Abstract: Embodiments of systems and methods of the present invention include efficient, reliable aggregation and transfer of one or more sensor pods detect status to the base station and then the traffic controller. An embodiment of an access point maintains a sensor state array, which is the current status of the sensor pods in communication with the access point. The access point can maintain the sensor state array in its memory and relay the sensor state array to the base station. An embodiment of a base station can use the sensor state array information to generate and update a vehicle detector array, which is the current status of all the sensor pods in the wireless vehicle detector network. An embodiment of the base station emulates one or more bus interface units and uses the vehicle detector array to relay detector information to the traffic controller periodically or when polled.

Abstract: When distribution material is distributed over a target site on a ground surface from an aircraft, a distribution supporting apparatus offers support information to a pilot dropping the distribution material to efficiently distribute the distribution material. The distribution supporting apparatus includes: an input section to which information items on at least an aircraft velocity, an aircraft altitude, and a wind velocity are input; a computation section configured to compute a location at which the distribution material dropped from the aircraft arrives on the ground surface and a density distribution of the distribution material on the ground surface based on the information items input to the input section; and a display control section configured to display, on a display, the support information relating to the location and density distribution computed by the computation section.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for displaying visual flight reference points and their associated flight data. This is achieved by coupling a processor to a display system and configured the processor to generate symbology graphically representative of the VRPs and their associated flight data. The display system then renders the VRP symbology and the flight data symbology proximate to the VRP symbology. In addition, the processor is configured to alter the symbology of the VRPs depending on the estimates elapsed time for each of the VRPs to become visible to the aircraft.

Abstract: There is proposed a marine security system which comprises at least two different monitoring elements (IRC, IRS) and a controller (PC) connected thereto in particular for warding off pirates, said controller triggering an alarm and/or activating alarm devices as a function of the displays or outputs of the different monitoring elements. In addition, at least two separate line or conduit systems (LA, LB) and outlets (DA, DB) connected thereto are provided, from which at least one substance can be discharged. In the event of an alarm, at least one substance is specifically supplied to the outlets (DA, DB), wherein said outlets are installed in different locations or sections (A1-A5, B1-B5) of the hull (S) and can be specifically activated there. The outlets (DA, DB) may also have different designs in order to optimally discharge the respective substance, for example by atomizing, nebulizing, spraying or pouring.

Abstract: Configurable buttons for electronic devices such as portable electronic devices are provided. A configurable button may have a button member that moves relative to a device housing when it is desired to activate a switch. The button may have an associated touch sensor. The touch sensor may detect when a user's finger touches a particular portion of the button member. Contact with only this portion of the button member is generally inadvertent, so an actuator may be used to prevent or otherwise restrict motion of the button relative to a device housing. This prevents inadvertent activation of the button when a user is manipulating portions of an electronic device such as clip or lid, but does not intend to depress the button.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital conversion device includes: an analog-to-digital converter that receives an analog voltage and converts the analog voltage into a digital value to output the converted digital value; and an offset correction unit that arithmetically operates an offset correction value based on a first digital value and a second digital value, the first digital value being to be output from the analog-to-digital converter by the analog-to-digital converter receiving a first analog voltage, the second digital value being to be output from the analog-to-digital converter by the analog-to-digital converter receiving a second analog voltage, the second analog voltage having a voltage value different from that of the first analog voltage, in which after the arithmetic operation of the offset correction value, the analog-to-digital converter outputs a digital value obtained by subtracting the offset correction value from the converted digital value.

Abstract: Circuits, methods, non-transitory storage media can be configured to reduce calibration errors in a signal converter. A digital-to-analog converter can include a calibration circuit configured to calibrate a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) bit element using a residual error from a previously calibrated digital-to-analog converter (DAC) bit element. The residual error can be stored in memory.

Abstract: A Sigma Delta Modulator (SDM) signal overload conditions are overcome without sacrificing performance or driving up implementation costs. These advanced overload protection method can be applied to any higher order SDM where overloading is a serious system concern.

Abstract: A multi-rate sigma delta digital-to-analog converter may include a signal input and a signal output, and multiple modulators. A first of the modulator may convert a digital input signal on the signal input to an analog output signal on the signal output. Subsequent of the multiple modulators may shape and cancel quantization noise received from a proceeding modulator. One of the modulators may operate at a higher frequency than does another of the multiple modulation loops.

Abstract: An input stage for a switched capacitor analog-to-digital converter has a differential voltage input receiving an input voltage, a differential reference voltage input receiving a chopped reference voltage, a common voltage connection, and a differential output. A pair of input capacitors is coupled between the differential voltage input and the differential output and a pair of reference capacitors is coupled between the differential reference voltage input.

Abstract: Operating capacitive sensors in force feedback mode has many benefits, such as improved bandwidth, and lower sensitivity to process and temperature variation. To overcome, the non-linearity of the voltage-to-force relation in capacitive feedback, a two-level feedback signal is often used. Therefore, a single-bit ?-? modulator represents a practical way to implement capacitive sensors interface circuits. However, high-Q parasitic modes that exist in high-Q sensors (operating in vacuum) cause a stability problem for the ?-? loop, and hence, limit the applicability of ?-? technique to such sensors. A solution is provided that allows stabilizing the ?-? loop, in the presence of high-Q parasitic modes. The solution is applicable to low or high order ?-? based interfaces for capacitive sensors.

Abstract: An Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) having a Gated Ring Voltage Controlled Oscillator, GRVCO, to generate a phase signal according to an input voltage; and a quantization circuit to generate a quantized phase output signal according. The GRVCO operates in either a first or second mode of operation according to a gating control signal. In the first mode of operation, the GRVCO operates in a VCO mode with gating disabled. In the second mode of operation, the GRVCO operates in a GRVCO mode wherein gating is enabled or disabled according to a gating signal.

Abstract: An A/D converter includes a plurality of AD converting sections that sequentially operate at predetermined intervals. The AD converting section has an ADC that converts an analog signal into a digital signal and outputs the digital signal, a memory that stores, as a specific polarity value, the polarity of a signal obtained by the ADC digitizing an analog signal at a reference voltage, an analog polarity converting circuit that inverts the polarity of the analog signal based on the specific polarity value and a set polarity value, which is previously set, and a digital polarity converting circuit that inverts the polarity of the digital signal based on the specific polarity value and the set polarity value.

Abstract: A radiation absorber comprising multiple layers has a conducting base layer, and at least first and second further layers, each separated by a dielectric material, the first and second layers having patches thereon of highly conducting material, and defining resonant cavities in cooperation with the dielectric material, wherein the resonant cavities formed on adjacent layers differ in frequency. Characteristics of the patch, such as size or shape may vary on each layer to provide different resonant frequencies, and/or dielectric or magnetic properties of the dielectric material, and/or separation distance of the patches may be varied. In some embodiments, complex dielectrics may have their loss factors adapted to tune a resonant frequency, or to adapt its resonant bandwidth.

Abstract: An inflatable dummy target fittable into a carrier missile capable of being released from the carrier missile during exo-atmospheric flight; upon release, the dummy target or portion thereof is capable of being inflated and manifest characteristics that resemble GTG missile characteristics, wherein the GTG missile characteristics include IR signature, RF signature and GTG missile

Abstract: A pulse transponder countermeasure device, comprising: a central processing unit (CPU); an optical receiver adapted to receive detection signals from a speed measuring device; at least one optical transmitter adapted to transmit jamming signals to the speed measuring device; at least one software controlled driver configured to drive the optical transmitter and memory storing a database of measuring devices signature signals and reflective signals, the CPU configured to identify the speed measuring device in its database according to the received detection signal's signature and calculate a response time for sending a jamming signal to the speed measuring device so as to change the speed perceived by the speed measurement device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detects one or more subsurface targets by receiving a reflectivity data from two or more subsurface reflectors using a ground penetrating radar. The two or more subsurface reflectors may include the one or more subsurface targets and a medium surrounding the one or more subsurface targets. An impedance data for the two or more subsurface reflectors is calculated by inverting the reflectivity data using a temporal transmission line model with a “layer-peeling” method. One or more constitutive parameters of the two or more subsurface reflectors are calculated based on the impedance data. The one or more subsurface targets are detected based on a change in the one or more constitutive parameters.

Abstract: Signals received by an array of sensing elements are processed by first positioning the sensing elements in a uniform grid of L locations, wherein each location to include or not to include a sensing element is selected during a design phase. The sensing elements are selected and grouped into subsets, wherein each subset contains one or more sensing elements, and each sensing element is a member of one or more subsets. The signals in each subset are linearly combined to produce a combined signal, which is then sampled to form an output channel, which can detect objects.

Abstract: A sensor has a strip resonator filter that energizes an emitter patch which emits an electric field out from the strip resonator filter (away from the strip resonator filter). The capacitance of the filter, or specifically the coupling capacitance and radiation pattern of the slotted patch, is altered when an object such as a finger is near the sensor. Resulting changes in a signal outputted by the filter can be used to determine how close the object is to the sensor. The strip resonator filter may be a half wavelength strip resonator coupled filter having three separate strips. The patch may have a slot and two accompanying strips. An arrangement of multiple sensors may detect the position of an object in two or three dimensions.

Abstract: An integrated identification system including a housing, an active light beacon supported by the housing, an RF beacon supported by the housing, and a controller coupled to the active light beacon and RF beacon to facilitate independent control of the active light beacon and RF beacon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for passively or actively detecting a target which scatters a useful signal and which is immersed in an observed area comprising elements that are likely to generate clutter echoes forming a non-useful signal, the useful signal having a coherent scattering lobe that is greater than that of the non-useful signal for a given wavelength and given direction, said device including means for receiving the signal scattered by the target, said receiving means including: at a given moment t, at least two separate reception portions having the same polarization, each portion including at least one receiver and one phase center; and a processing means enabling the mutual correlation between at least two received signals, or between at least two signals constructed from signals received at a moment t, each of said received signals being received by a receiver of one of said at least two separate reception portions, characterized in that the phase centers of said at least two reception po

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for multi-mode obstacle detection using radar, including the steps of: determining whether an object moves by acquiring radar information on the object; discriminating between a stationary object and a moving object according to whether the object moves; executing a first detecting mode for detecting the stationary object or a second detecting mode for detecting the moving object; and transmitting location information on the stationary object obtained through the first detecting mode, or location and speed information on the moving object obtained through the second detecting mode, to an external terminal. According to the method for multi-mode obstacle detection using radar, and to the apparatus for same, multi-detection modes can be provided to separately detect a stationary object and a moving object using the radar information on the object obtained using radar, thereby increasing location tracking efficiency for each object.

Abstract: A method for operation of a distance sensor emits a transmission signal as transmission radiation, reflected by an object, the distance of which is to be measured, as reflection radiation, and received as a reflection signal. The reflection signal and a reference signal that occur at a receiver input are regulated to a predetermined ratio. The distance is determined during the regulation process. An auxiliary transmission antenna emits an auxiliary transmission signal as auxiliary measurement radiation, directly toward a reception antenna. Microwaves are used as the transmission and auxiliary transmission signals. The reception antenna receives the reflection radiation reflected by the object and passes it on to the receiver input as a reflection signal. The reception antenna receives the auxiliary measurement radiation directly and passes it on to the receiver input as an auxiliary reception signal which is evaluated as a reference signal when measurement radiation emission is suppressed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a radar apparatus and a method of operating the same. The radar apparatus includes a clutter analysis unit, a screen change detection unit, a representative value acquisition unit, and a target detection unit. The clutter analysis unit analyzes the clutter value of a signal that is received by a reception unit. The screen change detection unit calculates the screen change time up to the time at which a screen has been changed from an image captured by an imaging apparatus. The representative value acquisition unit acquires a representative value based on a plurality of clutter values analyzed for the screen change time by the clutter analysis unit. The target detection unit determines the signal to be a target signal if the size of the signal is larger than both the clutter value and representative value of the signal.

Abstract: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chipset embedded within the cellular device is accessed. The GNSS chipset calculates raw observables that include raw pseudoranges and carrier phase information. The raw observables are extracted from the GNSS chipset for processing elsewhere in the cellular device outside of the GNSS chipset. Smoothed pseudoranges are provided by smoothing the raw pseudoranges based on the carrier phase information. The accessing, the extracting and the providing are performed by one or more hardware processors located in the cellular device and outside of the GNSS chipset.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining an anomalous satellite in a multi-reference station environment and a determination apparatus using the method, which detect an anomaly in a satellite and determine the cause of the anomaly in a multi-reference station environment, and continuously provide services in an environment in which the cause of the anomaly is removed, thus improving availability and continuity, and enhancing an integrity monitoring function.

Abstract: A global navigation system includes a first navigation receiver located in a rover and a second navigation receiver located in a base station. Single differences of measurements of satellite signals received at the two receivers are calculated and compared to single differences derived from an observation model. Anomalous measurements are detected and removed prior to performing computations for determining the output position of the rover and resolving integer ambiguities. Detection criteria are based on the residuals between the calculated and the derived single differences. For resolving integer ambiguities, computations based on Cholesky information Kalman filters and Householder transformations are advantageously applied. Changes in the state of the satellite constellation from one epoch to another are included in the computations.

Abstract: An attenuated satellite positioning system (SPS) signal is acquired using long integration over multiple navigation data bits. To produce a stable internal clock signal to perform the long integration, an external clock signal is received from a highly stable source, such as a wireless communication base station or a nearby femtocell. An internal oscillator is driven at a desired frequency that is aligned with the scaled frequency of the external clock signal to produce the stable internal clock signal. The SPS signal is received and integrated for an extended period using the internal clock signal. Predicted SPS data may be received from an external source and used to perform coherent integration. Alternatively, non-coherent integration may be performed. Additionally, a motion sensor may be used to determine if there is motion relative to the external clock source or to compensate for Doppler errors in the external clock signal due to motion.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for determining a non-line of sight (NLOS) state around a GPS receiver. The method may include collecting, from at least one satellite, satellite information including a direction angle, a signal to noise (SNR), and an altitude, selecting a satellite of which the NLOS state is to be determined based on an altitude value of the collected satellite information, and determining whether the selected satellite is in the NLOS state with respect to a direction to the satellite based on the SNR and direction angle included in the satellite information of the selected satellite. According to the present invention, by reducing a location calculation error that occurs due to a distance measurement error when a location is measured, a more precise result of location measurement can be obtained.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a wireless chip which can increase a mechanical strength, and a wireless chip with a high durability. A wireless chip includes a transistor including a field-effect transistor, an antenna including a dielectric layer sandwiched between conductive layers, and a conductive layer connecting the chip and the antenna. Further, a wireless chip includes a transistor including a field-effect transistor, an antenna including a dielectric layer sandwiched between conductive layers, a sensor device, a conductive layer connecting the chip and the antenna, and a conductive layer connecting the chip and the sensor device. Moreover, a wireless chip includes a transistor including a field-effect transistor, an antenna including a dielectric layer sandwiched between conductive layers, a battery, a conductive layer connecting the chip and the antenna, and a conductive layer connecting the chip and the battery.

Abstract: Electronic devices with antennas formed with optically-transparent films and related methods are provided. In this regard, a representative device includes a housing defining a cavity; a display disposed within the cavity; a cover disposed over the display and forming a portion of an exterior of the device; an optically transparent, electrically conductive film disposed within the cavity; and an antenna disposed within the cavity, the antenna being at least partially defined by the film, the film being operative as a ground plane for the antenna.

Abstract: An antenna device for a wireless communication device is disclosed. The antenna device includes a metal plate including a radiating element formed with at least a slot structure and a feed-in terminal and a grounding element, and a connecting unit electrically connected between the grounding element and a system grounding unit of the wireless communication device.

Abstract: A portable terminal is provided. The portable terminal includes a flexible display element, a first antenna element disposed at a first region on the display element, a second antenna element disposed at a foldable second region on the display element to face the first region, and a switch element configured to selectively connect the second antenna element. When the display element is folded or rolled, the first and second antenna elements at least partially overlap each other, and the switch element disconnects the second antenna element. The portable terminal including the antenna device as described above may maintain a stable transmission/reception performance although it includes a flexible display element or a display assembly. When a plurality of antenna elements are provided, the portable terminal may implement a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna device in a state where the display element is extended.

Abstract: A portable terminal employing a near field communication antenna with a heat radiation function is provided. The portable terminal includes a cover provided for the portable terminal, and an antenna device mounted on an inner surface of the cover. The antenna device includes a near field communication antenna coupled to a location on the inner surface of the cover, a shield sheet coupled to an upper surface of the antenna, a heat radiation sheet coupled to an upper surface of the shield sheet so as to discharge heat transmitted from the portable terminal, and a protection cover coupled to an upper surface of the heat radiation sheet.

Abstract: A multiple-band antenna having first and second operating frequency bands is provided. The antenna includes a first patch structure associated primarily with the first operating frequency band, a second patch structure electrically coupled to the first patch structure and associated primarily with the second operating frequency band, a first slot structure disposed between a first portion of the first patch structure and the second patch structure and associated primarily with the first operating frequency band, and a second slot structure disposed between a second portion of the first patch structure and the second patch structure and associated primarily with the second operating frequency band. A mounting structure for the multiple-band antenna is also provided. The mounting structure includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to and overlapping the first surface.

Abstract: A ring antenna has a C-shaped loop element formed on the upper surface of a main body part including a ring-shaped dielectric material having a square cross-sectional shape. A cut part is formed in a portion of this C-shaped loop element, which is formed in the shape of a loop. In addition, an arc-shaped radiation element is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the main body part so as to be concentric with the C-shaped loop element, with a prescribed interval therebetween. The C-shaped loop element is excited by the radiation element. The tip of a feed conductor is connected to a feed part that is connected to one end of the radiation element formed on the lower surface of main body part, and electrical power is fed to the radiation element from the feed conductor.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for a wireless device includes a continuous metallic component electrically connected to a circuit card assembly through an interconnection, an antenna matching circuit electrically connected to the continuous metallic component, a first electrical connection between the continuous metallic component and the interconnection, and at least one additional electrical connection between the interconnection and the circuit card assembly, the antenna matching circuit and the interconnection causing the continuous metallic component to resonate at an at least one desired frequency.

Abstract: An electronic device includes circuit board and a keyboard. The keyboard includes a main body, a plurality of key caps, and an antenna module. The plurality of key caps is located on the main body. The antenna module is located on one of the plurality of key caps. The antenna module is configured to receive signals and sends the signals to the circuit board.

Abstract: A measurement device for operating in high voltage electrical fields such in high voltage electrical switchgear, having a sensor and a ?/2 monopole helical antenna coupled thereto. The antenna is coupled to a ground via return stub in lieu of the common ground plane. The antenna is made of wire having a sufficiently large diameter to prevent forming corona discharge point electrode throughout the outer surface of the volume defined by the antenna, thus minimizing corona discharge risk. The antenna further provide relative immunity from induced voltage at the 50-400 Hz range from the high voltage fields, allowing ESD sensitive devices to operate in close proximity to the high voltage conductors.

Abstract: This invention relates to a miniature multiband antenna, in which a substrate being the carrier of a conductive element, and the conductive element configured as a layer onto the substrate and being the radiator in form of a slot, and a conductive layer configured onto the substrate and being the antenna feed line in form of a polygon patch area. Alternative embodiments illustrate use of slot type—and meander type antennas. The invention may be applied in any kind of electronic equipment, where a high capacity wireless system is required and within a very small physical embodiment.

Abstract: A system includes an antenna array and a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly via the antenna array. The antenna array includes a substrate having first and second ground plates. The antenna array also includes multiple substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna elements located along an edge of the substrate. The antenna array further includes feed lines configured to provide signals to the antenna elements and receive signals from the antenna elements. Each antenna element includes a waveguide between the first and second ground plates and enclosed by vias through the substrate, where the waveguide has one open edge along the edge of the substrate. The system could include multiple antenna arrays, where each antenna array includes multiple SIW antenna elements and the antenna arrays are located along different edges of the substrate.

Abstract: A dielectric wave guide (DWG) has a dielectric core member having that has a first dielectric constant value. A cladding surrounding the dielectric core member has a second dielectric constant value that is lower than the first dielectric constant. A mating end of the DWG is configured in a non-planer shape for mating with a second DWG having a matching non-planar shaped mating end.

Abstract: A dual-polarized dipole antenna including a first pair of dipole arms resonating in a first frequency band, a second pair of dipole arms intersecting the first pair of dipole arms and arranged orthogonally with respect to the first pair of dipole arms, the second pair of dipole arms resonating in the first frequency band and at least one conductive cruciform element mounted on the first and second pairs of dipole arms and resonating in a second frequency band.

Abstract: Systems and methods in which antenna system configurations use over-coupling between a plurality of antenna elements for effectively providing wide-band operation are shown. Such over-coupling comprises a multiple antenna element configuration in which adaptation to one antenna element (e.g., an influencing antenna element) results in substantial operational frequency band adaptation to a second antenna element (e.g., a respondent antenna element). Over-coupling results in a frequency split at the second antenna, whereby the resonate frequency of the antenna element is split into a plurality of frequency bands. By implementing such frequency splitting with respect to otherwise narrow band antenna elements, the over-coupled antenna system may be made to effectively provide wide-band operation.

Abstract: An antenna for receiving radio signals of at least a first frequency band and a second frequency band includes a grounding unit for providing grounding, a connecting unit electrically connected to a first terminal of the grounding unit, a feeding terminal, formed on the connecting unit, for transmitting the radio signals of the first frequency band and the second frequency band, a first radiating element electrically connected between the connecting unit and a second terminal of the grounding unit, and a second radiating element electrically connected between the connecting unit and a third terminal of the grounding unit. Lengths of signal routes from the feeding terminal through the first radiating element and the second radiating element to the grounding unit are substantially equal to a half wavelength of the radio signals of the first frequency band and a half wavelength of the radio signals of the second frequency band, respectively.

Abstract: An antenna is described including a slot formed in a cavity, a substrate configured to cover a portion of the cavity and the slot, and a first port and a second port configured to supply power to the antenna using a first feeding line and a second feeding line. Each of the feeding line and the second feeding line is connected to the slot in a vertical direction and disposed to be separate from one another. A first input impedance of the antenna from the first port differs from a second input impedance of the antenna from the second port.

Abstract: Method and monopole antenna for making uniform the radiation of the antenna, when disposed inside a radome. According to the invention, on the surface of the monopole antenna is formed a protruding longitudinal ridge which is disposed at least approximately opposite an area of the radiating pattern of the assembly radome (1)-monopole antenna having a reduced gain in comparison with the radiating pattern of said monopole antenna alone.

Abstract: The disclosure describes installing an antenna canister in a portion of a concealed antenna pole at a location that is below a top of the pole while the antenna pole is erect and associated components to facilitate the procedure, as well as multi-piece vertical rods, pole mounting bracket assemblies and retrofit kits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a small-cell antenna arrangement. The antenna arrangement comprises an antenna mounting unit and an active antenna element. The antenna mounting unit is arranged with fastening means from which the active antenna element is detachable. Further, the antenna mounting unit is arranged with a signalling interface via which signals are arranged to be transferred between the active antenna element and a remotely located base station with which the antenna arrangement communicates. Moreover, the antenna mounting unit is arranged with an interface via which the active antenna element is powered.

Abstract: A wireless electronic device may be provided with antenna structures. The antenna structures may be formed from an antenna ground and an array of antenna resonating elements. The antenna resonating elements may be electrically connected to the antenna ground using solder. The antenna resonating elements may be formed from metal traces on a dielectric support structure that surrounds the antenna ground. The antenna ground may be formed form stamped sheet metal and may have slanted steps adjacent to the antenna resonating elements. To form a solder joint between the metal antenna resonating element traces and the sheet metal of the antenna ground, laser light may be applied to the sheet metal of the antenna ground in the vicinity of the solder paste. Separate metal members may also be provided in the vicinity of the solder paste and may be heated using the laser to join metal traces on plastic carriers.