Abstract: Provided are a display device which is advantageous not only in that it can smoothly switch display/non-display for a desired pattern and has a memory effect, but also in that the display device has a simple construction of the members thereof and can be driven at a low voltage, and exhibits high display contrast and can be increased in the display area, and a color electronic paper using the same.

Abstract: An optical cell may include a first port coupled to a second port by an optical path. The optical cell may also include a compensator disposed in the optical path. The compensator may be rotatable about an axis. Rotating the compensator about the axis may vary a distance that the optical path passes through the compensator thereby changing the optical path length of the optical path.

Abstract: A display element comprises a reservoir and a channel connected to the reservoir. The channel extends across an area including a visible area of the display element, and the reservoir is substantially outside the visible area. The display element further comprises at least one electrode and a luminescent fluid in the reservoir and movable, by means of signals applied to the at least one electrode, between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the luminescent fluid is substantially contained in the reservoir outside the visible area and in the second position, the luminescent fluid extends along the channel to occupy the visible area. The luminescent fluid absorbs light in a first color waveband and converts the absorbed light to light in a second color waveband different from the first color waveband.

Abstract: A changeable liquid lens array and a method of manufacturing the same. The changeable liquid lens array includes a substrate, a plurality of partition walls arrayed on the substrate and having a fluid travel path, cells defined by the plurality of partition walls, a first fluid comprised in the cells, a second fluid arranged on the first fluid, a first electrode arranged on at least one side surface of each of the partition walls, and a second electrode disposed to be separate from the partition walls. A shape of shape of an interface between the first fluid and the second fluid changes based on a voltage that is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for enhancing the brightness and/or contrast ratio of display devices. In one aspect, the display devices can include an annular diffuser that is configured to scatter light into a ring shaped region. The annular diffuser can include a plurality of axicon lenses or holographic features. The reflective display can include an annular diffuser to shift the direction along which most of the modulated light is scattered away from the direction along which light is specularly reflected by the display devices to reduce specular glare and enhance brightness and/or contrast ratio.

Abstract: The invention provides materials and methods (including driving methods) for reducing the effects of remnant voltages in electro-optic displays.

Abstract: A polychrome electrophoretic ink including at least four types of particles dispersed in a nonpolar organic medium, each particle type containing a pigment of a color which is associated therewith, having a positive or negative electrostatic charge, characterized in that at least one of the abovementioned particle types has a magnetic property (magnetic core) such that each particle type can migrate in a predetermined manner under the combined action of an electrostatic force and of a magnetic return force.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image control module that can be disposed on a display module to form a stereoscopic image display module is provided. The stereoscopic image control module includes a first substrate, a touch composite layer, and a grating composite layer. The first substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the touch composite layer is disposed on at least one of the first surface and the second surface and includes a plurality of touch electrodes. The grating composite layer is disposed on the second surface and includes a plurality of grating control electrodes and a grating layer, wherein the grating control electrodes change a polarity of the grating layer to determine a display mode.

Abstract: Disclosed are a light conversion member and a display device having the same. The display device includes a light source, and a light conversion member adjacent to the light source. The light conversion member includes a plurality of light conversion particles to convert a wavelength of a light emitted from the light source, and a sealing member to receive the light conversion particles. The sealing member includes an incident part facing an exit surface of the light source, an exit part facing the incident part while the light conversion particles are interposed between the exit part and the incident part, and a reflection part connected to the incident part and the exit part.

Abstract: Pulses from a mode-locked Yb-doped laser (12) are spectrally broadened in an optical fiber (28), and temporally compressed in a grating compressor (32), then frequency-doubled (34) and used to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) (40). The OPO output is tunable over a wavelength range from about 600 nm to about 1100 nm. Mode-locking in the Yb-doped laser (12) is accomplished with a SESAM (14) or by Kerr-lens mode-locking with a Kerr medium (82) and a hard aperture (84).

Abstract: Various embodiments described herein include rare earth doped glass compositions that may be used in optical fiber and rods having large core sizes. Such optical fibers and rods may be employed in fiber lasers and amplifiers. The index of refraction of the glass may be substantially uniform and may be close to that of silica in some embodiments. Possible advantages to such features include reduction of formation of additional waveguides within the core, which becomes increasingly a problem with larger core sizes.

Abstract: Provided are a method of manufacturing a polarized light splitting element, a polarized light splitting element, a light radiating device, a method of radiating light, and a method of manufacturing an orientationally-ordered photoalignment layer. The method of manufacturing a polarized light splitting element has a simple manufacturing process and a low production cost, and may be used to easily manufacture a large-scale UV ray polarized light splitting element. In addition, the polarized light splitting element may have excellent durability to UV rays and heat, and a low pitch dependency on a polarization characteristic, thereby facilitating performance of the manufacturing process, and excellent polarity in a short wavelength region.

Abstract: The present application generally relates to EAA films including at least one triazine-based ultraviolet absorber. The present application also generally related to retroreflective sheeting including an EAA film including a triazine-based ultraviolet absorber. One embodiments of the present application relates to a film, comprising poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) and a triazine-based UVA. Another embodiment of the present application relates to retroreflective sheeting, comprising: a plurality of cube corner elements; and a body layer adjacent to the cube corner elements, the body layer including poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) and a triazine-based UVA.

Abstract: A tube of a surgical microscope has a base part, intermediate part pivotable about a rotational axis on the base part, and an ocular part pivotable about a rotational axis on the intermediate part. An imaging beam path passes through the base part, intermediate part and ocular part. The tube has a tube lens system which transfers a parallel imaging beam path into an intermediate image. The parallel imaging beam path enters via an opening in a connecting piece of the base part. The tube has a first mirror movable about the rotational axis on the base part and a further mirror movable on the intermediate part about the rotational axis. The first mirror directs the imaging beam path to the further mirror. The first mirror and further mirror are mounted in the imaging beam path between a lens unit having positive refractive power and a lens unit having negative refractive power.

Abstract: A non-linear microscopy includes an illuminating unit collecting an illuminating light supplied from a light source on a specimen and making a coherent non-linear optical process takes place at a collecting point; a detecting unit detecting a coherent object light occurred in the non-linear optical process and generating a signal indicating light intensity at a light detecting part; and a controlling unit scanning a specimen plane of the specimen by the collecting point and measuring a distribution of the signal on the specimen plane; in which at least one of an optical path of the illuminating light from the light source toward the specimen and an optical path of the object light from the specimen toward the light detecting part is duplicated to a pair of optical paths, and a relationship between the pair of optical paths is set to a symmetric relationship with respect to the specimen plane.

Abstract: Eye-glasses for viewing stereoscopic images or a perspective sub-image of a stereoscopic image, comprising at least one interference filter that has at least one photosensitive polymer film and at least two separated filter regions, said filter regions being superimposed along at least one normal line that stands vertically on a first outer surface of the interference filter, between a first point at which the normal line pierces the first outer surface and a second point at which the normal line pierces a second outer surface of the interference filter after having passed through said interference filter proceeding from the first point, and said filter regions being, along said normal line, at least substantially impermeable to a respective predetermined wavelength interval of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: An improved collapsible stereoscope made of a stiff but bendable material. The stereoscope includes a front viewing panel with apertures for lenses, a rear picture holding panel, and bracing side walls, all integrally hinged to a bottom panel. Each bracing side wall varies in height so that it is tall enough in some regions to provide structural support, but short enough in other regions to reduce or prevent the casting of shadows on the stereogram. The length of each bracing side wall is longer than length of the bottom panel, so that when each bracing side wall is secured to the front panel, the bracing side walls bend in toward each other at a preformed folding crease which improves structural stability of the stereoscope, holds stereograms against the picture holding panel, and reduces shadowing on the stereogram. The collapsible stereoscope can be used as a greeting card.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decorrelating coherent light from a light source, such as a pulsed laser, in both time and space in an effort to provide intense and uniform illumination are provided. For some embodiments employing a pulsed light source, the output pulse may be stretched relative to the input pulse width. The methods and apparatus described herein may be incorporated into any application where intense, uniform illumination is desired, such as pulsed laser annealing, welding, ablating, and wafer stepper illuminating.

Abstract: A vibration member driving method is provided which can efficiently move driven objects, including dust, in a predetermined direction with vibrations. In the vibration member driving method of applying at least two driving voltages to at least one electro-mechanical energy conversion element, which is disposed in a vibration member, and generating a plurality of standing waves, which are different in order from each other, in the vibration member with a time phase difference set between the standing waves, thereby producing a composite vibration resulting from the plurality of standing waves, the driving method includes changing at least one of a voltage amplitude ratio and a time phase difference between the at least two driving voltages such that an amplitude distribution of the composite vibration is changed.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an image pickup unit, a shutter unit located at a front surface at a subject side of the image pickup unit, a first optical member disposed at a subject side of the shutter unit, and preventing dust particles from entering the shutter unit, a second optical member disposed at the image pickup unit side of the shutter unit, and preventing dust particles from entering the shutter unit, and a vibration applying vibration member disposed on at least one of the first optical member and the second optical member, and vibrating the first optical member or the second optical member at a position outside a region where a subject light transmits.

Abstract: The zoom lens includes in order from an object side to an image side where N represents an integer equal to or more than 5, a first lens unit, a second lens unit, an (N?2)-th lens unit, an (N?1)-th lens unit and an N-th lens unit respectively having positive, negative, positive, negative and positive refractive powers. The (N?1)-th lens unit includes an image stabilizing lens unit. The conditions of 0.01<BldN/TDw<0.09 and 2.0<fN/fw<8.0 are satisfied where BldN represents a length of the N-th lens unit on the optical axis, TDw represents a distance on the optical axis between a most object side lens surface and a most-image side lens surface at a wide-angle end, fw represents a focal length of the entire zoom lens at the wide-angle end, and fN represents a focal length of the N-th lens unit.

Abstract: A lens including: a central refracting portion and a peripheral portion configured to support the lens in a lens mount wherein the peripheral portion has a surface including at least one out-coupling element configured to couple light out of the lens.

Abstract: One or more coated layers having a variation in index of refraction can provide improvements in antireflection property. For example, different sol gel formulations can be employed in a multiple coating step approach to achieve a desired gradation of index of refraction using individual or combinations of particles containing sol formulations. Different organic porosity forming agents, surfactants and binders can be used to provide further control in forming the gradual index of refraction. In addition, different heat and chemical treatment conditions could also provide control over the gradation of index of refraction.

Abstract: An anti-reflection coat includes an intermediate layer and a low refractive index layer sequentially stacked on a substrate, and preventing the reflection of incident light by optical interference effect, wherein the low refractive index layer is a film formed on the surface of the intermediate layer by a wet film formation method using a coating liquid including layer-constituting raw materials which includes hollow silica particles adhering each other with a binder, and the intermediate layer is a layer mainly composed of an organometallic compound which adheres well to the binder and having wettability to the coating liquid; and provides an optical device including the anti-reflection coat.

Abstract: A decorative film having a wood-like 3-dimensional appearance includes a plurality of Fresnel mirrors extending generally parallel to an in-plane axis, a diffuser disposed to scatter light reflected by the Fresnel mirrors, and wood-grain indicia disposed to cover the Fresnel mirrors. Embodiments of the film can be made to simulate highly figured wood such as flame maple, also called fiddleback maple. Other decorative articles that utilize Fresnel mirrors are also disclosed. At least some of these other articles do not have a wood-like appearance, and they may include a Fresnel mirror film in combination with other components such as a Fresnel lens film or other light-transmissive film(s).

Abstract: A method for providing a supporting structure in a flat-plate display is disclosed. The display has a display panel, a diffuser panel, a reflector panel to reflect light from a backlight unit towards the diffuser panel in order to illuminate the display panel. The supporting structure has a plurality of support pins located in that gap between the diffuser panel and the reflector panel for supporting the diffuser panel. The support pins are either molded with the diffuser panel, fused into the diffuser panel or attached to the diffuser panel using an index matching optical adhesive.

Abstract: First and second optical films in a stack each have a structured surface defining extended Fresnel lenses. First and second Fresnel lenses of the respective first and second films extend generally parallel to different first and second in-plane axes respectively. The films may be attached together such that light transmitted by one film is intercepted by the other. The film stack may also include a diffuser disposed to scatter light transmitted by the optical film(s). Other disclosed decorative articles include an individual optical film having a structured surface with transmissive facets arranged in a cyclic slope sequence from substantially zero to a maximum positive slope to substantially zero to a maximum negative slope and back to substantially zero, the sequence repeating over some or all of the structured surface. The slope sequence may define alternating focusing and defocusing Fresnel lenses, and the Fresnel lenses may be extended and linear.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: an eyeglass-type frame worn by a head of a viewer; and an image display apparatus attached to the frame, wherein the image display apparatus includes an image formation device, and an optical device on which light that exits from the image formation device is incident, through which the light is guided, and out of which the light exits, the frame is formed of a front portion, two temple portions extending from both ends of the front portion, a nose pad, and an attachment member, the attachment member is attached to a central section of the front portion, the optical device is attached to the attachment member, and the nose pad is so attached to the attachment member that the nose pad is movable upward and downward.

Abstract: This invention provides an injection-molded plastic optical lens comprising: an optical effective region and a peripheral region that are concentrically formed. An outer edge of the peripheral region comprises an indentation section, and an accommodation space surrounded by the indentation section of the outer edge of the peripheral region and an extending line extending from the non-indented section of the outer edge of the peripheral region. The accommodation space confines a flash generated during the injection-molding process of the plastic optical lens so that the assembling of the present plastic optical lens will not be affected. The present invention employs a mold having an air duct connected to an indentation configuration of the mold. The indentation section of the plastic optical lens is formed through a mold replication of the indentation configuration.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having negative refractive power, a second lens unit having positive refractive power, and a third lens unit having negative refractive power. The first lens unit and the second lens unit move during zooming to make a distance between the first lens unit and the second lens unit larger at a telephoto end than at a wide-angle end. The third lens unit consists of, in order from the object side to the image side, a first lens subunit having positive refractive power and a second lens subunit having negative refractive power, and the second lens subunit moves toward the image side during focusing from an infinite-distance object to a near-distance object.

Abstract: Optical lens attachments and cameras are disclosed. The attachment comprises a coupling mechanism for mating engagement with at least one of a camera and an optical lens. A barrel is coupled at one end to the coupling mechanism. A negative lens unit is coupled to the other end of elongated barrel. A diopter lens is disposed between the barrel and the coupling mechanism. The coupling mechanism, the diopter lens, and the barrel are aligned with an optical axis. Also disclosed is a double swivel optical system, comprising a negative lens unit, a mirror oriented at an angle to the optical axis of the negative lens unit, a roof prism for rotating incident light rays by 90 degrees and inverting an image, a rotation mechanism permitting rotation of the negative lens unit about a vertical axis, an image rotator comprising a prism that can invert an image, the prism disposed within the image rotator, and another rotation mechanism permitting rotation of the roof prism about an optical axis of the image rotator.

Abstract: An optical image capturing system includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element. The first lens element with positive refractive power has a convex object-side surface. The second through seventh lens elements all have refractive power. The sixth lens element has an object-side surface and an image-side surface which are both aspheric. The seventh lens element has an object-side surface and an image-side surface which are both aspheric, its wherein the image-side surface of the seventh lens element changes from concave at a paraxial region thereof to convex at a peripheral region thereof.

Abstract: An image system lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element and a sixth lens element. The first lens element with negative refractive power has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface. The second lens element has positive refractive power. The third lens element has refractive power. The fourth lens element with negative refractive power has a concave object-side surface and a convex image-side surface. The plastic fifth lens element with positive refractive power has at least one aspheric surface. The plastic sixth lens element with refractive power has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface, and has at least one aspheric surface, wherein the image-side surface thereof changes from concave at a paraxial region to convex at a peripheral region.

Abstract: A see-through free-form head-mounted display including a wedge-shaped prism-lens having free-form surfaces and low F-number is provided.

Abstract: A vibration-type motor controller controls a driving speed of a vibration-type motor relatively moving a vibrating body in which a vibration is excited by an electromechanical energy conversion element 20 to which a first frequency signal and a second frequency signal having a phase difference are applied, and a contacting body which contacts the vibrating body. The vibration-type motor controller includes a speed controller 1 configured to alternately switch a frequency control which changes frequencies of the first and second frequency signals while fixing the phase difference and a phase difference control which changes the phase difference while fixing the frequency so that at least one of a plurality of frequency controls or a plurality of phase difference controls are included to increase and decrease the driving speed of the vibration-type motor.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes a fixed portion with an optical system including a focusing lens. An operation member is placed so as to be movable to first and second positions along an optical axis of the fixed portion, and turnable around the optical axis at the first and second positions. A turning member turns along with the operation member when moved to the second position, and does not operate with the operation member when moved from the second position to the first position. Positioning means position the operation member at the first or second position through a plurality of balls. When the operation member is at the first position it is urged to the first position by the plurality of balls. When the operation member is at the second position, it is urged to the second position by the plurality of balls.

Abstract: A display panel including an active device array substrate, a color filter and a display medium layer is provided. The color filter is disposed above the active device array substrate and includes a substrate and a yellowish photoresist. The yellowish photoresist is disposed between the substrate and the active device array substrate. The yellowish photoresist includes a first fluorescent material, and the optical transmittance in the optical transmitted spectrum of the yellowish photoresist corresponding to the wavelength between 600 nm and 800 nm is greater than 1. The display medium layer is disposed between the active device array substrate and the color filter.

Abstract: A hard disk of a computer system includes a platter, a spindle motor, a magnetic head, a cache, an interface for connections, and a main control chip. The main control chip within the hard disk detects whether or not each of the cache, the platter, the spindle motor, and the magnetic head are individually working normally. When any of the cache, the platter, the spindle motor, and the magnetic head is not working normally, the main control chip outputs a signal accordingly to an external device connected to the interface.

Abstract: A control method of controlling a disk storage unit, includes: obtaining, by a computer, for a plurality of sectors allocated on a disk included in the disk storage unit, track identifying information that identifies a track to which sectors belong, in a first order starting from a first start sector; and storing, if first track identifying information obtained in a first sector of the plurality of sectors does not match second track identifying information obtained in a second sector of the plurality of sectors immediately before the first sector, a data length from the first start sector to the second sector in a storage unit.

Abstract: A high frequency, AC-modulated heater current is applied to a heater of a magnetic head. A resistance change of a temperature sensor located at a region of proximity to a magnetic media is determined. The resistance change occurs in response to the heater current.

Abstract: A base unit includes a stator and a base member including a first recess portion, a second recess portion, and at least one through-hole. The first recess portion is arranged on an upper surface of the base member to surround the hole portion and depressed toward the lower surface thereof. The second recess portion is arranged radially outward of the first recess portion and depressed toward a lower surface thereof. The through-hole is arranged inside the first recess portion to extend through the base member. The second recess portion includes a protrusion portion and a third recess portion. The protrusion portion protrudes from the lower surface of the base member toward the upper surface of the base member. The third recess portion is depressed from the lower surface of the base member toward the upper surface of the base member and positioned at the opposite side from the protrusion portion.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic head manufacturing method includes forming a protective layer on the surfaces of a main magnetic pole layer, a processed spin torque oscillator, and a mask formed on the spin torque oscillator, and further performing ion beam etching on the main magnetic pole layer and the protective layer on the surface of the main magnetic pole layer through the mask such that the protective layer is left behind on the side surfaces of the spin torque oscillator and removed from the surface of the main magnetic pole layer, thereby processing the main magnetic pole layer such that its side surfaces have a shape tapered toward the substrate.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magneto-resistance effect device includes: a multilayer structure having a cap layer; a magnetization pinned layer; a magnetization free layer provided between the cap layer and the magnetization pinned layer; a spacer layer provided between the magnetization pinned layer and the magnetization free layer; a function layer which is provided in the magnetization pinned layer, between the magnetization pinned layer and the spacer layer, between the spacer layer and the magnetization free layer, in the magnetization free layer, or between the magnetization free layer and the cap layer, the function layer having oxide containing at least one element selected from Zn, In, Sn and Cd, and at least one element selected from Fe, Co and Ni; and a pair of electrodes for applying a current perpendicularly to a film plane of the multilayer structure.

Abstract: When an earth faulting has occurred in a driving device for driving a motor, a high voltage noise enters a high voltage detector through a connection node of the Y capacitor constituted by a pair of capacitors in DC/DC converter. A controller of the DC/DC converter limits the duty of switching elements constituting a full-bridge circuit on a primary side, in the case where a defect due to an earth faulting of the driving device is detected by a detection value of high voltage detector.

Abstract: A device for detecting a fault in an AC supply comprises a circuit (CT, 100) for detecting a fault in an AC supply to a load (LD) and providing a corresponding output (IO), and an electromechanical switch means (SOL1, SWI) to disconnect the load from the supply if said output persists for at least a certain period of time. The device includes a generator (30) of intermittent test pulses each simulating a fault. In certain embodiments the duration of each test pulse is less than said certain period of time, and the circuit includes means (D2) for providing a visual and/or audible indication in response to the detection of test pulses by the detecting circuit.

Abstract: A power supply device comprising: a plurality of battery units each having a protective unit, an output voltage from the plurality of battery units being configured to energize an electric power tool; and a drive-limiting unit provided in a current path of the battery unit of each row, wherein each protective unit stops energization from the battery unit of its row by the drive-limiting unit provided in the current path of the battery unit of its row, when the battery unit of its row has an error.

Abstract: The surge arrester with a replaceable overvoltage protection module in a single-pole or a multi-pole configuration, consisting of the U-shaped overvoltage protection base (5) adjusted for inserting one or three or four overvoltage protection replaceable modules (2), where the overvoltage protection replaceable module (2), featuring a visual status signaling window (17) of the thermal disconnector implemented via a visual signaling flexible strip (18), comprises C-shaped plug contacts (1) on the opposite lateral sides and a coding field (4) on one or both lateral sides, comprising of rectangular projections and/or indentations of a different profile, width and length, which slide in the complementary indentations and/or projections on one or both internal lateral sides of the overvoltage protection base (5).

Abstract: A method and system for moving magnetic material includes an electromagnet wherein known problems associated with DC power circuit interruptions are substantially reduced. The system includes a generator coupled to an electromagnet, the generator being powered by a power supply through a first set of contactors which are configured to open and close a first circuit between the power source and the generator coupled to the magnet to start and stop a lifting sequence, wherein the first circuit includes a first bridge rectifier, a reactance element, and a first resistance element.

Abstract: An efficient and safe ionizer is disclosed. The ionizer includes a circuit to generate high voltage, a circuit case to surround the circuit, an electrode disposed outside of the circuit case and caused to discharge electricity by the high voltage generated by the circuit to ionize molecules in air, and an electrode cover disposed at a portion around the electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a detachable generator device which can change the installation location with ease and which can effectively use a solar cell to generate electric power. The detachable generator device includes: a film-like solar cell; and attaching/detaching means for allowing the film-like solar cell to be attached to and detached from an attachment object at an installation location. The attaching/detaching means includes an adhesive film having an attaching/detaching surface which develops Van der Waals force to enable repeated affixation, or an electrostatic chuck for forming an attaching/detaching surface by turning on/off a voltage source connected to an attraction electrode sandwiched between two insulating layers to freely develop electrostatic attraction on a surface of at least one of the insulating layers.