Abstract: A general purpose hybrid includes a first input port in communication with a first dual vector generator, a second input port in communication with a second dual vector generator, a first active combiner receives a first signal from the first dual vector generator and a third signal from the second dual vector generator, where the first and second dual vector generators independently apply phase shifting and amplitude control to the first and third signals; a second active combiner receives a second signal from the first dual vector generator and a fourth signal from the second dual vector generator, where the first and second dual vector generators independently apply phase shifting and amplitude control to the second and fourth signals; a first output port provides a first composite signal from the first active combiner; and a second output port provides a second composite signal from the second active combiner.

Abstract: A method for selecting a multi-antenna transmission mode of an electronic device is provided. The method includes determining, by using a detection signal from a sensor, whether there is a contact with a human body, changing a second transmission mode to a first transmission mode when there is a contact with a human body that affects the electromagnetic field around an antenna, and transmitting the same data stream through at least two antennas according to the first transmission mode.

Abstract: A transmission system includes a data sending device that sends data at a first speed and a data receiving device that receives, by using a plurality of clocks having different phases, data that has been sent by the sending device at the first speed. The data sending device sends, to the data receiving device, some of the data, which is sent at the first speed, at a second speed that is lower than the first speed. Furthermore, in accordance with determination as to whether the content of the received data sent at the second speed matches a corresponding portion of the data received by using a plurality of clocks, the data receiving device changes the timing at which the data that has been sent at the first speed is received.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented for obtaining clock data from Manchester coded serial data streams, in which received data is sampled at a sample rate higher than the serial data baud rate, multi-bit groups of transition bits are generated which individually indicate data transition locations in a corresponding multi-bit sampled data bit group, and clock data is derived using the multi-bit groups of transition bits without requiring receipt of synchronization data or receipt of a separate clock.

Abstract: A signal receiving apparatus, applicable in a wireless system calibrating direct current offset, includes: an adjusting circuit arranged to receive an receiving signal having a first DC (Direct Current) signal, and adjust the first DC signal to generate the receiving signal having a second DC signal according to an adjusting signal; a first arithmetic circuit arranged to generate an error signal according to the second DC signal and a target DC signal; and a second arithmetic circuit arranged to calculate an error signal slope according to the error signal, and update the adjusting signal according to the error signal slope and the error signal.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus is provided that includes a first circuit configured and arranged to provide a modulated carrier signal in response to a signal provided from the antenna. The modulated carrier signal conveys data using peaks or amplitudes of the carrier signal. A second circuit is configured to rectify the modulated carrier signal and integrate the rectified signal in response to a first clock signal. A third circuit is coupled to an output of the second circuit and is configured to sample the integrated signal values and provide therefrom a sample-based approximation of the modulated carrier signal.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the method may comprise generating at least one control signal that may be utilized to control at least a first of a plurality of received spatially multiplexed communication signals. An amplitude and/or phase of the first received spatially multiplexed communication signal may be adjusted via the generated control signal so that the amplitude and/or phase of the first received spatially multiplexed communication signal may be equivalent to an amplitude and/or phase of a second received spatially multiplexed communication signal. The amplitude of the first received spatially multiplexed communication signal is adjusted within the processing path used to process the first received spatially multiplexed communication signal.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relates to a demodulator for frequency-shift keyed signals by using the Goertzel algorithm according to the general recursive calculating rule, where c re = 2 * cos ? ( 2 * ? * f g f s ) with the sampling frequency fs and the specified frequency fg. To reduce the mathematical complexity in feed-power-limited devices, it is proposed that the sampling frequency fs is an integral multiple of the frequency fg of a specified discrete spectral component.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for processing a baseband signal in a Direct Current (DC)-suppressed system, a system for processing a baseband signal in a DC-suppressed system, and a smart card are described. In one embodiment, a method for processing a baseband signal in a DC-suppressed system involves processing the baseband signal in the analog domain with a first high pass filter (HPF), converting the processed baseband signal to a digital signal, and processing the digital signal in the digital domain with a second HPF to provide a discrete-time differentiation of the baseband signal. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A receiver derives the desired data sampling clock phase by averaging the phase information of transitions before and after a data eye. The average of the phase information reduces data clock phase error due to variations in the phases of transitions in received data signals depending on the polarity and positions of the transitions.

Abstract: To provide a receiving device, a receiving method, and a receiving program, which are capable of reducing performance degradation in a case where the spatial correlation of a channel becomes high. A transmission signal candidate search unit searches for a transmission signal in a direction in which reception performance is degraded, in MIMO signal detection. A transmission signal candidate generation unit generates transmission signal candidates while suppressing degradation due to the spatial correlation of a channel. In a decision unit, using the transmission signal candidates generated in the transmission signal candidate generation unit, a maximum likelihood sequence is obtained. The maximum likelihood sequence is obtained as transmission signal candidates where a metric is calculated and the metric becomes a minimum.

Abstract: A reception device including: an antenna configured to receive a radio signal including a radio frame that includes a plurality of symbols, and a processor configured to perform a first processing for estimating a first interference noise power for one or more first specified symbols of the plurality of symbols, each of the one or more first specified symbols including each of one or more reference signals respectively, and to perform a second processing for estimating a second interference noise power for one or more second specified symbols of the plurality of symbols, each of the one or more second specified symbols including no reference signal, the second interference noise power differing from the first interference noise power.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit includes: a delay line configured to output, to a plurality of taps, signals with different delay times obtained by delaying an input signal, respectively; and a plurality of synchronization circuits configured to sample the signals from the plurality of taps in a phase in synchronization with a clock signal, wherein each of the plurality of synchronization circuits samples a sample signal from one of the plurality of taps in different phases and outputs a plurality of output signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for aligning non-synchronous input data streams received in the apparatus, the apparatus comprising an analogue to digital converter arrangement for digitising the data streams into a plurality of sequences of samples; and a synchronisation processing arrangement for generating alignment pulses for each sequence of the plurality of sequences of samples, for arranging each sequence of samples with respect to the alignment pulses for the sequence and for synchronisation the delivery of said plurality of sequences of samples to a common processor with respect to the respective alignment pulses. The synchronisation processing arrangement may comprise a processing chain for each antenna feed of said plurality of antenna feeds and each processing chain may comprise an alignment pulse generator for generating an alignment pulse for the sequence of samples corresponding to the processing chain. The input data streams may be received by a plurality of antenna feeds.

Abstract: A method and system provides for execution of calibration cycles from time to time during normal operation of the communication channel. A calibration cycle includes de-coupling the normal data source from the transmitter and supplying a calibration pattern in its place. The calibration pattern is received from the communication link using the receiver on the second component. A calibrated value of a parameter of the communication channel is determined in response to the received calibration pattern. The steps involved in calibration cycles can be reordered to account for utilization patterns of the communication channel. For bidirectional links, calibration cycles are executed which include the step of storing received calibration patterns on the second component, and retransmitting such calibration patterns back to the first component for use in adjusting parameters of the channel at first component.

Abstract: Methods for acceleration of nuclear transmutation of tritium and radioactive isotopes of metals, and decontamination of metals contaminated with radioactive isotopes by destroying radioactive isotopes to a required level of residual radioactive inventory in metals with simultaneous release of thermal energy via stimulating accelerated transmutation with the half-life parameters describing kinetics of radioactive isotope destruction much shorter than their generally accepted half-life. The stimulus is applied to radioactive metals by placing them into a chamber, exposing them to gaseous substances of the group of hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, or a mixture of these isotopes in a molecular hydrogen form for said gaseous substances to be absorbed by the metals, heating the metals to a temperature of at least 200° C. and maintaining at the said temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing molybdenum-99 comprising: i) providing an electron accelerator; ii) providing a molybdenum converter/target unit (Mo-CTU) comprising one or more metallic components, wherein each one of said metallic components is made of a material selected from the group consisting of natural molybdenum, molybdenum-100, molybdenum-98, and mixtures thereof; iii) directing an electron beam generated via said electron accelerator onto said Mo-CTU to produce a braking radiation (bremsstrahlung); iv) employing said bremsstrahlung onto said Mo-CTU to produce molybdenum-99 and neutrons via a photo-neutron reaction; v) slowing down the neutrons produced in step iv) with a low atomic liquid, e.g. distilled water; and optionally vi) employing the neutrons produced in step iv) to produce a complementary amount of molybdenum-99 via a neutron capture reaction on said Mo-CTU. The invention further provides an apparatus for producing molybdenum-99.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel rod testing apparatus for a nuclear fuel assembly. The fuel rod testing apparatus includes a helium leakage testing chamber having a gate so that a fuel rod is horizontally loaded/unloaded and testing whether or not helium leaks from the fuel rod, a fuel rod upward/downward transfer unit that has first and second transfer sections located in front of the gate and horizontally installed apart from each other in order to guide the fuel rod loaded into or unloaded from the helium leakage testing chamber, and that vertically drives the first and second transfer sections, and a main frame that has a upper transfer section disposed in parallel in a lengthwise direction of the fuel rod upward/downward transfer unit and having an inclined face and a lower transfer section installed at a lower portion of the upper transfer section and having an inclined face.

Abstract: Provided are a neutron detector for detecting a neutron flux distribution of the inside of a reactor, a drive cable connected to the neutron detector, a drive unit for driving the drive cable, a plurality of guide thimbles provided being inserted from the outside of the reactor into the reactor, for inserting the neutron detector, a storage tube for storing the neutron detector, a path transfer device connected to the drive unit, for selecting one of insertion of the neutron detector into each of the guide thimbles and insertion of the neutron detector into the storage tube, and an inspection guide tube connecting the drive unit and the storage tube. The drive unit has a switching unit for switching between the path transfer device side and the inspection guide tube side.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel rod auto-loading apparatus for a nuclear fuel assembly, which disposes fuel rods in a fuel rod case in a bundle to assemble the fuel rods into the nuclear fuel assembly. The fuel rod auto-loading apparatus includes a fuel rod storage unit having a plurality of stacked racks for fuel rods, a fuel rod loading unit raised/lowered to the racks and transferring the fuel rods, a feeding unit placing the fuel rods in rows and loading the fuel rods into the fuel rod case, a fuel rod unloading unit selectively unloading some of the fuel rods stored in the fuel rod storage unit and transferring the fuel rods to the feeding unit, a fuel rod assembly lifter which is disposed parallel to the feeding unit, and a controller controlling driving of the fuel rod loading unit, the feeding unit, and the fuel rod unloading unit.

Abstract: Method for storing high level radioactive waste. In one embodiment, the invention comprises: (a) providing a body portion comprising a floor, an open top end, an inner shell forming a cavity having, an outer shell surrounding the inner shell so as to form a space therebetween, and at least one opening in the inner shell that forms a passageway from the space into a bottom of the cavity; (b) placing a canister containing high level radioactive waste into the cavity; and (c) positioning a lid having at least one outlet vent atop the inner and outer shells so as to enclose the open top end of the body portion and the at least one outlet vent forming a passageway from a top of the cavity to the ambient atmosphere; and wherein at least one inlet vent forms a passageway from an ambient atmosphere to the space.

Abstract: The underwater electricity production module according to the invention includes means in the form of an elongated cylindrical box (12) in which means are integrated forming an electricity production unit including means forming a nuclear boiler (30), associated with electricity production means (37) connected to an external electricity distribution station (7) by electrical cables (6), is characterized in that the nuclear boiler-forming means (30) include a secondary circuit (36) associated with the electricity production means (37) and a secondary backup circuit (60) in parallel on that secondary circuit and including at least one secondary passive heat exchanger (61) placed outside the underwater module (12) in the marine environment.

Abstract: This device comprises a spray assembly (40) for spraying fluid into the chamber, and a fluid feed pipe (42) intended to feed fluid to the spray assembly (40). It comprises a fluid-distributing intermediate receptacle (46) positioned between the feed pipe (42) and the spray assembly (40), the intermediate receptacle (46) being connected upstream to the feed pipe (42) and comprising a fluid-evacuating sidewall (52) delimiting through orifices (60) connected to the spray assembly (40). It comprises at least one pipe (44A to 44D) for evacuating fluid towards the chamber (19) and projecting into the intermediate receptacle (46) opposite the sidewall (52).

Abstract: A nuclear fuel element for use in water-cooled nuclear power reactors. The fuel element includes a multilayered silicon carbide cladding tube. The multilayered silicon carbide cladding tube preferably includes an inner layer and a central layer. Also, in one embodiment, the ends further include hermetically sealed end caps. The cladding tube is sized to receive a stack of individual fissionable fuel pellets. In one embodiment, the fuel pellets comprise a mixture of thorium oxide and plutonium oxide.

Abstract: A CT apparatus for scanning an object is provided. An x-ray source is provided, wherein the x-ray source provides a collimated x-ray beam with a cross-section with a length and thickness. A plurality of wedges is provided between the source and object. An actuator is connected to the wedges for moving the wedges substantially perpendicular to the length of the cross-section of the collimated x-ray beam. An x-ray detector is located on an opposite side of the object from the x-ray source and is for detecting x-rays that pass through the object and the plurality of wedges. A gantry rotates the x-ray source, the plurality of wedges, and the x-ray detector around an axis of rotation.

Abstract: In order to provide an X-ray CT apparatus and the like that can specify an optimal cardiac phase in a wide variety of cases, an X-ray CT apparatus collects X-ray information and electrocardiographic waveform data 5 by performing cardiac scanning using an scanning unit 1 (step S11). Then, reconstructed images of a plurality of cardiac phases are created (step S12), and a region-of-interest image is generated by extracting a region of interest for each of the reconstructed images of the plurality of cardiac phases (step S13). Then, a variation distribution image is generated by calculating a variation for each region-of-interest image (step S14). Then, the degree of harmony of each cardiac phase is calculated using the variation distribution image (step S15). Then, an optimal cardiac phase is determined on the basis of at least the degree of harmony (step S16).

Abstract: A method of optimizing 4D cone beam computed tomography (4DCBCT) imaging is provided that includes using a scanner to generate projections of a target, where the projections are used to form a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of the target, where the CBCT includes a 3D image of the target, and using an appropriately programmed computer to control rotation speed of a gantry and projection acquisition of the CBCT in real-time according to a measured patient respiratory signal, where the real-time acquisition of the CBCT forms an optimized 4DCBCT image set.

Abstract: A method for determination of a spatial distribution and concentration of contrast components in a porous sample comprises the steps of scanning a sample with X-ray and obtaining a computer tomographic image of the sample. Then an area of interest inside the obtained computer tomographic image is selected and a first cross-section of the computer tomographic image is defined. Spatial distribution and concentration of contrast components inside the area of interest are determined by analyzing histograms of grayness distribution in the cross-sections of the computer tomographic image starting with the reference cross-section.

Abstract: The present specification describes a scanning/inspection system configured as a dual-view system using dual-energy sensitive stacked detectors that are partially populated with multi-energy discriminating detectors for overall enhanced energy resolution and therefore improved discrimination of materials through better estimation of material physical properties such as density and effective atomic number.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an apparatus and method for X-ray imaging wherein a radiation source comprising rows of discrete emissive locations can be positioned such that these rows are angularly offset relative to rows of sensing elements on a radiation sensor. A processor can process and allocate responses of the sensing elements in appropriate memory locations given the angular offset between source and sensor. This manner of allocation can include allocating the responses into data rows associated with unique positions along a direction of columns of discrete emissive locations on the source. Mapping coefficients can be determined that map allocated responses into an image plane.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus having an improved structure to reduce noise generated when a position of an X-ray generator is fixed in position includes an X-ray generator, an X-ray detector, a moving carriage coupled with one end of the X-ray generator, a guide rail, and a holding unit disposed at an inner side of the moving carriage to hold the position of the X-ray generator, wherein the holding unit includes a contact pad to contact the guide rail to hold the moving carriage, a magnetic body to move the contact pad using magnetic force, and a holding plate coupled to the contact pad to move according to operation of the magnetic body and including a buffer material capable of absorbing noise or vibration.

Abstract: In an X-ray generation apparatus of transmission type including an electron emission source, and a target generating an X-ray with collision of electrons emitted from the electron emission source against the target, the X-ray generation apparatus further includes a secondary X-ray generation portion generating an X-ray with collision of electrons reflected by the target against the secondary X-ray generation portion, and the secondary X-ray generation portion and the target are arranged such that the X-ray generated with the direct collision of the electrons against the target and the X-ray generated with the collision of the electrons reflected by the target against the secondary X-ray generation portion are both radiated to an outside. X-ray generation efficiency is increased by effectively utilizing the electrons reflected by the target.

Abstract: Methods and an x-ray system for dynamically regulating x-ray dose. An x-ray beam is generated and collimated at a source collimator and detected after the x-ray beam traverses an inspected object. A filter may be dynamically interposed by translation of the filter between a focal spot of the source and the source collimator in such a manner as to maintain the portion of the x-ray beam that traverses the inspected object below a specified limit. Alternatively, an aperture of the source collimator may be varied in size or position relative to the focal spot.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining the surface of a crystalline sample uses in-plane grazing incidence diffraction with a position-sensitive detector. The x-ray source illuminates an extended region of the sample and, for crystal sections having the appropriate lattice orientation, an elongated diffraction signal is produced. The relative position of the sample and the x-ray beam may then be changed to illuminate different regions of the sample so that the diffraction signal corresponds to these other regions. By scanning across the entire sample, a spatial profile of the sample surface may be generated. The system may be used to locate crystal boundaries, defects, or the presence of attenuating materials on the sample surface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an X-ray imaging apparatus includes an X-ray image acquisition unit, a control system and a display processing part. The X-ray image acquisition unit acquires X-ray image data of an object by using at least one imaging system. The control system controls the imaging system to acquire X-ray image data corresponding to different directions by reciprocating the imaging system repeatedly. The display processing part acquires X-ray image data for stereoscopic viewing out of the X-ray image data corresponding to the different directions to generate and display stereoscopically visible image data on a display unit based on the X-ray image data for the stereoscopic viewing. The X-ray image data for the stereoscopic viewing are acquired in a period without a motion or a possibility of the motion in an imaging part of the object.

Abstract: A method and an associated apparatus for controlling a heating current flowing through an emitter of a pulsed X-ray tube during pulse pauses are provided. The heating current is controlled by comparing a measured actual value of the heating current with a predefinable desired value of the heating current. A low-pass filtering of the actual value of the heating current is effected before the comparison. A time constant of the low-pass filtering is equal to a thermal time constant of the emitter. A correction of the actual value of the heating current is provided before the low-pass filtering by a first correction value. The first correction value is determined such that a tube current control during the pulses is not compensated for by the heating current control in the pulse pauses.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, an imaging apparatus comprises an arm assembly coupled to an imaging arm. The arm assembly includes a shoulder joint, an elbow joint, and an articulation assembly. The shoulder joint is configured to travel a vertical distance in a substantially linear fashion and provide rotational movement. The imaging arm comprises a first end and a second end. As such, the imaging apparatus is configured to provide radial motion along a path equal to the length of the arm assembly and the imaging aim along the vertical distance and the horizontal distance of the shoulder joint. The imaging apparatus may also comprise a movable cabinet, a monitor, and a control, with the arm assembly coupled to the movable cabinet. Furthermore, the imaging arm may comprise an x-ray source and a sensor, with the monitor displaying data detected by the sensor.

Abstract: A local network call handling device is configured to establish multiple concurrent call sessions between local network end devices and an external network. When a prioritized end device attempts to establish a call session, the call handling device may initially determine if a first call session identifier is available. If so, the call session can be established using that first identifier. If the first identifier is in use for a call session of another end device, the call handling device may either use a different call session identifier for the prioritized end device session or may drop a pre-existing call session to free an identifier for use in connection with the prioritized end device.

Abstract: A computer system manages emergency calls. The computer system receives an emergency call from a computing device along with a location of the computing device. The computer system determines that the location of the computing device is within a geographic area surrounding a location of a previously reported incident and sends a notification of the previously reported incident to the computer device. The computer system receives an indication from the computing device that the emergency call is related to the previously reported incident. Responsive to receiving the indication that the emergency call is related to the previously reported incident, the computer system handles the emergency call as a duplicative report of a known emergency.

Abstract: A method uses telephone number lists and a telephone exchange server to enable the blocking of illegal robocalls (prerecorded messages) and to enable the legal ones to proceed free of impediment. The method includes steps of providing a server computer; receiving at the server computer a first telephone number of a first telephone monitored by a first recipient; receiving permission from the first recipient to permit sending a telephone call to the first telephone when the telephone call originates from a second telephone number; storing the first telephone number and the second telephone number; intercepting a call to the first telephone number; determining an originating telephone number for a device making the intercepted call; and comparing the originating telephone number to the telephone number list and if the originating telephone number is in the telephone number list, then the server computer enabling the call to ring at the first telephone.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a recording method, and, corresponding to the recording method, a recording device and an electronic device. The recording method of the embodiments of the present invention is applicable in a first electronic device, where the first electronic device comprises a voice communication unit. The recording method comprises performing a voice communication with a second electronic device via the voice communication unit; during the voice communication, receiving a record command from a user; on the basis of the record command, performing a content recording and generating record data; generating communication identity information on the basis of the voice communication; when the content recording is completed, generating a record file via the record data, and correlating the communication identity information to the record file.

Abstract: In order to support Enhanced Visual Voice Mail (EVVM) technology in OMA standards that allow for voicemail retrieval via a plurality of devices for a single user, a method and apparatus for generating a notification that includes an old identification value (UID) for an old message, a new identification value (UID) for a new message, and optional additional information related to the notification; and transmitting, independent of an IMAP synchronization procedure with a first device, said notification to at least one other device that is different from the first device, has been conceived.

Abstract: A method includes determining, at a processor of a computing device, whether an incoming transmission to a first destination is authorized at an electronic device of a communication network. The method includes, in response to determining that the incoming transmission is not authorized, determining whether a particular type of content is communicated via the incoming transmission. The incoming transmission is routed to the first destination when the particular type of content is not communicated via the incoming transmission, and the incoming transmission is not routed to the first destination when the particular type of content is communicated via the incoming transmission.

Abstract: In a method for processing a telephone call, a telephone call originating from a first telephone number and being placed to a second telephone number is intercepted, the second telephone number being previously associated with a telephone service account of a first customer and currently associated with a telephone service account of a second customer. A determination that the first customer is more likely the intended recipient of the telephone call than the second customer is made. Making the determination includes determining that the first telephone number is included at a point in time in a call history of the second telephone number when the second phone number was associated with the telephone service account of the first customer. An action relating to the call is performed in response to the determination that the first customer is more likely the intended recipient of the telephone call than the second customer.

Abstract: A system, method, and device for forming contextualized competitions in a work environment are disclosed. The system includes a performance metric computation component which computes performance metrics, a visualization component which generates a visual interface for display to a supervisor, and a processor which implements the components. The method includes receiving information related to a set of agents operating in a work environment. A first aggregated value for a first performance metric and a second aggregated value for a second performance metric are computed. The first and second values are visualized, and a predicted effect on the second performance metric when the first performance metric is altered is visualized. The device serves as a decision-making support tool including a plurality of control mechanisms for altering at least one performance metric and displaying the predicted effect on another.

Abstract: The customer experience is enhanced by detecting leakage-to-voice from chats and providing recommendations to operations, chat agents, and customers. A chat is classified into leakage-to-voice or leakage-to-text chat and actionable recommendations are then provided to operations, chat agents, and customers based on the leakage information. Once leakage is identified, various other insights are extracted from chats and such insights are fed into the knowledge-base. Such insights also used in agent training and are provided to chat agents as recommendations. This results in a better customer experience.

Abstract: A computer-readable storage device stores instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations including selectively transferring a call to equipment of a customer service agent based on an order status. The call is automatically transferred to the equipment of the customer service agent in response to receiving an indication that the order status is not locatable.

Abstract: A common-key blockcipher processing configuration with enhanced immunity against attacks such as saturation attacks and algebraic attacks (XSL attacks) is realized. In an encryption processing apparatus that performs common-key blockcipher processing, S-boxes serving as non-linear transformation processing parts set in round-function executing parts are configured using at least two different types of S-boxes. With this configuration, the immunity against saturation attacks can be enhanced. Also, types of S-boxes present a mixture of different types. With this configuration, the immunity against algebraic attacks (XSL attacks) can be enhanced, thereby realizing a highly secure encryption processing apparatus.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for providing first data and a first secret key to a cipher processor for ciphering. The first data is ciphered in accordance with a first cipher process and the first secret key to provide output data. Before ciphering of the first data, extra data is inserted within the cipher processor for ciphering in accordance with at least a portion of said first cipher process. The extra data is inserted within a sequence of cipher processor operations for obfuscating the output data.

Abstract: A processor is disclosed for ciphering of first data. The processor includes a key store and a first data store. In use the processor for ciphering the first data in accordance with a first cipher process and a first secret key to provide output data, during ciphering of the first data inserting within the cipher processor other data for ciphering in accordance with at least a portion of the first cipher process, the other data inserted within a sequence of cipher processor operations and scheduled for obfuscating the output data.