Abstract: Failures can be detected with high accuracy even the ambient temperature changes or background vibration is applied.

Abstract: An inertial sensor includes an oscillator, a drive unit for oscillating the oscillator, a sensor for sensing the amount of inertia applied to the oscillator, and a failure diagnosis unit disposed between the oscillator and the drive unit. The drive unit includes a reference potential supply unit for supplying a reference potential to the oscillator, and a drive signal supply unit for supplying a drive signal to the oscillator based on a monitor signal received from the oscillator. The failure diagnosis unit includes a diagnosis unit for diagnosing a failure based on the value of a current supplied by the reference potential supply unit to the oscillator. The inertial sensor having this structure can detect a failure in the drive unit or the oscillator.

Abstract: An antenna in a radar sensor is vibrated at a known frequency and velocity in a direction generally normal to the antenna surface. A response received by the antenna is used to scale or calibrate sensor responses at frequencies of interest.

Abstract: A method for sensing analyte. The method includes the steps of sensing one or more parameters in reaction to the presence of one or more analytes and outputting a current therefrom in accordance with level of the sensed parameter by each of a plurality of sensors, each of the plurality of sensors being provided in one or more sensor array columns, selectively heating one or more of the sensor array columns by a heating element, and receiving an output current from one of the plurality of sensors from each of the plurality of sensor arrays by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) arranged in a VCO array. The method further includes the steps of generating an output oscillation frequency by each VCO in accordance with the level of the received output current, and counting a number of oscillations over a predetermined time received from each of the plurality of VCOs in the VCO array by a plurality of counters arranged in a counter array.

Abstract: In an ultrasonic apparatus for measuring the concentration of gas provided with two ultrasonic oscillators for transmitting/receiving an ultrasonic wave, arranged opposite to each other in piping through which a sample gas flows, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic method and apparatus that can accurately measure gas concentration regardless of pressure of the sample gas are provided as an ultrasonic apparatus for measuring the concentration of gas comprising concentration calculating means for calculating sample gas concentration based on a propagation speed correction coefficient by pressure.

Abstract: A photoacoustic detector includes a sensing region for receiving atmospheric samples. One microphone receives acoustic samples from the sensing region. Another microphone receives acoustic samples from a displaced region. Microphone outputs can be subtracted to eliminate common noise and to generate an indicium of gas present in the sensing region.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid cell for an atomic force microscope. The liquid cell includes a liquid cell housing with an internal cavity to contain a fluid, a plurality of conductive feedthroughs traversing the liquid cell housing between the internal cavity and a dry side of the liquid cell, a cantilevered probe coupled to the liquid cell housing, and a piezoelectric drive element disposed on the cantilevered probe. The cantilevered probe is actuated when a drive voltage is applied to the piezoelectric drive element through at least one of the conductive feedthroughs. A method of imaging an object in a liquid medium and a method of sensing a target species with the liquid cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a test pressurizing system for a hose such as fire hose, a device is arranged for bearing of a pressurized hose in a way that it is surrounded by protective wall parts. Further, a mechanism is provided on the inside of the wall parts for marking of holes and/or other damages that can be maneuvered automatically or manually via the operator so that at least some protective wall part protects the operator under pressurization. The marking device may be combined with a device for automatic detection of holes and damages. This can for example admit marking of the hose with high precision, and/or be part of a fully automated solution for detection and marking of holes in the hose.

Abstract: A system for detecting and communicating moisture leaking from a fluid conduit of the type comprising a fitting configured to mate with the fluid conduit, the fitting including an outer surface including an outer edge portion that is enclosed within the fluid conduit when positioning the fluid conduit over at least a portion of the outer surface, wherein the system includes a sensor for detecting moisture, the sensor being positioned proximate to the outer edge portion of the fitting and configured to generate a signal representing a result of moisture detection, and a receiver configured to receive the signal generated by the sensor. The system may include a communication circuit to provide wired or wireless communication between the sensor and the receiver. Other systems and method for detecting and communicating moisture leakage are further disclosed herein.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for subsea pipeline servicing, including line-pack testing, physical integrity testing, recovery of damaged sections of pipelines, and product removal from subsea structures. In one embodiment of the invention, a subsea pipeline service skid is provided including at least one sample collection bladder affixed to the skid and in fluid communication with a skid mounted pump dimensioned to pull a sample from the subsea pipeline. In another embodiment, a product removal bladder is provided for removal of the hydrocarbons from a subsea structure.

Abstract: A method for permanently monitoring pressurized pipelines and line systems, including connected loads, which carry fluid media, includes carrying out pressure measurements in different modes downstream of the transfer point between the supply device and the load connection in order to determine consumption values over predeterminable periods of time and to infer the system state. An electronically controllable shut-off valve is arranged downstream of the transfer point and a pressure sensor is arranged downstream of the valve in the direction of flow. All of the removal locations are closed and pressure is built up in the system. The shut-off valve is closed and an outlet pressure drop, which may be present, is determined over a first period of time and the initial and final pressure values are stored. The valve is opened and the consumption of water with the longest equal flow rate is set and stored as the end of commissioning.

Abstract: A gelled composition for pipeline, flowline, pipeline jumper or flowline jumper dewatering or preventing ingress of seawater into open pipeline systems or components during tie-in operations of jumpers or additional pipe, valving, manifolds, subsea pipeline architecture or flow conduits operations is disclosed, where the composition includes a concentrated metal formate solution and a hydratable polymer. The gelled formate compositions have improved dewatering properties with 100% or 360 pipe coverage. The gelled formate compositions have can also be reused by breaking and reformulation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for using time domain reflectometry to determine the identity of a fluid in a vessel, and to determine whether the quality of a fluid in a vessel is within acceptable parameters. Methods include identifying a fluid by comparing a derived characteristic of a fluid to a reference characteristic, determining the quality of a fluid by determining if a derived characteristic is within an acceptable quality range, monitoring a fluid for a dynamic change in quality or state, and identifying a fluid by comparing a transition reflection waveform to a reference signature transition. The methods are implemented in systems for identifying a fluid layer in a vessel, such as fuel, free liquid water or ice, detecting misfueling or fuel contamination, and detecting fluid state changes, such as the formation of ice.

Abstract: A method for the estimation of oil viscosity in an internal combustion engine, the engine subjected to fuel post injections to activate Particulate Filter regeneration processes and to fuel hydrocarbons (HC) evaporation events affecting said oil viscosity. The method includes, but is not limited to determining if the particulate filter is subjected to a regeneration process and, in the affirmative case, calculating an oil viscosity decrease during said Particulate Filter regeneration process as a function of an oil dilution rate, and calculating an oil viscosity increase after said regeneration process as a function of an Hydrocarbon (HC) evaporation rate and of a time during which fuel Hydrocarbon evaporation takes place, where said evaporation time is determined as a function of a time spent in evaporating fuel Hydrocarbon from engine oil in a previous fuel hydrocarbons evaporation event.

Abstract: Provided is a method for analyzing a dispersion made by dispersing a liquid or solid dispersoid into a liquid dispersion medium. The method includes the steps of: preparing a sample liquid from the dispersion by forming an agglomerate of the dispersoid in the dispersion medium; redispersing the dispersoid that forms the agglomerate in the sample liquid into the dispersion medium of the sample liquid; and measuring the amount of the dispersoid that has been redispersed from the agglomerate in the sample liquid.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for the gravimetric detection of particles in a fluid medium, comprising a flat electromechanical oscillator (1), means for supporting the oscillator, means (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d) for actuating said oscillator and, on either side of the plane of the oscillator (1), two cavities (3, 5) enabling the oscillator (1) to vibrate when it is activated by the actuation means (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d), characterized in that at least one of the two cavities (3, 5) forms an integral part of a channel (2, 4) for the passage of a fluid over at least one of the faces (1a, 1b) of the oscillator and in that said actuation means (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d) take the form of at least one electrode (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d) lying in the same plane as that of the electromechanical oscillator and at a defined distance (g) from the oscillator, so as to ensure that the oscillator vibrates in its plane.

Abstract: A creep indication system and a method for determining a creep amount are disclosed. The system includes a first creep indicating member on a first rotating component and a second creep indicating member on a second rotating component. The second creep indicating member has at least one different creep characteristic from the first creep indicating member. The system further includes at least one measurement device configured to measure a change in radial position of at least one of the first creep indicating member or the second creep indicating member. The method includes measuring a first creep amount of a first creep indicating member and measuring a second creep amount of a second creep indicating member. The method further includes estimating a temperature of a rotating component using the first creep amount and the second creep amount.

Abstract: A fuel injection feedback system comprises a light source disposed inside a fuel injector, an optical sensor disposed inside the fuel injector, and a computing device electronically connected to the optical sensor. The light source is a device configured to emit light capable of being reflected by cavitation. The light source could be disposed on or within the needle or nozzle of the fuel injector, or at a variety of other locations inside the fuel injector. The optical sensor is configured to detect an intensity of light caused by receiving light reflected from cavitation occurring inside the fuel injector.

Abstract: A valve keeper verification tool is provided. The tool may include: an elongated body having two ends; an axial hole in one end of the body dimensioned to fit over a valve stem; and structure surrounding the hole dimensioned to contact at least one keeper of a retainer for an engine valve, wherein the tool is angled near the hole between about 10 and about 25 degrees. A method of checking to ensure a valve retaining keeper is in place may also be provided. The method may include: inserting a valve stem into a hole in a valve keeper verification tool; moving the valve keeper verification tool against a keeper; and applying a force against the keeper.

Abstract: A method of optimizing performance of a wind turbine electric generator (WTG) comprises the steps of measuring the performance of a wind turbine electric generator, defining an area on a blade of the WTG, placing stall flags within said defined area, monitoring the behavior of the stall flags when the WTG is operating, determining a stall line based upon the stall flags during operation, installing vortex generators on the blade adjacent to and upwind of said stall line, monitoring the behavior of said stall flags during operation with vortex generators installed on all blades, and measuring the performance of the WTG to detect improved performance. If there is little or no improvement, repeating the steps on a second WTG using different placement within the defined area for the vortex generators.

Abstract: An object is to provide a peel tester that continuously detects the characteristics of an adhesive tape from the moment an impact is applied to an adherend until the adherend is peeled, and a new method for evaluating the impact peel characteristics of an adhesive tape, which enables quantitative evaluation for the impact peel characteristics by using the test result obtained by the peel tester. Provided is a peel tester 1 with a main body 2, to which an adherend I is to be adhered via an adhesive tape III, for performing a peel test by an impact applied to the adherend I, which includes: a load detection device 6 that detects change in load applied to the adhesive tape I until the adherend I is peeled off from the main body 2; and a displacement detection device 7 that detects change in moving distance of the adherend I until the adherend I is peeled off from the main body 2.

Abstract: Described herein is a rain intensity sensor. The sensor includes a circuit, which includes a resistor and at least two spaced apart electrically conductive strips electrically connected in series to the resistor. The resistor is located between the conductive strips. The conductive strips are sufficiently spaced apart such that when a raindrop contacts with the conductive strips provides a resistive path therebetween and which is electrically parallel with the resistor.

Abstract: Provided is a disdrometer system having a three-dimensional laser array unit, including: a plurality of laser transmitting parts which are arranged on an inner side of a cylindrical body to generate a laser beam; a plurality of laser receiving parts which are arranged on the inner side of the cylindrical body to correspond to the laser transmitting parts; and a laser control part which converts a cut-off signal of the laser beam, which is cut-off by precipitation drops flowing into the inner side of the cylindrical body, into an electrical signal, and records the converted electrical signal. Thus, the disdrometer system has an effect that the shape, volume, number, falling velocity of precipitation drops, and the intensity, density and weight of rainfall can be integrally measured.

Abstract: A flow rate measuring device includes a fluid resistance member through which measurement target fluid flows; an upstream side pressure sensor configured to measure pressure on an upstream side of the fluid resistance member from a change of electrical resistance of a resistive element attached to a pressure sensitive surface onto which the target fluid is introduced, and also to measure a temperature of the pressure sensitive surface from a temperature-dependent change of the electrical resistance of the resistive element; a temperature sensor to measure a temperature of the target fluid flowing through the fluid resistance member; and a flow rate calculation part that calculates a flow rate of the target fluid based on the pressure measured by the upstream side pressure sensor, pressure-flow rate characteristics of the fluid resistance member, the upstream side pressure sensor temperature, and the target fluid temperature in the fluid resistance member.

Abstract: Its object is to allow measurement of the volume of fuel (2) using optic fiber cables (3); it is characterized in that, adhered to one or more of the inner faces of the tank (1) there is at least one sheet (4) in which a plurality of optic fiber cables (3) with different lengths are included, located between the inner face of the tank and the sheet (4). One set of the ends (10) of the optic fiber cables (3) are disposed so that they are in contact with the fuel (2) when it reaches their level, thereby allowing measurement of the fuel level at all times. The preferred embodiment distributes the optic fiber cables (3) on two opposing lateral faces of the tank (1) so that they cross over one another and in opposite directions to measure any fuel level. It is applied in aeronautics.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium. The apparatus includes: at least one probe unit; and at least one electronics unit, which supplies the probe unit with an operating signal and which receives from the probe unit a received signal. The probe unit includes at least one probe electrode and at least one guard electrode; and the probe electrode and the guard electrode are surrounded, at least partially, by at least one insulating unit. The the insulating unit has, in the region of the guard electrode, a smaller thickness than in the region of the probe electrode.

Abstract: A method, useful for wastewater liquid level indication rods in wastewater treatment facilities, of correcting the readings from the rod's electrode based liquid level sensors for inaccuracies and distortions caused by fat, oil, and grease (FOG) contaminant build up. The method may also detect how the electrical signals change as the liquid levels progress ever higher above the level of the measuring electrode of interest. These methods allow for the creation of improved wastewater liquid monitoring systems and management systems that can warn when cleaning is needed, help prevent pump burnout, overflow, and address other common wastewater management problems.

Abstract: The change in a contact over time is stabilized by lowering intense wear of the contact in the initial sliding stage and imparting stabilized wear characteristics from the initial sliding stage. The contacts (33, 34) of a sliding body (30) have flat tops which contact conductive segments (23) and come into surface contact with the top portions of the conductive segments (23) when the contacts slidingly contact onto the conductive segments (23).

Abstract: A measurement system for measuring a parameter of the muscular-skeletal system is disclosed. The measurement system comprises a capacitor, a signal generator, a digital counter, counter register, a digital clock, a digital timer, and a data register. The sensor of the measurement system is the capacitor. The measurement system generates a repeating signal having a measurement cycle that corresponds to the capacitance of the capacitor. The capacitor comprises more than one capacitor mechanically in series. Electrically, the capacitor comprises more than one capacitor in parallel. In one embodiment, the capacitor includes a dielectric layer comprising polyimide. A force, pressure, or load is applied to the capacitor that elastically compresses the device.

Abstract: Apparatus for utilizing food residue includes a base which has a connective member. A food residue-receiving container having a first end and an opposite second end is selectively connectable to the connective member, so that the food residue-receiving container is perpendicular to the base. Food residue is deposited into the food residue-receiving container, and the height of the food residue is measured.

Abstract: The invention relates to a micromechanical sensor having at least two spring-mass damper oscillators. The micromechanical sensor has a first spring-mass-damper oscillating system with a first resonant frequency and a second spring-mass-damper oscillating system with a second resonant frequency which is lower than the first resonant frequency. The invention also relates to a method for detection and/or measurement of oscillations by means of a sensor such as this, and to a method for production of a micromechanical sensor such as this. The first and the second spring-mass-damper oscillating systems have electrodes which oscillate in a measurement direction about electrode rest positions with electrode deflections which are equal to or proportional to deflections of the spring-mass-damper oscillators.

Abstract: A rotational rate sensor includes: a substrate having a main plane of extension; a first Coriolis element; and a second Coriolis element. The first Coriolis element and the second Coriolis element have a first and a second center of gravity, respectively, and the elements are drivable along a drive direction. In the idle state of the rotational rate sensor, (i) the distance between the first center of gravity and the second center of gravity along the detection direction is less than a first value, and (ii) the distance between the first center of gravity and the second center of gravity along the third direction is less than a second value.

Abstract: A micromechanical acceleration sensor is described which includes a substrate and a seismic mass which is movably situated with respect to the substrate in a detection direction. The micromechanical sensor includes at least one damping device for damping motions of the seismic mass perpendicular to the detection direction.

Abstract: A tunneling accelerometer includes a proof mass that moves laterally with respect to a cap wafer. Either the proof mass or the cap wafer includes a plurality of tunneling tips such that the remaining one of proof mass and the cap wafer includes a corresponding plurality of counter electrodes. The tunneling current flowing between the tunneling tips and the counter electrodes will thus vary as the proof mass laterally displaces in response to an applied acceleration.

Abstract: A lubrication dispensing apparatus for lubricating a device with moving parts includes a lubricant reservoir, a lubricant dispenser for dispensing lubricant from the lubricant reservoir, an ultrasonic detection module which detects the amplitude of ultrasonic energy emitted by said device when its parts are moving and produces an signal related thereto, and a control module which analyzes the amplitude of the signal from the ultrasonic detection module and, in response to a lubricate signal, causes the lubricant dispenser to automatically dispense lubricant onto the moving parts of the device until the signal from the ultrasonic detector indicates that the ultrasonic energy produced by the device has decreased to a particular level. The control module includes a programmed processor and a storage memory. The memory stores as a base value the value of the detected amplitude of ultrasonic energy when the device is operating properly.

Abstract: An ultrasound time-of-flight diffraction reference block has a plurality of notches that extend into the block to simulate cracks, wherein the notches have a normal and transverse orientation with respect to a test path formed on the block.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for phased array ultrasound testing of piping that complies with present-day codes but allows more thorough flaw detection capability. A tapered wedge with a concave face is calibrated by submerging the wedge under sonic coupling fluid, thereby allowing sonic coupling of the concave wedge face to a flat reference plate with minimal error. The flaw detector is configured to display A-scan and S-scan data concurrently and to sweep between 30-70 degrees. A-scan data corresponding with conventional preferred inspection incidence angle is selected, and reject levels are set to 0% to meet current inspection standards. S-scan data allows for detection of flaws that might otherwise be undetectable using only A-scan data. A palette adjustment feature remaps the colors assigned to lower intensity return values so that they are not displayed on the S-scan, thereby de-cluttering sectorial data without filtering A-scan data.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable. The apparatus includes a housing, a mechanically oscillatable unit, and a transducer unit, which is arranged and clamped between two housing elements in such a manner that a predeterminable pressure acts on the transducer unit along an imaginary axis. An equalizing element is provided, whose coefficient of thermal expansion and/or height are/is selected in such a manner that a temperature-related expansion of the equalizing element during a temperature-related expansion of a housing element to be compensated leads to the pressure acting on the transducer unit being greater than or equal to a predeterminable prestress limit value.

Abstract: A pressure switch comprises a housing having a cavity for conveying a pressurized fluid. The cavity extends from an inlet to an outlet and defines a flow path for the fluid. A pressure-transducing element is provided for measuring the fluid pressure. The pressure-transducing element is in fluid communication with the cavity and is at least partially disposed in the flow path between the inlet and the outlet. The pressure-transducing element has a cylindrical shape with a constant diameter and is partially disposed in a bore in the housing. The bore has a constant bore diameter. One end of the pressure-transducing element extends into the flow path.

Abstract: A method for the compensating temperature gradient influences on a pressure measuring transducer, comprising the steps of: registering a pressure signal Sp(t); registering a temperature signal T(t); ascertaining a pressure measured value ps(Sp(t), T(t)); determining the time derivative of the temperature signal dT/dt; correcting the pressure measured value with a correction function, which depends on the time derivative, wherein, as a function of the sign of the time derivative, another correction function is selected, or other coefficients in a function of equal type are selected.

Abstract: A sensing cable, including an outer cladding; and at least one sensing bundle contained within the cladding, each sensing bundle having a sensing fiber wrapped strain-transmissively by at least one strand. A method of sensing strain is also included.

Abstract: A flexible substrate has a major surface and a sensor attached to and aligned with the major surface of the substrate. The sensor may have an elastic body containing conductive nanotubes homogeneously distributed therein to form a conductive path and at least two electrodes in electrical connection with the conductive path. Balloons and flexible elements used in medical procedures are particularly useful.

Abstract: Shape of a multi-core optical fiber is determined by positioning the fiber in an arbitrary initial shape and measuring strain over the fiber's length using strain sensors. A three-coordinate p-vector is defined for each core as a function of the distance of the corresponding cores from a center point of the fiber and a bending angle of the cores. The method includes calculating, via a controller, an applied strain value of the fiber using the p-vector and the measured strain for each core, and calculating strain due to bending as a function of the measured and the applied strain values. Additionally, an apparent local curvature vector is defined for each core as a function of the calculated strain due to bending. Curvature and bend direction are calculated using the apparent local curvature vector, and fiber shape is determined via the controller using the calculated curvature and bend direction.

Abstract: A fatigue sensor for monitoring the health state of structural members is disclosed. The sensor has multiple parallel beams, each sensitive to different levels of fatigue, that are designed to fail prematurely but progressively as the sensor goes through the same fatigue cycles as the structural member it is attached to. Whenever fatigue levels on a particular beam of the sensor exceed the engineered number of fatigue cycles, that particular beam fails and sensor electronics can detect that failure and transmit this information wirelessly when interrogated by an external interrogator. Having multiple beams that fail after different numbers of fatigue cycles enables the health state of the structural member to be monitored, in that unlike normal fracture sensor that sense failure of the structural members after the actual fracture event, the present invention is capable of sensing imminent failure of the structural member before the actual failure occurs.

Abstract: A wave ring spring is provided between a top face of a battery case and an inner wall of an equipment case. A plurality of silicone rubber pieces is provided between a bottom face of the battery case and an inner wall of the equipment case. A plurality of elastic tabs is provided between the outer peripheral surfaces that connect between the top face and the bottom face of the battery case and inner walls of the equipment case. The elastic tabs are formed integrally with the outer peripheral surfaces of the battery case.

Abstract: A sensor for determining a mass flow of a fluid in a pipe includes a wall element adapted for insertion into a cutout in a wall of the pipe through which a mass flow can flow, so that at least one gap remains between the wall element and the wall of the pipe, and so that the wall element is positionable on the outside facing away from the mass flow. A sealed chamber is adapted to enclose the wall element on the outside of the pipe. At least one expandable connection is located in the sealed chamber and is clamped in between the wall element and one wall of the chamber. At least one strain gauge comprising a fiber Bragg grating sensor is located on a section of the expandable connection that is clamped in between the wall of the chamber and the wall element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a load and moment sensor for a prosthetic device detecting load in a single direction and moment in a single plane. The load and moment sensor includes a sensing element, and a plurality of strain gauges placed in specific locations of the sensing element. The plurality of strain gauges is part of a plurality of resistor circuits such as Wheatstone bridges. While the strain gauges can be located on a single sensing element, some resistive elements of the Wheatstone bridges can be located elsewhere on the prosthetic device. The combination of the location of the strain gauges and the use of the Wheatstone bridges allows for good side load rejection which is load and moment not in the single direction or the single plane.

Abstract: A bicycle force sensing assembly is basically provided with a first attachment member, a second attachment member, a first translation sensing device and a second translation sensing device. The first attachment member is configured to be mounted to a first side of a bicycle bottom bracket hanger and configured to receive and rotatably support a crank axle. The second attachment member is configured to be mounted to a second side of the bicycle bottom bracket hanger and configured to receive and rotatably support the crank axle. The first translation sensing device is coupled to the first attachment member such that the first translation sensing device senses strain on the first attachment member. The second translation sensing device is coupled to the second attachment member such that the second translation sensor senses strain on the second attachment member.

Abstract: A torque sensor which detects a deflection angle between an input and an output shaft which are aligned with a shaft axis. An annular sine ring, annular cosine ring, and annular flux return ring, each constructed of a ferromagnetic material, are coaxially disposed around the shaft axis. A sine spoke has one end attached to the output shaft and its other end closely adjacent the sine ring and, similarly, a cosine spoke is secured to the output shaft at one end and is positioned closely adjacent the cosine ring at its other end. A pair of flux return spokes are also secured to the output shaft, each diametrically opposed from the sine or cosine spoke, and have their outer ends closely adjacent the return ring. A magnetic flux bridge is formed between the return flux ring and the sine ring as well as the cosine ring while magnetic sensors determine the magnitude of the flux across each bridge.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a torque sensor configured to axially magnetize a magnet and simplify a stator structure facing the magnet, whereby dimensions and shapes of members capable of collecting magnetism can be easily controlled to provide a torque sensor excellent in operational reliability, the torque sensor including a ring-shaped and axially-magnetized magnet connected to one of an input shaft of a steering wheel and an output shaft; and a stator including a ring-shaped body axially discrete from the magnet and a plurality of holes vertically penetrating the body, whereby structure of the torque sensor is simplified to enhance a concentrated efficiency of magnetic change.