Abstract: A mobile terminal is provided. The mobile terminal includes a display module mounted to a terminal body, and having a window coupled thereto; a fixing unit configured to couple the window and the display module to each other; and a case covering one side surface of the display module, and forming an appearance of the terminal body, wherein the fixing unit extends from one point between the window and the display module, to a side surface of the display module, such that the display module is coupled to the case.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the invention includes: a rectangular polarizer attached to a liquid crystal display panel; a frame-shaped frame having four sides; a first bonding layer arranged only at a position biased toward any of edges on an upper surface of the polarizer, and bonding the polarizer to the liquid crystal display panel; and a second bonding layer arranged only at a position biased toward any of edges on a lower surface of the polarizer, and bonding the frame to the polarizer.

Abstract: A curved liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel, a backlight unit, a bottom cover and a reinforcement frame. The liquid crystal display panel includes a thin film transistor substrate and a color filter substrate. The backlight unit applies light to the liquid crystal display panel. The bottom cover supports the backlight unit and has a flat shape. The reinforcement frame has a predetermined curvature and is attached to the bottom cover. The flat bottom cover is mounted on the reinforcement frame such that the flat bottom cover has the predetermined curvature of the reinforcement frame.

Abstract: In a display device to be mounted in a vehicle, a space is secured between a cover with which a first opening of a case main body is sealed and a liquid crystal panel of a display unit mounted on the backside of the case main body, ventilation openings (spaces around protrusions and through holes) that communicate with an external space are formed in portions of a casing, which is a component member of the display unit, except for the front surface of the casing, and protruding portions each partially supporting the outer edge portion of the front surface of the liquid crystal panel are formed on the inner surface of the front wall of the casing. Thus, a long and complicated air flow path is secured around the liquid crystal panel by the protruding portions, and the space and the external space communicates with each other via the path.

Abstract: The present invention provides a backlight module and a display apparatus. The display apparatus comprises the backlight module and a display panel. The backlight module comprises a light collector, optical fibers, a fiber light-outputting substrate, a light guide plate and fiber fixing collars. The optical fibers are connected between the light collector and the fiber light-outputting substrate. The light guide plate is disposed at one side of the fiber light-outputting substrate. The fiber fixing collars are attached to light-emitting ends of the optical fibers for fixing the optical fibers to the fiber light-outputting substrate. The present invention can use ambient light rays to form a backlight source.

Abstract: The present invention provides a backlight module and a display apparatus. The display apparatus comprises the backlight module and a display panel. The backlight module comprises a light collector, optical fibers, a light guide bar and a light guide plate. The optical fibers are connected between the light collector and the light guide bar. The light guide plate is disposed at one side of the light guide bar. The present invention can use ambient light rays to form a backlight source.

Abstract: A method for producing a light guide plate includes forming a light introduction part that introduces light incident through an end face, and forming a light guide plate body that has a thickness less than a maximum thickness of the light introduction part, forming the light guide plate body to be continuously joined to the light introduction part, and forming the light guide plate body so as to cause a light controller to output the incident light to an outside. The light guide plate producing method further includes a conveying step of conveying a resin sheet between a first die and a second die, which are disposed while facing each other, wherein a transfer surface is provided in at least one of surfaces facing each other in the first and second dies.

Abstract: A transfer molding method includes an insertion step of inserting a resin sheet between a first die and a second die, which are disposed opposite each other, a sandwiching step of sandwiching the resin sheet between the first and second dies while a transfer surface of a transfer member is brought into contact with at least one of surfaces of the resin sheet, and a transfer molding step of heating at least one of the first and second dies to melt at least a surface portion of the resin sheet with which the transfer surface of the transfer member is brought into contact, and exhausting residual air remaining in a recess through a groove portion connected to the recess when a thick portion is formed by the recess formed in the transfer surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a backlight module and a display apparatus. The display apparatus comprises the backlight module and a display panel. The backlight module comprises a light collector, at least one optical fiber bundle, a fiber light-outputting substrate, a light guide plate and a fiber holding plate. The optical fiber bundle is connected between the light collector and the fiber light-outputting substrate. The light guide plate is disposed at one side of the fiber light-outputting substrate, and the fiber holding plate is configured to hold optical fibers of the optical fiber bundle. The present invention can use ambient light rays to form a backlight source.

Abstract: The present invention provides a backlight module and a display apparatus. The display apparatus comprises the backlight module and a display panel. The backlight module comprises a light collector, optical fibers, a fiber light-outputting substrate and a light guide plate. The optical fibers are connected between the light collector and the fiber light-outputting substrate. The light guide plate is disposed at one side of the fiber light-outputting substrate. The light guide plate includes light diffusion recessions, and the light diffusion recessions face the light-outputting openings of the fiber light-outputting substrate. The present invention can use ambient light rays to form a backlight source.

Abstract: An area light source device has a transfer-molded optical member, and a light source disposed in a position facing at least one of end faces of the optical member. Light incident to the optical member from the light source is output through a light exit surface of the optical member. A cutting back clearance portion is provided in at least one of corner portions of the end face of the optical member.

Abstract: An edge-light type backlight device includes: a light guide plate that is housed in a frame-shaped member; a long wiring substrate 60 that is positioned at least on one side face of the light guide plate; a plurality of point-shaped light sources 80 that are positioned in the wiring substrate 60; and a rectangular heat spreader 70 that is positioned along the wiring substrate 60 and that dissipates the heat of the wiring substrate 60. The wiring substrate 60 and the heat spreader 70 are fixed to each other by screws 65 that are disposed on both ends in the lengthwise direction of the heat spreader 70, and are adhered to each other via a double-sided adhesive tape 75 that is positioned in the central portion of the heat spreader 70 in the lengthwise direction thereof.

Abstract: A compensation system for liquid crystal panels and a liquid crystal display are disclosed. The compensation system includes a first biaxial compensation film and a second biaxial compensation film respectively arranged on two sides of the liquid crystal panel. When the wavelength of incident lights is 550 nm, an in-plain retardation value of the first biaxial compensation film is Ro1, a thickness retardation value of the first biaxial compensation film is Rth1, an in-plain retardation value of the second biaxial compensation film is Ro2, and a thickness retardation value of the second biaxial compensation film is Rth2. Wherein 35 nmRo187.5 nm; 80 nmRth1200 nm; 28 nmRo289.6 nm; Y1Rth2Y2; Y1=0.005389×Rth12?2,367048×Rth1+323. 45; Y2=?0.003571×Rth12+0.085714×Rth1+226.74. By configuring the retardation values of the double-layers biaxial compensation films, the dark-state light leakage of the liquid crystal panels may be reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel, a polarizing plate on a surface of the liquid crystal panel and having a polarizing axis; and a compensation film between the liquid crystal panel and the polarizing plate, and having an optical axis at which light passes through the compensation film. When a surface of the compensation film is referred to as a x-y plane, a plane passing through an x-axis and vertical to the optical axis of the compensation film is referred to as an x-y? plane. A first retardation value (Ro?) of the compensation film is (nx?ny?)d, and a second retardation value (Rth?) is [(nx+ny?)/2?nz?]d, and the first and second retardation values (Ro?) and (Rth?) satisfy the following Formula of 0.92?Rth?/Ro??4.75, where ‘n’ denotes a refractive index and ‘d’ denotes a thickness of the compensation film in a z-axis direction.

Abstract: There is provided an optical laminate that significantly suppresses the warping of a liquid crystal panel and can realize high contrast. An optical laminate of the present invention includes: a polarizing film having a thickness of 10 ?m or less; and a reflective polarization film. A liquid crystal panel of the present invention includes: a liquid crystal cell; and the optical laminate of the present invention. According to another aspect of the present invention, an optical laminate set is provided. The optical laminate set includes: a first optical laminate that is the optical laminate of the present invention as described above; and a second optical laminate including a polarizing film having a thickness larger than the thickness of the polarizing film of the first optical laminate by 5 ?m or more.

Abstract: There are provided a retardation film, a manufacturing method thereof, and a liquid crystal display device including the same. The retardation film includes 1) an acrylic film, 2) a coating layer of a negative C-type material, and 3) a primer layer including a copolymer containing an aromatic vinyl-based unit and a maleic acid-based unit, provided between the acrylic film and the coating layer of the negative C-type material. The retardation film may be used in an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display apparatus, a pair of substrates has surfaces which is so arranged as to be opposed to each other. The one of the opposed surfaces has a display region in which pixels are arrayed in a matrix. A liquid crystal layer is held between the opposed surfaces of the pair of substrates. A first shading portion is arranged to surround the display region. A second shading portion is arranged between the first shading portion and an outer peripheral end of the one of the substrates, and is formed as discontinuous segments.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell is disclosed. The liquid crystal cell includes a color filter substrate, an active array substrate spaced from the color filter substrate, and optical lenses arranged adjacent to the color filter substrate. A liquid crystal display includes the liquid crystal cells is also disclosed. The lens power of the liquid crystal cell is increased and the thickness of the liquid crystal cell is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal panel, its manufacturing method, and a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal panel comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other; a scattering type liquid crystal layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate and capable of being switched between a dark state and a bright state; and a color filter layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. According to the present invention, a transparent/translucent liquid crystal panel capable of realizing color display is obtained.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition comprising a dye (A), a dispersant (B), a solvent (C), and a photosensitive binder component (D), the dye (A) being dispersed in the solvent (C) by the dispersant (B), wherein the dye (A) is a dye having a sulfonic acid group; the dispersant (B) is a block polymer that contains a block portion comprising a repeating unit having a tertiary amine; the solvent (C) is a solvent having a solubility of the dye (A) of 0.2 (g/100 g solvent) or less at 23° C.; and a micelle is formed by an acid-base interaction between the tertiary amine of the dispersant (B) and the sulfonic acid group of the dye (A).

Abstract: A half-transmitting and half-reflecting color film substrate, manufacture method thereof and liquid crystal display device are provided. The half-transmitting and half-reflecting color film substrate comprises a transparent substrate (1) and a black matrix (2) arranged on the transparent substrate (1). The black matrix (2) has a plurality of notches, and a plurality of color filters (3, 4, 5) are arranged in the notches of the black matrix (2). The plurality of color filters (3, 4, 5) are used for presenting different primary color, wherein the first color filter (5) of the plurality of color filters (3, 4, 5) is made of negative photosensitive resin, and the other color filters (3, 4) are made of positive photosensitive resin.

Abstract: Pixel electrodes are formed in a display region, and dummy electrodes are formed in a dummy region. A ratio of the area of the dummy electrodes in the dummy region is smaller than a ratio of the area of the pixel electrodes in the display region.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a transflective display device, includes a first substrate on which a first orientation film and a plurality of reflective electrodes formed for each of pixels are provided; a second substrate on which a second orientation film and a transparent electrode that is opposite to the reflective electrodes are provided; and a liquid crystal layer including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. A direction of long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to surfaces of the first and second orientation films and twisted between the first substrate and the second substrate. The reflective electrode is configured to perform reflective display, and a space between the reflective electrodes of the adjacent pixels is configured to perform transmissive display.

Abstract: An image display device includes a liquid crystal lens on a display surface side of a display panel. The liquid crystal lens includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first alignment film and a second alignment film formed on an interface of the liquid crystal layer. The first alignment film and the second alignment film are alignment films subjected to a rubbing treatment so that liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are aligned in a 90° twist in a first direction by the provision of a pretilt angle. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned, by the addition of a chiral agent to the liquid crystal layer, in a 90° twist in a second direction opposite to the first direction in a state where an electric field is not applied.

Abstract: A sealed body which is sealed with low-melting-point glass and has high airtightness is provided. In the sealed body, at least a wiring layer is provided between two facing substrates, the two substrates are bonded together with the use of a sealing layer containing glass frits as a material, and a metal layer is selectively provided in a region where the wiring layer and the sealing layer overlap. In a laser light irradiation step, the metal layer functions as a laser light reflecting film and suppresses application of excess energy to a sealing member in a region overlapping with the wiring layer.

Abstract: A display device of the present invention includes a thin film transistor in a pixel region formed over a substrate, the thin film transistor including an active layer and a gate electrode with a gate insulating film interposed between the active layer and the gate electrode, a silicon nitride film formed over the thin film transistor, a resin film formed over the silicon nitride film, an inorganic insulating film formed over the resin film; a metal layer formed over the substrate; and a sealing material formed over the metal layer, wherein the sealing material covers a region where the resin film is not formed over the silicon nitride film.

Abstract: A to-be-cut liquid crystal mother panel includes a TFT mother substrate forming at least one voltage-applying area onto which an external voltage is applied, a CF mother substrate arranged corresponding to the TFT mother substrate, and a pressure-reduction member located between the CF mother substrate and the TFT mother substrate; the pressure-reduction member corresponds to the voltage-applying area for reducing an adsorptive force between the voltage-applying area and an end portion of the CF mother substrate corresponding to the voltage-applying area. The pressure-reduction member increases the surface roughness of the end portion, avoids a vacuum state formed between the end portion and the voltage-applying area, reduces the adsorptive force between the end portion and the voltage-applying area, and allows the splitting device to separate the end portion from the TFT mother substrate easily after the liquid crystal mother panel is cut.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, liquid-crystalline media containing the compounds, in particular liquid crystal (LC) media and LC displays having a polymer-stabilized blue phase, and also LC media for LC displays of the PS or PSA type (“polymer-sustained” or “polymer-sustained alignment”).

Abstract: An eyeglass frame includes a pair of temple arms thereon, each temple arm having an ornament mounting area disposed along a temple region of the frame and a first end of the mounting area and a second end of the mounting area spaced apart from the first end; each temple arm having a diameter dimension of a size sufficient to fit through a hole opening of a detachable ornament, wherein each ornament mounting area is configured to detachably secure the ornament thereon.

Abstract: An eyeglass assembly includes: a frame having a transverse segment and first segments that cooperate with the transverse segment to form two generally L-shaped structures; a lens unit having an upper lens edge and first lens edges and formed with two engaging recesses, the lens unit being inserted into the frame so that the lens unit is restricted by the generally L-shaped structures; and a pair of temple arms, each of which has an engaging tongue. The engaging tongues engage the respective engaging recesses when the temple arms are disposed at an unfolded position, and are disengaged from the respective engaging recesses when the temple arms are disposed at a folded position.

Abstract: A pair of safety glasses includes a body having a frame, two temples, and two shields. The frame includes two sides. A pivotal portion is formed on a rear end of each side. Each temple includes a front end having a pivotal section pivotably connected to one of the pivotal portions. Each shield includes a coupling portion on an upper end thereof. The coupling portion of each shield includes a coupling groove having at least one hook. Each shield further includes a lower shielding portion on a lower end thereof. When each temple is in the folded position, the coupling groove of each shield can be coupled to the front end of one of the temples via a spacing between the frame and the temple, with the at least one hook of each shield engaged in at least one retaining groove of one of the temples.

Abstract: A temple folding structure on a pair of eyeglasses includes a lens frame and a temple. The lens frame and the temple respectively include an engaging portion and spaced upper and lower connection segments. The engaging portion includes a mounting hole with a plurality of teeth formed on an inner surface of the mounting hole. A pivot is provided on each of a bottom surface of the upper connection segment and a top surface of the lower connection segment and includes a plurality of anchoring teeth. The upper and lower connection segments clamp the engaging portion, with the pivots inserted into the mounting hole and with the anchoring teeth meshing with the teeth in the mounting hole, allowing the temple to be pivoted and positioned at various angles relative to the lens frame.

Abstract: Eyeglass assemblies including an eyeglass lens having an engaging portion. Under typical conditions of use, the engaging portion is maintained in contact with an eyeglass frame member by means of a removable bonding member (RBM). Under selected atypical ambient conditions, the RBM changes so that the engaging portion and the frame member can be separated. The engaging portion can extend from the lens, or can be a recess in the lens. The RBM can be a suitable adhesive (RBA), or a component composed of a shape memory metal (RBSMA) or a material which softens when subjected to heat or other atypical condition. The engaging portion can be shaped and treated to reduce stresses therein. Similarly, the open ends of an eyeglass rim can be maintained in contact with each other under typical conditions of use by an RBA or an RBSMA so that the rim is positioned around an eyeglass lens, but can be released under selected atypical ambient conditions.

Abstract: This invention provides a mold set for manufacturing a hybrid contact lens. The mold set comprises two types of upper molds and a lower mold; alternatively, the mold set comprises an upper mold and two types of lower molds. It is selectable to form the near-center region of a hybrid contact lens first and form the near-periphery region subsequently, or to form the near-periphery region first and the near-center region subsequently. This invention also provides a hybrid contact lens manufactured with any of said mold sets, comprising a first portion and a second portion which are disposed concentrically relative to a center of the hybrid contact lens and adhered to each other. The first portion and second portion are modeled to form a near-center region and a near-periphery region of the hybrid contact lens respectively, wherein the first portion has vision correction properties.

Abstract: A method for preparing an abrasion resistant optical article comprising: providing an optical article having at least one main face bearing an abrasion resistant coating;_positioning said optical article in a vacuum deposition chamber;_depositing a first inorganic layer comprising SiO2 onto and in direct contact with said abrasion resistant coating by vacuum evaporation of SiO2 and/or SiOx, with 1<x<2, in said vacuum chamber, the thickness of said first inorganic layer ranging from 10 to 100 nm, wherein oxygen is introduced inside said vacuum chamber during said evaporation; said deposition being conducted without ion assistance; depositing a second inorganic layer comprising SiO2 onto and in direct contact with said first inorganic layer by vacuum evaporation of SiO2 and/or SiOx, with 1<x<2, in said vacuum chamber, the thickness of said second inorganic layer ranging from 70 to 300 nm, wherein said deposition is conducted without ion assistance and the pressure in said vacuum chamber during the d

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for producing a colloidal suspension of zirconia particles, comprising the following successive steps: a) subjecting a mixture of zirconium oxychloride and an alkali metal halide in an aqueous solvent to hydrothermal treatment at a temperature above 150° C., b) separating the slurry obtained from the supernatant, and c) peptizing said slurry by adding a strong acid thereto, and d) desalting said slurry, for example by ultrafiltration, so as to form a colloidal suspension of zirconia. It also pertains to the transparent colloidal suspension obtainable by this method, and to an optical article, such as an ophthalmic lens, comprising a transparent polymer substrate and at least one coating prepared from a composition comprising said colloidal suspension.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plastic lens capable of suppressing deformation while having a photochromic film. A plastic lens according to the present invention is configured to include a plastic substrate formed in a meniscus shape with a concave surface and a convex surface, a photochromic film provided on the convex surface of the plastic substrate, and a stress compensation film provided on the concave surface of the plastic substrate.

Abstract: A positioning unit for positioning an optical unit in an optical path of a microscope between a microscope lens and in front of an eye to be examined includes a connection device and a positioning device. The connection device couples the positioning unit to the microscope. The positioning device moves the optical element relative to the microscope in a longitudinal direction of the optical path. The positioning unit is predominantly formed from aluminum free metal.

Abstract: One embodiment is a method for finding, calculating and electronically marking a reference axis for astigmatism correction/neutralization of a patient eye during a refractive surgery. The reference axis for astigmatism correction/neutralization can be determined intra-operatively based on one or more eye property measurements together with simultaneous recording a live eye image. The determined reference axis of astigmatism correction/neutralization can be updated and registered with one or more land mark(s) of the recorded eye image(s); and overlaid onto a live image of the eye. Another embodiment is a method of calculating and displaying in real time compensated refractive errors of the eye under operation with refractive components due to temporary surgically induced factors removed and refractive components due to surgeon-induced factors added.

Abstract: Provided is an actuator including a substrate, a movable portion provided so as to be movable with respect to the substrate, at least three elastic bodies for supporting the movable portion to the substrate in a displaceable manner, a movable comb electrode supported by the movable portion and extending in a direction parallel to a surface of the substrate, and a fixed comb electrode supported by the substrate and extending in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate in which the movable comb electrode and the fixed comb electrode are arranged so as to be alternately engaged with each other with a distance, and each of all of the elastic bodies has a long axis that forms an angle of more than 90° and 180° or less with respect to at least one of the other elastic bodies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical coherence tomography device and an optical coherence tomography method using same for capturing the cornea and the retina of the eye by using light sources in respectively different wavelength ranges. According to the present invention, included are two light sources, a first interferometer and a second interferometer for generating respectively different interference patterns by the light outputted from each of the light sources, and interference pattern detection means for detecting an interference pattern occurring in each interferometer.

Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging systems for imaging an eye are provided including a source having an associated source arm path and a reference arm having an associated reference arm path coupled to the source path, the reference arm path having an associated reference arm path length. A sample having an associated sample arm path coupled to the source arm and reference arm paths is provided. A reference arm path length adjustment module is coupled to the reference arm. The reference arm path length adjustment module is configured to automatically adjust the reference arm path length such that the reference arm path length is based on an eye length of the subject. Related methods and computer program products are also provided.

Abstract: A visual field visual function mapping apparatus, with respect to the visual field mapping image obtained from the visual field scanning apparatus, including: along each concentric circle trajectory visual field mapping rectangle width average calculation means; and visual field mapping rectangle width average radial direction transition graph generating means.

Abstract: A method of calculating clinical performance of an ophthalmic optical correction using simulation by imaging a series of objects of different sizes by each of a plurality of eye optical systems, each of the eye optical systems including the ophthalmic optical correction, the method comprising A.) at an object distance, calculating a set of indicia of image quality, each indicium of the set of indicia corresponding to an object in the series of objects when it is imaged by a given one of the plurality of eye optical systems, B.) at the object distance, comparing the set of indicia to a threshold to determine a just-discernable object size for the given one of the plurality of eye optical systems, and C.) repeating steps A and B for each eye optical system in the plurality of eye optical systems.

Abstract: Postoperative lens position is predicted on the basis of known measured values, such as the corneal thickness, the depth of the anterior chamber, the eye length, and the distances of the capsular bag equator and/or of the lens haptic from the anterior surface of the lens. In addition, the calculation also takes into account the attitude of the intraocular lens, for which purpose additional parameters of the pseudophakic eye are used that have not previously been taken into consideration.; The proposed method is suitable for a more exact prediction of the strength and nature of an intraocular lens to be implanted in a pseudophakic eye in the context of cataract surgery or of a refractive intervention. The method is based on the use of suitable calculation methods, e.g. geometric optical formulae, or of ray tracing.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a laser light source; a circular substrate which has fluorescent body that emits light by using light from the laser light source as excitation light; a wheel motor which rotates circular substrate; a dichroic prism which transmits the light from fluorescent body while reflecting the light from the laser light source; a diffusion plate which diffuses the light from the laser light source; and a plate spring which interconnects diffusion plate and wheel motor.

Abstract: A light field display apparatus includes a plurality of projectors to emit rays, and a screen to display the rays emitted by the plurality of projectors. Positions of the plurality of projectors may be controlled so that intervals or angles between the rays displayed on the screen are substantially the same.

Abstract: A projector includes a case, a light emitting module, a light projecting module, two dissipation sinks, and a fan. The case includes a right sidewall and a left sidewall opposite to the right sidewall. The right sidewall defines an air inlet, and the left sidewall defines an air outlet opposite to the air inlet. The light emitting module includes a light source emitting light rays. The light projecting module includes a digital micro device (DMD) reflecting the light rays emitted from the light emitting module. The two dissipation sinks are positioned between the air inlet and the left inlet, one of the dissipation sinks is attached on the light source, and another dissipation sink is attached on the DMD. The fan is positioned between the air inlet and the air outlet.

Abstract: A thin film mirror, comprising: a mirror shell (605); a reflective film (601) stretched between forming structures (603) provided on said mirror shell and reflective film being arranged such that they form a chamber which is capable of being placed under at least partial vacuum; the mirror shell having an inner surface which forms an inner wail of said chamber, wherein the mirror shell is a moulded part where its inner surface is a controlled surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exposure apparatus comprising a projection optical system configured to project a pattern of a reticle onto a substrate, a driving unit configured to drive a plurality of optical elements which form the projection optical system so as to adjust an imaging state of light which passes through the projection optical system, a detecting unit configured to detect a driving error when the driving unit drives a first optical element of the plurality of optical elements, and a control unit configured to control the driving unit to drive a second optical element different from the first optical element of the plurality of optical elements so as to reduce a change in the imaging state of the light which passes through the projection optical system due to the driving error.