Abstract: This invention relates to a light angle selecting light detector device comprising a detector unit which is arranged to receive light selected by a selector unit. The device comprising at least one set of light passing areas. Each set of light passing areas consists of a first light passing area having a first size, which first light passing area is located on a first surface, and a second light passing area having a second size, which second light passing area is located on a second surface. The first light passing area and the second light passing area are arranged with a lateral displacement and form a light path from the first surface to the second surface for light having an incident angle between a maximum angle and a minimum angle.

Abstract: A rotary laser emitting apparatus includes a rotary body, a foundation configured to rotatably support the rotary body about an axis, a laser light emitting section contained in the rotary body and configured to emit laser light in a direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the rotary body, a relative slope detecting mechanism configured to detect an amount of deviation of the rotation axis of the rotary body from the axis of the foundation as a relative slope signal, and a transmitting section configured to transmit the relative slope signal detected by the relative slope detecting mechanism.

Abstract: A device for measuring the position of at least one moving object in a three-dimensional grid. The device comprises: at least one optical head comprising an independent laser sources array outputting collimated laser beams, arranged about a central photodetector with a single sensitive cell; at least one movable base with two rotational degrees of freedom whereto said array is secured; and control electronics.

Abstract: A light intensity measuring unit for measuring an intensity of light emitted from a microscope includes an aperture stop, a field stop, at least one measurement lens arranged between the aperture stop and the field stop, and an interface for attachment to a microscope. The aperture stop is positioned on or close to a back focal plane of the at least one measurement lens. The field stop is positioned on or close to a front focal plane of the at least one measurement lens.

Abstract: The invention provides a multi-parameter integrated cuvette pool having a plurality of cuvette pool cells. Adjacent cuvette pool cells are connected to each other through a connecting plate. A heat generation unit is arranged in each cuvette pool cell.

Abstract: In a case of generating a main body of an analysis tool and a micro flow path chip as separate components, to obtain an accurate sample analysis result and to accurately adjust fluid temperature inside the micro flow path chip without damaging an analytical light receiving section of the micro flow path chip. In analysis tool body (10) that detachably holds micro flow path chip (30) in a fixed manner, notch section (21) is formed in mount surface (13) onto which micro flow path chip (30) is to be mounted. Notch section (21) is formed in a predetermined range including a part corresponding to optical path L of light emitted from a lens of optical unit (60) in a state where analysis tool (1) is arranged on heat block (50).

Abstract: A laser induced breakdown spectroscopy system includes a laser module having a laser source, a sample chamber, a spectrometer arranged to capture spectral data from the sample chamber, a voltage source attached to the sample chamber arranged to apply a voltage to the sample during capture, and a controller in communication with the spectrometer, the voltage source and the laser module to trigger the voltage source and the spectrometer during laser excitation of the sample. A method of operating a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy system includes applying a voltage to a set of electrodes arranged around a sample, striking the sample with a laser during a time interval in which the voltage is being applied to the electrodes, sampling spectral data from the sample after the sample is struck with the laser, and removing the voltage after the spectral data has been sampled.

Abstract: Optical analysis systems may be useful in systems and methods for various properties of fluid cement compositions. For example, a method may include generating with an optical computing device a plurality of output signals corresponding to a plurality of time points and a characteristic of a fluid cement composition at a monitoring location within a flow path, the optical computing device having an electromagnetic radiation source configured to optically interact with the fluid cement composition and an integrated computational element, wherein the integrated computational element is configured to produce and convey optically interacted light to a detector which generates a plurality of output signals corresponding to the characteristic at a plurality of time points; receiving the plurality of output signals with a signal processor communicably coupled to the detector; and determining a difference between at least two of the output signals with the signal processor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and devices for detection of bacterial HAI. Disclosed methods may be utilized for continuous in vivo monitoring of a potential bacterial infection site and may be utilized to alert patients and/or health care providers to the presence of pathogenic bacteria at an early stage of infection. Disclosed methods include utilization of recombinant bacteriophage to deliver to pathogenic bacteria a translatable genetic sequence encoding an optically detectable marker or an enzyme capable of producing an optically detectable marker. Upon detection of the optical signal produced by the marker, medical personnel may be alerted to the presence of pathogenic bacteria at the site of inquiry. Any bacterial causative agent of HAI may be detected according to disclosed methods.

Abstract: In an immersion lithographic apparatus, bubble formation in immersion liquid is reduced or prevented by reducing a gap size or area on a substrate table. The gap size is reduced using an edge member which may be, for example, a ring known as a BES (Bubble Extraction System) ring. Information regarding the shape and/or cross-sectional dimension (e.g., diameter) of the substrate, or information regarding the size of the gap, is transmitted to a controller that controls the edge member in order for the edge member, for example, to be reduced to an appropriate size to reduce the gap as much as possible, desirably without compressing the edge of the substrate. Alternatively or additionally, the gap may be reduced by moving the substrate and/or edge member adjacent the edge of a surface of the substrate table.

Abstract: A high-speed optical measurement apparatus includes an objective lens unit, an optical path unit, a control circuit unit, a measurement sensor, an eyepiece unit, and a measurement sensor connection. The objective lens unit adjusts the magnitude of the overall light of the individual locations of the object or the set of multiple objects, and allows the light to make its entrance. The optical path unit changes the path of the incident light. The control circuit unit outputs a control signal which is used to change a direction of the light by controlling the optical path unit. The measurement sensor measures the incident light. The eyepiece unit conforms the light to the size and location of the measurement sensor. The measurement sensor connection fastens the measurement sensor so that the light incoming through the eyepiece unit is aligned with the measurement sensor.

Abstract: A multi-grating resonant waveguide (RWG) biosensor for an optical reader system having a spatial resolution limit is disclosed. The multi-grating RWG biosensor includes one or more signal-grating regions and one or more reference-grating regions. The multi-grating RWG biosensor can also include a non-resonance region that spatially separates the one or more signal-grating regions, that spatially separates the one or more reference-grating regions, and that spatially separates the one or more reference-grating regions from the one or more signal-grating regions. The non-resonance region can have a minimum width greater than the optical reader system spatial resolution limit. The RWG biosensor can have an asymmetric split-grating configuration. Methods of measuring a signal resonant wavelength of a multi-grating RWG biosensor using an optical reader having a spatial resolution limit are also disclosed.

Abstract: A quantum dynamical non-locality device is provided for establishing a photon traveling along a path in a binary state. The device includes twin Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), a shutter and a detector. The twin MZI includes first and second right-isosceles triangle prisms, corresponding first and second trombone mirrors, and corresponding first and second spacers. The prisms join at a beam-splitter interface. The mirrors reflect the photon by an offset substantially perpendicular to photon's travel direction. The spacers are respectively disposed between their respective prisms and mirrors to produce corresponding spatial gaps. The path through the prisms includes traversing spacers and gaps. The detector detects a quantum state of the photon after passing the prisms and the mirrors. The shutter switches to one of disposed within and removed therefrom the first gap. The shutter shifts said quantum state of the photon.

Abstract: A laser gyro includes an amplifying solid element and a device for vibrating said amplifying solid element at a predetermined frequency, along an axis of revolution of said amplifying solid element. The geometry of said amplifying solid element is such that a natural mode of mechanical vibration of said amplifying solid element corresponds to said predetermined frequency.

Abstract: With a film thickness measuring apparatus of the present invention, a substrate having a transparent film formed on its front surface is placed on a placement unit. A half mirror divides light from a light source such that divided light beams are emitted to the front surface of the substrate and to a reference plane, and overlays reflected light from the front surface of the substrate and reflected light from the reference plane on each other to form interfering light. The interfering light is imaged by an imager. Based on the imaging result, the film thickness of the transparent film is calculated by an arithmetic unit. An optical filter with which an intensity spectrum of transmitted light exhibits a plurality of peaks, the optical filter is disposed between the light source and the half mirror.

Abstract: In an apparatus and system for focusing optics an objective lens is configured to collect light from a region of an object to be imaged, said region having a feature with a known geometric characteristic, wherein the geometric characteristic is known before the feature is imaged by the optical device. A focusing sensor is configured to observe a shape of the feature and a splitter is configured to split the collected light into a first portion and a second portion, and directing said first portion through a weak cylindrical lens to the focusing sensor. A processor is configured to analyze the observed shape and determine whether the observed shape of the feature has a predetermined relationship to the known geometric characteristic and a mechanism is configured to autofocus the optical device by moving at least one of the objective lens and the object to be imaged in response to the analysis and determination of the processor. In some embodiments, the feature can be a fluorescent bead.

Abstract: Measuring with a system having retroreflector targets and a laser tracker includes storing a list of nominal coordinates for targets and one added point; capturing on a tracker photosensitive array a portion of the light emitted by a light beam and reflected off the targets; obtaining spot positions on a tracker camera photosensitive array from light reflected off the targets; determining a correspondence between three spot positions on the tracker photosensitive array and the nominal coordinates of the targets; directing a beam of light from the tracker to the targets based on the nominal coordinates of the first target and the first spot position; measuring 3-D coordinates of the targets with the tracker; determining 3-D coordinates of the at least one added point based on the measured 3-D coordinates of the targets and the nominal coordinates of the one added point.

Abstract: An optical position-measuring device includes a light source, a measuring reflector movable in space, a detection unit and a light-beam deflection unit that can align at least one beam of rays, emitted by the light source, in the direction of the measuring reflector. The light-beam deflection unit includes a cardan system having two cardan frames. A first cardan frame is adjustable by motor about a first axis of rotation, and a second cardan frame within the first cardan frame is adjustable by motor about a second axis of rotation oriented in a direction perpendicular to the first axis of rotation. The two axes of rotation intersect in a fixed reference point, at which a reference reflector is disposed. A plurality of mirrors are disposed rigidly on the cardan frames, so that the beam of rays can be pivoted about the fixed reference point via the mirrors during alignment.

Abstract: A proximity sensor with movement detection is provided. The proximity sensor may include an ASIC chip; at least three light sources configured to emit light in a particular sequence; and a photo detector configured to receive light and generate an output signal. The proximity sensor may have a compact size package, wherein the photo detector may be stacked on the ASIC chip and disposed at a substantially equal distance from the at least three light sources. The proximity sensor includes a driver operable to generate a current to a plurality of light sources in a particular timing sequence, a photo detector configured to receive light and generate an output signal, an ASIC configured to report the movement of an object near the proximity sensor if the output signal pattern generated matches one of the output signal patterns from among a set of known output signal patterns. The proximity sensor may be configured to be used as a counter or an on/off switch based on particular movements detected.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting an increase in thickness of a strip of material from a desired thickness. The apparatus may comprise a light source, a light detector, an indicator, a first fiber optic cable coupled with the light source, a second fiber optic cable coupled with the light detector, and a housing. The housing may comprise a material slot for passing the strip of material therethrough and fixing optical fibers of the first fiber optic cables to reflect light off of a first and second face of the strip of material into optical fibers of the second fiber optic cable. The amount of light detected by the light detector depends on the proximity of each of the faces of the strip of material to ends of the optical fibers. The thicker the strip of material, the less light received by the light detector, which may actuate the indicator.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improved workflow management for a related group of jobs. A group of related jobs are received from a job source and are processed independently and in accordance with an associated job type for each job. The jobs may be processed and reprocessed independent of all other jobs in the group and may be processed substantially concurrently or in parallel. A group workflow manager assures synchronization of the jobs to generate the expected order in the output. The synchronization is defined by synchronization actions processed as part of the workflow processing. The synchronization actions may be defined in the job type of each job, or in a group job type, or defined by user interaction.

Abstract: A double-side recording apparatus includes a recording section that performs recording by ejecting liquid to a sheet-shaped medium; a reversing section that reverses the medium after recording on one side of the medium; a capping section of the recording section; a moving section that moves the recording section to a second position where the recording section is capped and a first position other than the second position; and a controller that controls the moving section and the capping section. The controller determines whether a waiting time set to cause recording to wait for drying exceeds a threshold value before a reversing operation by the reversing section is initiated after recording on the one side of the medium is completed.

Abstract: To reduce downtime due to maintenance of an image processing apparatus as much as possible. Image processing jobs and maintenance jobs of the image processing apparatus are treated in the same way and registered together in the same table. With reference to a table having recorded therein prohibited functions that need to be prohibited during execution of the maintenance job, control is performed such that an image processing job that does not use the prohibited functions (Step S15: NO) is executed in parallel with the maintenance job even during execution (Step S16).

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for generating accessible documents. In one embodiment, an initial document in a print format is obtained. The print format of the initial document is identified as one of a plurality of print formats. A parser corresponding to the one of the plurality of print formats is applied such that the initial document is parsed according to the print format of the initial document. An intermediate document that conforms to an intermediate format is generated based upon results obtained from applying the parser. A template for converting the intermediate document into an accessible document is obtained. The template is then such that an accessible document corresponding to the initial document is generated, wherein the accessible document includes a plurality of tags that designate an order of a plurality of regions of the accessible document.

Abstract: A configuration for an image reading device, an image forming device or a multifunction apparatus may include systems and arrangements for routing electrical flexible flat cables to reduce potential damage and noise. The positioning and connection points between various other components including reading portions, hinge members, a control circuit board and the like may also be configured to reduce size, noise and potential for damage.

Abstract: When an input value is a standard value which is smaller than a maximum value (for example, 230), all pixels of a screen matrix is printed with the same output value (for example, 195), when the input value is within the range not more than the standard value, the output value is limited to not more than 195, and number of the pixels is changed so as to express graduation. In the range where the input value exceeds the standard value, the graduation is expressed by changing the output value of each pixel in the range above 195 while printing all the pixels of the screen.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for displaying encoded data that represent a) features and options currently supported by a printing device, b) a printer identifier for the printing device, and c) network service interface data for a network service, wherein the network service interface data allow a mobile device to send print settings selection data and electronic document identification data to the network service; and processing print data and causing a printed version of an electronic document represented by the print data to be printed by the printing device.

Abstract: An electronic document management device including: an electronic document storage unit that includes a plurality of boxes for storing electronic documents, each box being accessible to a user or a user group having an access right thereto, each of the plurality of boxes storing an electronic document that includes one or more constituent elements, each constituent element being attached with either disclosure-enabled information or disclosure-disabled information depending on a box storing the electronic document; and a modifying unit operable to modify, for each box, each constituent element that is attached with the disclosure-disabled information, so as not to be disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for processing print jobs, comprising: determining whether a second print job being processed by an RIP is needed to pause and whether a third print job being processed by a print device is needed to pause according to a priority of a first print job requesting to be printed; storing, where the second print job is needed to pause, a processing state of the second print job and processing the first print job by the RIP; storing, where the third print job is needed to pause, a processing state of the third print job, and printing the first print job by the print device; resuming the processing for the second print job according to the stored processing state of the second print job after the first print job is processed by the RIP; and resuming the processing for the third print job according to the stored processing state of the third print job after the first print job is printed by the print device.

Abstract: A printed matter examination apparatus includes a master data acquiring unit configured to acquire master data that is data for printing and contains code information that is converted for printing; a code information acquiring unit configured to acquire unconverted code information; a code information recognition unit configured to recognize the converted code information from the acquired master data; and a code information examination unit configured to compare the converted code information recognized by the code information recognition unit with the acquired unconverted code information and determine that the converted code information is incorrect when the converted code information is not identical to the unconverted code information.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically redirecting a job in a community of networked devices. A peer-based device community can be created by connecting at least two networked devices utilizing a manual/self-discovery approach based on a set of rules and policies in order to interact and publish a device capability within the device community. A self-assessment approach can be employed to monitor and track the status and consumables of each networked device. A device can perform a self-assessment based on particular criteria and then determine, based on such criteria, whether to request assistance. Such a request is broadcast by the device and includes job ticket data and data indicating why such a request is being made. Devices receiving the request then perform a self-assessment in relation to the specific job and determine if they can provide better service.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus capable of reducing power consumption of a printing apparatus efficiently according to a processing situation. An accumulation unit accumulates print jobs that should be transmitted to the printing apparatus. An acquisition unit acquires an operation history and a power consumption history of the printing apparatus. A setting unit sets a threshold value for determining a timing of transmitting the print jobs accumulated in the accumulation unit in series to the printing apparatus based on the operation history and the power consumption history acquired. A determination unit determines the timing of transmitting the print jobs based on the threshold value. A transmission unit transmits the print jobs accumulated in the accumulation unit in series to the printing apparatus at the timing determined.

Abstract: In a copying machine that installs the function of preventing unauthorized copying, when copy prohibition information is extracted, whether output is permitted or prohibited in each of different types of output processing is set, and, when the copy prohibition information is extracted from a document image, if a setting for permitting the output in the output processing in which an output start is instructed is made, the output is performed.

Abstract: An image forming system includes an information management unit, at least one image forming unit, an authenticating unit, a determining unit, an adding unit, a notifying unit, and a controller. The information management unit stores and manages print information. Each image forming unit forms an image on a recording medium in accordance with the print information. The authenticating unit authenticates a recipient of an output result of the image forming unit. The determining unit determines whether or not the print information requires authentication. The adding unit adds authentication information about the recipient to the print information when the print information requires authentication. The notifying unit notifies the recipient of information regarding the print information with the authentication information added. The controller controls the information management unit to transmit the print information to the image forming unit to form an image when the recipient has been successfully authenticated.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is provided that includes plural devices, a device control unit associated with each of the devices for controlling a power status of each of the devices according to a relevant power mode, and power mode setting unit for setting the relevant power mode to the device control unit.

Abstract: A printing system according to the invention includes an image processing apparatus having an editing unit for editing document data into description language data interpretable to a terminal apparatus, an extracting unit for extracting a portion of the description language data as extracted data based on the conversion table for converting a preset command, a converting unit for converting the extracted data to converted data based on the conversion table, and a producing unit for producing transmission data by adding the converted data in a command format to the description language data and includes an image forming apparatus for printing images based the converted transmission data upon removing the comment format. The printing system can reduce a load on the side of the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, a client, an image forming system and a control method in the image forming system, the system including: an image forming apparatus and a client connected to the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes an embedded web server storing data on a plurality of executing windows respectively corresponding to a plurality of display items of the image forming apparatus. The client includes a display unit and a selection unit to select at least one display item to be displayed from among the plurality of items provided by the image forming apparatus. Accordingly, the client displays, through the display unit, the executing window based on data on an executing window corresponding to the display item of the web server.

Abstract: A printing control device includes: a banner data detecting unit that detects banner data from print data; a data acquiring unit that acquires, when the banner data are detected by the banner data detecting unit, data for designating a printing condition for printing a text located after the banner data in the print data; and a printing condition setting unit that sets, when the data for designating the printing condition for printing the text are acquired by the data acquiring unit, the printing condition as a printing condition for printing the print data.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for filling forms, including using a graphical capture device, are described herein.

Abstract: A communication apparatus connected with an image processing apparatus including a reading unit for reading an image on a document to generate image data based on the read image. The communication apparatus receives from the image processing apparatus a process definition file defining details of reading processing to be performed by the reading unit and details of transmission processing for transmitting the image data generated by the reading unit, and the image data generated by the reading unit according to the definitions described in the process definition file. The communication apparatus transmits the received image data according to the definitions described in the received process definition file. When an error occurs in image data transmission, the communication apparatus determines whether to notify the occurrence of the error to a source of the process definition file depending on details about the error occurring.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, receiving and processing data transmitted from an image processing apparatus, includes a determination unit, first requesting unit, first analysis unit, second requesting unit, second analysis unit, and image forming unit. The determination unit determines whether or not the data are receivable. The first requesting unit requests the image processing apparatus to transmit first data where the determination unit determines that the data are not receivable. The first analysis unit analyzes the first data received from the image processing apparatus. The second requesting unit requests the image processing apparatus to transmit second data serving as image information corresponding to the first data based on an analysis result provided by the first analysis unit. The second analysis unit analyzes the second data received from the image processing apparatus. The image forming unit forms an image based on an analysis result provided by the second analysis unit.

Abstract: A printer includes a communicating unit that receives a print job being a unit of execution of a printing process of a first printing protocol and a second printing protocol. The first printing protocol contains a series of process instructions and print data that allow the printing process to be performed from an interrupted point when the printing process is resumed after being interrupted. The printer also includes a print processing unit that performs the printing process by executing the print job, and a priority processing unit that preferentially selects a print job of the first printing protocol related to the interrupted printing process when receiving a print job of the first printing protocol related to the interrupted printing process and a print job of the second printing protocol after the printing process of the print job of the first printing protocol is interrupted.

Abstract: The subject application is directed to a system and method for controlling a document processing device via a remote device interface. Display data is generated corresponding to the control of the document processing device, following which instructions are received from a user corresponding to one or more document processing operations. An image is then generated on a display integrated in the document processing device based on the display data and the received instructions. The display data is then communicated, via an established data connection, to an associated data processing device having both a user data input and a user display. Control instructions for the document processing device are then received from the associated data processing device so as to allow for user control of a document processing operation and a document processing operation is commenced based on instructions received from the data processing device.

Abstract: A terminal device may comprise a memory configured to store a browser application including a first program and a second program, and a processor comprising a first processing unit and a second processing unit. The first processing unit configured to acquire specific data from the internet and display a browser screen including the specific data on a displaying unit, and the second processing unit configured to execute a process. The second processing unit may display a predetermined inputting portion on the browser screen, and acquire new specific data in a case where the predetermined inputting portion is operated. The new specific data may be transformed from the specific data being displayed on the browser screen. The new specific data may have a specific format that a specific printer can interpret. The second processing unit may send the new specific data to the specific printer.

Abstract: When an initial communication program is started, a handheld device searches for image forming apparatuses within its communicable range. Then, upon receiving a response of that inquiry from an image forming apparatus, the handheld device requests the image forming apparatus for an image-forming-apparatus control program for handheld devices according to a predetermined determination condition. The image forming apparatus then responds to the inquiry from the handheld device and sends to the handheld device the image-forming-apparatus control program for handheld devices that has been stored in a memory device. Upon receiving the image-forming-apparatus control program for handheld devices, the handheld device stores it in a memory unit, terminates the execution of the initial communication program, and executes the image-forming-apparatus control program for handheld devices.

Abstract: When a user approaches an MFP, a print process based on print data corresponding to the user is executed immediately. MFP executes a program including the steps of: searching for an IC tag held by a user in a designated range (S3000); transmitting, when an IC tag is searched out, user information received from the IC tag to a server (S3040); when a user alarm request signal, which is transmitted if uploaded data corresponding to the user information satisfies user alarm conditions, is received from the server, executing a user alarm process (S3060); receiving RIP data obtained by converting the uploaded data corresponding to the user information from the server (S3070); displaying print data (S3090); and, when the print data is designated and printing is requested (YES at S3100), executing print process using the RIP data (S3110).

Abstract: A computer readable medium having a computer program product stored thereon, the computer program product including instructions for ordering a computer to perform the following steps. The steps include a first receiving step of receiving a facsimile command from a client device configured to executes a facsimile application program, a first determining step of determining whether or not to allow communication with a facsimile device based on a predetermined condition when receiving the facsimile command at the first receiving step, and a transferring step of transferring the facsimile command received at the first receiving step to the facsimile device when the communication is allowed at the first determining step.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes a first circuit which creates image data on the basis of print job data, a second circuit which causes a printing unit to print an image on the basis of the image data created by the first circuit and is different from the first circuit, and a storage capable of being accessed by the first circuit and the second circuit, respectively. Additionally, when data is transferred in the first circuit and the second circuit, one circuit writes the data in the storage, and the other circuit reads out the data to transfer the data, thereby executing printing of an image.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a first profile of printing settings is created at a server system. Data indicative of a capability of a first printer is received at the server system. A second profile of printing settings specific to the first printer is created at the server system, the second profile including portions of the first profile consistent with the capability. A first print job is received at the server system over a web. The print job is caused to be printed at the first printer in accordance with the second profile.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes a job registering unit, an address setting unit, a control unit, a detecting unit, and a transmitting unit. The job registering unit registers a job. The address setting unit sets an electronic mail address to be set as a transmission destination of a status concerning the job registered in the job registering unit. The control unit executes the job registered in the job registering unit. The detecting unit detects the status concerning the job executed by the control unit. The transmitting unit transmits an electronic mail including the status of the job detected by the detecting unit to the electronic mail address set by the address setting unit.