Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to improved designs of railroad spikes and improved methods of manufacturing the same. According to one exemplary embodiment, a method for manufacturing a railroad spike may comprise the steps of: preparing a metal blank having a substantially circular cross-section; subjecting the metal blank to at least one cold heading process and at least one cold extrusion process to form a railroad spike having (a) a circular head with a fillet at its bottom side that is angled to engage a railroad tie plate or rail base and (b) a non-threaded shank with a substantially square cross-section and a chiseled tip; and coating the railroad spike with an anti-corrosion material.

Abstract: A spinning method for forming pipe bodies of varying diameter. In the spinning method, when a necked portion is formed at the end of the pipe material by the spinning method, working rollers are restricted so as to return immediately before the pipe end instead of being allowed to axially move beyond the end of the working object pipe. The amount of diameter reduction at the pipe end is set to be smaller than that of the most diameter reduced portion connecting to the pipe end. A protruding portion of a so-called bellmouth shape is formed at the working end, thereby preventing generation of fractures originating at the working end of the base portion or the welded portion and generation of wrinkles during the spinning process.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a sensor of an exhaust system is provided. The method includes evaluating humidity of air entering the exhaust system; and monitoring operation of a sensor in the exhaust system based on the humidity.

Abstract: A gas sensor detects carbon dioxide, for example for use in air-conditioning systems. The gas sensor is based on a field effect transistor construction. It has a polymer-based material sensitive to carbon dioxide as gas-sensitive layer. The material has a cross-sensitivity with respect to air humidity. The influence of humidity is compensated for by using the signal of a humidity sensor.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph operable to analyze a sample gas comprising a carrier gas and components. The gas chromatograph includes a bridge circuit with a sample sensor connected therein. A servo amplifier is connected to the bridge circuit and is operable to maintain the sample sensor at a constant temperature. An output of the servo amplifier is digitized and is used to quantify the components in the sample gas.

Abstract: Disclosed are an MEMS type semiconductor gas sensor using a microheater having many holes and a method for manufacturing the same. The MEMS type semiconductor gas sensor includes: a substrate of which a central region is etched with a predetermined thickness; a second membrane formed at an upper portion of the central region of the substrate and having many holes; a heat emitting resistor formed on the second membrane and having many holes; a first membrane formed on the second membrane including the heat emitting resistor and having many holes; a sensing electrode formed on the first membrane and having many holes; and a sensing material formed on the sensing electrode.

Abstract: An improved hydrotest testing system comprises a safety stop which prevents the testing tools from being blown out of the top of the tubing string. The safety stop is made up into the upward facing box of the tubing joint to be tested, where the stop is positioned between the tool assembly placed within the tubing joint and the no-go head assembly which is located at the surface during the testing operation. Once the safety stop has been made up into upward facing box, the tool assembly is set within the joint to be tested and the joint pressure tested. The safety stop has a generally cylindrical body which has a bore extending through its length, where the bore has a reduced diameter throat which is sized smaller than portions of the downhole testing tool.

Abstract: A method and apparatus using a sample test container filled with beverage, a penetrator holder, a penetrator and release means is disclosed. In the method a sample, is drawn into the test container and the penetrator dropped into the sample, and a reading of the stiffness of the sample is made based on the depth of penetration of the penetrator onto the sample.

Abstract: A bias value associated with a sensor, e.g., a time-varying, non-zero value which is output from a sensor when it is motionless, is estimated using at least two, different bias estimating techniques. A resultant combined or selected bias estimate may then be used to compensate the biased output of the sensor in, e.g., a 3D pointing device.

Abstract: A strategically located device and a machine including such a device are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, the device comprises a tool removably affixed to an external casing of the machine. The external casing of the machine includes an access port therethrough for providing access to an interior of the machine; and the tool is inserted into a desired location in the interior of the machine through the access port.

Abstract: A leakage diagnosis device can determine whether or not leakage occurs from a fuel vapor processing apparatus by comparing a diagnosis criterion, such as a reference pressure set for diagnosing leakage, with an internal pressure of a process system of the fuel vapor processing apparatus during application of a negative or positive pressure to the process system. The diagnosis criterion has a device that can correct the diagnosis criterion based on a fuel vapor pressure within the process system.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting abnormality for a fuel property detecting apparatus according to the present invention includes the fuel property detecting apparatus having a sensor part provided on a fuel channel, temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the fuel in the vicinity of said sensor part, a heater capable of raising the temperature of the fuel in the vicinity of the sensor part, and abnormality determining means for determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the fuel property detecting apparatus based on the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means when the heater is activated. The abnormality determining means includes fuel flow abnormality determining means for determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the flow of the fuel in the vicinity of the sensor part and failure determining means for determining whether there is a failure of said fuel property detecting apparatus itself.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for expediting engine system heating by stagnating coolant in one of a plurality of loops in an engine cooling system. Degradation of the various valves and thermostats of the cooling system can be diagnosed by adjusting the valve and monitoring changes in one or more of coolant temperature, transmission temperature and cabin temperature. Based on engine operating conditions, the various valves may be adjusted to vary coolant temperature in different regions of the cooling system, thereby providing fuel economy benefits.

Abstract: A competence diagnosis system for a urea water temperature sensor that can limit a diagnosis during a cold start. The system includes a cold start condition determination unit that obtains a difference between an engine cooling water temperature and an ambient temperature, a difference between an engine cooling water temperature and a fuel temperature, and a difference between an ambient temperature and a fuel temperature by using an engine cooling water temperature, an ambient temperature, and a fuel temperature measured immediately after engine starting, and allows a diagnosis by the competence diagnosis unit when the temperature differences are less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: Active air-fuel ratio control is performed to alternately control an air-fuel ratio in an area located upstream of a catalyst between a lean side and a rich side. The amount of oxygen absorbed and released by the catalyst during lean control and rich control of the air-fuel ratio is measured. When an output from the post-catalyst sensor reaches a predetermined threshold, switching is carried out between the lean control and the rich control, and the measurement of the amount of oxygen is ended. The threshold is set to be reached before the output from the post-catalyst sensor reaches a predetermined reference value. Whether the catalyst is normal or abnormal is determined based on the amount of oxygen measured until the output from the post-catalyst sensor reaches the threshold and behavior of the output from the post-catalyst sensor observed after the output from the post-catalyst sensor reaches the threshold.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that comprises severing an I/O channel between a brake system controller and an aircraft component; sending a test signal to the brake system controller; receiving, from the brake system controller, a feedback signal to the test signal; and determining an appropriateness of the feedback signal. A system is disclosed that comprises a brake system controller wrapped in a BITE region, wherein the BITE region comprises a testing module, a safety interlock region having an I/O channel between the brake system controller and another system, and a testing module capable of sending a test signal to the brake system controller.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for simulating production conditions in hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs, as an example, by flooding of core samples from such reservoirs, are described. Full recirculation flow measurements permit several fluids (for example, crude oil, brine, and gas) to be simultaneously injected into core samples having varying dimensions. Accurate and stable back pressures are maintained at total flow rates of as high as 200 cc/min., for a large range of fluid viscosities. Accurate and stable net overburden pressures relative to pore pressure are also maintained, thereby simulating the formations at depth. Core samples from formations may also be investigated using the apparatus and method hereof, for carbon dioxide sequestration potential, as another example.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to provide monitoring of pressure outside the wellbore casing of a well in which a Wireless Sensor Unit is placed externally of a section of non-magnetic casing. An internal Sensor Energizer Unit is placed inside the wellbore casing. The Wireless Sensor Unit includes one or more sensors to measure the pressure and/or temperature of the surroundings. The Wireless Sensor Unit and the Sensor Energizer Unit communicate using electromagnetic modulation techniques, and the Wireless Sensor Unit may be powered by means of power harvesting from the Sensor Energizer Unit.

Abstract: A system and methods for non-optimal actuator detection are disclosed. A fluid valve controlling a fluid flow to a first actuator is activated, and the fluid valve is controlled to move the first actuator from an initial position to a first position and back to the initial position during a test interval. A measured valve position of the fluid valve is measured during the test interval, and a measured valve travel is calculated based on the measured valve position at an end of the test interval. A health status of the first actuator is determined based on the measured valve travel and an expected valve travel.

Abstract: A sensor senses a characteristic of an environment, e.g., humidity. The sensor has a substrate with strips of material that is sensitive to corrosion as a result of the characteristic. The strips are configured to respond differently to the characteristic. By means of repeatedly measuring the resistances of the strips, the environment can be monitored in terms of accumulated exposure to the characteristic. The strips are manufactured in a semiconductor technology so as to generate accurate sensors that behave predictably.

Abstract: An oscillation apparatus comprising: a frame; a first proof mass coupled to the frame via a spring; a driving circuit operatively coupled to the first proof mass and the frame, wherein the driving circuit is configured to induce oscillatory motion of the first proof mass relative to the frame at a resonant frequency in a first direction; a first electron-tunneling position switch operatively coupled to the first proof mass such that the first position switch is configured to pass through a closed state during each oscillation of the proof mass, wherein the position switch comprises first and second single-atom-thick tunneling electrodes; and a sensing circuit coupled to the position switch, the sensing circuit configured to output a signal whenever the position switch passes through the closed state.

Abstract: In a yaw rate sensor with a substrate having a main extent plane and with a first and second partial structure disposed parallel to the main extent plane, the first partial structure includes a first driving structure and the second partial structure includes a second driving structure, the first and second partial structure being excitable by a driving device, via the first and second driving structure, into oscillation parallel to a first axis parallel to the main extent plane, the first partial structure having a first Coriolis element and the second partial structure having a second Coriolis element, the yaw rate sensor being characterized in that the first and second Coriolis elements are displaceable by a Coriolis force parallel to a second axis, which is perpendicular to the first axis, and parallel to a third axis, which is perpendicular to the first and second axis, the second axis extending parallel to the main extent plane, and the first Coriolis element being connected to the second Coriolis eleme

Abstract: In order to provide a technology capable of suppressing degradation of measurement accuracy due to fluctuation of detection sensitivity of an MEMS by suppressing fluctuation in natural frequency of the MEMS caused by a stress, first, fixed portions 3a to 3d are displaced outward in a y-direction of a semiconductor substrate 2 by deformation of the semiconductor substrate 2. Since a movable body 5 is disposed in a state of floating above the semiconductor substrate 2, it is not affected and displaced by the deformation of the semiconductor substrate 2. Therefore, a tensile stress (+?1) occurs in the beam 4a and a compressive stress (??2) occurs in the beam 4b. At this time, in terms of a spring system made by combining the beam 4a and the beam 4b, increase in spring constant due to the tensile stress acting on the beam 4a and decrease in spring constant due to the compressive stress acting on the beam 4b are offset against each other.

Abstract: A device is disclosed that, in an illustrative embodiment, includes an input line, a main gain component, a first local gain component, and a second local gain component. The main gain component, the first local gain component, and the second local gain component each have a communicative connection with the input line. The main gain component is configured for applying a main gain to an ultrasonic wave signal received via the input line, thereby providing a main gain signal. The first local gain component is configured for applying a first local gain to a portion of the ultrasonic wave signal within a first signal gate, and thereby providing a first local gain signal. The second local gain component is configured for applying a second local gain to a portion of the ultrasonic wave signal within a second signal gate, and thereby providing a second local gain signal.

Abstract: A method of matching sensors in a multi-probe blade vibration monitor for a turbine. The method includes providing at least two probes mounted in a casing of the turbine adjacent to a rotating blade structure of the turbine. Targets are provided on radially outer portions of the blade structure. Each of the probes includes a sensor generating signals corresponding to target passing events, and a set of synchronous harmonics of the rotational speed of the rotor are produced for each sensor. The position of the sensors is adjusted such that the sets of harmonics of the sensors are substantially matched, indicating that the positions of the sensors are matched.

Abstract: An aspect of a pressure sensor package is that a condensed droplet can be prevented from solidifying and blocking the hole of a pressure inlet pipe, without increasing the external dimensions of the package. Aspects of the invention include a groove in a wall surface of a hole of a pressure inlet pipe, a droplet condensed on the wall surface spreads along the groove by a capillary action, and it is possible to prevent the hole of the pressure inlet pipe being blocked by the droplet.

Abstract: A transducer, generally 10, has a robust, yet very flexible, steel-braid reinforced protective cover 12 which is permanently assembled to a custom machined fitting 14. A typical pressure transducer 16 is threaded through a SST nut 18 and then through the cover 12. Bonding the transducer body to the cover's fitting 14 captures the nut 18 between a flange 16A on the transducer 16 and a shoulder 18A in the nut 18, allowing the nut 18 to be freespinning yet a permanent part of the assembly 10.

Abstract: The health of a structural joint clamped by fasteners is monitored by directly measuring the preload of the fasteners. The preload is measured by a transducer on the fastener and electronically transmitted to a monitoring station where the preload values may be analyzed to assess the health of the joint.

Abstract: A sensor device includes at least one sensor device coupled to a substrate. A solder pad interface includes a plurality of steps, with at least a portion of the steps positioned at different planes, each of a step having a solder pad. A cable with a plurality of cable leads, is configured for each of a cable lead to be coupled to a solder pad.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a laminated glazing, in which a lamination interlayer is interposed between two substrates having a glass function, including: making a measurement of Young's modulus E on a sample of the interlayer, using a viscoanalyzer, by varying temperature and frequency while imposing a constant dynamic displacement; making a numerical treatment of curves obtained, using WLF (Williams-Landel-Ferry) equations, to establish a law E(f) governing behavior of a material constituting the interlayer sample at a given temperature; producing a numerical model based on a finite-element method in bending of a laminated glazing panel, wherein mechanical properties of the sample result from the preceding operations; comparing results of the numerical calculation with those obtained with analytical formulae in which participation of the interlayer in transferring shear in the laminated glazing is represented by a transfer coefficient ?; varying the transfer coefficient ? in the analytical formulae until re

Abstract: A test weight providing an elongated flanged beam having a web, an upper flange connected to the web and a lower flange connected to the web. A pair of openings in the upper flange are provided on the opposing sides of the web. Plurality of plates are connected to the beam, each plate resting upon the lower flange and extending upwardly towards the upper flange. A pair of padeye lift plates are provided, one on each side of the web, each padeye plate having a portion that extends above the upper flange and through an upper flange opening. The test weights are stackable one a upon the other, wherein each of the padeye plates can be pinned to the flanged beam.

Abstract: A vortex-shedding flowmeter uses two ultrasonic transducers to generate an acoustic beam at a selected carrier frequency. Vortices generate fluid oscillations that are detected when they pass through the beam and induce phase changes representative of fluid flow rate. In an improved vortex-shedding flowmeter each of the transducers is connected to a separate transformer and the outputs of the two transformers are interconnected to yield the phase change.

Abstract: A vortex flow measuring device for monitoring and/or measuring an, at least at times, two phase medium flowing in a pipeline; wherein the medium has a first phase, especially a gaseous, first phase, with a first density and a second phase, especially a particle or droplet shaped, second phase, having a second density different from the first density; and wherein the vortex flow measuring device has at least a measuring tube, which can be inserted in a pipeline, a bluff body, and a vortex sensor, which responds to pressure fluctuations. The vortex flow measuring device additionally includes an acoustic transducer, which is formed integrally in a component, especially the bluff body, which protrudes into a flow path within the measuring tube, or is acoustically coupled to such component in such a manner that acoustic signals produced by impact of particles and/or droplets of the second phase on the component are transducible to electrical signals by the acoustic transducer.

Abstract: A beta ratio changer is provided for a flow measurement device having a fluid displacement member. The beta ratio changer includes a flange and a sleeve extending axially from the flange. The sleeve may be inserted into a fluid conduit of the fluid measurement device, reducing the inner diameter of the fluid conduit around the fluid displacement member. A new beta ratio may be determined from the diameter of the edge of the fluid displacement member and the inner diameter of the sleeve.

Abstract: A load sensor assembly for measuring an amount of torque transmitted through a torque establishing element includes a core mounted on a transmission housing and a load sensor mounted on the core. The load sensor is positioned against a portion of the torque establishing element whereby a portion of the amount of torque transmitted through the torque establishing element travels through the load sensor and is measured. A cable is connected to the load sensor for transmitting a signal representative of the amount of torque to a transmission controller.

Abstract: The invention relates to different designs of a microelectronic device comprising an array of heating elements (HE) with local driving units (CU2) and optionally with an array of sensor elements (SE) adjacent to a sample chamber (SC). By applying appropriate currents to the heating elements (HE), the sample chamber can be heated according to a desired temperature profile. The local driving units comprise means for compensating variations of their individual characteristics.

Abstract: A sampling device has a valve body that comprises an inlet for connecting to an unloading pipe of a container containing dry bulk product, the inlet being shaped to receive a flow of dry bulk product from the container. The valve body has a first outlet which, when opened, discharges the dry bulk product that enters the valve body through the inlet. The valve body also has a second outlet which, when opened, discharges a sample of the dry bulk product, the second outlet having a cross-sectional area that is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the first outlet. The sampling device enables a sample of dry bulk product, e.g. cement, slag, fly ash, cement kiln dust, silica fume, silica sand, lime, alumina, flour, or any other similar dry powdery substance to be obtained safely from a transport container or vessel.

Abstract: A sample injecting device is provided for reducing carryover. The sample injecting device includes the following mode: a needle is set at a low descending speed when sample is injected into an injection port in a total-volume injection manner by the sample injecting device. When the needle is in contact with the injection port, the needle is set at a low speed, thereby increasing the accuracy of the position of the needle relative to an injection hole and decreasing friction between the needle and the injection hole. Contaminants present in the injection hole are prevented from easily flowing from the injection hole into an analyzing flow path, so as to achieve an excellent low carryover.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer metrology technique which corrects for the effect of electrostatic forces on an atmospheric buoyancy compensated weight force measurement of a semiconductor wafer. In one aspect a wafer is weighed in a faraday cage whose is measured independently. A change in the measured weight of the faraday cage can be used to correct the measure weight the wafer. In another aspect a direct electrostatic measurement can be converted into a weight correction using a predetermined correlation between an electrostatic charge measured by the charge meter and a weight error force. In another aspect the electrostatic measurement may be indirect, e.g. derived from varying the distance between the wafer and a grounded plate parallel to the wafer to effect a change in an electrostatic force between the grounded plate and the wafer.

Abstract: An in vitro testing process for simulating conditions of a stomach, comprising, in combination: providing an intragastric device to an acetone bath; inducing swelling of the intragastric device; exacerbating weak spots in the intragastric device; observing the results; and estimating the results of an in vivo study. Improvements to an intragastric space filler to reduce failure at a balloon to shaft area including an adhesive fillet, washers, a balloon cuff and collar, a molded in balloon fillet, and a one-piece molded balloon assembly.

Abstract: A spherical bearing provides a passive apparatus that enables a contact sensor that needs to self-align to the surface of a test object. In some embodiments, the contact sensor is a transducer. This self-alignment apparatus may be used in a measurement system for aligning the face of a contact transducer to the surface of a material to be measured. The spherical bearing may be dry or may be lubricated with a liquid or with pressurized air to minimize the bearing friction and enable the transducer to self-align. The upper portion of the spherical bearing is preferably attached to a spring-loaded piston. The transducer is preferably attached to the lower portion of the spherical bearing. The spring-loaded piston holds the spherical bearing portions together and centers the floating lower bearing portion after each measurement operation. A cowling preferably retains the lower bearing portion between measurements.

Abstract: A rotary actuator mechanism for applying torque to a shaft and comprising an actuator housing forming an actuator path that includes an actuator pinion rotatably supported in said housing and having said shaft secured thereto. The pinion having peripheral notches of a selected shape and positioned within the actuator path. The mechanism having a train of discrete actuator elements having opposite ends and positioned in the actuator path, each of the actuator elements being of said selected shape to enable reception in the peripheral notches, a plurality of the elements engaging the notches. The mechanism having at least one linear actuator supported by the housing and engaging one of the ends of the train of actuator elements, the linear actuator being selectively activated to push the train of discrete actuator elements through the actuator path to thereby serially engage the actuator elements with the notches of the pinion and thereby apply torque to the shaft.

Abstract: Three or more displacement generation mechanisms, which allow some of a plurality of guide members that are provided respectively to a plurality of guide holding members that is capable of reciprocally moving substantially perpendicularly to shifting directions of a reciprocally movable linear motion structural member with respect to a base member, and a rocking member that is provided to an end of a linear motion member capable of reciprocally moving in directions substantially in parallel with the shifting directions of the guide holding members so as to rock around an axis substantially perpendicular to the respective shifting directions of the linear motion structural member and the linear motion member, to be made in contact with each other so that some of the guide holding members are displaced relatively to the linear motion structural member, are operation-controlled, with a result that a transmission gear ratio between a displacement velocity of the linear motion member and a displacement velocity of

Abstract: In a friction drive transmission apparatus arranged to transmit power by a frictional transmission force between two roller units pressed against each other, there is provided a pressing force imparting means to increase and decrease a pressing force imparted to a roller pair to vary the frictional transmission force between both roller units smoothly at the time of a shift.

Abstract: A sliding auxiliary device includes an assembly of a rotating wheel, a gate linked to the rotating wheel, and a toggle mechanism. The toggle mechanism includes a first arm pivoted to the rotating wheel, a second arm pivoted to the first arm, and an elastic member disposed between the first arm and the second arm. The rotating wheel substantially drives the first arm and the second arm of the toggle mechanism to relatively move to store energy in the elastic member, and the elastic member releases the stored energy to generate an acting force to assist the rotation of the rotating wheel after the first arm of the toggle mechanism crosses over a reference axial line, to obtain an improved operation smoothness better than the conventional skills.

Abstract: A rack-and-pinion steering apparatus comprises pinion teeth formed according to proper tooth specifications in other aspects under a larger pressure angle, thereby stably offering smooth and comfortable steering feeling over a long time. The module (m), number of teeth (z), tooth depth (h) and helix angle (?) of the pinion teeth (4) are set within the following ranges, under a pressure angle (?) set within a range of 24° to 30° and a given stroke ratio. module (m): 1.8 to 2.0 number of teeth (z): 7 to 13 tooth depth (h): 2 m to 2.

Abstract: A shift device for an automated or automatic transmission, in particular of a motor vehicle, has a manual selector lever which can be moved into the following stable selector lever positions: P, R, N and E and into four non-stable selector lever positions. Here, the stable selector lever positions are all arranged in alignment in a shift gate. Here, a stable selector lever position E is provided which is arranged in alignment with the stable selector lever positions in the shift gate and, here, is situated between two non-stable tilt positions +/?, which are arranged in alignment with the selector lever positions P, R and N, for step-by-step or multiple shifting, and in a transverse gate, which runs transversely with respect to the shift gate, between the two non-stable selector lever positions D and M arranged in the transverse gate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oblique-driven platform structure, comprising: a base, a first rail, a screw, a first sliding block, a second sliding block, an oblique slide rod, at least one second rail, at least one third sliding block, a work platform, and a motor. There is a trigonometric relation between the oblique slide rod, the screw and the second rail, and an oblique drive angle is formed between the oblique slide rod and the screw; Therefore, with the change of the stroke position of the screw, the displacement resolution of the work platform can still kept the same value when the work platform is driven. Moreover, the displacement of the screw stroke can be proportionally transformed to the feed rate of the work platform through the trigonometric relation, such that the driven work platform can get an extremely high displacement resolution without using any high-level servo motor.

Abstract: A steering wheel includes a generally annular ring section to be hand held for steering a vehicle, and the ring section includes a core member and a cladding layer that covers an outer circumference of the core member all over. The hardness of the cladding layer is varied in a circumferential direction of a cross section of the ring section in which the core member is located at the center. An occupancy by a soft region is greater in a first region of the cladding layer located on a side facing toward a rotation center axis of the ring section than in a second region of the cladding layer located on a side facing away from the rotation center axis, such that the hardness in the first region is lower than that in the second region.

Abstract: A method for controlling back clearance of a motion transmission apparatus, is capable of controlling the generation, reduction and even elimination of a back clearance of a motion transmission apparatus to meet different needs. The motion transmission apparatus comprises: a first electric motor, a second electric motor, and a toothed member engaged with the first and second toothed drive members, when the toothed member needs to be precisely positioned, the back clearance between the second electric motor and the toothed member at different positions of the toothed member will be controlled according to the torque change, so as to consequently change a position offset of the second electric motor with respect to the first electric motor, when the toothed member doesn't need to be precisely positioned, the second electric motor shouldn't be controlled.