensor arrangement including a capacitive moisture sensor connected electrically conductively to the integrated signal processing component, wherein the capacitive moisture sensor is disposed on either the first side or a second side of the semiconductor substrate that is opposite the first side of the semiconductor substrate. In addition, the plate-like semiconductor substrate includes 1) plated through-holes, by way of which elements on the first side and the second side of the semiconductor substrate are electrically connectable to one another; and 2) a temperature sensor integrated with the integrated signal processing component.

Abstract: Methods of monitoring operation of a refrigerant-cycle system are disclosed. The methods include: measuring a first pressure of refrigerant input to a compressor of the refrigerant-cycle system using a first pressure sensor; measuring a first temperature of the refrigerant input to the compressor using a first temperature sensor; measuring a second pressure of refrigerant output by the compressor and input to a condenser of the refrigerant-cycle system using a second pressure sensor; measuring a second temperature of refrigerant output by the condenser using a second temperature sensor; measuring a third pressure of refrigerant output by the condenser using a third pressure sensor; and measuring current to the compressor using an electrical sensor. The methods further include identifying conditions of the refrigerant-cycle system based on the first temperature, the first pressure, the second temperature, the second pressure, the third pressure, and the current.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and discloses a method and a device for transmitting/receiving a downlink reference signal in a wireless communication system. The present invention provides a way for maintaining orthogonality of a reference signal between cells in a multi-cell operation.

Abstract: An ultra-wide band frequency modulator is disclosed. The frequency modulator includes a direct modulation phase lock loop that receives a small component. The frequency modulator also includes a delay module that produces a plurality of delay lines. The frequency modulator further includes an edge selector that receives a large component and the plurality of delay lines.

Abstract: A receiver circuit provides improved noise estimation processing by at least partially removing receiver frequency error bias. An initial noise estimate is compensated using an error term based on the observed receiver frequency error, and the resulting compensated noise estimate can be used to improve other signal processing in the receiver. For example, the receiver may use compensated noise estimates to generate signal quality estimates, e.g., Signal-to-Interference (SIR) estimates, having improved accuracy. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver may use the compensated noise estimates to generate RAKE combining weights having improved noise suppression characteristics. In an exemplary embodiment, the initial noise estimate is a noise correlation matrix generated from a received reference signal, e.g., pilot symbols, and the error term is an error matrix directly generated using the observed receiver frequency error and channel estimates taken from the reference signal.

Abstract: GPS aided precision timing uses GPS to generate synchronized timing pulses by various nodes. One of the nodes is designated as a master node and the remaining nodes are designated as auxiliary nodes. Each node tracks the carrier phases of satellite signals transmitted by a plurality of GPS satellites relative to a carrier phase of a reference oscillator in the respective node. The master node provides the tracked phase measurements along with its position information to all of the auxiliary nodes. Each auxiliary node determines the phase offset of its reference oscillator relative to the reference oscillator of the master node to “align” its phase to the phase of the master node. The phase of a time pulse signal generator in each node is then aligned to the phase of its reference oscillator for generating synchronized timing pulses based on the aligned phases.

Abstract: At least one example embodiment discloses a method of controlling a system. The method includes determining a constant number of bits for each of a plurality of tones, each constant number of bits being constant, obtaining a single parameter from a user of the system, the single parameter being a code rate and transmitting, to the user, data as information bits in the plurality of tones across a channel based on the single parameter, each of the plurality of tones including the constant number of bits.

Abstract: Transmitting beamforming can steer a transmitting signal to reduce the interference between spaces of a MIMO system and achieves constructive combination at the receiver. One method of steering matrix calculation includes using singular value decomposition (SVD). Notably, the singular values of SVD, which represent the stream strengths in a MIMO system, are in descending order. In equal modulation, signal strength degradation makes the receive EVM of the latest stream poor and increases the probability of packet error. MMSE can be used to weight the steering vectors of the steering matrix calculated in SVD. This weighting of the singular values can balance the SNR of the streams, thereby improving packet error rate.

Abstract: A hybrid platform for a software defined radio (SDR) includes a receive/transmit antenna, a radio frequency (RF) frontend, a baseband processor, and a SDR positioned along a signal path that couples the antenna, the RF frontend, and the baseband processor. The SDR includes a transmit processing chain, a receive processing chain, and a FPGA that includes control logic to reduce distortion caused by signal transmission within the SDR.

Abstract: A wireless signal transceiving apparatus is provided. The wireless signal transceiving apparatus includes a signal transceiving-end circuit, a transceiving amplify module, an output amplify module, a mixer, a frequency selecting filter, switch modules a first base-band signal transceiver and a second base-band signal transceiver. The transceiving amplify module receives and amplifies a signal from an antenna or the mixer. The output amplify module amplifies the signal from the mixer. The frequency selecting filter filters the signal from the mixer, the first base-band signal transceiver or the second base-band signal transceiver according to the mode selecting signal. The first base-band signal transceiver and the second base-band signal transceiver receive the signal generated by the frequency selecting filter and/or respectively transmit the first and the second base-band output signal. The switch modules turn on or turn off transmission paths for the signal according to the mode selecting signal.

Abstract: A method of data transmission includes determining the number of layers, generating mapping symbols by mapping modulation symbols for a first codeword and modulation symbols for a second codeword to each layer, and transmitting the mapping symbols through a plurality of antennas. At least one of the first codeword and the second codeword is mapped to at least 3 layers and the number of layers is larger than 3.

Abstract: A module for an active antenna system for receiving and transmitting radio signals sealed in a housing. It comprises a power connector placed at the outside of the housing for supplying the module with supply power; at least one micro radio for receiving/sending digital radio signals having a digital down-converter/a digital up-converter and a control signal converter. The micro radio converts the digital radio signals to analogue RF (radio frequency) signals and vice versa and is connected to the internal bus. At least one antenna element is connected to the micro radio and an internal data bus for the exchange of digital radio data and control data is connected to micro radio and hub. By placing two or more modules next to each other on a frame these modules form an active antenna system.

Abstract: Method for transmitting a signal using a transmission power mask is disclosed.

Abstract: A sampler samples a receive signal received via a dedicated communication line. A data transfer rate adjuster measures a data transfer rate based on a number of start bit samples contained in the receive signal. A bit determiner makes a bit determination regarding the receive signal at the data transfer rate measured by the data transfer rate adjuster, to thereby acquire serial data contained in the receive signal. A transmitter sends, via the dedicated communication line, a transmit signal containing serial data sent by an MPU. An MPU communicator outputs to the transmitter the serial data sent by the MPU, and outputs to the MPU the serial data acquired by the bit determiner. The data transfer rate adjuster adjusts, when the transmitter sends the transmit signal multiple times at different data transfer rates, the data transfer rate based on the receive status of respective response signals thereto.

Abstract: Communication processing paths include distortions, such as DC offset in the baseband analog path, local oscillator feed-through distortion, and nonlinearity of gm's and power amplifiers which are calibrated for, separately or in combination. The cascaded DC offset and nonlinear distortions are modeled separately or in combination using even-and-odd order polynomials. A loopback path from the output of one or more distortion causing devices passes through a measurement and calculation module. The calculation module calculates predistortion polynomial's coefficients which will be stored in a look-up table to be used by a baseband predistorter to calibrate the path. The look-up table is stored locally or remotely.

Abstract: A transceiver for receiving multiple desired signals is described. The transceiver includes a first downconverter that receives a first received signal. The transceiver also includes a second downconverter that receives the first received signal. The transceiver further includes a first adder that receives an output of the first downconverter and a second received signal. The transceiver also includes a second adder that receives an output of the second downconverter.

Abstract: A method includes a step of correlating a received signal with a pilot sequence to determine a correlation result. The method further includes a step of determining a channel estimate based on a Minimum Mean Square Error scheme that is conditional to an observed parameter, wherein the observed parameter includes the correlation result.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus control a signal gain in a digital signal process system are provided. In the method, a peak power of an input signal for each of a plurality of periods is measured. The peak power for each period is compared with a threshold power. A magnitude of a signal of a period where the peak power is greater than the threshold power is controlled.

Abstract: A system and method of frequency offset compensation are disclosed for a wireless system between a fast moving radio terminal associated with a locomotive and a stationary radio terminal associated with a base station. The present invention utilizes advanced frequency offset prediction to quickly track Doppler Shift caused by a fast moving locomotive. In one embodiment according to the present invention, the frequency offset prediction is based on a first plurality of coarse frequency offsets, first-order derivatives of the first plurality of coarse frequency offsets, and second-order derivatives of the first plurality of coarse frequency offsets. In another embodiment according to the present invention, the frequency offset prediction is based on a plurality of previous frequency offsets according to a Doppler shift model.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an overpower detection device 51 capable of detecting, with a simple configuration, overpower of a circuit that processes a signal associated with instantaneous variation. The overpower detection device 51 of the present invention includes: a power information acquisition section 61 for acquiring an index value of power, at each timing, of a signal transmitted or received in a target device; a comparison section 62 for comparing the index value acquired by the power information acquisition section 61 with an evaluation threshold; a comparison result accumulation section 63 for accumulating a value indicating a comparison result of the comparison section 62 at the each timing; and an overpower determination section 64 for determining overpower of a circuit in the target device, based on an accumulation result of the comparison result accumulation section 63.

Abstract: A method for compensating the frequency dependent phase imbalance in a receiver is provided. The receiver downconverts an input signal to generate the signal r(t). The signal r(t) has an in-phase component rI(t) and a quadrature component rQ(t). A first test signal with a first carrier frequency is applied as the input signal of the receiver to obtain a first phase imbalance I. A second test signal with a second carrier frequency is applying as the input signal of the receiver to obtain a second phase imbalance. An IQ delay mismatch ?t of the receiver according to the difference of the second and the first phase imbalances and the difference of the second and the first carrier frequencies is obtained. The in-phase component rI(t) and the quadrature component rQ(t) of the signal r(t) corresponding to other input signal is compensated according to the obtained IQ delay mismatch ?t.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for generating random jitter test patterns by generating a sequence of maximum-size asynchronous packets according to the P1394b standard and transmitting the sequence to the device under test. The present invention provides a method for generating jitter test patterns by disabling the transmitter data scrambler of the second device; clearing the port_error register of the device under test; and sending a test pattern to said device under test. The present invention provides for a method for generating supply noise test patterns comprising: transmitting a test pattern to the DUT comprising a maximum length asynchronous packet containing alternate 0016 and FF16 bytes.

Abstract: A wide common-mode range receiver includes an input module, voltage level shift module, voltage level shift control module, and output module. The receiver can also include an equalizer. The receiver translates data originating from a circuit powered from an external voltage supply to a circuit powered by an internal voltage supply. The voltage level shift may be scaled based on differences between the voltage supplies or by determining the difference between an input common-mode voltage and a reference voltage, and driving a servo based on the difference.

Abstract: A transmitter, such as a voltage mode driver (VMD)-based push-pull source-series terminated (SST) transmitter, is provided that can consume less current as the amplitude of a voltage output is decreased. The transmitter includes a transmitter circuit having a first branch and a second branch. While the first branch is activated to send an analog output signal, the second branch is deactivated, and vice versa. One or more bit values of an input binary signal can be used to selectively activate and deactivate the first and second branches.

Abstract: A reception device includes two antennas 1-1, 1-2 that are in an inverse correlation, a switching unit 4 which switches the signal that is to be processed among signals received by the two antennas 1-1, 1-2, and an adaptive equalizer 6 which uses equalization coefficients to perform equalizing processing on the signal considered by the switching unit 4 to be the signal to be processed, and an equalization coefficient altering unit 7 which alters the equalization coefficients used by the adaptive equalizer 6 synchronously with the timing of switching performed by the switching unit 4. In the reception device can reduce the required time for reconvergence of equalization coefficients stemming from reception system switching in selection diversity using an inverse correlation antenna.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an interference cancellation method and apparatus, wherein the method includes: determining a strong interference code channel among all code channels that carry a received signal by a receiver, and determining a signal that corresponds to the strong interference code channel to be a strong interference signal, wherein the received signal is a signal that has been matched filtered; obtaining the reconstructed strong interference signal based on the determined strong interference signal reconstructed from a system matrix by the receiver; performing the interference cancellation for the received signal by utilizing the reconstructed strong interference signal, and obtaining the signal whose interference have been cancelled by the receiver.

Abstract: A communication system having a receiver with a linear path and a nonlinear path. As the receiver receives a data signal, it adaptively equalizes the received signal, and amplitude-limits the equalized signal in the nonlinear path using a saturable amplifier limiter or the like. A slicer extracts data from the limited equalized received signal. In the linear path, a clock recovery circuit generates a clock signal from the equalized received signal. A delay circuit in the linear path at least partially compensates for propagation delay in the limiter. Having the clock recovery occur in other than the nonlinear path, a low jitter clock is generated. The limiter enhances the vertical opening of the data eye by increasing the rise and fall times of the limited signal, providing more noise margin for the slicer to operate with and a greater timing margin in which to sample the sliced data.

Abstract: A 1/n-rate decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and method include a plurality of branches. Each branch includes a summer circuit configured to add a feedback signal to a received input, and a latch configured to receive an output of the summer circuit in accordance with a clock signal. A feedback circuit includes a multiplexer configured to receive as input, an output of each branch, the multiplexer having a clocked select input and configured to multiplex the output of each branch to assemble a full rate bit sequence, and a filter configured to provide cancellation of intersymbol interference (ISI) from the received input to be provided to the summer circuit of each branch.