Abstract: This invention features betulinic acid derivatives having the formula: wherein the variables are defined herein. The invention also provides related compounds and intermediates thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions, kits, and articles of manufacture comprising such compounds. Treatment methods and methods of manufacture are also provided.

Abstract: Prodrugs of methyl hydrogen fumarate, pharmaceutical compositions comprising prodrugs of methyl hydrogen fumarate, and methods of using prodrugs of methyl hydrogen fumarate and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating diseases such as psoriasis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and arthritis are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of treating an individual having a condition characterized by an imbalance in type 1 and type 2 cytokine production, wherein the method comprises administering to the individual an amount of ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate (HMB) effective to modulate or otherwise cause an increase in the ratio of type 1 to type 2 cytokines, including an increase in the ratio of type 1 to type 2 cytokines without a corresponding increase in type 2 cytokine levels. Also disclosed are methods of using HMB to treat asthma and allergies. The methods of the present invention are based upon the discovery that HMB modulates cytokine production, most typically by increasing type 1 cytokines without a corresponding increase in type 2 cytokines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer, and involuntary weight loss. In the practice of the present invention patients are enterally administered HMB alone or alternatively in combination with eicosapentaenoic (20:5 ?-3), FOS, carnitine and mixtures thereof. HMB may be added to food products comprising a source of amino-nitrogen enriched with large neutral amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, tyrosine, threonine and phenylalanine and substantially lacking in free amino acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer, and involuntary weight loss. In the practice of the present invention patients are enterally administered HMB alone or alternatively in combination with eicosapentaenoic (20:5 ?-3), FOS, carnitine and mixtures thereof. HMB may be added to food products comprising a source of amino-nitrogen enriched with large neutral amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, tyrosine, threonine and phenylalanine and subtantially lacking in free amino acids.

Abstract: Use of hydroxyoleic acid and its analogous compounds in the manufacture of drugs. Describes the use of hydroxyoleic acid and its analogs of general formula I: COOH—CHR—(CH2)m—CH?CH—(CH2)n—CH3, in which m and n have, independently, a value of 0-15 and R can be any residue with molecular weight below 200 Da, in the manufacture of drugs that can be used in the treatment of cancer, hypertension, obesity or diseases mediated by alteration of the membrane structure and the consequent regulation of G-proteins or of the receptors coupled to them.

Abstract: The invention involves various embodiments of a method for treating a human being for a condition associated with (1) seizures, myoclonic seizures, epilepsy, refractory epilepsy, hyperkinetic movements or tremors of hands or feet, (2) a state of ataxia, (3) accumulation of neuronal autofluorescent storage bodies in lysosomes or neurons, or regression of motor development, and (4) low alertness, dementia or mental retardation. The method involves administering a therapeutically effective salt of N-6-trimethyl-L-lysine.

Abstract: The invention provides unit dosage forms, kits, and methods useful for treating viral infections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new biphenyl-3-carboxylic acid modulators of beta-3-adrenoceptor activity, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof, wherein R1-R23 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and deuterium; and at least one of R1-R23 is deuterium.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compositions and systems for topical ophthalmic application, which include an aqueous mixture of bromfenac and flowable mucoadhesive polymer, for treating inflammation and inflammatory conditions of the eye.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide pharmaceutical compositions in unit dosage form that comprise a therapeutically effective amount of levothyroxine sodium; an antioxidant in an amount sufficient to stabilize the levothyroxine sodium against oxidation; an amount of an alditol sufficient to stabilize the levothyroxine sodium; and at least two excipients selected from a filler, a binder, and a lubricant. Such compositions are free of added monosaccharide, disaccharide, and an oligosaccharide and are storage stable.

Abstract: Small molecule inhibitors of Stat3 and their derivatives are disclosed. Also described are methods to inhibit cell growth by use of Stat3 inhibitors, and the use of Stat3 inhibitors for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer. Further, inhibitors of Stat3 that also do not inhibit Stat1 are described as well as their derivatives. Methods of screening additional compounds for Stat3 inhibition activity and/or non-inhibition of Stat1 activity are also described herein.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided novel compounds that have a variety of properties, i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Invention compounds, therefore, have the ability to impart a variety of beneficial physiological effects, e.g., to protect neurons and/or to promote neuroregeneration and/or to promote memory formation and/or to act as protein phosphatase or kinase inhibitors and/or to act as lipoxygenase inhibitors. Such compounds are useful for treatment of a variety of indications, including neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, diabetes, ischemia associated with heart disease, and memory deficit. In another aspect of the present invention, there are also provided formulations containing one or more of the above-described compounds, optionally further containing additional neurologically active compound(s) and/or adjuvants to facilitate delivery thereof across the blood/brain barrier.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for prolonging analgesic effect of a membrane permeable local anesthetic in a subject in need thereof. The method uses cinnamaldehyde as an adjuvant which, when administered prior to or simultaneously with the administration of a local anesthetic, prolongs the analgesic effect of the local anesthetic. Also disclosed herein is a method for providing analgesic effect in a subject in need thereof. The method uses cinnamaldehyde as an analgesic compound which, when administered alone to the subject in an analgesically effective amount, provides the analgesic effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to injectable formulations of irritant agents, such as calcimimetics, that are pharmaceutically stable and demonstrate a reduced incidence of irritation, pain, phlebitis, precipitation and hemolysis upon injection.

Abstract: The invention deals with new salts of the desvenlafaxine base of formula (I) with oxalic acid, the new salts being the hydrogen oxalate of formula (II) in the proportion of desvenlafaxine:oxalic acid of 1:1 and hemioxalate of formula (III) in the proportion of desvenlafaxine:oxalic acid of 2:1.

Abstract: The present invention is in the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, neutraceuticals and rheumatology. The invention provides pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of osteoarthritis in mammals, particularly humans, comprising sodium bicarbonate and calcium gluconate, and optionally comprising one or more additional components. The invention also provides methods of treating or preventing osteoarthritis by administering to a mammal, preferably via intraarticular injection, one or more compositions of the invention.

Abstract: The invention is a cosmetic or dermatological formulation comprising a) at least one polyol in a concentration of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation, and b) at least one diol selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, pentanediol, and hexanediol, in a concentration of from 0.1 to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation. The invention also includes formulations further comprising at least one antioxidant, and formulations further comprising at least one UV filter. The invention also includes a method of moisturizing skin comprising applying the formulation to the skin. The invention further includes a method for reducing the tacky sensation, a method for reducing the viscosity, and a method for increasing the stability of a polyol-containing formulation comprising adding a diol selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, pentanediol, and hexanediol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of polymer chemistry and more particularly to multiblock copolymers and micelles comprising the same.

Abstract: A composition comprising at least about 25% of a fiber component, by weight of the composition, provides a safe and effective amount of fiber component to a user. A method of producing such a composition is provided. Additionally a method of providing a safe and effective amount of fiber component to a user is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water-in-oil emulsion cosmetic that is excellent in the resilient and supple (in other words, firm and tensional) feels and also excellent in the moisturizing effect and feeling in use. The water-in-oil emulsion cosmetic of the present invention is characterized by comprising the following (A) to (D): (A) 0.5 to 10 mass % of bis-diglyceryl polyacyladipate-2 (B) an oil containing (b1) (b1) a volatile oil of low compatibility with (A) (C) an emulsifying agent and (D) 60 to 90 mass % of an aqueous component, wherein the percentage of component (b1) is 40 to 85% with respect to component (A) and component (B).

Abstract: A method for producing and using an ultrapure colloidal silica dispersion is disclosed. The ultrapure colloidal silica dispersion has less than 200 ppb of each trace metal impurity disposed therein, excluding potassium and sodium, and less than 2 ppm residual alcohol. The method comprises dissolving a fumed silica in an aqueous solvent comprising an alkali metal hydroxide to produce an alkaline silicate solution, removing the alkali metal via ion exchange to generate a silicic acid solution, adjusting temperature, concentration and pH of said silicic acid solution to values sufficient to initiate nucleation and particle growth, and cooling the silicic acid solution at a rate sufficient to produce the colloidal silica dispersion.

Abstract: There is provided herein a demulsifying composition comprising at least one polyorganosiloxane compound having the general formula (I): M1aM2bD1cD2dT1eT2fQg??(I) wherein: M1=R1R2R3SiO1/2, M2=R4R5RLSiO1/2, D1=R6R7SiO2/2, D2=R8RLSiO2/2, T1=R9SiO3/2, T2=RLSiO3/2, Q=SiO4/2, where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are each independently chosen from monovalent alkyl, aryl or aralkyl hydrocarbon radicals, or chosen from RP; RP is a monovalent polyether radical independently of the general formula (II): —(CnH2n)—O—(C2H4O)o—(C3H6O)p—(C4H8O)q—R10??(II) RL is a monovalent radical independently chosen from the general formula (III): —X—O—(C2H4O)r—(C3H6O)s—(C4H8O)t—{C(O)CuH2uO}v—R11??(III) There is also provided herein a method for separating emulsions comprising combining the components of the demulsification composition into a mixture; allowing the mixture to separate into at least two phases and separating said at least two phases from each other.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to apparatus and methods for converting carbon dioxide and/or methane into higher alkanes and hydrogen gas in a single reaction chamber using a catalyst and microwave radiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a slurry catalyst and a method for preparing the same, and belongs to the technical field of preparing catalyst. Particularly, the present invention provides a slurry catalyst directly used in a slurry bed reactor for synthesizing methanol and dimethyl ether and a method for preparing the same, which uses the complete liquid phase preparation from solution to slurry without the conventional slurry-producing process of firstly forming a solid catalyst and dispersing it into an inert medium after crushing and milling. This catalyst mainly comprises Cu, Zn, Al and Zr, wherein atomic ratios of each of components are Cu/Zn/(Al+Zr)=1/0.1-5/0.15-15 and Zr/Al=1:1.0-1:30, and one or two selected from the group consisting of lanthanide metals, Mn, Mo, Si, V, W, Cr, Mg, Ni, K, Pd, Rh, Ru, Re, Pt and Sr is used a promoter.

Abstract: Provided are a recycling method for industrially, simply and effectively recycling a phenolic body from a phenolic antioxidant which is masked by an organoaluminum compound and contained in an olefin polymer obtained by supplying the masked phenolic antioxidant upon polymerization; and an olefin polymer obtained by this method. In a method for recycling a phenolic antioxidant wherein a phenolic antioxidant which is masked by an organoaluminum compound and contained in an olefin polymer obtained by supplying the masked phenolic antioxidant upon polymerization is recycled to a phenolic body, a nitrogen gas comprising water and/or a proton donor at a volume ratio of 1.0×10?6 to 2.5×10?2 with respect to 1 volume of nitrogen is brought into contact with the olefin polymer.

Abstract: A spray latex foam for filling wall cavities to enhance the sealing and insulating properties of a building is provided. The spray latex foam includes a latex system and a gaseous coagulating component. In at least one exemplary embodiment, carbon dioxide is included as a gaseous coagulating agent. One latex suitable for use in the spray foam is polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), which possesses fire retardancy and environmental durability. However, a preferred latex is styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The latex system may also include a thixotropic agent, such as Laponite® RD synthetic clay. The spray latex foam is polyurethane-free. A method of preparing a spray latex foam that includes supplying a latex system and adding a gaseous coagulating component to the latex system is also provided.

Abstract: A resin foam having fine foam cells is provided at low cost. A method of producing the foam includes preparing a molten resin composition and continuous extrusion foaming of the molten resin composition. The molten resin composition is prepared by melting a resin mixture of resins (A) and (B) by dissolving a foaming agent into the resin mixture. Resins (A) and (B) respectively have appropriately selected glass transition temperatures and resin (B) particles of appropriate diameter are dispersed in resin (A).

Abstract: In the present invention, a catalyst composition comprising the following amine compounds of (A) and (B) and/or (C) is used and further, a raw material-blended composition further containing a polyol component and water is used. (A) A quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following general formula (1): wherein each of R1 to R3 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R4 represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and X represents an organic acid group having an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 4.8 or less; (B) A hydrophobic amine compound; (C) A heterocyclic tertiary amine compound.

Abstract: A noncrosslinked polyethylene resin expanded particle is provided having a bulk density BD in a range of 10 g/L to 100 g/L, the particle being obtained by expanding a polyethylene resin particle whose density is in a range of 0.920 g/cm3 to 0.940 g/cm3, the noncrosslinked polyethylene resin expanded particle having a shrinkage factor in a range of 2% to 30%, the shrinkage factor being obtained by the following formula (1): Shrinkage Factor =(BD?VBD)×100/VBD??(1), wherein: the BD of the noncrosslinked polyethylene expanded particle is a bulk density at 23° C. and at 0.1 MPa (at a normal atmospheric pressure); and the VBD of the noncrosslinked polyethylene expanded particle is a bulk density at 23° C. and at a reduced pressure of 0.002 MPa or less.

Abstract: A polishing pad generates very few scratches on a surface of a polishing object, and is excellent in planarization property. The polishing pad has a high polishing rate and is excellent in planarization property. The polishing pad grooves become very little clogged with abrasive grains or polishing swarf during polishing and, even when continuously used for a long period of time, the polishing rate is scarcely reduced.

Abstract: The disclosure provides curable inks including a diurethane gelator having the structure of Formula I. wherein R and R? each, independently of the other, is a C1-C22 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of (1) linear aliphatic groups, (2) branched aliphatic groups, (3) cyclic aliphatic groups, (4) aliphatic groups containing both cyclic and acyclic portions, any carbon atom of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be optionally substituted with an alkyl group (cyclic or acyclic), wherein (1) and (2) groups have a carbon number of from about 1 to about 22 carbons, and wherein (3) and (4) groups have a carbon number of from about 4 to about 10 carbons; and X is selected from the group consisting of: (i) an alkylene group, (ii) an arylene group, (iii) an arylalkylene group, and (iv) an alkylarylene group.

Abstract: Conventional curable polymers tend to shrink upon curing whilst low shrinkage ultraviolet light curing polymers have a problem with respect to curing below surface areas of a component. By providing light transmitting elements and/or local ultraviolet light source precursors, greater depth of ultraviolet curing can be achieved and therefore enhanced acceptability with regard to component manufacture. The light transmitting elements may be formed by optic fibers or coatings to existing reinforcing fibers or through consideration of the refractive index of the cured and uncured polymer to create light transmission paths through the component. Ultraviolet light source precursors can be activated by heat or a “seed” light exposure or vibration to create localised ultraviolet curing of the polymer thereabout.

Abstract: Methods of forming antimicrobial polymeric materials comprising metallic nanoparticles are disclosed. Such methods generally comprise: combining a metal-containing material with a resin in situ; and curing the resin in the presence of a metal-containing material. Antimicrobial polymeric materials formed by said methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are acid-neutralizing polymerizable and/or non-polymerizable resins, methods of making such resins, and dental compositions having such resins.

Abstract: A method for increasing the wet coefficient of friction of a thermoplastic elastomer includes adding various ingredients to the thermoplastic elastomer. In one embodiment microcrystalline wax, amorphous polyalphaolefin ethylene copolymer, and a copolymer ethylene/propylene and olefins are added to the thermoplastic elastomer. And in another embodiment, microcrystalline wax and copolymer ethylene/propylene and olefins are added to the thermoplastic elastomer. The above compositions are formed into a sheet which can be used alone as a slip-resistant pad, or can be applied to a desired surface (such as that of a surfboard).

Abstract: A tire, the tread of which comprises a rubber composition comprising a diene elastomer, such as, for example, an SBR or BR elastomer, a poly(vinyl ester) resin, at a content preferably of between 5 and 50 phr, and a reinforcing filler, such as silica and/or carbon black. The poly(vinyl ester) resin is in particular a vinyl ester homopolymer or copolymer of formula R—C(?O)O—CH?CH2, at least one of the vinyl ester monomers of which comprises a radical R having more than 2 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 20 carbon atoms. Such a composition makes it possible to improve the wet grip of the treads of the tire and also the processability of such a composition.

Abstract: A production method of an aqueous pigment dispersion liquid of the present invention includes: a kneading step of kneading a mixture including (a) C. I. pigment violet 23, (b) a styrene-acrylic acid-based copolymer with an acid value of 50 to 300 mgKOH/g, (c) an alkali metal hydroxide, (d) water, and (e) a wetting agent, thereby producing a colored, kneaded material; and a dispersion step of dispersing the pigmented, kneaded material in an aqueous medium by using a dispersing machine with media, wherein the mass ratio of (b)/(a) in the kneading step is within a range of 0.15 to 0.45, the mass ratio of (d)/(a) in the first half of the kneading step is within a range of 0.04 to 0.42, and the change in viscosity of materials to be dispersed in the dispersion step is 10% or lower.

Abstract: An ink for an ink-jet recording apparatus contains at least water, a pigment dispersion, and a penetrating agent. The pigment dispersion contains a resin having a molecular weight of about 60,000 or more and about 150,000 or less. The ink for an ink-jet recording apparatus contains an alkanediol having 8 or 9 carbon atoms as the penetrating agent. The content of the alkanediol is about 0.2% by mass or more relative to the total mass of the ink.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of polymerising monomer to form polymer at the surface of solid particulate material, said method comprising: providing a dispersion of said solid particulate material in a continuous hydrophilic liquid phase, said dispersion comprising a hydrophilic RAFT agent as a stabiliser for said solid particulate material, and said continuous hydrophilic liquid phase comprising one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers; and polymerising said one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers under the control of said hydrophilic RAFT agent to thereby form polymer at the surface of said solid particulate material.

Abstract: Continuous, conducting metal patterns can be formed from metal nanoparticle containing films by exposure to radiation (FIG. 1). The metal patterns can be one, two, or three dimensional and have high resolution resulting in feature sizes in the order of micron down to nanometers Compositions containing the nanoparticles coated with a ligand and further including a dye, a metal salt, and either a matrix or an optional sacrificial donor are also disclosed.

Abstract: Thermoplastic elastomer mixture which comprises at least one thermoplastic elastomer TPE, with the exception of a thermoplastic polyurethane TPU, and at least one filler from the group of precipitated silica, or precipitated silicate or carbon black. The thermoplastic elastomer mixtures are produced by, in a first step, mixing at least one filler selected from the group of precipitated silica, or precipitated silicate or carbon black, and at least one thermoplastic to give a masterbatch and, in a second step, mixing the masterbatch with at least one thermoplastic elastomer, with the exception of a thermoplastic polyurethane TPU. The thermoplastic elastomer mixture can be used in injection-molded items.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides curable compositions such as curable compositions including: (i) at least one epoxy resin comprising at least one aromatic or aromatic-derived moiety but not containing an aromatic amine moiety; (ii) an epoxide hardener system comprising: (a) a carboxylic acid anhydride, (b) a first amine having a melting point from about 30° C. to about 100° C. and containing at least one primary amine group; and (c) a second amine having a melting point of from about 50° C. to about 180° C. and having at least one primary amine group, wherein the first and second amines have a difference in melting points of at least 10° C.; and (iii) a filler capable of reducing the density of the curable composition. Also provided are compositions obtainable by curing the curable composition and methods of using the curable composition to fill voids in honeycomb structures.

Abstract: The invention relates to glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate compositions and molding compositions of the present investor and distinguished by high rigidity, high flowabillty, high processing stability, good chemical resistance and good aging resistance vis-à-vis the effects of light and heat compared with the prior art. The present invention also relates to the use of the compositions for the production of shaded articles and to shaped articles comprising the compositions according to the invention.

Abstract: A low color epoxy resin composition comprising (a) an epoxy resin and (b) at least one an inorganic phosphorous-containing compound stabilizing agent, for example an additive such as sodium pyrophosphate dibasic (SPD) compound; wherein the resulting epoxy resin composition is storage stable and the epoxy resin composition exhibits a low color. The low color epoxy resin composition is used to prepare an epoxy encapsulant which is useful in light emitting diodes (LEDs).

Abstract: Non-chromated corrosion inhibiting primer formulations having one or more active corrosion inhibitors covalently anchored, or optionally covalently anchored, onto an organic and/or inorganic reactive specie are provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to epoxy resin formulations comprising a specific catalyst mixture for enhancing the reactivity thereof.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin composition is provided. The composition comprises (A) 50 to 90% by weight of a polycarbonate resin, (B) 5 to 30% by weight of a polymethyl methacrylate resin, (C) 5 to 20% by weight of a phosphate compound, (D) 0.01 to 2% by weight of a metal sulfonate as an organic salt, and (E) 0.05 to 2% by weight of a fluorinated olefin. The composition is highly flame retardant and scratch resistant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame retardant composition comprising at least one polymer precursor, at least one flame retardant (A) selected from cyclic phosphonate esters responding to formula (I) and at least one flame retardant (B) selected from phosphorus derivatives different from the cyclic phosphonates of formula (I) and their use to make fire resistant glass laminates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyalkylene terephthalate/polycarbonate compositions, containing A) 49 to 70 parts by weight aromatic polycarbonate, B) 21 to 40 parts by weight polyalkylene terephthalate with more than 2 carbons in the diol component, C) 6 to 25 parts by weight of a salt of a phosphinic acid, D) 0 to 24 parts by weight conventional additives, all parts by weight in the present application being standardized such that the sum of the parts by weight of components A+B+C+D in the composition adds up to 100, and which are distinguished by an optimum combination of low molding shrinkage, high chemical resistance and good heat resistance together with good fire behavior, the use of the polycarbonate compositions for the production of moldings and the moldings themselves.