Abstract: A method and system for implementing a pseudo wire control word capability negotiation are disclosed in the present document. The method includes: when modifying a local control word value, a Provider Edge (PE) acquiring a control word value configured or negotiated locally by an opposite terminal provider edge by sending label request message and receiving label mapping message, and according to the local control word value and the acquired control word value, the provider edge determining a control word value negotiated with respect to a pseudo wire. In the present document, the problem of inconsistency between the control word configurations and the expected negotiation results existing in certain specific scenarios is solved, which enhances the negotiation performance. The technical scheme of the present document makes slight modifications on the existing protocol, and it is applicable to a single segment pseudo wire scenario and a multiple segment pseudo wire scenario.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a method and a system for switching a working mode for a backward compatible broadband wireless network, in order to solve the technical problem of switching between each working mode when various compatible modes based on different channelized sets exist in the broadband wireless network. In the disclosure, an access point (AP) indicates its current working mode by a system configuration message; the AP instructs a non-AP associated with the AP to switch a working mode by a mode switching message or a frame exchange sequence; and the non-AP switches the working mode according to instruction information included in the mode switching message or the frame exchange sequence after receiving the mode switching message or the frame exchange sequence.

Abstract: A Spontaneous Area Network (SPAN) is formed by mobile and fixed nodes using wireless transmission links between nodes, usually in a nearby geographical area. Applications allow users to create, join, leave, and manage SPANs and groups in a SPAN. Automatic procedures allow nodes to join other SPANs. Transmission power of the wireless network interface is dynamic, varying depending on battery level, type of information to transmit, state and topology of the network. A delay tolerant object layer abstraction creates, modifies, deletes, publishes, and handles Delay Tolerant Distributed Objects (DTDOs). A Patient Transport Protocol (PTP) ensures a reliable transport of information through the network while avoiding congestion conditions. An aggressive and explosive network protocol (AGENET) has routing and forwarding capacities and uses datagrams to establish communication between different nodes of the SPAN.

Abstract: The present invention provides a route calculation method and a master node device in a virtual network element. The method includes: receiving and storing, by the master node, topology information; performing, according to a topology type of the VNE, topology verification for all topology information locally stored on the master node; and calculating, after the topology verification is passed, internal paths in the VNE and weights of the internal paths, generating and storing an internal routing entry, and sending the internal routing entry to nodes except the master node in the VNE. Therefore, in various topology structures, such as a dual-homing tree, a ring, and a half ring, calculation of the internal routes in the VNE and load balancing within the VNE can be implemented.

Abstract: A method and device for processing data cells are disclosed. The method includes: configuring a unicast routing table which includes a corresponding relation between unicast destination addresses and port trunking (Trunks), and a multicast routing table which includes a corresponding relation between multicast group addresses and Trunks; receiving data cells; determining a corresponding Trunk according to types of the data cells, if the data cell is a unicast cell, extracting a destination address of the unicast cell, querying the unicast routing table, and obtaining a Trunk corresponding to the unicast cell; and if the data cell is a multicast cell, extracting a multicast group address of the multicast cell, querying the multicast routing table, and obtaining one or more Trunks corresponding to the multicast cell; and selecting an output link from the determined Trunks according to a preset load balancing policy, and sending data cells through the selected output link.

Abstract: A method includes discovering a network device that has connected to a data link layer of a network based on a discovery packet broadcast by the network device via the data link layer. The method further includes configuring the network device based on a response packet transmitted to the network device via the data link layer in response to discovering the network device.

Abstract: A single line network interconnectivity apparatus includes a system board, one or more female Ethernet ports, an Ethernet data receiving port (EDRP), an Ethernet data transfer port (EDTP), and a data switch. The data switch includes at least one of configurable hardware logic configured to implement or a processor coupled to a memory and configured to execute programmed instructions stored in the memory including obtaining at least one network data packet from the EDRP. The data packet is communicated to the female Ethernet port, when it is determined that the identifier included in the network packet matches the identifier associated with the computing device connected to the female Ethernet port. The data packet is communicated to the EDTP, when it is determined that the identifier included in the data packet does not match the identifier associated with the computing device connected to the female Ethernet port.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for determining surroundings in a wireless network, the system including first and second nodes, each node being programmed to periodically detect the nodes located in the surroundings thereof every time period ?, characterized in that: the first node comprises a transmitter (1) and control means (3) for activating the transmitter (1) for a transmission time ? less than the time period ?, the transmitter transmitting an identification signal during the transmission time ?; the second node comprises a receiver (2) and control means (3) for activating the receiver (2) for a reception time ? less than the time period ?, the receiver (2) listening for the signals from the adjacent nodes during the reception time a, the control means (3) of the second node activating the receiver once per time period ?.

Abstract: A method of configuration of an e-Node B device, on order to integrate the e-Node B device in a telecommunication network, comprising equipment mode, —establishing a communication link with the telecommunication network, —receiving configuration data, —self-configuring using the received data, and —entering an operational state, wherein the establishment of the communication link comprises transmitting a data element indicating that the establishment of the communication originates from an e-Node B behaving as a user equipment.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for transferring control of an existing multi-participant conversation (5, 15, 25), in which at least two communication terminals (D1, D2, D3) are connected to each other through a data connection (C1, C2, C5), to a conference control application (KS). The method comprises the following steps: Establishment of a virtual conference room (CR) that serves as an anchor point for the application (KS) and can be a virtual participant in the conference, switching (9, 19, 29, 39, 49, 59) of the conference room (CR) into the existing data connection (C1, C2, C5), and assignment (8, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) of the master role to the conference room (CR), wherein a signal generated by the application (KS) causes the switching (9, 19, 29, 39, 49, 59) of the conference room (CR) into the existing data connection (C1, C2, C5), and the assignment (8, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) of the master role to the conference room (CR).

Abstract: A unified messaging system, method and user interface is provided for a handheld mobile communication device. The method may include the following steps: (a) receiving a notification signal at the wireless device via the wireless data channel indicating that the unified messaging system received and stored a voice mail message intended for a user of the wireless device; (b) transmitting a command signal from the wireless device to the unified messaging system via the wireless data channel, the command signal including a message retrieval command; (c) receiving via the wireless voice channel a voice call initiated by a voice mail system component of the unified messaging system in response to the message retrieval command transmitted from the wireless device; and (d) receiving the voice mail message from the unified messaging system via the wireless voice channel.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a Time Division Dual (TDD) system and a downlink feedback method for a relay link thereof. A relay station and a network side of the TDD system transmit uplink data and downlink feedback through relay subframes, wherein: one or more uplink subframes are selected from uplink subframes of a wireless frame as uplink relay subframes used for uplink data transmission, a downlink subframe is determined for each uplink relay subframe from downlink subframes of the wireless frame as a downlink relay subframe used for downlink feedback or new data indication, wherein the uplink relay subframes and the downlink relay subframes have a fixed timing sequence relationship; the relay station transmits uplink data to the network side through the uplink relay subframes, and receives the downlink feedback or new data indication from the network side through the downlink relay subframes corresponding to the uplink relay subframes.

Abstract: Dynamically changing uplink-downlink configurations in adjacent cells in a TDD networks introduces interference to special subframes between downlink and uplink transmissions. Adaptation is disclosed of different special subframe configurations for certain subframes based on different communication environment characteristics experienced on the special subframes. The different special subframe configurations may be differ among special subframe within the same or in a different radio frames or may be applied to a corresponding subframe in a neighboring cell. Over time, as changes to the communication environment are detected, the special subframe configurations may adapt to the communication environment characteristics.

Abstract: A communications apparatus used in a wireless full duplex system is disclosed. The communications apparatus includes a receiver chain connected to an antenna and an interference cancelling chain. One or more cancellation signals generated by the interference cancelling chain are fed back to the receiver chain prior to the first baseband amplifier which uses the first automatic gain control and the second automatic gain controller. Other methods and systems also are disclosed.

Abstract: Transmission of control data by a user equipment (UE) in circumstances following a TDD subframe reconfiguration from an evolved node B (eNB) may result in a conflict with a scheduled transmission of the control data. In one example, a UE may modify periodicity, content, priority, or other aspects of channel state information (CSI) or sounding reference signals (SRS) to resolve any conflicts resulting from a TDD subframe reconfiguration and to ensure transmission of the CSI or SRS. In another example, a UE may detect a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) conflict resulting from a TDD subframe reconfiguration. In such example, the UE may determine and apply a HARQ soft buffer size for a HARQ process or determine and apply a codebook size for a HARQ process in carrier aggregation to resolve such HARQ conflict.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting uplink control information when TDD and a plurality of cells are configured, and comprises the following steps: receiving one or more of at least one PDCCH signal and at least one PDSCH signal; generating for each of the cells reception reply information on one or more of the at least one PDCCH signal and the at least one PDSCH signal; and transmitting the reception reply information for each of the plurality of cells which are connected.

Abstract: A method for setting an almost blank subframe (ABS) pattern in a base station of a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method comprises receiving an ABS bitmap pattern from a neighboring base station; setting the ABS pattern of the base station by repeating the ABS bitmap pattern within a previously set number of radio frames; receiving an offset value indicating an application start point of an updated ABS bitmap pattern and an application start of the updated ABS bitmap pattern from the neighboring base station; and setting the ABS pattern of the base station by repeating the updated ABS bitmap pattern from a start subframe of a specific radio frame indicated by the offset value.

Abstract: A method includes determining one of a multiplicity of subframes in a resource space in which a shortened subframe is to be communicated. Each of the subframes has a predetermined number of symbol positions. The resource space includes the multiplicity of subframes. The method includes communicating the shortened subframe in the determined subframe. The shortened subframe has a multiplicity of active symbols at first symbol positions in the determined subframe and has a multiplicity of blanked symbols at second symbol positions in the determined subframe. In an embodiment, each of the subframes is a first subframe carried on subcarrier. The resource space corresponds to a special subframe in a frame including the special subframe and a multiplicity of second subframes. The special subframe and the plurality of second subframes are located in different timeslots. Apparatus, computer programs, and program products are also disclosed.

Abstract: A radio receiving apparatus for receiving the variable-length RLC PDU data in an RLC layer includes the buffer memory sectioned into a plurality of areas having a predetermined maximum data length of the RLC PDU data. By referring to a sequence number SN included in each received RLC PDU data, the radio receiving apparatus stores the RLC PDU data having an identical sequence number SN into an identical area, and assembles an RLC SDU data on a basis of the RLC PDU data stored in each area.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system an access point and a station in association with the access point, the station is configured to transmit keep alive information to the access point regarding a period of time during which the station will be in a low power mode. The access point is configured to maintain the association with the station for the period of time even when no communications are received from the station during the period of time. The keep alive information is configured to allow designation of a period of time greater than 18 hours.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power saving system for smart mobile communication device in Internet communication. The power saving system comprises two smart mobile communication devices with Internet connection capability, an Internet, a server, a gateway and a mobile communication network. The two smart mobile communication devices cut off the Internet connection usually. When a smart mobile communication device performs a call through the Internet to the other smart mobile communication device, the server, the gateway and the mobile communication network are used to inform the other smart mobile communication device for Internet connection. After both sides stop the Internet communication, the two smart mobile communication devices cut off the Internet connection.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for user scheduling in a multi-user multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system are provided. The method includes identifying a user group comprising user terminals. The method further includes comparing power consumptions based on the user group. The method further includes scheduling the user terminals based on the comparing.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus identifies a UE relay and transmits a very low duty cycle signal (LDCS) configuration of the UE relay. The apparatus may comprise, e.g., an LPN that is not in a dormant state or a macrocell. The apparatus may receive LDCS information for the UE relay. The apparatus may determine the LDCS configuration and transmit the LDCS configuration to the UE relay.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices and methods of a communication device including initiating an initial communication via a modem in response to a data pull communication event or a data push communication event and determining by the controller a measured network condition associated with transmitting the initial communication as well as determining by the controller the power consumption of the initial communication based on a measured network condition value processed by monitoring the modem. Methods of a communication device further include comparing the power consumption value with a predetermined power consumption value stored in the memory related to a predetermined acceptable measured network condition value for this type of communication event, and terminating by the controller, the communication when the power consumption value exceeds the predetermined power consumption value based upon the acceptable measured network condition value for this type of communication event.

Abstract: A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system based upon peer-to-peer communications. A wireless terminal for peer-to-peer communications acts either as a WLAN master or as a WLAN slave. When the wireless terminal acts a master, the wireless terminal undertakes mastering duties that include transmitting a beacon interval in the frame cycle. When the wireless terminal is not tethered to a power source, mastering duties alternate according to a round-robin WLAN mastering cycle, wherein the wireless terminal acts the WLAN master during at least one frame cycle and acts the WLAN slave during other frame cycles to conserve an untethered power source of the wireless terminal.

Abstract: A wireless network device in a wireless network that includes a plurality of wireless network devices comprises an RF transceiver that transmits and receives data packets and that periodically transmits or receives a beacon. A control module communicates with the RF transceiver, determines a group identifier and a station identifier based on the beacon, and selects one of a default IFS time and a second IFS time based on a data packet received.

Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to a method in a near end radio link node (201n, 501n) for controlling power consumption in a radio link system (200, 500). The near end radio link node (201n, 501n) is connected to a far end radio link node (201f, 501f) via a radio link (202). The near end radio link node (201n, 501n) obtains a granted rate of traffic on the radio link (202) between the near end radio link node (201n, 501n) and the far end radio link node (201f, 501f). The near end radio link node (201n, 501n) obtains a demanded rate of the traffic between the near end radio link node (201n, 501n) and the far end radio link node (201f, 501f). The near end radio link node (201n, 501n) controls power consumption for the radio link system (200, 500) based on the granted rate and the demanded rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for compensation and restoring of a coverage area, for realizing energy saving and compensation between nodes. The coverage compensation method includes: judging whether or not the trigger condition for starting an energy saving and compensation process is satisfied according to a preset energy saving and compensation strategy; when the trigger condition for starting the energy saving and compensation process is satisfied, one of a first node and a second node carries out an energy saving operation in the energy saving and compensation process while the other node carries out a compensation operation in the energy saving and compensation process; wherein the first node is a compensation node and the second node is an energy saving node, or the first node is an energy saving node and the second node is a compensation node. Further disclosed is a device for implementing the method.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a device for transmitting a downlink control signal in a wireless communication system. A base station sets a transmission/reception (Tx/Rx) period (TSPS) on the basis of the type of a machine to machine (M2M) application, transmits said set Tx/Rx period to an M2M device, and performs a permanent scheduling for said M2M device on the basis of said set Tx/Rx period. Alternatively, the base station transmits a first downlink control signal that is allocated for an M2M group, which includes a plurality of M2M devices, to an M2M device that is included in said M2M group, and transmits, to said M2M device, a second downlink control signal that is specific to and allocated to said M2M device.

Abstract: A base station according to an embodiment comprises: a network communication unit 120 that is capable of communicating with neighboring base stations in the vicinity of the base station; and a control unit 150 that transmits a Cell Activation Request message through the network communication unit 120 to a neighboring base station serving as a handover destination candidate of a radio terminal UE, for requesting return from a power saving state.

Abstract: A wireless relay device emits a beacon and makes a wireless connection with a terminal responding to the beacon, which includes a selecting section capable of alternatively selecting a normal mode in which the beacon is emitted in a first cycle and a power saving mode in which the beacon is emitted in a second cycle longer than the first cycle.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, a method for mitigating duplication of multicast data streams to wireless client devices. The method comprises the operations of detecting, by one or more network devices, a multicast message, and controlling, by the one or more network devices, a forwarding of information within the multicast message to a network device handling multicast data transmissions. The forwarding is controlled based on information within the multicast message and the presence of such information in prior established data structure.

Abstract: A network device includes a communication interface and a processor. The communication interface may receive a multicast stream that includes a frame. The processor is coupled to the communication interface and may determine whether to send the frame unicast or multicast. The communication interface transmits the frame unicast or multicast based on the determination by the processor. The determination by the processor may be based on characteristics of the frame. If the characteristics of the frame include characteristics of a key frame such as an I-frame, the processor may determine to transmit the frame unicast. The determination may also be based on a predetermined state of client devices that are to receive the frame. If a client device is in a predetermined state such as a power save state, the processor may determine to transmit the frame unicast to that client device. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for transmitting multi-carriers to provide a high-quality service to multicast-based service subscriber terminals. The method includes: mapping first data for providing the multicast service, and second data different from the first data, to s different antennas; converting the first mapped data into a first Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal and the second mapped data into a second IF signal; converting the first IF signal into a first RF signal having a carrier frequency, and deciding a power intensity of the first RF signal so that the first RF signal is transmitted over the entire coverage region of the base station; and converting the second IF signal into a second RF signal having the other carrier frequency, and to deciding a power intensity of the second RF signal so that the second RF signal is transmitted over a predetermined region around the base station.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure discloses a method, device and UE for obtaining a service reception state of a UE side from a network side. The method comprises steps of: transmitting to the UE side an indication to respond the service reception state of an MBMS by the network side; and receiving by the network side the service reception state of the MBMS responded by the UE side according to the indication. According to the embodiment, the network side may obtain the service reception state of the MBMS of the UE, which facilitates optimizing an issuance policy for the MBMS.

Abstract: Channel characterization and training within multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications. Within such communication systems, there can be a number of devices (e.g., STAs) that communicate with a single device (e.g., AP). A multi-cast sounding frame may be transmitted from a transmitting device to a number of receiving devices. Appropriate scheduling or ordering of feedback signals from some or all of the receiving devices may be performed explicitly (e.g., sounding frame sent from the transmitting device to a receiving device) or implicitly (e.g., control information sent from the transmitting device to the receiving device, sounding frame sent to the transmitting device from the receiving device). Such characterization and training is with respect to a channel or path in which data will subsequently follow. Such characterization and training can be performed in accordance with group membership (e.g., with respect to only some of the receiving devices).

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a device for synchronously counting a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) service. Through technical solutions of embodiments of the present invention, synchronization time point information is carried in a message sent to a base station by an MBMS coordinating entity (MCE), so that the base station counts the MBMS service at the corresponding synchronization time point, collects the counting information and feeds back the counting information to the MCE. Whereby, the base station can count the MBMS service for each terminal device served by the base station at the same time point and collect and transmit the MBMS service counting information to the MCE, thereby ensuring synchronization of MBMS service counting time, ensuring synchronization of multicast control channel (MCCH) contents at the air interface, and solving the problem that synchronization of MBMS service counting time cannot be ensured in the prior art.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for implementing an MBMS service when a relay node is deployed in a network. By employing the technical solution provided in embodiments of the present invention, a cell served by the relay node is used by a base station as the cell therefor, corresponding configuration information is transmitted to an MCE for registration, and a corresponding MBMS service is triggered. The base station is used as a proxy of the relay node to allow the scheduling of the MBMS service and data forwarding. Thus, the shortcoming in the prior art of the lack of support for the relay node to implement the MBMS service is obviated, and compatibility with the MBMS service is implemented on the relay node. The range of MBMS service coverage to is expanded in a network via the deployment of the relay node. At the same time, on the basis of lower hardware construction investment costs, seamless support for the MBMS service is implemented throughout the network when the relay node is deployed.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus receives an LDCS configuration for a UE relay from a second entity and monitors for an LDCS from the UE relay based on the received LDCS configuration. The second entity may comprise one of an LPN that is not in a dormant state and a Macro cell. The apparatus may receive LDCS configurations for a plurality of LPNs and monitor for a plurality of LPNs based on the received LDCS configurations. When the apparatus determines a need to connect to a LPN, the apparatus may select an LPN among the plurality of LPNs.

Abstract: In a communication system including a base station device and a relay station device, the base station device notifies the relay station device of the identifier of an MBSFN area and whether the subframe used by the service of the identifier of the MBSFN area should be set up in the MBSFN subframes, and, the relay station device, based on the identifier of the MBSFN area held thereby and the information on the subframe used by the service of the identifier of the MBSFN area, controls whether the subframe used by the service of the identifier of the MBSFN area, notified from the base station device, should be included in the MBSFN subframes thereof, based on a notice as to whether the subframe used by the service of the identifier of the MBSFN area is set up in the MBSFN subframes.

Abstract: To prevent throughput of a macro terminal connecting to a radio base station from deteriorating due to an interference signal from a relay station provided in a cell of the radio base station in a radio communication system using relay transmission techniques, a relay transmission method of the invention has a step in which a relay station receives data to a relay terminal from a radio base station via a backhaul link, a step in which the relay station allocates a radio resource to the relay terminal to a certain frequency region over a plurality of TTIs, and a step in which the relay station transmits the data to the relay terminal via an access link using the allocated radio resource.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for transmitting an uplink signal from a relay node to a base station in a wireless communication system. In detail, the method comprises the steps of: setting backhaul uplink subframes on the basis of a plurality of pieces of subframe setting information received from the base station; and transmitting the uplink signal to the base station on the basis of an uplink grant in a particular backhaul uplink subframe among the set backhaul uplink subframes, wherein the uplink grant is received at a backhaul downlink subframe which exists within a preset period of time (T) from the particular backhaul uplink subframe, and the backhaul downlink subframes is not an access downlink subframe.

Abstract: Systems and methods for packet re-transmission in multi-hop wireless networks are provided. In some embodiments, RLP packet re-transmission only starts from the hop where L1 ARQ fails. This can result in an increased efficiency of radio resource utilization, such as in implementations where the last hop is more unstable than the remaining hops. In some embodiments, a short RLP recovery delay enables a higher number of re-transmissions of lost RLP packets which, in turn, translates into a higher target physical layer FER (frame error rate) being allowed and/or an increased system capacity. Alternately or additionally, a short RLP recovery delay may reduce the possibility of TCP re-transmission and slow start.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting channel status information (CSI) to a macro eNB (MeNB) by a relay node (RN) in a wireless communication system to which carrier aggregation is applied are disclosed. The method includes receiving a CSI reporting request corresponding to a specific secondary component carrier (CC) from the transmitter through a primary CC, establishing a reference resource for the CSI in association with one or more secondary CCs indicated by the CSI reporting request, and transmitting CSIs of the one or more secondary CCs to the transmitter through the specific secondary CC, using the established reference resource. The reference resource is set to the nearest subframe serving as a valid downlink subframe from a reception time point of the CSI reporting request.

Abstract: An improved satellite communication system is provided comprising at least one satellite wherein each satellite provides multiple beams, a plurality of UTs, and at least one gateway connected to a PSTN and communicating with said at least one UT or with a constellation, wherein each of the UTs within a given frequency band is distinguished from another of the UTs employing a combination of TDM and NOPN codes and time slots.

Abstract: A method includes a wireless mobile device communicating with a wireless network via an evolved high rate packet data (eHRPD) interface. The wireless mobile device may receive a vendor specific network control protocol (VSNCP) packet such as a terminate-request packet, for example, that indicates the wireless network has requested a PDN disconnection. The VSNCP packet includes a cause code that indicates a reason for the PDN disconnection request. The wireless device may use the cause code to determine the reason for the PDN disconnection request. Accordingly, in response to receiving the VSNCP packet, the wireless mobile device may perform one or more operations in an effort to resolve any issues that may have caused the PDN disconnection request.

Abstract: A processor in a mobile wireless device communicates detailed state information about attachments to a user identity module card embedded in the mobile wireless device. The processor detects a change in an attach state of the mobile wireless device for at least one of a plurality of attachment types. The processor determines the attach state of the mobile wireless device for each of the plurality of attachment types and sends a status message to the user identity module card indicating the determined attach states. The plurality of attachment types can include at least a circuit switched attachment and a packet switched attachment. The processor can wait until completion of circuit switched and packet switched attachments of the mobile wireless device to the wireless network prior to sending the status message.

Abstract: A client station including a transceiver module, a scanning module, and an association module. The transceiver module is configured to transmit and receive data via a frequency band, where the frequency band includes a plurality of channels. The scanning module is configured to simultaneously scan multiple channels of the frequency band at the same time instead of scanning the plurality of channels of the frequency band one channel at a time, and to determine whether one or more access points are available for association in one or more of the multiple channels. The association module is configured to, in response to the scanning module determining that one or more access points are available for association, determine whether to associate with one of the one or more access points determined to be available for association.

Abstract: Frame formatting for communications within single user, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications. A signal is processed within a communication device using at least two respective downclocking ratios (e.g., a first downclocking ratio applied to a first portion of the signal such as a frame or packet extracted there from, a second downclocking ratio applied to a second portion of the signal). Alternatively, a signal is divided into more than two respective portions, and different respective downclocking ratios are applied to those different respective portions (e.g., a first downclocking ratio applied to a first portion of the signal, and so on up to an n-th downclocking ratio applied to an n-th portion of the signal). Some implementations apply a singular or common downclocking ratio to more than one portion of the signal (which may be contiguous/adjacent or non-contiguous/non-adjacent within the signal).

Abstract: In a method for managing packet transmission using an electronic device, a refreshed application sends refreshed packets to a wireless base station is determined when the electronic device is in a connected state with the wireless base station. When the electronic device receives a disconnection signal, the method determined whether the disconnection signal is a result of a disconnection operation performed by a user on the electronic device. When the disconnection signal is not the result of the disconnection operation, the method further controls the electronic device to attempt to reconnect to the wireless base station and not to send any disconnection information to the refreshed application within a predetermined time period, when the electronic device does not receive any communication signal.