Abstract: In a method for operating an air-compressing fuel-injection internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas post-treatment system with a particle filter and a nitrogen oxide reduction catalytic converter, a plurality of internal combustion engine operating settings are provided, each having respective predefined values for predefined internal combustion engine operating parameters. A heating operating setting is set when the internal combustion engine is warming up, while a basic operating setting is set in the warmed-up state. When the temperature in the exhaust gas system exceeds a predefinable first value, the heating operating setting is changed over to the basic operating setting. In the warmed-up state, at least one further (third) operating setting, with an exhaust gas recirculation rate that is reduced compared to the basic operating setting, is provided in addition to the basic operating setting.

Abstract: In one example, a method of operating an engine in a vehicle is described. The method comprises delivering a first substance to a cylinder of the engine from a first injector; delivering a second substance to the cylinder of the engine from a second injector, where the second substance has a greater heat of vaporization than the first substance; and increasing injection of the second substance responsive to an exhaust over-temperature condition.

Abstract: Some implementations of a system for controlling an internal combustion engine (e.g., a natural gas fired internal combustion engine or another type of engine) can include an air-fuel ratio controller that is configured to monitor sensor feedback from an exhaust path and to thereafter automatically adjust the air-fuel mixture. The system can be employed in particular methods to control emissions from the engine, for example, by reducing pollutants emitted as components of the exhaust from the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine comprises an exhaust gas conduit in fluid communication with the internal combustion engine to conduct the exhaust gas between a plurality of exhaust treatment devices. A hydrocarbon injector in fluid communication with the exhaust gas delivers hydrocarbon thereto. A selective catalyst reduction device is disposed downstream of the hydrocarbon injector and is configured to receive and mix the hydrocarbon and exhaust gas and to reduce components of NOx therein. An oxidation catalyst device is disposed in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit downstream of the selective catalyst reduction device and is configured to oxidize exhaust gas and hydrocarbon mixture to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas. A particulate filter assembly is located downstream of the oxidation catalyst device for receipt of the heated exhaust gas, and combustion of carbon and particulates collected in the exhaust gas filter.

Abstract: Inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and an exhaust purification catalyst (13) are arranged. At the time of engine operation, a first NOx purification method which maintains the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) lean while injecting hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15) at predetermined feed intervals to thereby remove the NOx which is contained in exhaust gas and a second NOx purification method which switches the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing to the exhaust purification catalyst (13) from lean to rich by intervals longer than the above predetermined feed intervals to thereby remove the NOx are selectively used in accordance with the sulfur poisoning of the exhaust purification catalyst (13).

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle is provided, wherein at least one SCR catalytic converter for the after-treatment of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine is present. The method serves to assure that a sufficient quantity of reducing agent is supplied for the operation of the SCR catalytic converter. The motor vehicle has a fuel tank (10) with a fill level sensor A (11) and a reducing agent tank (12) with a fill level sensor B (13). Signals from the fill level sensor B (13) or signals from the fill level sensor A (11) and the fill level sensor B (13) are acquired and evaluated by a navigation unit (16).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for operating an electromagnetically controllable metering valve, which is disposed in an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine. For a metering of reducing agent in the exhaust gas system, the metering valve is actuated by a control and/or regulating device via an electromechanical drive unit with a first current profile, which includes a holding current phase having a first holding current level when said metering valve is open. Said metering valve and the drive unit are part of a metering module. When the internal combustion engine is switched off, said metering valve is actuated via said drive unit with a second current profile, which has a second holding current level that is increased with respect to the first holding current level. An independent claim relates to a control device set up to carry out the method.

Abstract: A system for purifying an exhaust gas may include a lean NOx trap (LNT) catalyst adapted to absorb nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas at a lean atmosphere, release the absorbed nitrogen oxides at a rich atmosphere, and reduce or slip the released nitrogen oxides according to a temperature thereof; a particulate filter adapted to trap particulate matters contained in the exhaust gas and regenerate the trapped particulate matters by using the nitrogen oxides slipped from the LNT catalyst; and a controller adapted to selectively create the rich atmosphere when the temperature of the LNT catalyst is higher than or equal to a first predetermined temperature or a temperature of the particulate filter is higher than or equal to a second predetermined temperature. A method for controlling the system is also disclosed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment device for a diesel engine capable of starting the generation of a combustible gas is provided. The device includes a combustible gas generator. A core member is fitted in the center portion of an annular wall to form an air-fuel mixing chamber between the inner peripheral surface of the annular wall and the outer peripheral surface of the core member. An air-fuel mixture gas in the air-fuel mixing chamber is adapted to be supplied from the end of the air-fuel mixing chamber to a combustible gas generating catalyst to a portion near the center thereof. A heater is used as the core member. The heat dissipating outer peripheral surface of the heater is exposed to the air-fuel mixing chamber. Heat is dissipated directly from the heat dissipating outer peripheral surface of the heater to the air-fuel mixing chamber when starting the generation of the combustible gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning device (2) of an exhaust system (1) of a combustion engine, more preferably of a motor vehicle, with a catalytic converter unit (3) having a catalytic converter support pipe (7) and at least one oxidation catalytic converter element (8) mounted in the catalytic converter support pipe (7), and with a particle filter unit (4) having a particle filter support pipe (11) and at least one particle filter element (12) mounted in the particle filter support pipe (11). A simple handling with simple construction can be achieved with a receiving pipe (5) in which one of the support pipes (7, 11) is axially inserted, and with a clamp connection (6) which sets the receiving pipe (5), the catalytic converter support pipe (7) and the particle filter support pipe (11) against one another.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a coolant circuit that circulates a flow of an engine coolant therethrough. The coolant circuit includes an Exhaust Gas Heat Recover (EGHR) system for transferring heat from a flow of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine to the flow of the engine coolant. A control valve is disposed downstream of the EGHR system, and directs the flow of the engine coolant along either a first fluid flow path back to the internal combustion engine to heat the internal combustion engine, or a second fluid flow path including a transmission fluid warming system to heat a supply of transmission fluid to reduce transmission spin loss.

Abstract: A method for adapting a lean NOx trap (LNT) in an exhaust system of a motor vehicle is provided. The method comprises if a difference between an estimated NOx concentration and a measured NOx concentration in exhaust downstream of the LNT is greater than a threshold, calculating an adaptation value, the estimated NOx concentration downstream of the LNT based on a kinetic model, and adapting the kinetic model, adjusting one or more operating parameters of the LNT, and indicating an aging state of the LNT based on the adaptation value. In this way, the model may be updated in real time to produce a robust prediction of LNT function.

Abstract: An exhaust system that processes exhaust generated by an engine is provided. The system generally includes a particulate filter (PF) that filters particulates from the exhaust wherein an upstream end of the PF receives exhaust from the engine and wherein an upstream surface of the particulate filter includes machined grooves. A grid of electrically resistive material is inserted into the machined grooves of the exterior upstream surface of the PF and selectively heats exhaust passing through the grid to initiate combustion of particulates within the PF.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to suppress a short circuit between a heat generation element and a case in an electrically heated catalyst. An electrically heated catalyst (1) according to the present invention is provided with a heat generation element (3), a case (4), an insulating support member (5) arranged between said heat generation element (3) and said case (4), an inner pipe (6) inserted into said insulating support member (5) with its ends protruding into an exhaust gas from end faces of said insulating support member (5), and a catalyst (10) having an oxidation function that covers at least outer peripheral surfaces of protrusion portions (6a, 6b) of said inner pipe (6) protruding into the exhaust gas from the end faces of said insulating support member (5), except for predetermined ranges which are in contact with the end faces of said insulating support member (5).

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst temperature control device to control a temperature of a catalyst which influences emission performance of an internal combustion engine. A plurality of temperature measurement points are disposed continuously or dispersedly at least in a flow path direction inside the catalyst. The temperature measurement points can include actual measurement points where temperature sensors are disposed, and virtual measurement points where temperature sensors are not disposed. A control point is selected from the plurality of temperature measurement points in accordance with operation conditions of the internal combustion engine, and a target value of the temperature of the catalyst is set.

Abstract: A method of heating an engine exhaust gas of an engine, including flowing a first exhaust gas at a first temperature within and along internal flow channels of a catalyst brick, and flowing a second exhaust gas at a second, different, temperature around an exterior of the catalyst brick. Heat may be transferred between the gases and the catalyst brick to achieve various operations.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods and apparatus for use in exhaust manifold assemblies of large diesel engines, such as ships, locomotives and the like. In one aspect, a screen for use in an exhaust manifold assembly is provided. The screen includes a plate formed in a concave shape. The plate has a plurality of apertures and a plurality of radially oriented closed slots formed therein. The screen further includes a band on an outer perimeter of the plate. In another aspect, a reducer assembly for use in an exhaust manifold assembly is provided. In yet a further aspect, a method of using a screen in an exhaust manifold assembly is provided.

Abstract: An exhaust flow divider is interposed between a head and an exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine. The exhaust flow divider may be configured to maintain separation between two exhaust streams flowing from a cylinder of the engine through the head until, e.g., the exhaust exits the head and flows into the exhaust manifold.

Abstract: An exhaust gas apparatus of an internal combustion engine is capable of suppressing the sound pressure level from being increased by the air column resonance in the tail pipe. The exhaust gas apparatus being provided with an exhaust gas pipe at the downstream side of an internal combustion engine in the exhaust gas direction of an exhaust gas flow, the exhaust gas pipe having an upstream opening end at one end portion thereof and connected with a sound deadening device at the upstream side in the exhaust gas direction of the exhaust gas flow, and a downstream opening end at the other end portion thereof for exhausting the exhaust gas flow to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for an engine system which includes a throttle turbine generator having a turbine which drives an auxiliary generator and disposed in a throttle bypass are described. In some examples, a throttle bypass valve is controlled to adjust airflow through the throttle bypass responsive to airflow to cylinders of the engine. In other examples, an operating parameter such as throttle position is controlled based on transient operating conditions of the engine. In still other examples, charging of a battery is coordinated between the auxiliary generator and a primary generator.

Abstract: This invention captures hydrokinetic energy to do work such as produce electricity. The hydrokinetic flow exerts a torque on a turbine wheel. The wheel causes a set of tanks to rotate around a horizontal centerline. Working fluid drains from tanks near the top of the wheel to drive a conventional turbine before draining into lower tanks. Although a mechanical power transmission driven by the turbine wheel is simpler in concept, scale up to large slowly rotating wheels encounters increasingly difficult design problems: transmission of 1 kW at 1 rpm requires 6,959 ft-lb. In contrast, the conventional turbine of the fluid drive system provides mechanical power for use at a much higher speed than the turbine wheel. Therefore, very large engines can be built without a step-up transmission or components that must withstand extremely large torque loads. One unit can produce reliable 24/7 utility-scale base-load electrical power.

Abstract: Energy is stored by injecting fluid into a hydraulic fracture in the earth and producing the fluid hack while recovering power. The method is particularly adapted to storage of large amounts of energy such as in grid-scale electric energy systems. The hydraulic fracture may be formed and treated with resin so as to limit fluid loss and to increase propagation pressure.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for a machine is disclosed. The hydraulic system has a source of pressurized fluid, a fluid actuator, and a tank. The hydraulic system utilizes a directional control valve to direct flow between the source, the actuator, and the tank. The hydraulic further utilizes a variable backpressure control valve to control the system backpressure.

Abstract: A reaction mass and a spring are configured to form an “oscillator”. The reaction mass is coupled to, and can wrap around, a first pulley via a first belt/cable. The spring is coupled to, and can wrap around, a second pulley via a second belt/cable. The first and second pulleys are mechanically linked together and are mounted so they rotate in tandem. The diameter of the second pulley is different than the diameter of the first pulley to cause the reaction mass to travel a different distance than the spring in response to the up down motion of the reaction mass. The first and second pulleys may be circular with the second pulley being made smaller than first. Alternatively, the first pulley may be circular and the second pulley a cam of varying radius.

Abstract: In various embodiments, compressed-gas energy storage and recovery systems include a cylinder assembly for compression and/or expansion of gas, a reservoir for storage and/or supply of compressed gas, and a system for thermally conditioning gas within the reservoir.

Abstract: A Stirling cycle machine. The machine includes at least one rocking drive mechanism which includes: a rocking beam having a rocker pivot, at least one cylinder and at least one piston. The piston is housed within a respective cylinder and is capable of substantially linearly reciprocating within the respective cylinder. Also, the drive mechanism includes at least one coupling assembly having a proximal end and a distal end. The linear motion of the piston is converted to rotary motion of the rocking beam. Also, a crankcase housing the rocking beam and housing a first portion of the coupling assembly is included. The machine also includes a working space housing the at least one cylinder, the at least one piston and a second portion of the coupling assembly. An airlock is included between the workspace and the crankcase and a seal is included for sealing the workspace from the airlock and crankcase.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake booster system. The hydraulic brake booster system includes a primary piston axially moveable within a bore of a cylinder, a booster chamber located rearwardly of the primary piston within the bore, an input rod extending within the booster chamber, a booster vent path in selective fluid communication with the booster chamber, and a seal member located between the forward face and the primary piston, the seal member in a fixed relationship with the input rod and configured to (i) seal the booster vent path from the booster chamber when the input rod is in a first position, and (ii) not seal the booster vent path from the booster chamber when the input rod is moved rearwardly within the booster chamber to a second position.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a variable-nozzle assembly that includes an insert having a tubular portion received into a stepped bore of a turbine housing and having a nozzle portion extending radially out from one end of the tubular portion, and a generally annular nozzle ring axially spaced from the nozzle portion and an array of vanes rotatably mounted to the nozzle ring. Sealing of the interface between the tubular portion of the insert and the turbine housing is provided by a sealing ring formed as a generally annular body having a U- or V-shaped cross-section oriented such that an open side of the U- or V-shaped cross-section faces in a radial direction. The U- or V-shaped cross-section defines two opposing legs, one of the legs being engaged against an end face of the tubular portion of the insert and the other leg being engaged against an upstream-facing step surface of the turbine housing bore.

Abstract: A method includes detecting a presence of a fouling layer in an exhaust gas recirculation cooler of an internal combustion engine. The flow of a coolant through the exhaust gas recirculation cooler is stopped for a predetermined period of time while the engine exhaust gas flows through the exhaust gas recirculation cooler. The flow of an engine exhaust gas exiting from the exhaust gas recirculation cooler is diverted to at least one of a turbine of a turbocharger, and an exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine. The fouling layer from the exhaust gas recirculation cooler is expelled along with the engine exhaust gas exiting the exhaust gas recirculation cooler.

Abstract: A four-cylinder engine has a valve overlap period during which an exhaust valve and an intake valve of each cylinder are both opened. Cylinder pipes for cylinders having adjacent ignition timings of the engine are connected to a turbo charger, and cylinder pipes for cylinders having adjacent ignition timings are connected to another turbo charger. Accordingly, a properly great supercharging pressure can be obtained in a low engine-speed area.

Abstract: In a vehicle, which is provided with: a primary turbo and a secondary turbo, each of which is of an exhaust driven type; an exhaust changeover valve and an intake changeover valve, which are placed in a secondary exhaust passage and a secondary intake passage corresponding to the secondary turbo, respectively; and an intake bypass valve placed in an intake bypass passage, an ECU sets the opening/closing state of each changeover valve to an opening/closing state corresponding to a twin turbo mode at the time of engine stop, and it uses the drive control of each changeover valve which is necessitated in the transition to a single turbo mode at the engine start, thereby performing the sticking detection of the changeover valve at the same time.

Abstract: A solar-thermal receiver with a superheater isolation valve is disclosed. The superheater isolation valve is positioned so as to impede the transfer of steam from a steam drum or vertical separator into a superheater. The decays in temperature and pressure, within components of a solar-thermal receiver system that may occur throughout the shutdown period of a solar-thermal receiver, may be reduced or minimized.

Abstract: A optimized organic thermodynamic cycle system and method include temperature sensors measuring an initial temperature of a coolant medium and a final temperature of a heat source stream to computer control valves to continuously adjust a pressure and a flow rate of a working fluid stream to be vaporized so that a heat utilization of the system is about 99% increasing output by approximately 3% to 6% on a sustained and permanent yearly basis.

Abstract: A combustor includes a fueling nozzle that jets a fuel towards a combustion chamber located downstream and a flat-plate-shaped air blowhole plate that faces the upstream side of the combustion chamber and that is disposed between the fueling nozzle and the combustion chamber. The air blowhole plate has a plurality of air blowholes arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction relative to the center of the air blowhole plate, in order to jet a flow of fuel and a flow of air that is formed at the outer circumferential side of the fuel flow toward the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustor system includes a pylon fuel injection system coupled to a combustion chamber and configured to inject fuel to the combustion chamber. The pylon fuel injection system includes a plurality of radial elements, each radial element having a plurality of first Coanda type fuel injection slots. A plurality of transverse elements are provided to each radial element. Each transverse element includes a plurality of second Coanda type fuel injection slots.

Abstract: There is provided an integrated fuel nozzle and ignition assembly for a gas turbine engine comprising a body having a fuel nozzle portion and an igniter portion. The fuel nozzle portion defines a fuel passage extending therethrough between a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet for directing a fuel flow into a combustion chamber. The igniter portion projects laterally from the fuel nozzle portion on a side thereof and comprises an igniter receiving cavity positioned adjacently and laterally on a side of the fuel passage. The assembly further comprises an igniter secured in the igniter receiving cavity for igniting the fuel flow discharged by the fuel passage.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine component includes a cooling hole. The cooling hole includes an inlet, an outlet, a metering section and a diffusing section. The diffusing section extends from the metering section to the outlet and includes a first lobe diverging longitudinally and laterally from the metering section, a second lobe adjacent the first lobe and diverging longitudinally and laterally from the metering section, and a transition region having a portion that extends between the first and second lobes and an end adjacent the outlet.

Abstract: A method is provided for use with an annular gas turbine engine component that includes a main body and an annular seal engaged to the main body with an interference fit. The method includes rotating the annular gas turbine engine component, directing thermal energy from a heat source at the annular seal to thermally expand the annular seal relative to the main body while the annular gas turbine engine component rotates, removing the heated annular seal from the main body, providing a newly manufactured replacement detail having substantially the same configuration as the main body, and engaging the removed annular seal to the replacement detail with an interference fit.

Abstract: One embodiment according to the present invention is a unique system for harnessing thermal energy of a gas turbine engine. Other embodiments include unique apparatuses, systems, devices, and methods relating to gas turbine engines. Further embodiments, forms, objects, features, advantages, aspects, and benefits of the present invention shall become apparent from the following description and drawings.

Abstract: A rotary injector (95, 222) comprising one or more radially-extending arms (93) provides for injecting fuel (12, 12.1, 12.4) into a combustion chamber (16). The combustion chamber (16) receives air (14) from locations upstream and down-stream of the rotary injector (95, 222), and the arms (93) of the rotary injector (95, 222) are adapted so that a pressure (P2) in the combustion chamber (16) upstream of the rotary injector (95, 222) is less than a pressure (P0) in a plenum (212) supplying air (14) to the combustion chamber (16) upstream of the rotary injector (95, 222).

Abstract: A turbomachine combustion chamber in which a chamber end wall presents an opening for receiving a pre-vaporization bowl, and including a device for injecting air and fuel mounted on the axis thereof, the bowl being floatingly mounted relative to the chamber end wall to move in a predetermined radial direction and flaring downstream so as to form a collar, a deflector forming a thermal shield being made integrally with the bowl beside the chamber end wall so that the floating movement of the bowl-and-deflector assembly takes place in a sliding plane situated between the deflector and the chamber end wall.

Abstract: A heat exchanger bed is formed from a cascade of at least three different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures, which are arranged in succession by ascending or descending Curie temperature and are preferably isolated from one another by intermediate thermal and/or electrical insulators, the difference in the Curie temperatures of adjacent magnetocaloric materials being 0.5 to 6° C.

Abstract: A hybrid thermoelectric-ejector active cooling system having an increased Coefficient of Performance (COP) when compared to typical thermoelectric cooling modules. A thermoelectric cooling module is integrated with an ejector cooling device so that heat from the thermoelectric cooling module is rejected to a high temperature evaporator of the ejector cooling device. This provides for a total COP greater than the sum of the COPs of the thermoelectric cooling module and ejector cooling device individually. For example, given 1 unit input power into the thermoelectric cooling module, the heat received by the cold side of the thermoelectric cooling module would be COPTEC×1; and the energy rejected by the hot side of the thermoelectric cooling module and to drive the ejector cooling device would be COPTEC+1. Thus, the cooling received by the low temperature evaporator of the ejector cooling device is COPEJ×(COPTEC+1); and therefore total COPTE-Ej-AC is COPEj+COPTEC+COPEj×COPTEC.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a housing disposed in a first atmosphere and having an upstream end, a downstream end and a chamber within the housing; a metallic block disposed in the chamber and having a passageway therethrough and through which a cryogen can flow; and a heat pipe assembly in contact with the metallic block and extending to a second atmosphere which is separate from the first atmosphere for providing heat transfer at the second atmosphere.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses that facilitate dissolving a hyperpolarized agent within a polarizer and transporting it to a receiver is provided. The methods include delivering water to a hyperpolarized agent contained within a polarizer, forming a hyperpolarized aqueous solution, transporting the aqueous solution through a fluid path system out of the polarizer, filtering the aqueous solution through a partical size exclusion filter to a receiver, and modifying the pH of the filtered hyperpolarized aquous solution with a dissolution medium contained in the receiver. Also disclosed herein are apparatuses for dissolving a hyperpolarized agent comprising a vial for containing a hyperpolarized imaging agent therein, a dissolution fluid path, a delivery fluid path, a particle size exclusion filter, and a receiver connected to the particle size exclusion filter and positioned to receive the filtered aqueous solution of the hyperpolarized imaging agent.

Abstract: Provided are methods, devices and systems for controlled removal of thermal energy from a fluid within a thermally conducting metal conduit. The system allows for the in situ formation of a reversible plug that can stop the flow of fluid through the conduit, particularly without inducing thermally induced stress fractures or breaches in the conduit. The devices and systems include a thermal transfer device that can be adapted to be in thermal communication with a thermal conducting metal conduit containing a fluid, particularly a flowing fluid. The devices and systems allows for controlled re-heating of the conduit without inducing thermally induced stress fractures or breaches in the conduit to restore fluid flow through the conduit.

Abstract: A system and method for hypobaric (low pressure or “LP”) storage of plant matter is disclosed. The method is characterized by controlling the correlated conditions of total pressure, oxygen partial pressure, air intake rate, and pumping speed and additionally controlling the pressure with a vacuum regulator operating at a higher temperature than the storage space; storing plant matter in storage boxes which are unable to adsorb water and release the heat of water condensation; shielding the storage boxes from radiation emitted by the storage space's wall; shielding plant matter in the storage boxes from radiation emitted by the box's inner surface; and decreasing the total storage space pressure and steady-state oxygen partial pressure to a minimum value which does not cause low oxygen injury and is optimally effective in extending storage life, reducing metabolic heat and biochemical energy production, and preventing microbial decay in the plant matter.

Abstract: In a storage type air conditioning system having plural storage type air conditioners, each air conditioner includes a storage battery in which external power from an external power source can be stored, an air conditioning unit that is supplied with stored power from the storage battery and perform an air conditioning operation, a residual amount detector for detecting a storage residual amount of the storage battery, and a stored power transmission/reception switching unit for switching transmission/reception of the stored power stored in the storage battery to/from the other storage type air conditioners. Information concerning the storage residual amounts of the storage batteries of the air conditioners are communicated with one another, and the stored power of the storage battery of some air conditioner having surplus stored power is supplied to another air conditioner having short stored power.

Abstract: A data center cooling system includes a floor structure defining a below-floor warm-air plenum and an above-floor cool air plenum, a plurality of above-floor computer assemblies arranged to exhaust warmed air into the warm-air plenum, and one or more fan-coil arrangements to draw air from the warm-air plenum, cool the air, and provide the air to the cool air plenum. The volume of the above-floor cool air plenum and the below-floor warm air plenum may both be substantial so as to minimize changes in temperature from the failure of components in the system.

Abstract: Provided is an air conditioner. The air conditioner includes an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, a plurality of refrigerant tubes guiding refrigerant to flow into the outdoor unit and the indoor unit, and a refrigerant tube support inside the outdoor unit, the refrigerant tube supporting the plurality of refrigerant tubes, wherein the refrigerant tube support has a height difference such that the plurality of refrigerant tubes are separately supported at different positions.