Abstract: A method for allocating a resource for response information transmission and transmitting according to transmission conditions in a wireless communication system according to the present invention comprises the steps of: setting a specific field value of a control channel depending on the allocation method by determining a transmission method or transmission quantity of data to be transmitted to a user's terminal from a data channel, a method of generating response information of the data according to the transmission quantity or transmission method, and an allocation method for indicating the response information resource; transmitting the data channel including the transmitting data and the control channel to the user's terminal; confirming the response information, which is transmitted from a resource allocated by the allocation method, for the data transmitted from the user's terminal; and determining whether the transmitted data area retransmitted according to the confirmed response information.

Abstract: A method of resource allocation for Channel State Information (CSI) feedback is provided, which comprises the following steps of: configuring, for a User Equipment (UE), a CSI feedback mode for each of a plurality of coordinated cells; allocating feedback resources required for CSI feedback by the UE for each of the plurality of coordinated cells based on the configured feedback modes, such that the CSI feedbacks for different coordinated cells will not collide with each other within one sub-frame; and notifying the configured feedback modes and the allocated feedback resources to the UE.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication system, and relates to a transmission and processing method for control data and to a base station and terminal for the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of transmitting control information by a user equipment may include the steps of receiving a PDCCH including a CSI request field from the base station via at least one serving cell configured for the user equipment, triggering a report of a 1st control information on an aperiodic CSI to correspond to a value of the received CSI request field, and transmitting the 1st control information and a 2nd control information in a same subframe simultaneously. Moreover, the 1st control information may be transmitted on a PUSCH of the at least one serving cell and the 2nd control information may be transmitted on a PUCCH of the at least one serving cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of configuring an aperiodic sounding reference signal. In an embodiment of the method of configuring an aperiodic sounding reference signal, the parameters of the aperiodic sounding reference signal are categorized into two parts. The first part of parameters can be configured by radio resource control signaling, and the second part can be configured dynamically via the indication in downlink control information format 4. The second part of the parameters includes at most three of the following parameter set: cyclic shift, the number of antenna ports, carrier aggregation, sounding reference signal bandwidth, frequency-domain position, sounding reference signal hopping bandwidth, multi-shot sounding reference signal duration, and transmission comb. The first part of the parameters includes sounding reference signal configuration index and the remaining part of the parameter set.

Abstract: A base station of a communication system includes a quality information retrieval unit that retrieves quality information indicating a radio channel state of user equipment, a threshold value determination unit that determines, for each of the user equipment, a threshold value for at least one of a data retention amount and a data retention time period, depending on the quality information, a scheduler that calculates a scheduling coefficient for the user equipment for which at least the one of the data retention amount and the data retention time period exceeds the threshold value, and that allocates a radio resource to the user equipment at least in accordance with a magnitude of the scheduling coefficient, and a notification unit that reports to the user equipment that the radio resource is allocated.

Abstract: To efficiently detect feedback control information on downlink shared data channel signals transmitted with a plurality of base frequency blocks also in the case of performing radio communications with a system band comprised of a plurality of base frequency blocks, it is a feature to have detecting sections (208, 210) configured to detect a correlation value between an ACK/NACK signal received in uplink and each of ACK/NACK candidate replicas associated with ACK and NACK in response to a downlink shared data channel signal of a particular base frequency block assigned to the mobile terminal apparatus among a plurality of base frequency blocks or of each of a plurality of base frequency blocks, and an A/N·DTX determining section (211) configured to determine feedback control information on the downlink shared data channel signal of the particular base frequency block or of each of the plurality of base frequency blocks, based on the detected correlation value and a DTX determination threshold value.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, a conventional physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) is transmitted in a first region of a physical downlink control channel structure utilized by a remote radio head that has been assigned a cell identifier that is common to one or more other remote radio heads within the cell, and an enhanced physical downlink control channel (ePDCCH) is transmitted in a second region of the physical downlink control channel structure.

Abstract: In a wireless audio system in which both wireless audio signal transmission and communication using other wireless apparatuses are carried out, the transmitter and the receiver transmit audio packets by the following procedure using a plurality of communication channels shared with other wireless communication. The transmitter and the receiver select the same channel; after detecting that the channel has become idle, the transmitter stands by for only a stand-by time T1 shorter than the shortest packet space stipulated in the procedure of the other wireless communication and then transmits an audio packet; after the reception of the audio packet is completed, the receiver stands by for only a stand-by time T2 shorter than the shortest packet space and then returns a response signal. After the transmission/reception of a predetermined number of audio packets is completed, the transmitter and the receiver switch the communication channel and repeat the procedure.

Abstract: Embodiments of a base station and method for resource allocation using localized and distributed resource blocks are generally described herein. The base station comprises processing circuitry to allocate localized resources to user stations based on receipt of channel quality information received from the user stations and to allocate distributed resource to user stations based on non-receipt of channel quality information. The base station also comprises physical layer circuitry to transmit control information on a physical channel to indicate the resources that are allocated to each scheduled user station.

Abstract: Techniques are described for forming signals for transmission to a receiver. Two transmitters can form resource blocks with different Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) demodulation reference signal (DMRS) patterns that are orthogonal over time and/or frequency to each other. The transmitters can simultaneously transmit the same resource block but with different DMRS patterns. If a receiver is mounted with two antennas, the receiver can utilize a MIMO receiver to differentiate resource blocks from two transmitters.

Abstract: A base station module configured to be part of a group of base station modules comprising the base station module and other base station modules, the group of base station modules together forming a base station, and having antennas for receiving radio signals from mobile stations in a base station communication band, a communication interface for transferring data obtained via the received radio signals to the other base station modules and for receiving corresponding data from the other base station module, a data handling unit selects data for transfer to the other base station modules and an uplink data processing unit processes channels used by a subset of the mobile stations communicating with the base station, where the subset is assigned to the base station module. The base station module uses the data received from the other base station modules to influence processing in the uplink data processing unit.

Abstract: A method includes determining whether a packet switched (PS) signaling connection is released, the PS signaling connection being associated with a first network corresponding to a first radio access technology (RAT), controlling a switching timing to a second network corresponding to a second RAT according to a type of the PS signaling connection, and transmitting a request for switching to the second network. A terminal includes a controller to determine whether a packet switched (PS) signaling connection is released, the PS signaling connection being associated with a first network corresponding to a first radio access technology (RAT), and to control a switching timing to a second network corresponding to a second RAT according to a type of the PS signaling connection, and a transmitter to transmit a request for switching to the second network.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus therefor searching a cell in a mobile station of a communication system in which a plurality of cells are grouped into a plurality of cell groups, and each cell group includes at least two cells. The method includes detecting a primary synchronization signal and a secondary synchronization signal from a received signal, and identifying a cell based on a combination of the primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal. The secondary synchronization signal is related to the cell group to which the mobile station belongs and the primary synchronization signal is related to the cell to which the mobile station belongs within the cell group.

Abstract: A communication system, a network handover processing method and a network handover processing apparatus are disclosed. The method includes receiving, by a target evolution NodeB (T-eNB), identity information sent from a user equipment (UE), the identity information being allocated to the UE by a source evolution NodeB (S-eNB); and sending, by the T-eNB, parameters to the UE if identity information, matching the received identity information sent from the UE, is available in the T-eNB, wherein the parameters are allocated to the UE. The apparatus includes a receiving module and a sending module.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a mobile access gateway (MAG) configured to register an Internet Protocol (IP) address for a mobile node (MN) with a local mobility anchor (LMA) to allow proxy mobile IP version 6 (PMIPv6) mobility management for the MN, wherein the MAG communicates a query message that comprises a PMIPv6 service name to a Domain Name Service (DNS) and obtains the IP address of the LMA from the DNS. Also disclosed is a network component comprising at least one processor coupled to a memory and configured to send a DNS query for a plurality of Service Resource Records (SRV RRs), and receive a DNS reply that comprises a plurality of Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) for a plurality of LMAs, wherein the DNS query comprises a Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (PMIPv6) service name, a protocol name, and a domain name.

Abstract: Methods and systems for online incremental adaptation of neural networks using Gaussian mixture models in speech recognition are described. In an example, a computing device may be configured to receive an audio signal and a subsequent audio signal, both signals having speech content. The computing device may be configured to apply a speaker-specific feature transform to the audio signal to obtain a transformed audio signal. The speaker-specific feature transform may be configured to include speaker-specific speech characteristics of a speaker-profile relating to the speech content. Further, the computing device may be configured to process the transformed audio signal using a neural network trained to estimate a respective speech content of the audio signal. Based on outputs of the neural network, the computing device may be configured to modify the speaker-specific feature transform, and apply the modified speaker-specific feature transform to a subsequent audio signal.

Abstract: A method for voice call fallback to a circuit switched (CS) domain disclosed in the present invention includes: receiving a Service Request message from a calling user equipment (UE), where the Service Request message includes called number information of a voice call in a CS domain, instructing an evolved NodeB (eNB) to initiate circuit switched fallback (CSFB) handover; receiving a Handover Request message from the eNB, where the Handover Request message includes information required for CS handover, selecting a mobile switching center (MSC) and sending a packet switched (PS) to CS Handover Request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS Handover Request message carries information required for the CS handover and a called number so that the MSC calls a called UE. The corresponding apparatuses and systems are also disclosed. The technical solution of the present invention can reduce the connection delay.

Abstract: A method of exchanging data in a communications network is provided. A control channel channelization code is assigned for transmitting user specific data channel allocation information to a particular mobile station (MS). The data channel allocation information indicates which part of the transmission time interval (TTI) available for data can be used by that particular MS. The control channel channelization code is shared in a TDMA fashion between the MSs during the TTI in a proportion equal to that in which the data channel channelization code is shared between the MSs such that each MS is allocated a share of the control channel channelization code in that part of the TTI. The control channel channelization code is then transmitted in a part of the TTI corresponding to that in which the data channel channelization code is transmitted for a particular MS.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for controlling coexistence interference within a device in a wireless communication system. The method discloses the following steps: performing triggering, in which a transmission, which is generated in a terminal, in a first frequency band of a first network system requests controlling of interference on a reception, which is generated in the terminal, in a second frequency band of a second network system performed; transmitting to a eNB support information including information on a time section that can or cannot be used by the first network system or the second network system, due to the interference; and receiving from the base station reply information for accepting or denying interference control as a reply to the support information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for dynamic beacon rates and fixed ad hoc modes in ad hoc networks in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, an ad hoc wireless network includes a plurality of peers configured to form an ad hoc network, wherein the plurality of peers are configured to transmit and receive beacon frames, wherein one or more of the plurality of peers is configured to be fixed in a host mode, wherein one or more of the plurality of peers is configured to be fixed in a client mode, wherein the one or more peers in host mode are configured to transmit beacon frames, where the beacon frames identify an ad hoc wireless network, and wherein a peer not connected to an ad hoc wireless network does not transmit beacon frames when in client mode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a distance measurement and alarm method and apparatus. The method includes: sending pairing request information for establishing a connection with a receiving terminal; after the receiving terminal is paired with, calculating a current distance to the receiving terminal; comparing the current distance with a preset distance threshold, and if the current distance exceeds the distance threshold, displaying distance prompt information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for maintaining communications over a bearer when at least one of two wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) transition to idle mode. In one case, a direct WTRU-to-WTRU bearer may be released in response to a first one of the WTRUs transitioning to idle mode. A second one of the WTRUs may send a first of a plurality of packets to the first WTRU via a default packet data network (PDN) connection or a default bearer towards the PDN connection. The first packet may have a destination Internet protocol (IP) address of the second WTRU and trigger paging to the first WTRU. The first WTRU may transition to connected mode in response to the paging. Other cases may release a portion of a bearer, rather than the entire bearer. A method and apparatus for initiating proximity service bearer establishment is also described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing a plurality of stations in a wireless local area network (WLAN) from colliding with each other when accessing a medium are provided. In the method, an access point (AP) determines the transmission capabilities of a plurality of stations in a basic service set (BSS) of the AP, determines the format of control frames or data frames which have a high throughput (HT) format to be used in the BSS of the AP, and notifies the stations of the result of the determination. Therefore, it is possible to adaptively choose and use an optimum method of preventing a plurality of stations in a WLAN from colliding with each other when accessing a medium according to the circumstances in a WLAN by referencing the transmission capabilities of a plurality of stations in the WLAN.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for transmitting and receiving data via a first base station supporting a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second base station supporting a second RAT in a radio access system supporting a multi-radio access technology, and the method may include performing a network (re)entry procedure with the first base station; receiving control information required for an access to the second base station located in the vicinity of the first base station from the first base station; performing a scanning procedure for at least one second base station located in the vicinity of the first base station; receiving an instruction message instructing an access to the second base station from the first base station; and performing an access procedure with the second base station.

Abstract: A method of performing cell search includes receiving a primary synchronization signal (PSS) comprising a primary synchronization code (PSC) and receiving a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) comprising a first secondary synchronization code (SSC) and a second SSC, wherein the SSS includes a first SSS and a second SSS, the first SSC and the second SSC are arranged in that order in the first SSS, and the second SSC and the first SSC are arranged in that order in the second SSS. Detection performance on synchronization signals can be improved, and cell search can be performed more reliably.

Abstract: A method in a first user terminal (300, 500) for supporting provision of capabilities of the first user terminal to a second user terminal (302) is provided. The method comprises receipt (402) of a capability request from the second user terminal. Upon receipt of the capability request, filtering rules are used (406) on the capabilities of the first user terminal, wherein the filtering rules have been pre-configured for the first user terminal to control exposure of said capabilities. Thereafter a capability message is transmitted (408) to the second user terminal, wherein at least one of the capabilities of the first user terminal have been omitted from the capability message based on the filtering rules.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method for controlling data stream switch and a relevant equipment. The method includes: obtaining bandwidth demand information of a data stream; calculating a BWM according to the bandwidth demand information, the physical bandwidth of at least one ingress port and at least one egress port of the data stream, and TDM service bandwidth information; performing sequencing on entries of the BWM, to obtain a bandwidth sequencing information table; performing cell even sequencing processing on the data stream according to the bandwidth sequencing information table, to obtain a cell table; and controlling, sending of cells of the data stream according to the cell table. Through the solutions provided, processing complexity may be effectively reduced, the problem of scale limitation on a bufferless switch structure is solved, and meanwhile, a delay jitter during switch processing is also decreased.

Abstract: Routing around intra-network element (intra-NE) disconnectivity is described. The routing is performed on one or more network element (NEs) of a channelized network. The routing involves performing a shortest-path-search (SPS) to determine a shortest non-disconnected path from a single path-ingress edge to a single path-egress edge. The SPS includes classifying a set of endpoints of each NE in the channelized network as an equivalence class of endpoints, classifying a set of paths-so-far between each NE in the channelized network as an equivalence class of paths-so-far, grouping each equivalence class of paths-so-far by the equivalence class of endpoints that includes a terminal endpoint of the path-so-far that is furthest from the single path-ingress edge, and exploring separately each equivalence class of edges that are incident to each NE when determining the shortest non-disconnected path from the single path-ingress edge to the single path-egress edge.

Abstract: A routing circuit and a circuit having the routing circuit are provided. The circuit includes a plurality of integrated circuits (ICs), a plurality of signal terminals and the routing circuit. Each of the ICs has a plurality of signal channels. The routing circuit is coupled between the ICs and the signal terminals to route the signal channels to the signal terminals. The routing circuit has a plurality of sequencers and a processing circuit. Each of the sequencers is configured to reconfigure an arrangement sequence of the signal channels of a corresponding one of the ICs. The processing circuit is coupled to the sequencers and has a first distributor. The first distributor routes the signal channels to the signal terminals in a group manner based on the arrangement sequences of the signal channels reconfigured by the sequencers according to a control signal.

Abstract: Examples included in this disclosure provide, among other things, the receipt of data intended for a destination at a switch of a switch module. In response to the receipt of data, the switch module may determine whether a local port on the switch is a member of a link aggregation group that includes the egress port on second switch. In response to such a determination, the switch module may update the forwarding table of the switch to indicate the local port is an egress port for the destination.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for initiating evolved general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol (eGTP) indirect tunneling are disclosed. According to one method, the method occurs at a long term evolution (LTE) node simulator including a module for processing data packets. The method includes receiving a data packet associated with a user device. The data packet includes an endpoint identifier for identifying a first transceiver simulated by the LTE node simulator. The method also includes determining, using the endpoint identifier, whether the data packet should be processed by the module. The method further includes in response to determining that the data packet should be processed by the module, processing the data packet. The method also includes in response to determining that the data packet should not be processed by the module, initiating routing the data packet to a network node.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for providing services to network traffic on a virtual overlay network includes receiving network traffic comprising a plurality of packets, determining whether the plurality of packets comprise an overlay header, terminating a tunnel and de-encapsulating inner packets of packets comprising an overlay header, performing services on the plurality of packets or the de-encapsulated inner packets, and originating a tunnel and encapsulating the serviced inner packets or the serviced packets with an overlay header to be switched to a destination address in a virtual network and sending the encapsulated packets, or sending the serviced packets without encapsulating the packets with an overlay header to be switched to a destination address in a non-virtual network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for associating each data packet in a media stream with logic corresponding to a particular quality-of-service (QoS) and/or error correction requirement. In an exemplary embodiment, each packet in the media stream is assigned a frame tag which designates a particular quality-of-service and/or error correction scheme for the corresponding packet. At least a portion of each packet is encoded according to the packet's designated quality-of-service as indicated by the frame tag. A receiver accesses the frame tags from within the transmitted media stream in order to determine the appropriate means for processing or decoding the encoded portion of each packet. In this manner, each packet within the media stream can have its own quality-of-service and/or error correction requirements and processing, thereby enhancing link efficiency and better enforcing QoS policy across the system.

Abstract: According to an aspect of an embodiment, a method of managing packets in a communication network including multiple communication nodes is described. The method may include receiving a packet including a packet header. The packet header may include a packet identifier uniquely identifying the packet. The method may also include determining a packet type of the packet received by a first communication node based on the packet identifier. The method may also include dropping the packet when the packet is determined to be a duplicate packet or routing the packet to a neighbor communication node in a manner that prevents the packet from being caught in a loop when the packet is determined to be a returned packet or a new packet.

Abstract: A device for realizing upstream aggregation and downstream translation of a virtual local area network (VLAN) includes a buffer and a processor. The buffer is used for storing an ingress VLAN translation table and an egress VLAN translation table. The processor is used for translating an upstream packet inputted from a first user port into an upstream translation packet according to the ingress VLAN translation table, and transmitting the upstream translation packet to the Internet through an internet port, and translating a first downstream packet inputted from the internet port into a first downstream translation packet according to the egress VLAN translation table, and transmitting the first downstream translation packet to a user device through a second user port.

Abstract: A method of manages a set of managed forwarding elements that forward data between machines. The method configures (1) a first managed forwarding element to operate in a first network that uses first and second address spaces that at least partially overlap with each other, (2) a second managed forwarding element to operate in a second network that uses the first address space, and (3) a third managed forwarding element to operate in a third network that uses the second address space. A machine in the second network and a machine in the third network have an identical address that belongs to both the first and second address spaces. The method directs the first managed forwarding element to connect to the second and third managed forwarding elements in a manner that enables the first managed forwarding element to forward data from a machine in the first network to the machine in the second network via the second managed forwarding element.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a packet in a multi-protocol label switching-transport profile (MPLS-TP) network are provided. In the method of processing a packet, a packet transport layer (PTL) index and a layer stack (LS) or multiple label pop (MPOP) loopback header are used, and it is possible to remove a size limitation on lookup results of a lookup table when multiple labels are stacked, and solve the problem of having to extract all labels as label keys regardless of label operations upon an incoming label map (ILM) table lookup.

Abstract: A method implemented by a hypervisor located in a first network device (ND), the method comprising sending to and receiving from a second ND a first type of packet, wherein each packet of the first type of packet comprises media access control (MAC) layer information of a client; and sending to and receiving from a third ND a second type of packet, wherein each packet of the second type of packet contains no client MAC layer information.

Abstract: The present invention inspects packets to identify session initiation messages associated with select applications. A session initiation message may be any message used to initiate a communication session with another communication client. Once a session initiation message from a select application is identified, the intended communication session may be identified, monitored, prevented, or otherwise processed in a predefined manner. These select applications may be illicit applications from which communication sessions are actually or potentially unlawful or otherwise improper. The illicit communication sessions that the present invention seeks to control may be used for voice communications as well as for transferring data and facilitating application collaboration, such as is used in video conferencing or file sharing. The session initiation messages need not be received directly from the originating communication client for inspection.

Abstract: Described are methods and communications network for carrying pseudowires over packet-switched network. A communication network includes a packet-switched network (PSN), a first provider edge (PE) device in communication with a second PE device through the PSN, and a pseudowire (PW) established between the PE devices for emulating a service across the PSN. The PW has a Virtual Circuit Connection Verification (VCCV) control channel that carries an Ethernet Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) message. In some embodiments, various data plane encapsulation formats enable a PW to emulate an Ethernet or a non-Ethernet service over an Ethernet PSN. Each encapsulation format includes an Ethernet tunnel header and a PW header that encapsulates an Ethernet or non-Ethernet payload.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, an apparatus, and a system for forwarding data in a communications system. The implementation of the method includes: A data forwarding device forwards a data packet from a source end to a destination end by using a low-speed channel; during a procedure for forwarding the data packet from the source end to the destination end by using the low-speed channel, the data forwarding device receives a control command sent by a service processing node, where the control command is used to indicate that the data packet of the source end does not need to be forwarded to the service processing node; and the data forwarding device forwards the data packet from the source end to the destination end according to the indication of the control command by using a high-speed channel.

Abstract: A switch determines a path, not included in a first set of virtual networks associated with the switch. It is determined if the path can be added to an existing virtual network in the first set of virtual networks. If the path cannot be added, a new virtual network is created to include the path.

Abstract: A plurality of data flows can be routed from a first node of the network to one or more other nodes of the network. A destination of a data packet for each data flow is determined. When the destination node of the data packet of that data flow is not adjacent to the first node, a probabilistic determination is made for a next hop of data packets of that data flow. When the destination node of the data packet of that data flow is adjacent to the first node, a priority designation is made for the next hop of data packets of that data flow as being the destination node. The next hop for data packets of the data flow is determined based on either the probabilistic determination or the priority designation.

Abstract: A set of virtual local area networks (VLANs) are defined from a set of nodes that comprise a data center network. A set of possible paths are determined for routing data packets from a root node to one or more other nodes of the set of nodes. A set of probabilistic values are identified for determining a path in the set of possible paths that individual data packets are to take as between the root node and a destination node specified by the individual data packet. The data packets are routed to the destination node specified by that data packet, along a path that is determined by use of the set of probabilistic values. The path may be provided by one or more VLANs.

Abstract: A network utilizes centralized control for the transport of a packet flow to a destination via an intermediary network. The network identifies the intermediary network best suited for offloading the packet flow and then develops a routing policy based on Multiprotocol Label Switching or other circuit-switching type techniques. This ensures that the packets of the packet flow are automatically forwarded to a peering router connected to the identified intermediary network, and ensures that the peering router automatically outputs the packets of the packet flow to the identified intermediary network in a manner that bypasses autonomous routing decisions by the routers of the network.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a system includes an overlay network device which includes an interface adapted for electrically communicating with a virtual overlay network (VON) gateway, logic adapted for receiving a plurality of packets from the VON gateway, logic adapted for determining whether the plurality of packets comprise an overlay header, logic adapted for de-encapsulating inner packets of packets comprising an overlay header, logic adapted for performing services on the plurality of packets or the de-encapsulated inner packets, and logic adapted for encapsulating the serviced inner packets or the serviced packets with an overlay header to be switched to a destination address in a virtual network and sending the encapsulated packets to the VON gateway or logic adapted for sending the serviced packets to the VON gateway without encapsulating the packets with an overlay header to be switched to a destination address in a non-virtual network.

Abstract: A virtual tunnel method is described herein which implemented by a host and next hop routers to address a problem that is related to synchronizing active tunnel(s) and active link(s) between the host and next hop routers. Furthermore, a multiple tunnel management method is described herein which implemented by a host to address the problem that is related to synchronizing active tunnel(s) and active link(s) between the host and multiple next hop routers.

Abstract: Synchronization of traffic multiplexing in link aggregation is described. In an embodiment, a first link aggregator and a second link aggregator are associated with a plurality of links. The first link aggregator maintains an identifier for each link indicating at least a state of enabled or disabled. A synchronized clock is established between the first link aggregator and the second link aggregator. A particular link of the plurality of links is transitioned. Wherein, the transitioning is performed by the first link aggregator sending, to the second link aggregator, a first message identifying a particular time to transition the particular link. The first link aggregator receives, from the second link aggregator, a second message indicating that the particular time is acceptable. In response to a determination that the second message indicates that the particular time is acceptable and that the synchronized clock has reached the particular time, transitioning the link.

Abstract: An Ethernet switch for use in an Ethernet network comprises a set of ingress ports for receiving data frames and a set of egress ports. A memory is associated with each ingress port and stores forwarding information indicating one or more of the egress ports to which data frames received by that ingress port should be forwarded. A control or management interface receives information about a network connection established, or to be established, through the switch. A switch controller causes forwarding information to be stored in a memory associated with a first ingress port which the network connection will use, on the basis of the received information about a network connection. Forwarding information is not stored in a memory associated with a second of the set of ingress ports which the network connection will not use.