Abstract: The invention concerns a laboratory product transport element for a laboratory transport system with an energy receiver and/or energy accumulator to provide drive power, at least one signal receiver to receive control signals, a control unit to generate drive signals as a function of at least one control signal obtained from the at least one signal receiver, movement devices for independent movement of the laboratory product transport element on a transfer path as a function of the drive signals of the control unit, in which the drive devices are driven by the drive power and at least one holder to hold a laboratory product being transported. The invention also concerns a laboratory transport system with at least one laboratory product transport element according to an embodiment of the invention and a transfer path arrangement. The invention also concerns methods for operation of laboratory transport systems according to an embodiment of the invention.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a transfer assembly for transferring discrete articles from or to a moving carrier member. The transfer assembly comprises a frame defining a rotation axis. The frame comprises a track having a circumferential shape surrounding the rotation axis. The transfer assembly comprises transfer members movably engaged with the track, each having a transfer surface. The transfer assembly comprises a wheel engaged with the frame and configured to rotate about the rotation axis. The wheel is engaged with the transfer members. As the wheel rotates about the rotation axis, the transfer members circumnavigate about a path about the rotation axis in correspondence with the track. The shape of the track causes the transfer surfaces to move radially relative to the rotation axis while the transfer surfaces are maintained a substantially constant distance away from the moving carrier member at the point of discrete article transfer.

Abstract: An apparatus for transporting packages from an inlet to an outlet includes a closed transport path having a package transport route and a puck return transport route, an inlet, an outlet, transport elements that are rotatable in a circulation direction and that are adjacent to each other in the transport direction of the packages, and pucks for carrying a package from the inlet to the outlet. After release of the packages at the outlet, the pucks return to the inlet via the puck return transport route. The puck return transport route and the package transport route are in transport planes offset from each other in a vertical direction. The two transports are formed by common transport elements.

Abstract: A material transfer device is configured for transferring a number of molded products. The material transfer device includes a control box and a transfer mechanism. The transfer mechanism includes a receiving chamber, a driving device, and a supporting structure. The receiving chamber is located on the control box. The driving device is located on a side surface of the receiving chamber and extends into the receiving chamber. The supporting structure includes a holder, a rotating portion, and a number of supporting plates. The holder is located on the driving device to be driven thereby to move along the receiving chamber. The rotating portion is fixed on the holder. The supporting plates are fixed on the rotating portion. The rotating portion drives the supporting plates to rotate.

Abstract: A carriage for high magnetic field environments includes a plurality of work-piece separators disposed in an operable relationship with a work-piece processing magnet having a magnetic field strength of at least 1 Tesla for supporting and separating a plurality of work-pieces by a preselected, essentially equal spacing, so that, as a first work-piece is inserted into the magnetic field, a second work-piece is simultaneously withdrawn from the magnetic field, so that an attractive magnetic force imparted on the first work-piece offsets a resistive magnetic force imparted on the second work-piece.

Abstract: Conveyor for moving and positioning objects along a conveyor path, the conveyor including: a conveyor rail extending through a predefined conveying path; at least one carriage having a rotatable article support; and a turning block associated with the rotatable article support, to allow rotatable movement of the article support relative to the at least one carriage, wherein the conveyor further includes an aligning station for rotating the article support into a predetermined position, wherein the turning block has first disk with a first perimeter contour and a second disk with a second perimeter contour, and wherein the alignment station has means for engaging the second disk for rotatingly aligning the article support into the predetermined position.

Abstract: A material processing apparatus comprising a body, and a conveyor that is movable between a deployed state and a transport state. The conveyor comprises a feed end, a discharge end and conveying means configured to carry material from the feed end to the discharge end. The discharge end is coupled to the body and, in the deployed state, the conveyor extends from the body with the feed end being spaced apart from the body by the conveying means. In the transport state, the conveyor is folded with respect to the body.

Abstract: A portable load-breaking and pickup apparatus for handling a load associated with a power distribution system is disclosed. The apparatus includes first and second spaced-apart connectors electrically connected by a load break assembly. The load break assembly includes first and second outer contacts configured for mating engagement and configured to provide a low-resistance path between the first and second connectors, and first and second inner contacts configured for mating engagement and configured to provide a high-resistance path between the first and second connectors. The load break assembly transitions from an open position to a closed position in two stages. The two stages include closing the high-resistance path prior to closing the low-resistance path, and closing the low-resistance path after the high-resistance path has been closed.

Abstract: A MEMS switch includes a semiconductor substrate, a movable cantilever and a cantilever anchor. The semiconductor substrate includes a device layer and a handle. The movable cantilever is formed in the semiconductor substrate, and is disposed over a void in the handle. The cantilever anchor is formed in the semiconductor substrate and defines a side wall of the void. A metal portion is formed on at least a portion of the movable cantilever. A metal contact is formed proximate an end of the movable cantilever. A biasing metal contact is formed adjacent the cantilever. The biasing metal contact is electrically disconnected from the metal contact.

Abstract: An electronic component has a first member in which an electrostatic actuator is provided, a second member in which a drive integrated circuit for driving the electrostatic actuator is provided, and join parts that joins the first member and the second member while a surface on which the electrostatic actuator is provided in the first member and a surface on which the drive integrated circuit is provided in the second member are opposed to each other. The electrostatic actuator and the drive integrated circuit are disposed in a space surrounded by the first member, the second member, and the join parts.

Abstract: A key assembly for an electronic device having a one-piece keycap and an electronic device having such a keycap are provided. In accordance with one embodiment, there is provided a key assembly for use in an electronic device, comprising: a keycap having a plurality of rigid key portions separated by mechanically deforming portions; and a flexible member having opposed first and second sides, the first side having a plurality of key stems which are attached to the plurality of key portions, the second side having a plurality of actuators for actuating dome switches of the electronic device.

Abstract: A multi-layer body has a transparent first area which comprises a plurality of touch panels in the first area with a carrier substrate transparent in the first area, and a partially electrically conductive first layer transparent at least in the first area. The first layer has, in the first area, electrically conductive transmission areas, receiving areas and connection areas each formed by a pattern of electrically conductive, non-transparent tracks whose width in the first area is such that the electrically conductive transmission areas, receiving areas and connection areas are transparent.

Abstract: A pushbutton switch comprises a body including a barrel, a plunger longitudinally movable in the barrel, a ratchet coaxial with the plunger including a plurality of longitudinally extending camming teeth, and at least one longitudinally extending camming tooth on the plunger for engagement with the camming teeth on the ratchet, wherein the body and cover comprise a synthetic polymer material. The cover and body can comprise a glass-filled material. Further the ratchet and the plunger can comprise a polyoxymethylene (POM) plastic material.

Abstract: A push button switch including a base having a contact disposition surface on which a plurality of fixed contacts are positioned around a circle, a rotor rotatably disposed on the base about a rotating shaft passing through a center of the circle, the rotor including a plurality of movable contacts positioned to come into contact with and separate from the plurality of fixed contacts about the rotating shaft, a push button adjoined to an outer peripheral surface of the rotor and movably disposed in a direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft of the rotor, the push button being configured to rotate the rotor by a push operation; and a cover configured to accommodate the base, the rotor, and the push button, the cover exposing an operation unit of the push button.

Abstract: A force feedback-type touch panel device is provided which can provide an operator with clearer feedback than that of conventional art by presenting the operator with vibration having a larger vibration amplitude than that of conventional art and can prevent any breakage or damage of a touch panel when an external impact is applied to the touch panel. The touch panel device includes a base member, a touch panel retained by the base member, a cover member formed in a shape covering the touch panel with a hard synthetic resin, and an actuator that causes the cover member to be displaced along the perpendicular direction with respect to a flat surface of the touch panel. The cover member is urged in the direction toward the base member using an attraction force generated between a first magnet fixed on the base member and a second magnet fixed on the cover member.

Abstract: Apparatus for pyrolysing or gasifying the organic content of material, including organically coated waste, biomass, industrial waste, municipal solid waste and sludge, having organic content; the apparatus comprising: an oven having a rotatable portion comprising a treatment chamber adapted to receive material for treatment; a plurality of gas inlets in at least one wall (5) of the treatment chamber through which hot gases are introduced to the treatment chamber to heat the material therein so as to cause the organic components thereof to pyrolyse or gasify; and a plurality of pockets (8) having open faces turned inwardly towards the inside of the treatment chamber on at least one wall of the rotatable portion such that, in use, material being pyrolysed or gasified can be received from the treatment chamber into the plurality of pockets (8) via said open faces, and be substantially retained therein through an initial rotation of the oven of less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: A reaction apparatus for the gasification of wet biomass comprises a feeding system for feeding wet biomass at a pressure of at least 22.1 MPa (absolute), a reactor comprising a reaction tube and a heating device, and a recovery system. The reaction tube is configured to comprise a bed of solid particles suspended in a fluid, and to receive wet biomass from the feeding system at a temperature below the critical temperature of water. The bed of solid particles suspended in a fluid is a bubbling fluidised bed having a length of at least 0.5 m and a cross sectional area of at most 20 dm2. The heating device is configured to heat the feed in the presence of the bed of suspended solid particles to a temperature above the critical temperature of water by heat exchange with a heating fluid, forming supercritical water and fluid gasification product.

Abstract: A coke oven door includes a mainframe, a diaphragm assembly coupled with the mainframe, and a plurality of load-exerting assemblies attached to the mainframe. The diaphragm assembly includes a pan and a sealing edge structure attached to the pan. The sealing edge structure includes a load-receiving surface, a door-sealing surface spaced from the load-receiving surface, and a plurality of scallops spaced from one another. Each of the load-exerting assemblies is positioned and configured to selectively, operably apply a load to the load-receiving surface of the sealing edge structure. The scallops are configured and positioned to facilitate deflection of the sealing edge structure, in response to loads applied to the load-receiving surface, such that the door-sealing surface is configured to be positioned in contacting, and at least substantially sealing, engagement with a door jamb of a coke oven body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating polyolefin granules in a treatment vessel comprising the steps of: —Providing a bed of granules in liquid in said treatment vessel —Withdrawing a first stream of liquid from said treatment vessel, wherein said first stream of liquid contains hydrocarboneous compounds —introducing a first stream of vapour into said treatment vessel —Withdrawing a second stream of vapour from said treatment vessel wherein said second stream of vapour contains volatile hydrocarboneous compounds —Recovering the granules from said treatment vessel wherein said first stream of vapour has a temperature from Tb to Tb+10° C., wherein Tb is the boiling point of the liquid at the applied pressure, and said first stream of vapour produces an upwards rising vapour stream in said treatment vessel, the superficial vapour velocity of which is no more than 0.2 m/s, and a plant suitable for conducting said process.

Abstract: A method for using a vacuum apparatus that includes a vacuum chamber and a pump, the vacuum chamber housing an object, the pump reducing an internal pressure of the vacuum chamber, the method including: ventilating inside the vacuum chamber by introducing a gas into the vacuum chamber and discharging the gas from the vacuum chamber by causing the pump to reduce the internal pressure of the vacuum chamber. In the ventilating, a discharge rate at which molecules of the gas per unit volume are discharged is at least 3.3×10?5 mol/(s·L), and the temperature in the vacuum chamber is at least 15° C. and at most 80° C.

Abstract: An electrolyzed water processor chamber with an anodic chamber having an anode plate held in an anode tray, and a cathodic chamber having a cathode plate held within a cathode tray. The plates are charged by an electrical current, to separate an incoming water stream into its electromagnetically ionized alkaline and acidic components, across an ion exchange membrane sandwiched between the anode and cathode plate trays. The trays can include sets of ducts and cavities, so that when the trays are stacked together, with the cavities aligning to form plenums for the routing of water between the trays. The trays stack as modular units, so that any multiple of the anodic and cathodic tray pairs, with their plates and sandwiched membrane, can be stacked together and function as a combined processor chamber, with end caps mounted on the top-most and bottom-most plate trays.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to photoelectrodes. In one aspect, a photoelectrode may include a substrate including an electrically conductive surface and at least one nanostructure in electrical contact with the surface of the substrate. The nanostructure may include an impurity. The impurity may impart a light-absorbing characteristic to the nanostructure.

Abstract: A boron-doped zinc oxide sputtering target, BZO sputtering target, is provided to deposit a BZO film by direct current sputtering. The BZO sputtering target has an amount of B/(B+Zn) ranging from 1.15 atomic % to 6.74 atomic % and a second phase ranging from 2% to 25% relative to a total area of the matrix phase and the second phase. Accordingly, a BZO film having a transmittance higher than 80% within a wavelength from 400 nanometers to 1100 nanometers and a resistivity less than 1×10?2 ?-cm can be prepared by DC sputtering the BZO sputtering target.

Abstract: A method for casting a reactive material PVD target, as well as targets thus obtained and a mold for casting. The method includes providing a mold defining an opening, placing a reactive material ingot in to a reservoir (140) proximate the mold, forming a vacuum and melting the reactive material in the reservoir, heating the mold to above a casting temperature and forming a vacuum therein, introducing molten reactive material from the reservoir into the opening and cooling the mold to form the PVD target.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides small volume analyte sensors having large sample fill ports, supported analyte sensors, analyte sensors having supported tip protrusions and methods of making and using same.

Abstract: A method for measuring a target object in a sample by using an oxidase, wherein the influence of dissolved oxygen in the sample can be corrected, is provided. The method comprises: obtaining measurement values by causing the target object in the sample to react with the oxidase under different conditions of two or more types; and performing a correction based on the obtained two or more measurement values and a correction method preliminarily set so as to correct the influence of dissolved oxygen in the sample.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrochemical sensor device comprising: an integrated electrochemical sensor element having: a substrate; first and second electrodes formed on the upper surface of the substrate; and an electrolyte layer formed on the first and second electrodes so as to electrically contact both the first and second electrodes; and a sensor integrated circuit electrically connected to the first and second electrodes of the integrated electrochemical sensor element. The integrated electrochemical sensor element and the sensor integrated circuit are provided in a single package.

Abstract: A miniaturised electrochemical sensor for detection of a component in a gas is provided. The sensor comprises a reference electrode, a counter electrode and a structure comprising a plurality of passages delineated by walls extending along the passages. A working electrode covers the walls of the structure and a layer of an ionomer covers at least part of the working electrode along the walls of the structure. The layer of ionomer is in ion conducting contact with the electrodes. The disclosure further relates to a method of fabricating a miniaturised electrochemical sensor and to a device for measuring content of NO in exhaled breath comprising such a miniaturised electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device and a method of single-molecule analysis by detection of a target molecule on functionalized nanopores in such a way that it interacts with the target molecule and has an effective diameter smaller than the dimension of the target molecule.

Abstract: Provided are a sample analysis method using capillary electrophoresis capable of enhancing analysis accuracy, a solution for capillary electrophoresis, and a sample analysis kit. The sample analysis method includes separating and/or detecting a substance to be analyzed in a sample through capillary electrophoresis, in which the substance to be analyzed is separated and/or detected in the presence of a pH buffer substance and a non-surfactant-type zwitterionic substance. Further, the solution for capillary electrophoresis contains a pH buffer substance, a non-surfactant-type zwitterionic substance, and water.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for size selecting nucleic acid molecules having wide range of applications including the production of DNA libraries for sequencing technologies. An automated high throughput system for size selection of multiple nucleic acid samples that uses imaging technique to detect the progress of a target fraction and feedback from the imaging to control electrophoresis. Predictive algorithms for timed nucleic acid extractions are generated to provide size selected nucleic acid molecules of required size ranges.

Abstract: A non-volatile bistable nano-electromechanical switch is provided for use in memory devices and microprocessors. The switch employs carbon nanotubes as the actuation element. A method has been developed for fabricating nanoswitches having one single-walled carbon nanotube as the actuator. The actuation of two different states can be achieved using the same low voltage for each state.

Abstract: A device and process are disclosed for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers.

Abstract: A device and process are disclosed for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers.

Abstract: An active matrix electrowetting on dielectric (AM-EWOD) device includes a substrate electrode and a plurality of array elements, each array element including an array element electrode. The AM-EWOD device further includes thin film electronics disposed on a substrate. The thin film electronics includes first circuitry configured to supply a first time varying signal V1 to the array element electrodes, and second circuitry configured to supply a second time varying signal V2 to the substrate electrode. An actuation voltage is defined by a potential difference between V2 and V1, and the first circuitry further is configured to adjust the amplitude of V1 to adjust the actuation voltage. V1 may be adjusted to adjust the actuation voltage while V2 remains unchanged. The actuation voltage may be controlled to operate the AM-EWOD device between high and low voltage modes of operation in accordance with different droplet manipulation operations to be performed.

Abstract: A fuel magnetization treatment method includes mounting electromagnetic coils on a supply system through which fuel is supplied to a combustion device of an engine (7), connecting two joints of the electromagnetic coils with an electromagnetic generating device, and providing alternating current to the electromagnetic coils through the electromagnetic generating device so that an alternating current magnetic field is generated by the electromagnetic coils and is used to magnetize the fuel in the engine, where the frequency zone of the alternating current is 4 kHz˜25 kHz. The method can improve the combustion efficiency of various fuels, enhance the power output performance of the engine, inhibit the emission of various pollution gases and prolong the life of engine lubricating oil.

Abstract: An electroosmotic movable device is provided, which includes a liquid chamber that houses a liquid, a conductive movable structure that is placed in the liquid chamber and has a rotating shaft or a supporting point and further has a conductive portion, and an electrode for applying an electric field to the conductive movable structure. The conductive movable structure is enabled to move by an electroosmotic flow which occurs in an electric double layer portion formed by being paired with an electric charge induced in the conductive movable structure owing to the electric field which is applied from the electrode.

Abstract: A nanosensor may include a substrate that has a hole formed therein, a first insulating layer that is disposed on the substrate and has a nanopore formed therein, first and second electrodes that are disposed on the first insulating layer and are spaced apart from each other, first and second electrode pads that are disposed on the first and second electrodes, respectively, and a protective layer disposed on the first and second electrode pads. A method of manufacturing a nanosensor may include forming a first insulating layer, graphene, and a metal layer on a substrate, patterning the metal layer and the graphene, forming a protective layer on a portion of the graphene and the metal layer, exposing a portion of the graphene by removing a portion of the protective layer, forming a hole in the substrate, and forming a nanopore in the first insulating layer and the graphene to be connected to the hole.

Abstract: Provided is an electrodeionization apparatus for producing deionized water, capable of removing or reducing a biased flow of electric current in a deionization chamber. In the electrodeionization apparatus for producing deionized water, at least one deionization treatment unit including the deionization chamber and a pair of concentration chambers adjacent to both sides of the deionization chamber is disposed between a cathode and an anode. In the deionization chamber, anion exchanger layers and cation exchanger layers are stacked in an order in which a last ion exchanger layer through which water to be treated passes is an anion exchanger layer. A bipolar membrane is formed on the cathode side of the anion exchanger layer in the deionization chamber. The anion exchange membrane of the bipolar membrane is in contact with the anion exchanger layer.

Abstract: A system and method for preparation of nano-porous membrane using anodized aluminium oxide and the membrane/film/thin lamina produced thereof. The system comprises a template forming device that comprises of two rolls provided with one or plurality of projections wherein the Al sheet is passed through the said rolls that are rotatable in opposite direction with respect to each other wherein in operation as the Al sheet is passed through the said rolls, the said projections of the rolls punch depressions to the predetermined depth in the said sheet wherein the depth of the depression is governed by the height of the projections. A method for preparation of anodized aluminum oxide nano-porous membrane comprising electro polishing of Al substrate; first step anodization; chemical etching of alumina; second stage anodization; etching Al for separation of alumina and barrier layer removal or voltage pulse detachment for barrier layer removal and detachment of membrane from Al substrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a molding core includes: providing a cylindrical roller having a circumference surface coated with a first film layer; coating a second film layer on the first film layer; coating a preprocessed molding film on the second film layer; engraving a number of molding patterns on the preprocessed molding film to obtain a molding film; separating the molding film from the roller and spreading out the molding film to be a flat plate; and manufacturing the molding core using the molding film by electroforming method.

Abstract: An electroplating solution and method for producing an electroplating solution containing a gallium salt, an ionic compound and a solvent that results in a gallium thin film that can be deposited on a substrate.

Abstract: A system (10) for generating a chlorine-containing compound includes an anodic chamber (12), a cathodic chamber (20), and a brine chamber (30). The anodic chamber (12) includes an anodic electrode (14) and the cathodic chamber (20) includes a cathodic electrode (22). A membrane (28) separates the anodic and cathodic chambers (12), (20). The brine chamber (30) includes an anodic electrode (32) and a cathodic electrode (34). Concentration and type of the chlorine-containing compound can be selectively and consistently controlled by the system (10) in real time.

Abstract: An electrolyzing system for electrolyzing a brine solution of water and an alkali salt to produce acidic electrolyzed water and alkaline electrolyzed water is provided. The system includes an internal chamber for receiving the brine solution and two electrolyzer cells immersed in a brine bath. Each electrolyzer cell includes an electrode, at least one ion permeable membrane supported relative to the electrode to define a space communicating between a fresh water supply and a chemical outlet into which brine enters only through the membrane. One of the electrodes is coupled to a positive charging electrical supply and the other to a negative charging electrical supply.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a method and system for use for control of layer formation over an extended area in an aluminium electrolysis cell and exploitation of heat. A second object of the invention is to provide a method and system for use for control of layer formation suited for retrofitting to an aluminium electrolysis cell and maintainability during operations of the cell. The present invention attains the above-described objectives by a flat heat tube for attachment to the steel casing of an aluminium electrolysis cell. This heat tube can be a heat pipe or a thermosyphon. Preferably the heat tube is provided with a substantially flat surface. Preferably the heat tube has a meandering shape.

Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to methods and apparatus for forming graphitic material from a carbon oxide feedstock in an electroplating chamber containing molten inorganic carbonate as electrolyte. Carbon dioxide flows into a reaction chamber containing one or more cathodes, one or more anodes, and a molten carbonate electrolyte. The carbon dioxide and/or carbonate reduces at the cathode to form graphitic material, which may be removed from the surface of the cathode through various mechanisms. The graphitic material is then separated out from the electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyser for the production of at least one chemical substance, such as hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine or hypochlorous acid, or sodium hydroxide, by electrolysis of pure water or of water containing at least one salt, base and/or acid such as NaCl, H2SO4, KOH or NaOH, comprising a stack of at least a first and a second consecutive electrolytic cells, each electrolytic cell (10) comprising; —an anode, —a cathode, —an ion exchange membrane (11) positioned between the anode and the cathode, the ion exchange membrane (11) of the first electrolytic cell and of the second electrolytic cell being separated by a bipolar electrode (15) constituting on the one hand, the anode of the first electrolytic cell and, on the other hand, the cathode of the second electrolytic cell.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for separation of particulate from water using ultrasonically generated acoustic standing waves.

Abstract: An apparatus for the electrolytic splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: (i) a first hemi-enclosure; (ii) a second hemi-enclosure; (iii) a diaphragm electrode array positioned between the first hemi-enclosure and the second hemi-enclosure comprising: (a) a diaphragm, that passes ions and impedes the passage of gases, comprising a first side and a second opposed side; (b) a first plurality of electrodes in a first vicinity of the first side of the diaphragm; and (c) a second plurality of electrodes in a second vicinity of the second opposed side of the diaphragm; (iv) a fastener, for leak-tight fastening of the first hemi-enclosure, the diaphragm electrode array, and the second hemi-enclosure, whereby a leak-tight enclosure is formed; (v) contacts, for electrically powering the first and second pluralities of electrodes, and; (vi) pathways, configured to remove hydrogen and oxygen gases from the enclosure.

Abstract: An apparatus for the electrolytic splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: (i) a first hemi-enclosure; (ii) a second hemi-enclosure; (iii) a diaphragm electrode array positioned between the first hemi-enclosure and the second hemi-enclosure comprising: (a) a diaphragm, that passes ions and impedes the passage of gases, comprising a first side and a second opposed side; (b) a first plurality of electrodes in a first vicinity of the first side of the diaphragm; and (c) a second plurality of electrodes in a second vicinity of the second opposed side of the diaphragm; (iv) a fastener, for leak-tight fastening of the first hemi-enclosure, the diaphragm electrode array, and the second hemi-enclosure, whereby a leak-tight enclosure is formed; (v) contacts, for electrically powering the first and second pluralities of electrodes, and; (vi) pathways, configured to remove hydrogen and oxygen gases from the enclosure.