Abstract: Enantioenriched compositions of liphagal and its derivatives and precursors include more than 50 mol % of a first enantiomer based on the total amount of a first and a second enantiomer. A method of making an enantioenriched composition includes catalytic enantioselective alkylation, ring expansion, and intramolecular aryne cyclization.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is to a process for producing a water stream comprising the steps of hydrogenating acetic acid to form a crude ethanol product and separating at least a portion of the crude ethanol product in at least one column of a plurality of columns into a distillate comprising ethanol and a residue comprising the water stream. The water stream preferably is essentially free of organic impurities other than acetic acid and ethanol.

Abstract: Trans-1233zd, the trans-isomer of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd) can be used as blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, as well as monomers of macromolecule compounds, and can be prepared through the dehydrochlorination of 1,1,1-trifluoro-3,3-dichloropropane (HCFC-243fa) with the help of a catalyst. The present invention is directed to an integrated process is proposed to produce trans-1233zd from 243fa, which is consisted of the following four major unit operations: (1) Catalytic dehydrochlorination of 243fa into trans/cis-1233zd, (2) HCl recovery, (3) Catalytic isomerization of cis-1233zd into trans-1233zzd, and (4) Isolation of trans-1233zd.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene comprising reacting 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne with HCl in a reaction vessel at a yield of at least about 80%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, hexafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for producing a water-insoluble liquefied fuel oil containing a hydrocarbon from biomass. The method includes converting an oxygen-containing compound in a liquefied fuel oil obtained after liquefaction to a hydrocarbon and converting a water-soluble organic substance contained in an aqueous phase to a hydrocarbon, thereby improving the yield of the water-insoluble liquefied fuel oil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing a substituted or unsubstituted phenylcyclohexane by catalytic hydrogenation of a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl.

Abstract: A process for making styrene is disclosed that includes reacting toluene with a C1 source and a co-feed in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to form a first product stream comprising styrene, ethylbenzene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen; separating the hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the first product stream to form a second stream; separating the hydrogen from the second stream to form a third stream comprising hydrogen and a fourth stream comprising carbon monoxide; wherein the fourth stream is recycled to the reactor and forms at least a portion of the co-feed.

Abstract: The multiple zeolite catalyst is a catalytic composition used to convert alkylaromatic hydrocarbons to BTX, particularly to commercially valuable xylenes. The catalyst is formed by mixing at least two zeolites selected from mordenite, beta zeolite, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, MFI topology zeolite, NES topology zeolite, EU-1, MAPO-36, SAPO-5, SAPO-11, SAPO-34, and SAPO-41, and adding at least one metal component selected from Group VI of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The two zeolites have different physical and chemical characteristics, such as pore size and acidity. An exemplary catalyst includes mordenite, ZSM-5, and 3 wt % molybdenum. The multiple zeolite catalyst may further be used to convert toluene to mixed xylene isomers, particularly with a ZSM-5:mordenite ratio of 2:1 by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of linear low molecular weight alpha-olefins having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, comprising oligomerizing ethylene in an inert solvent in the presence of a catalyst system comprising: (i) zirconium carboxylate of the formula (R1COO)mZrCl4-m, wherein R1 is saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C1-C10 hydrocarbon or aromatic C6-C14 hydrocarbon and m fulfills 1?m?4, (ii) at least one aluminum compound selected from organoaluminum compounds of the formula R2nAlX3-n, wherein R2 is C1-C20 alkyl, X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, and n fulfills 1?n?2, and/or aluminoxanes, and (iii) at least two different additives selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, esters, ketones, ethers, amines, anhydrides, phosphines and sulfur compounds; as well as to a catalyst used therein.

Abstract: A supported catalyst and process for dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon, the catalyst comprising a first component selected from the group consisting of tin, germanium, lead, indium, gallium, thallium, and compounds thereof; a second component selected from the group consisting of metals of Group 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and compounds thereof, and a support comprising alumina in the gamma crystalline form. The catalysts are especially active and efficient when employed in concurrent flow in a dehydrogenation reactor having an average contact time between the hydrocarbon and catalyst of from 0.5 to 10 seconds.

Abstract: The present invention provides process for preparing an alkylate comprising contacting in a reactor a hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least an isoparaffin and an olefin with an acidic ionic liquid catalyst under alkylation conditions to obtain an alkylate, which process further comprises: —withdrawing an alkylate-comprising reactor effluent from the reactor, wherein the reactor effluent comprises an ionic liquid phase and a hydrocarbon phase; —separating at least part the reactor effluent into a hydrocarbon phase effluent and a multiple-phase effluent in a centrifugal separation unit; —fractionating at least part of said hydrocarbon phase effluent into at least a stream comprising alkylate and a stream comprising isoparaffin.

Abstract: A hydratable gel-forming polymer may be sterilized by chilling the polymer below ambient temperature and sterilizing the chilled polymer using ionizing radiation (e.g., E-Beam radiation). Doing so may reduce the degradation in physical properties caused by ionizing radiation sterilization of the polymer while at ambient temperature, and may preserve or retain desired hydration or gel-forming characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to an odor-absorbing superabsorbing composition, a process for production of an odor-absorbing superabsorbing composition, a composite comprising an odor-absorbing superabsorbing composition, a hygiene article comprising a composite, chemical products comprising or based on an odor-absorbing superabsorbing composition or a composite, as well as the use of an odor-absorbing superabsorbing composition or of a composite in chemical products.

Abstract: Method for determining the intrinsic gel strength of a water-absorbing hydrogel-forming polymeric material, comprising the step of: obtaining a hydrogel of said water-absorbing polymeric material, submitting said hydrogel to a controlled strain application step and measuring the stress; or submitting said hydrogel to a controlled stress application step and measuring the strain, and determining from said measured stress or strain of step c) the modulus of said hydrogel.

Abstract: An intravaginal device has a fluid storage element having a longitudinal axis and is in fluid communication with at least one fluid transport element. The at least one fluid transport element has a first plate having an outwardly oriented surface and an inwardly oriented surface and a second plate coupled to the first plate. The second plate has a first surface disposed and maintained in facing relationship with the inwardly oriented surface of the first plate and an opposite surface. The second plate is capable of separating from the first plate sufficiently to provide inter-plate capillary action. The at least one fluid transport element is bendable about an axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fluid storage element.

Abstract: Absorbent article, wherein a liquid acquisition/distribution region comprises an evaporation barrier, such as an apertured film and thus exhibits reduced evaporation away from the article in the direction towards the wearer.

Abstract: Mice comprising a human p16 transgene operably linked to an inducible promoter and capable of controlled expression of p16 are provided. Also provided are cells, tissues, and organs obtainable from such mice, and methods for producing p16 transgenic mice.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for increasing the seed size and/or seed number in plants. In particular, the methods and compositions provide for the over expression of a plant growth and/or development related or associated gene during embryo development. Transgenic plants transformed with genetic constructs having the plant growth and/or development associated gene under the control of an early phase-specific embryo promoter provides mature plants in the field that produce larger and/or more seeds. Methods for selection growth and development associated genes that provide transgenic plants with a higher yield phenotype are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and means are provided to improve targeted DNA insertion in plants using rare-cleaving “double stranded break” inducing enzymes. More specifically, the methods involve introducing the DNA that is to be inserted into the induced break into the plant cell via direct DNA delivery and incubating the plant cells in a plant phenolic compound prior to DNA delivery. Also provided are improved I-SceI encoding nucleotide sequences having a CG content of 50-60%.

Abstract: Methods for introducing a linear nucleic acid molecule of interest into a cell comprising a cell wall include use of nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol. In some embodiments, the cell comprising a cell wall is a plant cell. Methods include genetically or otherwise modifying plants and for treating or preventing disease in plant cells comprising a cell wall. Transgenic plants include a nucleic acid molecule of interest produced by regeneration of whole plants from plant cells transformed with linear nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: Cytochrome b5 (Cb5) is a haem-binding protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the outer mitochondrial membranes of higher eukaryotes. In higher plants, animals, and fungi, the ER resident Cb5 has been shown to play a role in desaturation of acyl CoA fatty acids. Higher plants Cb5 isoforms from plants such as soybean or Arabidopsis are capable of modulating omega-3 desaturation. Co-expression of certain Cb5 isoforms with FAD3 in a host plant results in increased production of seed oil content as well as altered ratio between different fatty acids. It is also disclosed here that overexpression of Yarrowia ACL enzymes in the plastids of a host plant helps boost the synthesis of acetyl CoA, which in turn, may lead to increased synthesis of fatty acids and enhanced oil accumulation in the seeds.

Abstract: The cloning and application of a pleiotropic gene Ghd7 that controls grains yield, heading date and plant height of rice are provided. The gene has the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. The sequence of the present gene is 3,917 bp in length, contains two exons and encodes 257 amino acids. The cDNA sequence of the gene is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. The present gene encodes a protein having the CCT domain of CO protein and having the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. Rice plants transformed with GHD7 gene are obtained using transgenic technology. The transgenic plants all exhibit markedly increased yield, larger number of spikelets per panicle, delayed heading date and elevated plant height as compared to their respective controls (wild type receptors plants). The trait changes are quite consistent with the phenotypes of the two parent genotypes of GHD7 near isogenic lines of Zhenshan 97.

Abstract: Compounds, methods for producing them and methods for varying the morphology of plants are disclosed. More particularly, a SUN gene can be used to alter the shape of fruit in a plant such as a tomato plant.

Abstract: A process for enhanced photobiological H2 production using transgenic alga. The process includes inducing exogenous genes in a transgenic alga by manipulating selected environmental factors. In one embodiment inducing production of an exogenous gene uncouples H2 production from existing mechanisms that would downregulate H2 production in the absence of the exogenous gene. In other embodiments inducing an exogenous gene triggers a cascade of metabolic changes that increase H2 production. In some embodiments the transgenic alga are rendered non-regenerative by inducing exogenous transgenes for proton channel polypeptides that are targeted to specific algal membranes.

Abstract: Disclosed are polypeptides, nucleic acids, and related compositions that render plants resistant to bacterial pathogens. Also disclosed are transgenic plants having the nucleic acids and resistant to bacterial pathogens.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated S070155 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar S070155, to the plants of soybean cultivar S070155, to the plant parts of soybean cultivar S070155, and to methods for producing progeny of soybean cultivar S070155. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar S070155. The invention also relates to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines, or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar S070155, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar S070155 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A novel soybean variety, designated 97R01 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety 97R01, cells from soybean variety 97R01, plants of soybean 97R01, and plant parts of soybean variety 97R01. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety 97R01 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety 97R01, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety 97R01, and methods of characterizing soybean variety 97R01. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety 97R01 are further provided.

Abstract: A novel soybean variety, designated BG4184Y is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety BG4184Y, cells from soybean variety BG4184Y, plants of soybean BG4184Y, and plant parts of soybean variety BG4184Y. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety BG4184Y with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety BG4184Y, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety BG4184Y, and methods of characterizing soybean variety BG4184Y. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety BG4184Y are further provided.

Abstract: A novel soybean variety, designated XB26AD12 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety XB26AD12, cells from soybean variety XB26AD12, plants of soybean XB26AD12, and plant parts of soybean variety XB26AD12. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety XB26AD12 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety XB26AD12, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety XB26AD12, and methods of characterizing soybean variety XB26AD12. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety XB26AD12 are further provided.

Abstract: A novel soybean variety, designated XR22N12 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety XR22N12, cells from soybean variety XR22N12, plants of soybean XR22N12, and plant parts of soybean variety XR22N12. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety XR22N12 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety XR22N12, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety XR22N12, and methods of characterizing soybean variety XR22N12. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety XR22N12 are further provided.

Abstract: A novel soybean variety, designated XB25G12 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety XB25G12, cells from soybean variety XB25G12, plants of soybean XB25G12, and plant parts of soybean variety XB25G12. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety XB25G12 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety XB25G12, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety XB25G12, and methods of characterizing soybean variety XB25G12. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety XB25G12 are further provided.

Abstract: A novel soybean variety, designated XBP42005 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety XBP42005, cells from soybean variety XBP42005, plants of soybean XBP42005, and plant parts of soybean variety XBP42005. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety XBP42005 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety XBP42005, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety XBP42005, and methods of characterizing soybean variety XBP42005. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety XBP42005 are further provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated A1026361. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety A1026361. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety A1026361 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety A1026361 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated A1026458. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety A1026458. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety A1026458 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety A1026458 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated A1026473. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety A1026473. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety A1026473 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety A1026473 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated A1026677. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety A1026677. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety A1026677 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety A1026677 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inbred corn line designated NPFX7687, methods for producing a corn plant by crossing plants of the inbred line NPFX7687 with plants of another corn plant. The invention further encompasses all parts of inbred corn line NPFX7687, including culturable cells. Additionally provided herein are methods for introducing transgenes into inbred corn line NPFX7687, and plants produced according to these methods.

Abstract: Devices, apparatus, and methods of using a replaceable nut with built on fret for a stringed instruments, such as for guitars and banjos. The novel combined zero glide nut with fret can be used as a zero glide nut system that can be substituted for the existing standard nuts on stringed instruments. The novel combined zero glide nut with fret eliminates the need for filing and adjusting the slots on the nuts, since strings do not harshly rub against inner sides and do not rub against the bottom of the slots in the nut. Compared to a conventional nut, the zero glide improves tuning stability, playability without string buzz on the fret, does not wear slots as occurs in a conventional nut and is more easily installed than a conventional nut.

Abstract: A harmonica is provided comprising a blow reed plate having a plurality of blow reeds, a draw reed plate having a plurality of draw reeds, and a comb having a plurality of air channels therein, wherein each blow reed and each draw reed corresponds to one of a plurality of musical tones, wherein the plurality of air channels are grouped into a first group of air channels and a second group of air channels, wherein blowing air through a first subset of the first group of air channels produces the musical tones of a first musical chord and drawing air from the first subset of the first group of air channels produces the musical tones of a second musical chord, and wherein blowing air through a first subset of the second group of air channels produces the musical tones of a third musical chord and drawing air from the first subset of the second group of air channels produces the musical tones of a fourth musical chord.

Abstract: Crown assemblies are described, having novel extension units, selectable vibrational lengths, stoppers with flexible coupling to the crown and regulated pressure against a headjoint tube, and crowns with radial-arm contact surfaces. The novel extension units are situated between the embouchure and the crown and extend the vibrational length between those points. This extension gives the flute tone greater depth and resonance and gives the player greater control over the vibration of the flute tube. A selectable extension unit features distinct vibrational lengths at indexed points of rotation of the crown, providing a means for rapidly changing the tone and response of the instrument in a fashion heretofore unknown on flutes. Improvements to crown and stopper design allow freer vibration of the headjoint tube between embouchure and crown, further enhancing the benefits of the novel extension unit.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed that relate to facilitating the reproducible placement of percussive instruments, such as drums, relative to one another. For example, one disclosed embodiment provides a footprint indication kit for percussion instruments. The footprint indication kit comprises a set of marking strips configured to indicate a periphery of a footprint of a percussion instrument, the set of marking strips including two or more marking strips having a first side including a connecting material configured to removably engage a complementary connecting material on a drum mat, and the two or more marking strips including at least one of a marking strip having one or more curved edges and a rectangular marking strip.

Abstract: A system and method for musical collaboration in virtual space is described. This method is based on the exchange of data relating to position, direction and selection of musical sounds and effects, which are then combined by a software application for each user. The musical sampler overcomes latency of data over the network by ensuring that all loops and samples begin on predetermined temporal divisions of a composition. The data is temporarily stored as a data file and can be later retrieved for playback or conversion into a digital audio file.

Abstract: A performance apparatus 11 extends in a longitudinal direction to be held by a player, and is provided with an acceleration sensor 23. CPU 21 of the performance apparatus 11 gives a sound source unit 31 of a musical instrument unit 19 an instruction (note-on event) to generate a musical tone. CPU 21 generates a note-on event indicating a sound-generation timing represented by a time when an acceleration-sensor value of the acceleration sensor 23 exceeds a first predetermined value and thereafter has decreased to a value less than a second threshold value ?, which is less than a first threshold value ?, and gives the musical instrument unit 19 the generated note-on event to generate a musical tone.

Abstract: An apparatus for combining input signals produced by a plurality of electric musical devices includes a plurality of audio buses and a plurality of segments. Each segment includes input circuitry configured to receive at least one input signal from at least one electric musical device and to deliver the at least one input signal to one of the plurality of audio buses; a plurality of variable adjustment devices each associated with a corresponding one of the audio buses and each configured to change at least one property of an input signal received by another of the plurality of segments and carried on the corresponding one of the audio buses independent from input signals carried on other of the plurality of audio buses; and a mixer configured to combine the input signals carried on each of the plurality of audio buses into an output signal.

Abstract: From analog music information in which the sounds of a plurality of musical instruments are mixed, sound data corresponding to the register of the reproduced sound of a bass guitar and sound data corresponding to the register of the reproduced sound of a drum are extracted using a band-pass filter. A drive pulse with a low frequency is generated within the periods of data sections in which the former sound data reaches a predetermined level or higher, and a drive pulse with a high frequency is generated within the periods of data sections in which the latter sound data reaches a predetermined level or higher. A vibrating body in a vibration mechanism unit is resonated by two drive pulses with frequencies, thereby causing vibration according to the reproduced sound of music.

Abstract: An electronic keyboard musical instrument, including: a key; a mass body driven by a depressed key for pivotally moving in a movement region between a rest position and an end position; a back check portion to back check the mass body; a position detecting portion to detect a position of the mass body; and a controller for controlling silencing of a tone, such that the currently generated tone is silenced when the mass body reaches a preset tone silencing position in its movement from the end position to the rest position, wherein the controller is configured to change the tone silencing position on the basis of respective times required for the mass body to pass through first and second sub regions of the movement region in the movement of the mass body, the second sub region being located nearer to the rest position than the first sub region.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed teach how to synthesizing audio. It allows specification of a musical sound to be generated. It synthesizes an audio source, such as noise, using parameters to specify the desired frequency slit spacing and the desired noise-to-frequency band ratio, then filtering the audio source through a sequence of filters to obtain the desired frequency slit spacing and noise to frequency band ratio. It allows modulation of the filters in the sequence. It outputs musical sound.

Abstract: A chord-playing robot system is disclosed. The robot system includes a computer including an anti-collision program, two linear motors, two moving devices, and two finger-like devices. The finger-like devices are respectively connected with the moving devices. The anti-collision program is executed to prevent the moving devices from colliding with each other. The linear motors are controlled by the computer and are operable to drive the moving devices. Each finger-like device includes a plurality of tubular solenoids and a plurality of electromagnetic bars. The tubular solenoids are disposed in alternating sequence in two rows. The computer is operable to determine if there is any one of the tubular solenoids shall be switched on. The at least one tubular solenoid, upon switched on, is configured to move the associated electromagnetic bar toward for pressing a key on a piano.

Abstract: Thermoelectric devices are provided. In one embodiment, a thermoelectric device may include a glass wafer defined by conductive vias, a second wafer, and a plurality of metal film disposed between the glass wafer and the second wafer and against solid, conductive, integral, end surfaces of the conductive vias. A nanogap may be disposed between the metal film and the second wafer. The nanogap may have been created by applying a voltage extending between the conductive vias and the second wafer. Methods of forming the devices, along with methods of using the devices to transform heat energy to electricity, and for refrigeration, are also provided.