Abstract: A surround comprising one or more layers of translucent light filtering silicone having an innermost surface to contact a bulb of a light emitter. Plant materials are internally encapsulated within and throughout the one or more layers of translucent silicone. The plant materials have a plurality of distinct shapes, visible to a naked eye of a person, within the translucent light filtering silicone so as to block light emitted from the light emitter in the shapes of the plant materials.

Abstract: A flashlight includes first and second solid-state light sources, a collimating optical element, and a light guide. Light output by the first light source interacts with the collimating optical element to output a light from the flashlight along an optical axis of the collimating optical element. The light guide includes an outer major surface, a first end, a second end, a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, and a light input edge at the first end. Light from the second light source is input to the light guide at the light input edge and propagates in the light guide by total internal reflection. The light guide additionally includes light extracting elements to extract light from the light guide with a radial component relative to the longitudinal axis and the optical axis.

Abstract: An approach is provided for a patio light, which comprises a main body, a lighting source, a Fresnel lens and a focusing adjuster. The lighting source is mounted on an anterior end of the main body. The Fresnel lens is disposed on an anterior end of the lighting source. The focusing adjuster is disposed on the main body and being used to adjust a distance between the Fresnel lens and the lighting source. Therefore, the patio light of the present invention has a zooming function and has benefit of reducing glare problem.

Abstract: A device for adjusting an optical tube, which is disposed in a housing of a spotlight or optical device and which is guided in the housing in the direction of the optical axis of the spotlight or optical device is provided. An adjustment drive, an operating element and a brake device is disposed between the tube and the housing, which with the adjustment drive not activated connects the tube to the housing in a non-positive locking and/or positive-locking manner and which on activation of the adjustment drive releases the connection between the tube and the housing and enables adjustment of the tube along the optical axis of the spotlight or optical device.

Abstract: A design of lighting fixture is presented whereby the outer glass lens—flat in prior art lighting fixtures—is bowed outward. The design of lighting fixture permits a plurality of LED modules to be contained therein, each with their own visor, without constraining the aiming angle of each due to interference between the outer lens and each individual visor. In this manner, an external visor may be omitted thereby obviating undesirable lighting effects such as uneven lighting while still maintaining a reduced effective projected area (EPA) as compared to prior art lighting fixtures with no external visor and a flat outer glass lens.

Abstract: A luminaire is provided, that includes a housing and a plurality of solid state light sources connected thereto. The housing has a top side, two lateral sides, a protrusion in the top side, and two light source mounting surfaces. The top side is diffusely reflecting and has opposing lateral edges and a center. The lateral sides are specularly reflecting and extend generally downward from the opposing lateral edges of the top side. Each has a respective bottom edge. The light source mounting surfaces extend laterally inward from the respective bottom edges. The plurality of solid state light sources is disposed along the pair of light source mounting surfaces proximate the pair of specularly reflecting lateral sides. These emit light, which travels upward to the top side and is also specuarly reflected by the lateral sides toward the top side. The top side diffusely reflects the light out of the luminaire.

Abstract: Lighting devices are disclosed having a light-transmissive resin sheet and one or more light sources disposed within the light-emitting resin sheet. The light sources may, in some embodiments, be oriented so that a large portion of light emitted from the light sources exhibits total internal reflection within the light-transmissive resin sheet and is trapped inside the sheet. This total internal reflection may, for example, advantageously provide a more uniform light emitted from the lighting device when scattered from objects inside the sheet.

Abstract: A light source is provided including a heat sink and a printed circuit board (PCB) with a driver and lamps disposed in the central cavity of the heat sink. Each lamp is a semi-spherical solid state lamp, and multiple optical structures in operable registration with lamps. The PCB may further have two heat conducting strips proximate opposing edges of the PCB. The optical structures emit substantially shadowless, substantially homogeneous, and substantially monochromatic light. The optical structure includes an optical element for each lamp that substantially collimates the lamp's light and an optical element receiving a portion of the substantially collimated beam and provides multiple optical images of the collimated beam with a focal point that is practically infinite.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a substrate member having a flexible base member, a plurality of wiring portions disposed on the base member, and a covering layer covering the wiring portions and having openings exposing a part of wiring portions, a plurality of light emitting elements electrically connected to the wiring portions, and a plurality of sealing members sealing the plurality of light emitting elements, respectively. The light emitting device has a weight of 1 g/cm2 or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for embedding a non-embedded or bare LED network. To this end, the method of embedding a non-embedded LED network comprises the steps of: •(a) providing said non-embedded LED network associated with a continuous flexible support; •(b) applying in a continuous manner a flexible insulation layer on a liquid basis onto said non-embedded LED network associated with said continuous flexible support.

Abstract: A lighting device having a support module supporting LEDs and having an outer perimeter defining a curved portion, and a housing with an inner surface having a curved portion configured to receive the curved portion of the support module to enable the disk to be aimed, while the curved portions of the disk and housing remain in contact. Optional adjustment means facilitate aiming of the support module without the need to open the sealed LED module.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the luminescent material exhibits a luminescence peak in a wavelength ranging from 490 to 580 nm when excited with light having an emission peak in a wavelength ranging from 250 to 500 nm. The luminescent material has a diffraction peak intensity of the largest peak detected at 2?=30.1-31.1° that is higher than the diffraction peak intensity of the peak detected at 2?=25.0-26.0° in X-ray diffraction by the Bragg-Brendano method using Cu-K? line and its composition is represented by (Sr1?xEux)3?yAl3+zSi13?zO2+uN21?w (a part of the Sr may be substituted by at least one selected from Ba, Ca, Mg and Na, 0<x?1, ?0.1?y?0.3, ?3?z??0.52, and ?1.5?u??0.3, ?3<u?w?1).

Abstract: A light guide fixture system (10) includes a light guide (20) and a fixturing cassette (18). The guide (20) includes and a mounting surface (26) having a mounting feature (30) and a locating feature (28) for engaging a locating feature (72) of a light module (64) and align the guide (20) with respect to a light engine (12). The cassette (18) includes a light guide-receiving region (42) for receiving the mounting surface (26), a mounting feature (52), and a mounting region (44) for mounting the system (10) to the light module (64). The mounting features (30, 52) allow translational motion of the cassette (18) relative to the guide (20) when the guide (20) is received in the light guide-receiving region (42) while allowing the guide (20) to remain in the predetermined position. The cassette (18) secures the guide (20) to the light module (64).

Abstract: A heat dissipation module and a modular lighting device with the heat dissipation module are provided. The modular lighting device includes a transparent lamp cover and a lamp body. The transparent lamp cover and the lamp body are combined together easily. The heat dissipation module is disposed within a smooth cup-shaped receiving chamber. A circuit board is accommodated within the receiving chamber. An electronic component on the circuit board is contacted with the heat dissipation module. The arrangement of the heat dissipation module can increase the heat dissipating efficiency of the modular lighting device. In comparison with the conventional fin-type lamp cup, the fabricating cost of the lamp cup of the modular lighting device of the present invention is reduced.

Abstract: A LED light bulb with a light-shielding structure is provided. The LED light bulb includes a bulb base (1), a transparent cover (2), a sensor (3) and a light-shielding barrel (4). The transparent cover (2) is fixed on a top of the bulb base (1). A lower end of the light-shielding barrel (4) is fixed on the bulb base (1). An upper end of the light-shielding barrel (4) is extended upwardly toward the transparent cover (2). A light-shielding element (8) is disposed within an inner hollow portion of the light-shielding barrel (4). A sheltering part (9) is arranged around the light-shielding element (8) for sheltering a portion of the light beam which is refracted to the light-shielding barrel (4) by the transparent cover (2). The sensor (3) is located at a center of the light-shielding element.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus related to a textured lens (30, 130). The textured lens includes a textured portion (40, 140) having plurality of unique textures. The lens may be utilized in a LED-based lighting fixture (10, 110) to, for example, reduce the presence of color banding and/or color shadows present in the light output of the lighting fixture. The textured portion may extend across all or portions of the lens surface.

Abstract: Discussed are a light guide plate and an apparatus and method for manufacturing the same. The light guide plate manufacturing apparatus includes a stage supporting a substrate for manufacturing the light guide plate, a screen disposed on the substrate supported by the stage, an applying part applying an etching ink onto the screen, and a squeegee pressurizing the screen with the etching ink applied thereon to form a pattern corresponding to a screen pattern in the substrate. The screen pattern corresponding to the pattern to be formed in the substrate is formed in the screen. The etching ink is used for etching the substrate to form the pattern in the substrate. The light guide plate can prevent loss of light due to the pattern, and enhance efficiency of light (emitted from a light source) supplied to a display panel.

Abstract: A niche for a pool or spa light includes a back wall having an aperture for a power cable, a side wall, a plurality of mounting ribs, and a groove formed in at least one of the plurality of mounting ribs for receiving a locking mechanism of a pool or a spa light for locking the pool or spa light in position with respect to the niche. In another embodiment, a niche for a pool or spa light includes a body and a rotatable hub with a plurality of mounting ribs for attaching a pool or spa light to the hub. The body includes a back wall having a power cable aperture and a threaded aperture for receiving a screw, and a side wall. The hub includes a back wall having an aperture for receiving the screw and a plurality of mounting ribs, the hub being rotatable about the screw. A groove is formed in at least one of the plurality of mounting ribs for receiving a locking mechanism of a pool or a spa light for locking the pool or spa light in position with respect to the niche.

Abstract: A device is provided for fastening and contacting a lighting means and/or a lighting module, the device including at least one socket housing. The lighting means and/or lighting module is arranged in the socket housing of the device. The lighting means and/or lighting module has at least two contacting elements, which are arranged separately from each other on the lighting means and/or lighting module and which are each electrically contacted by means of a respective individual contact of the socket housing. The device includes an adapter element having at least one collective contact point, having at least one electrical connection. An individual contact of the socket housing and a contact of a collective contact point are connected by means of an electrical connection. Also provided is a lamp having such a device.

Abstract: A device is provided for fastening and contacting a lighting means and/or a lighting module, the device including at least one socket housing. The lighting means and/or lighting module is arranged in the socket housing of the device. The lighting means and/or lighting module includes at least two contacting elements, which are arranged separately from each other on the lighting means and/or lighting module and which are each electrically contacted by means of a respective individual contact of the socket housing. The device includes an adapter element having at least one collective contact point, wherein at least one electrical connection is present. An individual contact of the socket housing and a contact of a collective contact point are connected by means of an electrical connection. A lamp including the device is also presented.

Abstract: An LED light source with an attached heat sink includes larger fins, smaller fins, a mounting platform and light emitting diodes attached to the mounting platform. The larger fins are oriented parallel to the smaller fins. The larger fins are integrally formed with a first base, and the smaller fins are integrally formed with a second base. The bottom surface of the second base contacts the larger fins, which are more than twice as tall as the smaller fins. There are more than twice as many smaller fins than larger fins per distance perpendicular to the fins. Ducts are formed between the larger fins and the bottom surface of the second base. Intake holes pass through the first base into each duct near the end of the duct that is blocked by an end wall. The mounting platform with the LEDs is attached to the bottom of the first base.

Abstract: An illuminating device for indoor lighting comprising a visible panel, through which light can be transmitted. The visible panel includes a portion having transparent material, and a panel retaining device. The retaining device has a retaining means for retaining the visible panel and a fixing means for mounting the visible panel on a ceiling or on a wall. The retaining device has at least three interconnected retaining arms which are arranged in the shape of a star and which retain at least two visible panel parts at the inner faces of the visible panel parts, the inner faces of the visible panel parts bordering each other such that said visible panel parts together form a substantially continuous visible panel surface. The visible panel parts have free outer faces which are not retained by the retaining arms and which together from the outer circumference of the visible panel.

Abstract: A saddle-ride vehicle blinker device includes an elastic support member elastically supports the blinker main body at a blinker support part provided on a vehicle body. An electric wire outlet port is disposed at or in a vicinity of the elastic support member. The electric wire is drawn from the electric wire outlet port. A water avoiding part is to cover the electric wire outlet port. A hinge part couples the water avoiding part and the elastic support member both of which are molded integrally with the hinge part. The water avoiding part includes an engagement part which is configured to engage with at least one of a part of the blinker main body, the electric wire, and the blinker support part to maintain the water avoiding part in a position to cover the electric wire outlet port while the hinge part is bent.

Abstract: An vehicle lighting apparatus that can be used to increase the visibility profile of a vehicle is described. The apparatus includes a base adapted to connect to a vehicle frame; a power supply; and an elongated light source supported by the base and coupled to the power supply. The elongated light source is adapted to extend above the vehicle frame with respect to a surface the vehicle frame is to traverse thereon.

Abstract: A front cowl structure for a saddle riding type vehicle for preventing turbulence in a stream of air flowing over a front cowl surface. The front cowl structure includes a duct placed inside a front cowl with a duct opening that opens to the front of the vehicle. The front cowl has a cowl front surface opening at a leading end portion thereof for opening a cowl front surface. Headlights are disposed on both lateral sides of the cowl front surface opening with each having a lens surface. The lens surfaces form opening edge portions on both lateral sides of the cowl front surface opening. The lens surfaces are each inclined to a vehicle outer side and rearwardly from the opening edge portions. The duct opening and a cowl opening central portion of the cowl front surface opening are substantially aligned with each other in a vehicle longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A light housing is adapted for attachment to a mirror unit and includes a light source. The light housing has a closed end, which includes at least three rearward sides, where the at least three rearward sides are adapted for engagement with the mirror unit. An opening formed in the closed end is adapted for attachment of the light source through the closed end.

Abstract: A concentric lighting module with conical mirror for creating of a three-dimensional optical effect, especially in the outer brake and tail lights of a motor vehicle, has in the peripheral region of the conical mirror (3) a cylindrical output part (2c) of a light guide (2) provided by at least one offset (2d) on its outer side, which terminates in an active surface (2e) and which couples in the region beyond the conical mirror (3) to the collimator part (2b) of the light guide (2), formed by a parabolic collimator and a lens and applied by its input part (2a) against the light source (1) of the module, and at the transition between the collimator part (2b) and the output part (2c) of the light guide (2) the module is provided with a total internal light reflection surface (4), whose bottom part also forms an optical prism (4a).

Abstract: A vehicle lamp is provided which includes a toroidal lens 30 which extends into an arc shape so as to surround a light source 20 from a front side thereof. By adopting this configuration, light emitted from the light source 20 is allowed to emanate from the toroidal lens 30 as it is as diffuse light in a horizontal plane in which the toroidal lens 30 extends, while the light is allowed to emanate from the toroidal lens 30 as parallel light in a vertical plane. Furthermore, a front surface 30Aa of a central portion 30A of the toroidal lens 30 in the direction in which the toroidal lens 30 extends into the arc shape is formed so as to be displaced rearwards relative to an imaginary extensional plane C1 from front surfaces 30Ba of general portions 30B which are situated at both sides of the central portion 30A.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicular headlamp including a lamp casing configured by a lamp housing having an opening at least at one side thereof and a cover that covers the opening of the lamp housing, and a lamp unit disposed within the lamp casing. The lamp unit includes: a light source unit having a light source; a movable shade configured to be rotatable and change the shielding quantity of light; a solenoid having an output shaft which moves in a left-and-right direction and configured to rotate the movable shade; a rotation shaft configured to function as a rotation fulcrum of the movable shade, the axial direction of the shaft corresponding to the left and right direction; and an orthogonal transformation mechanism configured to convert a movement action of the output shaft to a rotation movement of the movable shade.

Abstract: An optical unit includes a lens through which light emitted from a light source enters from behind and the light emits frontward as an irradiation beam. A rotation lens moves periodically, and a front part is scanned with the irradiation beam, so that a predetermined irradiated region can be formed. The rotation lens may be configured such that the lens rotates about a rotation axis connected to a drive part and such that the direction of light, which emits from the light source and is then refracted when the light passes through the lens, varies periodically.

Abstract: A fog lamp for a vehicle is disclosed. Light leaving an LED is collected by a refractive/TIR lens. The central portion of the refractive/TIR lens is purely refractive, while the peripheral portion of the lens includes a total internal reflection off an exterior surface of the lens. The refractive/TIR lens converges the light to a focus at or near a laterally-elongated aperture in a light baffle. Light exiting the aperture diverges and passes through an anamorphic lens, which reduces the angular extent of the beam in the vertical direction and increases the angular extent in the lateral direction. The full fog lamp may include multiple pairs of LEDs and respective refractive/TIR lenses, all arranged coplanar, parallel and laterally adjacent to each other. The LED/lens pairs may all direct light through a single light baffle and through a single anamorphic lens.

Abstract: A waveguide (100, 101) such as optical fiber is to receive a primary light in a longitudinal (propagation) direction. The fiber has formed therein scattering structures (105, 106, 107) that re-direct the propagating primary light out of the waveguide, for instance in a transverse direction. A photo-luminescent layer (103) absorbs the re-directed primary light to thereby emit secondary wavelength converted light having a different wavelength than and broader bandwidth than the primary light, resulting in white illumination light, being the secondary light combined with any unabsorbed primary light. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) apparatus comprises a substrate, a first layer formed over at least a portion of the substrate, an active layer formed over at least a portion of the first layer, a second layer formed over at least a portion of the active layer, and at least one waveguide formed below the substrate. A first portion of light from the LED is directed in a first direction and a second portion of light from the LED is directed in a second direction via the waveguide, the second direction being different than the first direction. The apparatus may further comprise a shutter formed at least one of above and below the waveguide, the shutter being adjustable to control an amount of light entering or exiting the waveguide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting strip (100) for mounting in or on a panel support element (210) of a modular panel system (200). The lighting strip comprises an optical waveguide (120) having a tapered portion increasing in thickness from the center towards a first side of the lighting strip. The lighting strip also comprises a first plurality of solid state lighting elements (110) placed along the first side of the lighting strip, facing said tapered portion (120). The lighting strip further comprises a reflective surface (140) and a light output surface comprising a glare reducing member (130), each extending between the first side and a second side opposite to the first side. The optical waveguide is located between the reflective surface and the glare reducing member. A lighting system, panel support element (210) and modular panel system (200) including such a lighting strip (100) are also disclosed.

Abstract: An illuminated color display panel having at least one light diffusing waveguide, and a transparent panel having at least one luminophore provided in a predetermined pattern on at least one major planar surface of the transparent panel is provided. Light from at least one light source is coupled to the waveguide and light from the waveguide is coupled to the panel at or adjacent at least one edge of the panel. The resulting illuminated color display panel is useful for general lighting purposes and signage.

Abstract: An operation device includes a cover and a substrate on which a plurality of electrodes which detects a capacitance and which is provided corresponding to each of a plurality of touch switches is mounted. The operation device includes a laminated structure in which at least an elastic sheet that is self-tacking and closely contacts a plurality of electrodes is inserted between the cover and the substrate. At least one through hole is formed at a location on the substrate facing the elastic sheet.

Abstract: A display module is provided. The display module includes a frame, a light guide plate, a light source device, a display panel and an optical film. The light guide plate is accommodated within the frame. The light guide plate has a recess. The light source device is disposed between the frame and the light guide plate. The display panel is disposed on the recess and attached to the light guide plate to seal the recess. The optical film is located within the recess. A handheld electronic device having said display module is also provided.

Abstract: The optical waveguide sheet of the present invention is an optical waveguide sheet for use in an edge-lit backlight unit of a liquid crystal display unit of laptop computers having a housing thickness of no greater than 21 mm, and includes an optical waveguide layer containing a polycarbonate-based resin as a principal component; and a protective layer laminated on the back face of the optical waveguide layer, the protective layer containing an acrylic resin as a principal component, wherein an average thickness of the optical waveguide sheet is no lower than 250 ?m and no greater than 600 ?m. An average thickness of the protective layer is preferably no less than 10 ?m and no greater than 100 ?m, and a relative refractive index of the protective layer with respect to the optical waveguide layer is preferably no greater than 0.95.

Abstract: The optical waveguide sheet of the present invention is for use in an edge-lit backlight unit of a liquid crystal display unit of laptop computers having a housing thickness of no greater than 21 mm, and includes: an optical waveguide layer containing a polycarbonate-based resin as a principal component; and a hard coat layer laminated on the back face side of the optical waveguide layer, an average thickness of the optical waveguide sheet being no greater than 600 ?m. An average thickness of the hard coat layer is preferably from 2 ?m to 20 ?m. The optical waveguide sheet preferably further includes a lower refractive index layer that is laminated on the back face of the optical waveguide layer and has a refractive index lower than that of the optical waveguide layer, and the hard coat layer is preferably laminated on the back face of the lower refractive index layer.

Abstract: An illumination device including a light guiding element, a light emitting element, and a reflective element is provided. The light guiding element has a light incident surface, a light emitting surface, a first surface and a second surface. The light incident surface surrounds the light guiding element and is connected between the light emitting surface and the first surface. The first surface is connected between the light incident surface and the second surface so that the second surface is substantially opposite to the light incident surface. The second surface constructs a depression structure having a diameter gradually changed from the first surface towards the light emitting surface. The light emitting element surrounds the light guiding element to emit a light towards the light incident surface. The reflective element is disposed at least on the first surface.

Abstract: A light guide element and a method for manufacturing the same, and a lighting fixture are described. The light guide element includes a light guide body, a plurality of first and second microstructures corresponding to each other. The light guide body includes a first and a second light-emitting surface opposite to and parallel to each other. The first and second microstructures are respectively disposed on the first and second light-emitting surfaces by a first arrangement rule based on a first datum line and a second arrangement rule based on a second datum line. The first datum line is different from the second datum line. In a normal direction of the first light-emitting surface, each second microstructure laps over the corresponding first microstructure in part. When an incident light enters the light guide body, a first and a second mesh patterns are respectively formed on the first and second light-emitting surfaces.

Abstract: Electronic devices may include displays. A display may include backlight components such as a light guide plate that distributes light from a light source across the display. The light source may include a plurality of light-emitting diodes mounted on a printed circuit substrate. A portion of the light guide plate may be attached to the printed circuit substrate using adhesive. The adhesive may be a supported adhesive that includes a lining of reflective material. A reflective coating such as a layer of white coverlay may be formed on the surface of the printed circuit substrate and may be configured to reflect light into the light guide plate. The reflective coating may serve as a solder mask. The printed circuit substrate may be attached to a metal display chassis using adhesive. A shim may be used to raise the height of the light source relative to the printed circuit substrate.

Abstract: A display which thickness is allowed to be reduced is provided. A display includes: a display panel; and a back-face member having rigidity and provided on a back face of the display panel, the back-face member covering the back face, or the back face and other part of the display panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite light guide plate having a thickness of more than about 1 mm, for use in LCD backlights or in general illumination devices. In the fabrication method of the present invention the extrusion roll molding process is combined with coating and lamination steps to enable a cost effective roll-to-roll or roll-to-sheet manufacture of the thick composite light guide plate wherein one or both principal surfaces of the light guide plate contain a pattern to enable extraction and redirection of light by the light guide plate from a light source or multiple light sources placed at one or multiple edges of the light guide plate. The composite light guide plate comprises a patterned film and a pre-cut sheet joined together by an adhesive layer.

Abstract: Devices and systems for power electronic circuits are provided. Embodiments of the present invention enable high density inductive energy storage by using electromechanical coupling between an electrically conducting inductive element and a mechanical resonator to passively store energy via both electromagnetic and mechanical mechanisms. A microelectromechanical inductor (MEMI) is provided utilizing a magnet and a conductor. In a specific embodiment, the MEMI includes a permanent magnet on a compliant layer centrally disposed within a spiral coil. In a further embodiment, a second coil is provided near the magnet to provide a resonating transducer.

Abstract: The present application provides a mixed control method for a resonant converter, a resonant converter system and a mixed controller. When the resonant converter operates in a case where a voltage gain is less than a predetermined value, the method includes: setting a mixed control start frequency, a mixed control stop frequency and a slope of a phase-shifting angle; detecting an operating frequency of the converter; calculating a time delay of phase shifting according to the slope, the mixed control start frequency, the mixed control stop frequency and a resonant frequency of the resonant converter; and according to the time delay, the mixed control start and stop frequencies, generating a control signal to adjust the operating frequency and the phase-shifting angle of the resonant converter. The present application can realize a relatively low voltage gain and a small circuit loss, thereby the circuit efficiency may be improved.

Abstract: An AlGaN/GaN HEMT includes: a compound semiconductor layer; a source electrode and a drain electrode formed on an upper side of the compound semiconductor layer; and an Al—Si—N layer being a high-resistance layer disposed in a lower portion of at least one of the source electrode and the drain electrode and higher in an electric resistance value than the source electrode and the drain electrode.

Abstract: A gate electrode is formed above a compound semiconductor stacked structure, and the gate electrode includes a stack of a TaN:Al layer in which Al is solid-dissolved in TaN, a TaAlN layer made of a compound of TaN and Al, and an Al layer.

Abstract: A compound semiconductor device includes: a compound semiconductor layered structure; a gate electrode formed above the compound semiconductor layered structure; a first protective insulating film that covers a surface of the compound semiconductor layered structure and is made of silicon nitride as a material; a second protective insulating film that covers the gate electrode on the first protective insulating film and is made of silicon oxide as a material; and a third protective insulating film that contains silicon oxynitride and is formed between the first protective insulating film and the second protective insulating film.

Abstract: An AlGaN/GaN.HEMT includes: a compound semiconductor layered structure; and an interlayer insulating film that covers a surface of the compound semiconductor layered structure, the interlayer insulating film including a first insulating film and a second insulating film that is formed on the first insulating film to fill irregularities on a surface of the first insulating film and has a flat surface.