Abstract: A liquid developer includes at least toner particles and an insulating liquid. The toner particles include a resin and a color material dispersed in the resin. 90 mass % or more of the insulating liquid is aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 11 to 16, and 20 to 60 mass % of the insulating liquid is aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 11 to 12.

Abstract: An ink contains dispersed particles, individually including at least one thermoplastic first resin exhibiting a MFI less than or equal to 100, at least one thermoplastic second resin exhibiting a MFI greater than 100, and a white pigment. A liquid toner producing method includes forming a paste containing the resins, combining the paste with a white pigment, and after combining the paste and pigment, applying a shear force, encapsulating the pigment, and dispersing the encapsulated pigment. A digital printing method includes providing a liquid marking agent containing charged particles dispersed in a carrier liquid, individual particles including at least one thermoplastic first resin and at least one thermoplastic second resin encapsulating a white pigment, and printing a hard image on a substrate. At least a portion of the image has a white color.

Abstract: Two acids may be formed per exposed photon using free radical promotion so that two acid products are produced via two parallel pathways. This results in increased fabrication facility throughput. In some embodiments, this may be achieved while reducing side-lobe defect liability.

Abstract: An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes: (A) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation; (B) a resin capable of increasing a dissolution rate of the resin (B) in an alkali developer by an action of an acid, the resin (B) containing a specific repeating unit having a lactone structure; and (D) a low molecular compound having a group capable of leaving by an action of an acid, and a pattern forming method uses the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising poly-oxycarbosilane and methods for using the compositions in step and flash imprint lithography. The imprinting compositions comprise a poly-oxycarbosilane polymer, a silanol, a reaction initiator and optionally a pore generator.

Abstract: There is provided a sulfonium salt having high photosensitivity to the i-line. The invention relates to a sulfonium salt represented by formula (1) described below: [in formula (1), R1 to R6 each independently represent an alkyl group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an arylthiocarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, an arylthio group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic hydrocarbon group, an aryloxy group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an arylsulfinyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy(poly)alkyleneoxy group, an optionally substituted amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, or a halogen atom, m1 to m6 each represent the number of occurrences of each of R1 to R6, m1, m4, and m6 each represent an integer of 0 to 5, m2, m3, and m5 each represent an integer of 0 to 4, and X? represents a monovalent polyatomic anion].

Abstract: An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, wherein when a film having a film thickness of 100 nm is formed from the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, the film has a transmittance of 55 to 80% for light at a wavelength of 193 nm, and a pattern forming method using the composition are provided.

Abstract: A photoacid generator represented by the following formula (1), a method for producing the photoacid generator, and a resist composition containing the photoacid generator are provided. wherein in the formula (1), Y1, Y2, X, R1, R2, n1, n2 and A+ have the same meanings as defined in the detailed description of the invention. The photoacid generator can maintain an appropriate contact angle at the time of ArF liquid immersion lithography, can reduce defects occurring during liquid immersion lithography, and has excellent solubility in resist solvents and excellent compatibility with resins. Furthermore, the photoacid generator can be produced by an efficient and simple method using an epoxy compound that is industrially easily available.

Abstract: A photoresist composition comprising (A) a resin which has an acid-labile group-containing structural unit and a lactone ring-containing structural unit, and (B) a salt represented by formula (I): wherein Q1 and Q2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, n represents 0 or 1, L1 represents a single bond or a C1-C10 alkanediyl group in which a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, provided that L1 is not a single bond when n is 0, R1 represents a hydroxy group or a hydroxy group protected by a protecting group, and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorine-free photoacid generator (PAG) and a photoresist composition containing the same. The PAG is characterized by the presence of an onium cationic component and a fluorine-free fused ring heteroaromatic sulfonate anionic component containing one or more electron withdrawing substituents. The onium cationic component of the PAG is preferably a sulfonium or an iodonium cation. The photoresist composition further contains an acid sensitive imaging polymer. The photoresist composition is especially useful for forming material patterns on a semiconductor substrate using 193 nm (ArF) lithography.

Abstract: An aromatic ring-containing polymer for a resist underlayer, the polymer including a unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: wherein, R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C10 alkyl group, or an aromatic group, A is a functional group derived from an aromatic compound with a heteroatom or without a heteroatom, and n is an integer of one or more.

Abstract: A waterless planographic printing plate precursor is capable of plate inspection without a post-dyeing step, capable of being handled in a light room and excellent in coloring matter fixing in silicone rubber layer. The waterless planographic printing plate precursor has at least a photosensitive layer or heat sensitive layer and a silicone rubber layer on a substrate, which is a waterless planographic printing plate precursor characterized in that a color pigment is contained in the above-mentioned silicone rubber layer, and it is possible to obtain a more excellent effect by further incorporating, in the above-mentioned silicone rubber layer, a pigment dispersant containing an organic complex compound comprising of a metal and an organic compound. Furthermore, when aluminum and/or titanium is contained as the above-mentioned metal, a more excellent effect can be obtained.

Abstract: A method of forming patterns includes (a) coating a substrate with a resist composition for negative development to form a resist film, wherein the resist composition contains a resin capable of increasing the polarity by the action of the acid and becomes more soluble in a positive developer and less soluble in a negative developer upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (b) forming a protective film on the resist film with a protective film composition after forming the resist film and before exposing the resist film, (c) exposing the resist film via an immersion medium, and (d) performing development with a negative developer.

Abstract: Problem: Providing a photosensitive resin composition that has high sensitivity, sustains a slight shrinkage in volume when cured under heating and can form resist patterns having high-aspect profiles, and a pattern forming method using such a composition. Means for Resolution: A photosensitive resin composition characterized by containing (a) a polyfunctional epoxy resin, (b) a cationic polymerization initiator and (c) an aromatic polycyclic compound as a sensitizer (such as 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene or 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene), which has at least two substituents capable of forming cross-links with component (a).

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter that includes (A) an organic salt-type sulfonate-containing dye; (B) a pigment; (C) an acrylic-based binder resin; (D) a photopolymerizable monomer; (E) a photopolymerization initiator; and (F) a solvent.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device that includes a plurality of gate patterns in parallel with each other within one circuit block provided over a semiconductor substrate includes preparing a first photomask, performing a first photolithography process upon a photoresist layer within a circuit block by using the first photomask, preparing a second photomask that includes a trim photomask having at least one trim opening corresponding to a dummy gate pattern to remove a portion of the photoresist layer corresponding to the dummy gate pattern, and performing a second photolithography process upon the photoresist layer by using the second photomask.

Abstract: A method of producing particles includes providing a substrate structure that comprises a solid substrate; forming a target structure on said substrate structure, said target structure comprising a radiation-reactive material; forming a spatially patterned beam of radiation using a patterned mask; exposing at least a portion of the target structure to the spatially patterned beam of radiation to which the radiation-reactive material reacts while leaving other portions of the target structure unexposed to the radiation; removing substantially all of one of the exposed or the unexposed patterned portions of the target structure to provide a plurality of non-contiguous structures that include at least a portion of the radiation-reactive material; and separating the plurality of non-contiguous structures comprising the radiation-reactive material from the substrate structure into a fluid material.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the invention features a method that includes forming layer of a mask material on a surface of a first layer, patterning the layer of the mask material to obtain a mask feature, the mask feature having a surface comprising a depression, inducing mass transport of the mask material of the mask feature to obtain a modified mask feature, and transferring a profile of the modified mask feature into the first layer to form a first structure. In general, in another aspect, the invention features a method that includes forming layer of a mask material on a surface of a first layer, patterning the layer of the mask material to obtain a mask feature, inducing mass transport of the mask material of the mask feature to obtain a modified mask feature, and transferring a profile of the modified mask feature into the first layer to form a first structure.

Abstract: There is disclosed a patterning process including steps of at least: forming a photoresist film on a substrate; exposing the photoresist film to a high energy beam; developing by using a developer; forming a photoresist pattern; and then forming a spacer on the photoresist pattern sidewall, thereby forming a pattern on the substrate, a patterning process, wherein at least the photoresist pattern having the hardness of 0.4 GPa or more or the Young's modulus of 9.2 GPa or more as a film strength is formed, and a pattern is formed on the substrate by forming a silicon oxide film as the spacer on the photoresist pattern sidewall. There can be provided a patterning process without causing a deformation of a resist pattern and an increase in LWR at the time of forming a silicon oxide film on a photoresist pattern.

Abstract: A radiographic X-ray film comprising a polymer support. One or more silver halide emulsion layers are coated on each side of the support. A blue dye is contained within at least one of the polymer support or in an adjacent hydrophilic layer in a sufficient amount to result in a CIELAB measurement of L* less than or equal to 80 and b* less than or equal to ?25. This configuration provides, after imaging and development, radiographic images having desirable visual contrast, image tone, b*, and image quality.

Abstract: A preservation solution for organs waiting to be transplanted is disclosed; the method of using the solution in a transplantation procedure is also disclosed. The preservation solutions comprise a balanced isotonic aqueous solution comprising sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate ions in a physiologically acceptable amount, together with an effective amount of a mutein of the C5a anaphylatoxin which is a C5a receptor antagonist wherein the amino acid residue naturally occurring at sequence position 69 is mutated.

Abstract: A method for producing a non-specific adsorption inhibitor includes reacting (A) a tosylated compound of polyoxyethylene monomethyl ether with (B) a polyamine having either an amino group or imino group (—NH—), or both, in total of 3 to 12.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide a marker which is useful in diagnosing leukemia and a method of using the same. [Means for Solving Problems] A method of detecting a leukemia cell which comprises detecting a CD34-positive cell being negative in DOCK180 expression from a blood specimen. According to this method, a DOCK180 expression pattern specific to a tumor cell in leukemia, in particular, acute leukemia is confirmed so that information which is useful in diagnosing leukemia and monitoring and determining the severity and degree of recovery of the same by a doctor can be obtained by a convenient procedure using blood specimens and thus provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods for detecting at least one member of a known binding pair in a sample, including a cell, where one member of the pair (termed the “receptor”) is expressed by a bacteriophage, which phage is then used to detect the presence of the other member of the pair (termed the “ligand” or “target”). Rather than detecting the binding of at least one phage using antibody-based technology, the present invention relates to detecting the nucleic acid associated with the phages. In one aspect, the invention relates to identifying at least one antigen-bearing moiety (e.g., a red blood cell antigen) of interest present on a cell, e.g., a red blood cell, using antibody-displaying bacteriophages, using antiglobulin reagent-displaying bacteriophages and detecting at least one nucleic acid associated with the phage.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method to capture, detect, characterize and quantify human exosomes in small volumes of human body fluids by using a sandwich ELISA test. This method allows a full characterization of an exosome preparation, thus providing a tool to distinguish a disease-related condition from a healthy state, by the use of a non-invasive assay. In fact, this method may be useful in screening, diagnosis and prognosis of tumors, with a simple plasma sample. At the same time measurement of circulating exosomes may provide information on the level of tumor mass present in a patient. The method provided here is suitable to evaluate presence of some infectious and/or transmissible agents, such as viral proteins or prion proteins, within circulating exosomes.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for designing a nucleic acid binding protein of the Cys2-His2 zinc finger class capable of binding to a nucleic acid quadruplet in a target nucleic acid sequence, wherein binding to base 4 of the quadruplet by an alpha-helical zinc finger nucleic acid binding motif in the protein is determined as follows: if base 4 in the quadruplet is A, then position +6 in the alpha-helix is Glu, Asn or Val; if base 4 in the quadruplet is C, then position +6 in the alpha-helix is Ser, Thr, Val, Ala, Glu or Asn; if base 4 of the quadruplet is G, the position +6 in the alpha helix is Arg or Lys; if position 4 in the quadruplet is T, then position +6 in the alpha helix is Ser, Thr, Val or Lys.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for detecting the production of one or more analytes by cells in a sample. The method uses one or more immobilized binding proteins to capture one or more analytes released from cells. The, or each, binding protein is localized at one or more discrete locations on a solid surface within a well. Cells are introduced into the well and cultured under conditions suitable for release of the analyte(s) and for binding of the analyte(s) to the binding protein(s). Restricting the binding protein(s) to one or more discrete locations within the well, rather than coating the entire surface of the well, results in increased sensitivity of the assay.

Abstract: As described in more detail below, the present invention generally features compositions and non-invasive methods useful for the screening, identification, monitoring, or diagnosis of subjects having a neoplasia. The invention further provides highly accurate non-invasive methods for the staging or selection of treatment for a bladder, renal, or prostate cancer in a subject.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to methods and compositions for inducing stem cell or progenitor cell differentiation, and more particularly to methods and compositions for inducing differentiation of stem cells and/or progenitor cells into cells that function within the inner ear.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for acquiring nucleotide sequence information of target sequences. In particular, the present invention provides methods and compositions for improving the efficiency of sequencing reactions by using fewer labels to distinguish between nucleotides and by detecting nucleotides at multiple detection positions in a target sequence.

Abstract: A specific, non-synonymous SNP in the Prnp gene encoding the bovine prion protein affects the susceptibility of bovine animals to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Depending on the number of octapeptide repeat units present in the Prnp gene, the position of the SNP is either nucleotide 631 of exon 3 (codon 211) when the Prnp gene comprises six octapeptide repeat region sequences, nucleotide 607 of exon 3 (codon 203) when the Prnp gene comprises five octapeptide repeat region sequences, or nucleotide 655 of exon 3 (codon 219) when the Prnp gene comprises seven octapeptide repeat region sequences. Alleles of the bovine Prnp wherein the SNP at these positions is lysine (K) at the corresponding amino acids (i.e., 211, 203 or 219) in the bovine prion protein are all indicative of increased susceptibility to BSE in comparison to alleles which encode glutamic acid (E) at the same position.

Abstract: Described herein is Zscan4, a gene exhibiting 2-cell embryonic stage and embryonic stem cell specific expression. Identification of nine Zscan4 co-expressed genes is also described. Inhibition of Zscan4 expression inhibits the 2-cell to 4-cell embryonic transition and prevents blastocyst implantation, expansion and outgrowth. Provided herein are methods of inhibiting differentiation of a stem cell, promoting blastocyst outgrowth of embryonic stem cells and identifying a subpopulation of stem cells expressing Zscan4. Further described is the identification of Trim43 as a gene exhibiting morula-specific expression. Also provided are isolated expression vectors comprising a Zscan4 promoter, or a Trim43 promoter operably linked to a heterologous polypeptide and uses thereof. Further provided are transgenic animals comprising transgenes encoding marker proteins operably linked to Zscan4 and Trim43 promoters.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and articles of manufacture for assaying a sample for a target polynucleotide are provided. A sample suspected of containing the target polynucleotide is contacted with a polycationic multichromophore and a sensor polynucleotide complementary to the target polynucleotide. The sensor polynucleotide comprises a signaling chromophore to receive energy from the excited multichromophore and increase emission in the presence of the target polynucleotide. The methods can be used in multiplex form. Kits comprising reagents for performing such methods are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods to stabilize and/or improve the function of parenchymal cells. Also provided are systems of co-cultures of hepatocyte-stabilizing non-parenchymal cells used in bioreactor microenvironments to identify hepatic stabilizing factors by gene-expression profiling.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention a method for detecting low frequency occurrence of one or more HIV sequence variants associated with drug resistance is describe that comprises generating cDNA species from RNA molecules in an HIV sample population; amplifying first amplicons from the cDNA species, wherein each amplicon comprises amplified copies and is amplified with a pair of nucleic acid primers that define a locus; clonally amplifying the amplified copies of the first amplicons to produce second amplicons that comprise an immobilized population of substantially identical copies from one of the amplified copies of first amplicons; determining a nucleic acid sequence composition from at least 100 of the immobilized populations in parallel on a single instrument; detecting one or more sequence variants that occur at a frequency of 5% or less in the nucleic acid sequence composition of the at least 100 immobilized populations; and correlating the detected sequence variants with variation associated with HIV

Abstract: Methods for preparing strand-specific sequencing libraries of oligonucleotides using an RNA polymerase promoter to re-transcribe antisense cDNA which has been reverse transcribed from mRNA are provided. The transcription step linearly amplifies sRNA prior to production of double-stranded cDNA to be sequenced and may be sufficient to eliminate the conventional PCR amplification step prior to sequencing. The methods incorporate anchor sequences, amplification sequences and other sequences required for a particular sequencing system or reaction by hybridization and extension of primers, and transcription of RNA, rather than ligation, thus reducing the number of steps and the time required for sample preparation for sequencing of RNA. Use of primer hybridization and transcription reactions in the methods also results in a library that exhibits reduced 3? sequence bias.

Abstract: MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling of cells showed unique miRNA signatures for each of three Akt isoforms. Among differentially regulated miRNA species, the miR-200 family was downregulated in Akt2-expressing cells. Akt1 knockdown inhibited expression of miR-200 and promoted TGF?-induced epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and a stem cell like phenotype. Carcinomas developing in MMTV-cErb2/Akt1?/? mice exhibited increased invasiveness because of EMT induced by miR-200 downregulation. EMT was found to be controlled by miRNA species that are regulated by the balance between Akt1 and Akt2, rather than overall Akt levels.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to organic polymers able to participate in an analyte-recognition process, where an analyte facilitates an energy transfer between an energy donor and an energy acceptor. Certain embodiments of the invention make use of fluorescent conjugated polymers, such as poly(phenylene ethynylene)s and other polymers comprising pi-conjugated backbones. For example, one aspect of the invention provides a fluorescent conjugated polymer and an indicator that can interact with each other in the presence of an analyte to produce an emissive signal. In some cases, the interaction may include energy exchange mechanisms, such as Dexter energy transfer or the strong coupling effect. The interaction of the conjugated polymer and the indicator, in some instances, may be facilitated through specific interactions, such as a protein/carbohydrate interaction, a ligand/receptor interaction, etc.

Abstract: An immunoassay reagent is provided which comprises an analyte binding agent in a diluent, and a glycosaminoglycan in an amount sufficient to reduce non-specific binding in an assay of a sample for the analyte. Provided is such an immunoassay reagent in which the analyte is troponin I, the analyte binding agent is a biotinylated anti-troponin I antibody, and the glycosaminoglycan is chondroitin sulfate. A sample composition is also provided which comprises a sample to be assayed for the presence of an analyte, an analyte binding agent, and a glycosaminoglycan other than heparin. Further provided is a method of detecting an analyte in a sample, in which non-specific binding is reduced in the method using a glycosaminoglycan.

Abstract: A method of assaying for peptide-specific T-cells comprises adding peptide to a fluid sample of fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and detecting a cytokine such as interferon-? produced by T-cells that have been pre-sensitized to the peptide. The assay method is quick and cheap and is expected to be useful for the study of various disease states including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, tuberculosis, malaria, HIV and influenza.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for using the MHC class II invariant chain polypeptide, Ii (also known as CD74), as a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), are disclosed. These include methods and compositions for using this receptor, as well as agonists and antagonists of MIF which bind to this receptor, or which otherwise modulate the interaction of MIF with CD74 or the consequences of such interaction, in treatment of conditions characterized by locally or systemically altered MIF levels, particularly inflammatory conditions and cancer.

Abstract: The invention is directed to ?1-6 glucans, compositions, diagnostic kits, and devices comprising the same, and methods of use thereof in modulating immune response and treating, delaying progression of, reducing the incidence or severity of cancer, infection, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. The ?1-6 glucans of certain embodiments of the invention are enriched for O-acetylated groups and/or conjugated to a solid support or linked to a targeting moiety. The ?1-6 glucans of certain embodiments of the invention recruit immunoglobulin G antibodies to mediate complement and neutrophil killing. The conjugated ?1-6 glucans of certain embodiments of the invention are targeted to cells to stimulate the immune response at the target location by activating complement-mediated lysis and recruitment of neutrophils.

Abstract: A rapid and sensitive analyte detection assay is based on whispering gallery modes of fluorescently labelled microspheroidal particles. Ligands for the analyte, such as nucleic acids, are anchored to the particles. The fluorescent labels may comprise fluorophores or quantum dots. In the latter case, the particles may comprise melamine formaldehyde. The assay may be used to detect analytes in aqueous samples.

Abstract: Measurement of circulating ST2 and/or IL-33 concentrations is useful for the prognostic evaluation of subjects, in particular for the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes, e.g., mortality, and the detection of severe disease.

Abstract: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) immunoassays are performed using an ELISA sandwich assay that employs scavenging or sacrificial beads for reducing interference caused by cross-reacting endocrine glycoprotein hormone analogues such as Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Chorionic Gonadotropin (CG).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel photoactivable rhodamine or carbopyronine derivatives of the following general formulae G1-G4 (I), G1: A1=O, A2=N, A3=C; G2: A1=S, A2=N, A3=C; G3: A1=O, A2=O, A3=N; G4: A1=S, A2=O, A3=N; comprising UV light absorbing chromophores which after photolysis by irradiation at 254-490 nm (preferably at 375-420 nm) generate fluorescent rhodamine or carbopyronine derivatives and small non-toxic fragments such as N2 or N2O. The invention also relates to methods for preparing such compounds and to the use of these compounds for optical microscopy and imaging techniques.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel antibody which binds to wild type (wt) Glutathione S-transferase Omega 1 (wtGSTO1) but not to mutant (mut) GSTO1 and methods and uses based on the antibody. The antibody is based on novel haptens and immunogens.

Abstract: The present invention provides humanized antibodies that immunospecifically recognize the RGD sequence. Some of these antibodies inhibit the biological functions of the RGD proteins, thereby exhibiting therapeutic effects on various disorders or diseases that are associated with RGD proteins, including cancer, e.g., the growth and metastasis of a cancer cell, and inflammatory diseases, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, hepatitis, endometriosis, bronchial asthma, fibrosis, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, granuloma, an inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), an autoimmune disease, and so forth.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, the method may comprise: a) obtaining the antibody sequences from a population of B cells; b) grouping the antibody sequences to provide a plurality of groups of lineage-related antibodies; c) testing a single antibody from each of the groups in a bioassay and, after the first antibody has been identified, d) testing further antibodies that are in the same group as the first antibody in a second bioassay. In another embodiment, the method may comprise: a) testing a plurality of antibodies obtained from a first portion of an antibody producing organ of an animal; b) obtaining the sequence of a first identified antibody; c) obtaining from a second portion of said antibody producing organ the sequences of further antibodies that are related by lineage to said first antibody; and, c) testing the further antibodies in a second bioassay.

Abstract: Methods for measuring c-Met levels in urine and blood samples are provided. Methods for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation for cancer are also provided.