Abstract: Pre-loaded force sensitive input devices, force sensing resistors (FSR), are formed as a multiple membrane assembly that is capable of detecting low intensity pressure inputs and quantifying varying applications of pressure to the sensor surface. Pre-loading the force sensor elements results in controlled amount of force between the two substrates causing a constant state of pre-load and eliminating the low-end or minimal pressure signal noise associated with unloaded sensors. Pre-loading the force sensing resistor sensors also enables the sensor to detect removal of low intensity pressure input such as might occur during theft of light weight articles placed in contact with the pre-loaded force sensor. Using an FSR or FSR Matrix Array will enable any handling of protected retail packaging to be detected and identified. A library of “touches” can be established that will yield cutting, ripping, twisting, etc. making the detection of a theft in progress more accurate.

Abstract: An example vane arm testing rig includes a base having a first attachment configured to receive a first end of a vane arm when the vane arm is in an engaged position, and a torque member having a second attachment configured to receive an opposing, second end of the vane arm when the vane arm is in the engaged position. The vane arm extends along a longitudinal axis from the first end to the second end. The first and second attachments are configured to rotate relative to each other about the axis. The first and second attachments are configured to move laterally relative to each other.

Abstract: A force sensor system includes a substrate, a cover, a sensor, and a spherical force transfer element. The cover is coupled to the substrate, and has an inner surface, an outer surface, an opening extending between the inner and outer surfaces, and a wall structure extending from the inner surface that defines a sensor cavity between the inner surface and the substrate. The sensor is mounted on the substrate, is disposed within the sensor cavity, and is configured to generate a sensor signal representative of a force supplied to the sensor. The spherical force transfer element is disposed partially within the sensor cavity, is movable relative to the cover, extends from the opening in the cover, and engages the sensor. The spherical force transfer element is adapted to receive an input force and is configured, upon receipt of the input force, to transfer the input force to the sensor.

Abstract: A device for measuring force components formed from a single crystal material, wherein the device comprises at least one cantilever beam inclined to a wafer plane normal and formed in one piece with a mass body, which mass body provides a mass of inertia. The mass body has a first and a second major surface which are substantially parallel with a wafer plane. A mass body cross section presents a portion which is substantially symmetrical along a centrally (in the thickness direction) located plane parallel with the wafer plane. Disclosed is also a method for its production and an accelerometer comprising at least one such device. The device allow for a more compact 3-axis accelerometer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated measurement apparatus that may perform measurement of various material characteristics (e.g., thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, magnetic inductivity, etc.) and defects of a composite material in a non-destructive manner. The apparatus may include: a jig chamber having a door; a first jig device for measuring electrical characteristics, a second jig device for measuring magnetic characteristics, and a third jig device for measuring magnetic characteristics, the three jig devices interchangeably mounted in the jig chamber so that either the first, second, or third jig device may be used to measure a composite material sample.

Abstract: A system and method for concurrently and uniformly removing thermal energy from clustered specimen samples.

Abstract: A device (1) for collecting and transferring samples of biological material, where the device comprises at least: a support body (2) having at least a first end portion (2a) and at least a gripping portion (2b), and a plurality of fibres (6) attached to and arranged on the first portion (2a) of the support body (2) by flocking, such as to define a flocked collecting portion (3) suitable for collecting, on the collecting portion (3), a quantity of a sample of biological material, where the support body (2) is made of polyamide (PA or nylon), in particular polyamide 66 (PA66 or nylon 66). The support body can be provided with at least a weakened portion (4) suitable for enabling a selective breaking of the support body and a separation of the collecting portion (3) at least from a part of the gripping portion (2b).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are improved articles for screening candidate insect pest-repellents; and their uses in host-free methods and/or systems for screening candidate insect pest-repellents.

Abstract: A disclosed probe assembly includes a sensor member and an outer holder including a main bore for the sensor member, the outer holder including a first coefficient of thermal expansion. The sensor member is held within a sensor bore of an inner holder. The inner holder is held within the main bore of the outer holder by an interference fit. The inner holder includes a second coefficient of thermal expansion greater than the first coefficient of thermal expansion. Expansion of the inner holder is constrained by the outer holder to maintain the sensor member within the probe bore of the inner holder at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A rotor blade assembly includes a rotor blade, a rotatable flap portion disposed along a span of the rotor blade. A rotary actuator is located inside the rotor blade and is operably connected to the flap portion to rotate the flap portion about a flap axis. A rotary-winged aircraft includes an airframe and a main rotor assembly operably connected to the airframe. The main rotor assembly includes a plurality of rotor blade assemblies rotatable about a rotor assembly axis. At least one rotor blade assembly of the plurality of rotor blade assemblies includes a rotor blade and a rotatable flap portion disposed along a span of the rotor blade. A rotary actuator located inside the rotor blade and is operably connected to the flap portion to rotate the flap portion about a flap axis. The rotary actuator is absent oil, grease or other fluid lubricant.

Abstract: The radially reciprocating lock includes an elongate, hollow cylindrical housing having a locking mechanism disposed therein. The locking mechanism includes an axially extending lock shaft and at least one crank disk attached to the shaft. A recess is formed in at least one end of the lock shaft for insertion of a key or tool to rotate the lock shaft and the crank disk. At least one endcap is provided to securely cover an exposed end of the housing. The endcap includes a center hole for passage of the lock shaft end. At least one locking member is operatively connected to the crank disk to radially reciprocate between an extended, locked position and a retracted, unlocked position through respective slots on the housing. A crank linkage mechanism and a cam mechanism are provided to reciprocate the at least one locking member.

Abstract: The transmission includes a case, a rotation shaft rotatably supported on the case, a speed change gear rotatably supported on the rotation shaft, fork shaft movable in an axial direction in response to the shift operation, a connecting member for changing over a connection condition of the speed change gear between a connected condition with the rotation shaft and a disconnected condition from the rotation shaft in response to an axial position of the fork shaft, a parking gear fixed to the rotation shaft, a detent member movable between a detent position where the rotation of the parking gear is restricted and a detent released position where the rotation of the parking gear is allowed and a cam member for moving the detent member to the detent position or to the detent released position in response to the axial position of the fork shaft.

Abstract: A transmission assembly for a vehicle includes a transmission mechanism, a clutch unit and a switching mechanism. The transmission mechanism includes first and second gears meshing with each other. The clutch unit is slidable along a crankshaft rotation axis between an engaging position, in which the clutch unit engages the first gear, and a disengaging position, in which the clutch unit is disengaged from the first gear. The switching mechanism includes a motor, and a clutch-driving member that is driven by the motor to move relative to the transmission mechanism and the clutch unit and to drive sliding movement of the clutch unit from the disengaging position to the engaging position.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes, among other things, a backlash adjusting device. An eccentric supporting shaft is disposed in an internal combustion engine so as to be able to be fixed at a predetermined rotational angle position about a central axis. The shaft adjusts an amount of clearance between a pair of gears, and is fitted over a base shaft fixed to the internal combustion engine such that the central axis of the eccentric supporting shaft coincides with an axis of the base shaft. An adjusting portion allows an inner circumference of the eccentric shaft to be fitted over an outer circumference of the base shaft at a predetermined rotational angle position. A fixing portion is configured to fix the eccentric supporting shaft to the base shaft.

Abstract: Motion control apparatus (A) includes a direct coupled torque motor (54) slideably receiving an output (50) without other types of torque transmission devices between the output (50) and the motor (54) and between the output (50) and a pinion (7) in direct gearing engagement with an annular gear (44) connected to a second race (32) of a bearing (26) intermediate an annular mounting plate (38) and a dial plate (40). The second race (32) is a single, non-separable piece having L-shaped, radial cross sections to define a mounting pilot for the annular gear (44). The motor (54) is secured to a mount plate (58) having an integral annular spacer (60) extending through a mounting tab (16) and secured to a mount ring (62) adjustably connected to the mounting tab (16) opposite to the mount plate (58).

Abstract: A gear or gear assembly, for example for use in a gear train or other drive system relating to an engine such as an internal combustion engine, can be matched to the thermal expansion other engine components, such as for example a support structure for gear shafts on which gears of the gear train rotate, while maintaining structural strength in the teeth and other contact surfaces of the gear.

Abstract: A rack bar includes a shaft portion and a rack toothed portion provided on the shaft portion. The rack toothed portion includes a plurality of rack teeth provided side by side in an axial direction of the shaft portion to mesh with a pinion gear. Each of the rack teeth includes a tooth tip portion, a contact face arranged obliquely relative to the axial direction and configured to contact the pinion gear, and a rounded corner portion between the tooth tip portion and the contact face. A first radius defining a central area of the rounded corner portion with respect to a tooth width direction is larger than a second radius defining another area of the rounded corner portion other than the central area.

Abstract: The invention provides an external circulation type ball screw device comprising screw shaft and nut having first and second screw grooves. A circulation member comprises first leg, second leg and connection portion. The first leg comprises a first end surface having first inner and outer points, and the second leg comprises a second end surface having second inner and outer points; first and second entrances formed on the first and second end surfaces of circulation passage; first and second thickness respectively provided between the first entrance and the first inner and outer points thereof; the second thickness being greater than the first; the third and fourth thickness respectively provided between the second entrance and the second inner and outer points thereof; the fourth thickness being greater than the third. The groove wall of the second screw groove occupied and the occurrence of broken teeth of the nut are reduced.

Abstract: A control module for an electrically powered wheelchair is configured to generate control signals for the electrically powered wheelchair in response to user input. The control module comprises: a base portion; a joystick configured to generate the control signals corresponding to user movement of the joystick relative to the base portion; and a pivotable screen mount configured to provide a mount on the base portion for a display screen on which information relating to operation of the electrically powered wheelchair can be displayed to a user.

Abstract: A switching mechanism includes a main body, a rotational body, a swinging member, and a biasing member. The swinging member detaches from the shaft portion against a biasing force of the biasing member by a centrifugal force generated at the swinging member in response to rotation of the rotational body rotating in conjunction with movement of the rotational member, for example, a vehicle door, to switch the state of the switching mechanism to an operation allowed state in a state where the rotational member is operated to rotationally move. The biasing force of the biasing member pushes the swinging member to make contact with the shaft portion and engages with the shaft portion by friction to retain the rotational body in a stopped state to switch the state of the switching mechanism to a movement restrained state in a state where the rotational member is stopped from making rotational movement.

Abstract: A device for selection and engagement of the gears of a gearbox for motor vehicles has a control shaft mounted rotatable and axially movable with respect to the casing. Mounted on the shaft is a hub having an engagement finger for controlling gear engagement devices, which is configured to oscillate in the space between two fingers of a selection mask, which is mounted on the shaft axially movable therewith and is guided with respect to the casing so as not to follow rotation of the shaft and the hub when a gear is engaged. During displacement of the engagement finger towards an extreme position preliminary to the engagement of the reverse gear, the selection mask is forced to move temporarily into a rotated position, wherein it actuates one or more of the selector devices of the forward gears to enable silent engagement of the reverse gear.

Abstract: A shift drum structure for a drum-type transmission in which a shift fork moving on a shift fork shaft in an axial direction while guided by a guide groove in response to a turn of a shift drum, changes speeds by sliding a shifter member on a transmission driving shaft pivotally supporting a transmission gear, the shift drum. The shift drum includes a cylindrical drum main body and drum spindles projecting outward from drum end walls on the respective two sides of the drum main body, and the guide groove formed in an outer peripheral surface of the drum main body in a circumferential direction, wherein in the shift drum, a work groove is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the drum main body from one end surface to an opposite end surface of the drum main body, or to the guide groove near the opposite end surface.

Abstract: An umbilical member attachment device including a base part attached detachably to a first member and a second member of a robot, the first member and the second member rotating relative to each other; a first fastening part attached to the base part to fasten the first umbilical member; and a second fastening part attached to the base part to fasten the second umbilical member. The second fastening part has an attachment member attached to the base part and a fastening member fastening the second umbilical member to the attachment member, and the attachment member is provided detachably from the base part together with the second umbilical member in a state where the first umbilical member is fastened by the first fastening part.

Abstract: A robot having an overall structure inspired by the Octopus vulgaris is described. The robot has soft arms joined in a radial manner to a central support. The soft arms have the capability of lengthening, shortening and wrapping around in a coil-shape manner. The extremely simple movements and coordination of the soft arms are effective because of the interaction between the single actions. For example during locomotion, while some arms act as a support for stability, the others provide for thrusting allowing the robot to advance. Once near the target, some arms provide for stability whereas the others can bend so as to wrap around and transport external entities.

Abstract: A modified delta linkage robot uses a reverse orientation arm linkage that includes an inwardly direct lower arm. This reverse arm orientation provides a number of advantages with respect to access over an extending surface such as may occur in a home, office or other environments shared with people. The delta linkage may also have application in certain factory environments, particularly when combined with an omni wheeled base. The linkage and the preferred linkage and omni wheeled base provide a stable movable platform. In addition this combination can advantageously include a number of sensors to take active steps to discourage and/or reduce the effect of sudden forces applied thereto.

Abstract: A parallel link robot (10) including ball joints (42a to 42d) which are arranged between driven links (22a, 23a) and a drive link (21a) and between a driven link and a movable part (12), at least one of these ball joints including a ball (44a) and a housing (42a) which covers at least half of the surface of the ball including the maximum diameter part and further including with a covering part (45a) which covers the area around the ball of the ball joint.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses a multijoint robot. The multijoint robot has a plurality of link members and a plurality of joints. At least one of the plurality of joints includes a double joint structure comprising a first link member, an intermediate link member connected to the first link member rotatably around a first joint axis, and a second link member which is connected to the intermediate link member rotatably around a second joint axis and in which two small link members are connected capable of relative rotation around a rotating axis along a longitudinal direction of the link member.

Abstract: A collapsible steering column assembly comprising a mounting structure, the mounting structure comprising a first part for connecting to the body of a vehicle and a second part for connecting to part of a steering mechanism, the first and second parts being interconnected to permit relative movement therebetween as the assembly collapses, wherein: one of the first or second parts comprises a slot, the slot comprising a pocket and a channel defined by two opposing sidewalls, each sidewall being the outer edge of a deformable structure; the other of the first or second parts comprises a lug, the lug extending into the pocket when the assembly is in a non-collapsed state and being configured to be driven through the channel to cause plastic deformation of the deformable structure as the assembly collapses; and the assembly comprises a re-enforcement that limits the plastic deformation of the deformable structure during the collapsing stroke to regions of the deformable structure adjacent to regions of the channe

Abstract: A lower spoke cored bar of a spoke cored bar constituting a spoke portion couples one end portion of a first coupling portion to a rim cored bar. The lower spoke cored bar couples one end portion of a second coupling portion to a boss cored bar. The lower spoke cored bar is provided with a vertical wall portion which couples a bending-shaped first bent portion to the other end portion of the first coupling portion, and which couples a second bent portion in a bending form to the other end portion of the second coupling portion. The rim cored bar is provided with a deformation allowing portion capable of deforming. The vertical wall portion and deformation allowing portions are arranged substantially on the same line.

Abstract: Construction is achieved that more completely protects the driver of a vehicle during a secondary collision by gradually increasing the impact load that is absorbed by an energy absorbing member 22b the more the steering wheel displaces in the forward direction. The energy absorbing member 22b comprises a base section 27a that is provided in the center section, and a pair of impact absorbing sections 28b that extend in the forward direction from both ends of the base section 27a and have U-shaped bent back curved sections 29b in the middle section. Of these impact absorbing sections 28b, at least the portions that are nearer the tip end side than the bent back curved sections 29b are pressed so that the height of the energy absorbing member 22b with respect to a stroking section 32 gradually increases going in a direction from the bent back curved sections 29b toward the tip end side of the energy absorbing sections 28b.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an air conditioning system of a vehicle, may include a knob selectively rotatable by a user's operation, a cam to which an inner wire of a cable may be connected, the cam being rotated through a rotation force transmitted from the knob, a cable holder that holds and supports a skin layer of the cable slidably surrounding the inner wire of the cable, wherein the cable holder may be pivotally coupled to a vehicle body.

Abstract: A vehicle parking brake control has an extendable pin with three faces, and a roller on a lower surface. The faces correspond to engage, hold, and disengage of a parking brake. The control also has a lever rotatably connected to it, where the lever has a roller at a lower lever surface. The roller being capable of rotational contact with the pin faces. Further, the control has a base with an upper surface for the pin roller to move across. When the parking brake is engaged the lever roller is in contact with a first face, when the brake is on hold the lever roller is in contact with a second face, and when the brake is in the disengage position the lever roller is in contact with a third face of the extendable pin. Consequently, the rollers provide a reliable lifelong operation of the control over prior controls.

Abstract: A steering apparatus includes a grip core and a rim part. The grip core has a cross-sectional area substantially constant in a longitudinal direction of the grip core. The rim part is molded by foaming of a material liquid in a mold, and configured to cover the grip core. A first portion of the rim part is smaller in cross-sectional area than a second portion of the rim part, wherein the mold includes a vent opening facing the first portion of the rim part during the molding of the rim part, wherein the mold includes a material liquid infusion opening facing the second portion of the rim part during the molding of the rim part, and wherein the material liquid is infused into the mold through the material liquid infusion opening, and allowed to flow toward the vent opening.

Abstract: An apparatus for shifting gears of a transmission includes a plural control fingers each of which is shaped as a cam form and fitted into a control shaft and rotated together, on which projections are arranged to be distributed at a predetermined angle along a circumferential direction around which the control shaft rotates, and a shift lug that is provided on a shift rail and shaped to accommodate the control finger as plural to contact the respective control fingers and that contacts the projection of the control finger and is pressed when the control shaft rotates so that the corresponding shift rail is shifted to a shifting gear position.

Abstract: A burst cover for a damper includes a plurality of holes arranged for fixing the cover to a flywheel, at least one tab portion arranged for drivingly connecting to a tab for a flange of the damper, and a radial wall connecting the plurality of holes to the at least one tab portion. In an example embodiment, the burst cover includes a plurality of depressed portions axially offset from the radial wall. Each of the plurality of holes are disposed in one of the depressed portions. In an example embodiment, the at least one tab portion extends axially from the radial wall. In some example embodiments, the burst cover includes an axially extending rim portion disposed radially outside of the plurality of holes. In an example embodiment, the burst cover is a continuous piece of material from the at least one tab portion to the rim portion that is devoid of any openings except for the plurality of holes arranged for fixing the burst cover to the flywheel.

Abstract: A damping apparatus of a flywheel includes a pair of rotors and a weight. The rotors are provided in the flywheel and rotate along with the flywheel. The rotors receive torsional vibration from an engine through the flywheel, and are configured such that they face each other and are restricted from rotating relative to each other. The weight is provided between the rotors. The weight rotates relative to the rotors in a direction in which the torsional vibration transmitted to the rotors is offset.

Abstract: In a down hole transmission having a gear set and supporting elements for aligning and securing the gear set. Tie elements disposed between the supporting elements and the housing to secure the gear set against torsional forces on a gear set.

Abstract: Cover frames configure a slide cover. Each of the cover frames has, at a lower end thereof, a wiper that contacts an outer surface of the cover frame located immediate inside. Each of the cover frames also has, on an upper inner surface thereof, a roof-shaped backboard that extends over the cover frame inside. The backboard is provided slightly below an upper end of the cover frame. Each of the cover frames is provided, on an upper outer surface thereof, with a sliding shoe that contacts an inner surface of the cover frame located immediate outside. The innermost cover frame is fixed to a column in which a sliding surface is formed, and has a bottom plate that encloses an area below the sliding surface. In an upper portion of the bottom plate, an oil receiving portion is formed to receive lubricant flowing from the sliding surface.

Abstract: A harmonic reducer with clutch function includes a circular spline, a mounting base, a flexspline and a wave generator. When a power source drives the wave generator to rotate in a first direction, a one-way clutch engages to lock the mounting base so as to deform the flexspline and hence rotate the circular spline in the first direction. When an external force is applied to the output shaft in the first direction, the mounting base is driven by the flexspline so the one-way clutch disposed thereon is disengaged by a force in a second direction. At this moment, the rotation speed of the wave generator is equal to zero relative to the flexspline, so the wave generator can be driven by the circular spline to rotate along with the flexspline, and the central axel of the wave generator can be driven to rotate as well.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a powertrain for a hybrid type vehicle with a thermal engine (10), notably of internal-combustion type, an electric machine (12) connected to an axle shaft (24) of the vehicle and a transmission device (36) comprising a primary transmission shaft (38) connected to drive shaft (18) of thermal engine (10) through a disengageable coupling (44) and carrying at least two first gear wheels (56, 58) cooperating with at least two second gear wheels (60, 62) carried by a secondary transmission shaft (40) connected to the axle shaft. According to the invention, primary transmission shaft (36) is connected to an auxiliary electric machine (14).

Abstract: This manual transmission includes an input shaft, an output shaft, and an MG shaft. This transmission includes a motor speed change mechanism which establishes a power transmission system between the output shaft and the MG shaft and can selectively set the ratio of rotational speed of the MG shaft to that of the output shaft to one of two values (Hi or Lo). During a period during which a selection operation, which is an operation in the left-right direction of a vehicle of a shift lever, is performed on a shift pattern, the motor speed change mechanism changes the motor speed reduction ratio in a manner interlocked with the selection operation. As a result, during the selection operation, which is a state in which a driver is unlikely to perceive an external shock, the driver receives a shock produced as a result of changing of the motor speed reduction ratio.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coding element for equipping at least one cam carrier of a rotor of a rotary press with at least one control cam element, wherein at least one coding element is provided, wherein the at least one coding element comprises fastening means by which it can be fastened to the rotor or a component connected thereto, wherein the at least one coding element has coding means by which the position of the at least one control cam element on the cam carrier is clearly specified. In addition, the invention relates to a corresponding method.

Abstract: Motorized rotational drive system (8) for rotating a framework about an axis of rotation, preferably a horizontal axis of rotation, for a solar collector tracker support system, said motorized system comprising: two ring gear sectors (80) extending in two planes orthogonal to the axis of rotation and provided with means of attachment to said framework; a transmission shaft (82) supporting two pinions (81) in mesh with the corresponding ring gear sectors (80) for synchronized rotation of said ring gear sectors (80); and a motorized drive means for driving the rotation of said transmission shaft (82).

Abstract: A semi-liquid metal processing apparatus and method are presented in which a semi-liquid metal and/or semi-solid metal is introduced into a crucible and his electromagnetically stirred at a first frequency while cooling, and thereafter sidewalls of a metal charge formed of the semi-liquid metal and/or semi-solid metal are partially melted prior to tilting the crucible for removal of the metal charge.

Abstract: In a method for desulfurizing hot metal by analyzing S concentration of a sample taken out from the hot metal, the S concentration is analyzed rapidly and precisely by a method comprising a high frequency induction heating step of oxidizing the sample under a high frequency induction heating in a pure oxygen atmosphere to convert S in the hot metal to SO2 and an analysis step of analyzing SO2-containing gas generated in the high frequency induction heating step through an ultraviolet fluorescence method to quantify S concentration in the sample, whereby S concentration after the desulfurization is controlled precisely and hence fault of S concentration is prevented but also the increase of the cost due to the excessive addition of a desulfurization agent and step disruption at steel-making step are prevented.

Abstract: A gas stream containing both hydrocarbon and hydrogen is separated into a hydrogen-rich fraction and a hydrocarbon-rich fraction. Then at least one sub-quantity of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction is subjected to at least one operation from the group oxidation using technically pure oxygen and reforming using CO2 and H2O. The result is introduced at least as a component of a reduction gas into a reduction unit containing the metal oxides. As a result of the at least one operation, the hydrocarbon content in the reduction gas on entry into the reduction unit is below 12% by volume.

Abstract: A flux injector apparatus and method adapted to distribute a predetermined amount of flux to an associated pool of molten aluminum. The flux injector apparatus includes a pressurized tank adapted to store and feed the flux under pressure. A feed mechanism operative to discharge a predetermined amount of flux to an outlet and a controller for monitoring and operating the apparatus. The feed mechanism includes a housing having an inner wall defining a cavity with an inlet and an outlet. A feed wheel is positioned within the cavity and operative to receive a predetermined amount of flux from the inlet, translate the flux within the cavity and discharge the predetermined amount of flux through the outlet of the pressurized tank.

Abstract: An assembled damping hammer comprises a body having at least a first joining surface, a damping block detachably disposed on the body and having at least a second joining surface attached to the first joining surface of the body and at least a third joining surface and a working piece detachably disposed on the damping block and having a contact surface and at least a fourth joining surface attached to the third joining surface of the damping block. At least one of the second and the third joining surfaces of the damping block is oblique with respect to the contact surface. Thereby, the working piece of the assembled damping hammer can be detached and replaced by a user according to demands, and the assembled damping hammer has low vibration strength when being used and, thus, can be stably held by the user and avoid causing damage to the user.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to one or more wrench devices. An apparatus may include a drive gear assembly configured to be coupled to a power source. The drive gear assembly may include a plurality of drive gears. The apparatus may include a cam assembly coupled to the drive gear assembly. The cam assembly may include a first cam and a second cam. Further, the first cam and the second cam may be configured to interact with each other to move a part.

Abstract: A pneumatic ratchet wrench includes a main body, an output unit, a driving unit, and a transmission unit. The main body has a handle section and a shrunk head section narrower than the handle section. The output unit includes a driving head for outputting a power. At least a major portion of the output unit is disposed within the shrunk head section. The driving unit is disposed within the main body for generating the power pneumatically. The transmission unit is disposed within the handle section for transmitting the power to the driving head.