Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a light emitting diode (LED), a carriage, light receiving elements, a clamp circuit, an A/D convertor, and an image correction unit. The image correction unit is configured to: detect a document area where the reflected light is abnormal by comparing first image data with second image data; and replace the first image data corresponding to the abnormal document area with third image data. The first image data is generated by movement of the carriage in a sub-scanning direction of a first direction. The second image data is generated by movement of the carriage in the sub-scanning direction of a second direction at a reduced luminescence level of the capturing light illuminated on the document compared with a luminescence level in the movement of the carriage in the first direction. The third image data is the second image data where at least brightness is adjusted.

Abstract: An illuminating device capable of stably illuminating an irradiated object such as a document while suppressing light loss with a simply structure is provided. An LED array (71) and a reflective plate (73) are disposed sandwiching a slit (St) through which light reflected by a document MS passes and a light-guiding member (72) is disposed on the side of the LED array (71). The light-guiding member (72) includes a direct emission unit (77) disposed between an illumination range y centered on a document reading position and the LED array (71) and an indirect emission unit (78) disposed between the reflective plate (73) and the LED array (71), a light incidence face of the direct emission unit (77) and a light incidence face of the indirect emission unit (78) are disposed at mutually different position around the LED array (71), and the LED array (71) is disposed on a side of an interior angle formed by the light incidence faces.

Abstract: An image data output unit including an output-side processing section for performing a plurality of processing operations on image data, and an imaging unit including an imaging-side processing section for performing a given processing operation on image data outputted from the image data output unit and an imaging operation section for performing an imaging operation based on the image data outputted from the imaging-side processing section are provided. An amount of data to be transferred per unit time of processed image data that will result when the processing operations are performed on the image data at the output-side processing section is compared with a transferable amount of data transmission per unit time between the image data output unit and the imaging unit, and each of the processing operations is allocated to the output-side processing section or the imaging-side processing section based on the result of the comparison.

Abstract: An overhead scanner successively obtains a plurality of images by controlling an area sensor, calculates a movement pattern by image difference extraction by using the obtained images, detects a page turning movement on the basis of the movement pattern, and determines that a read operation be started when the page turning movement is detected.

Abstract: An image forming section includes a bearing member configured to bear an image, and a plurality of light-emitting-element groups each having a plurality of light emitting elements arranged linearly in an arrangement direction. The image forming section forms an image on the bearing member by using the light-emitting-element groups to transfer the image on a sheet. The reader reads an image on a sheet. When executed by the processor, the instructions cause the processor to perform: a pattern reading process of controlling the reader to read a pattern image, the pattern image being an image for detecting density deviation and formed on the sheet by using the light-emitting-element groups; and a calculating process of calculating an amount of density deviation of each of the light-emitting-element groups based on a reading result by the pattern reading process. Each light-emitting-element group is a unit of calculation of the amount of density deviation.

Abstract: An image scanning apparatus includes a document holder and a scanner module movably installed in the document holder, A multi-function apparatus may further include the image scanning apparatus. While the scanner module passes over the lower side of a document guide provided between a first glass and a second glass provided at the document holder, spacers installed at opposite ends of the scanner module are moved downward by guide members provided at the document guide, thereby preventing spacer portions provided at an upper end of the respective spacers from being caught by the document guide.

Abstract: A reading apparatus includes a reading unit and a movement-restriction unit that restricts a movement of the reading unit. The reading unit includes a reading portion for reading an image, a holding portion that holds the reading portion. The holding portion has a first surface. The reading unit further includes a sliding portion that moves in contact with the movement-restriction unit. The sliding portion has a second surface facing the first surface. A first region is provided between the first surface of the holding portion and the second surface of the sliding portion so as to form a predetermined gap.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method includes estimating a quantity of toner to be used to print a job at a printer by calculating a buildup of toner at edges of data on each page of the print job.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a document table, an image reading portion, a cover member, a reading control portion, and a document determination portion. On a color reference surface of the cover member which opposes to a document table, a partial region is provided which has a predetermined density different from a density of the color reference surface. The reading control portion reads image data from the color reference surface and the partial region of the cover member by the image reading portion. When a density difference between a density of the color reference surface and a density of the partial region on the image data read by the reading control portion is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold value, the document determination portion determines that the document placed on the document placement surface is a book document.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing a volume hologram laminate which can regenerate a hologram image in an arbitrary wavelength by a simple process. To attain the object, the present invention provides a method of producing a volume hologram laminate using a volume hologram forming substrate which comprises: a substrate, a volume hologram layer formed on the substrate and containing a photopolymerizable material, a resin layer, formed on the substrate so as to contact to the volume hologram layer, containing a resin and a polymerizable compound, characterized in that the producing method comprises processes of: a hologram recording process to record a volume hologram to the volume hologram layer, a substance transit process of transiting the polymerizable compound to the volume hologram layer, and an after-treatment process of polymerizing the polymerizable compound.

Abstract: This invention offers the construction of the holographic screen exposing and capturing three-dimensional video images. Exposing holographic screen is the construction comprising two screens placed on the certain distance from each another. The rear screen is the matrix of the light emitting elements. The front screen is the matrix of the light transmitting elements. In the certain moment the matrix of the rear screen provide the introjection of the image passing through the transparent point of the front screen making the anisotropic emission of the desired configuration. In the next time slice the introjection of the next image occurs through the neighboring point etc. The construction of the capturing holographic screen is the same with the construction of the exposing holographic screen, but the rear screen is the light absorbing matrix instead of the light emitting.

Abstract: The present invention provides a digital hologram recording system and a numerical reconstruction method for a hologram, which are used for capturing an image of an object and recording it as a holographic data. Said system comprises: signal light, formed after irradiating the object with a light source; an image detector, for recording interference fringes of the signal light; and a light pipe, arranged in a path of the signal light and located between the object and the image detector, wherein the light pipe has a reflection surface, and a part of the signal light enters the image detector after reflected by the reflection surface of the light pipe. The present invention can make the collected signal equivalent to several times of the pixel counts of the image detector, thereby able to break through the spatial bandwidth limitation and shortening the amount of time required to measure the hologram.

Abstract: A beam scanning type display apparatus includes a reflection angle variable mirror that scans a beam light, at least two light detectors disposed at a predetermined distance in a beam scanning direction of the mirror that detects a light amount of screen reflection light, a distortion correction calculation unit that obtains a drive correction value of the mirror by calculating an irradiation distance and a screen inclination, from a light amount of a reflection light detected by the light detectors at two different scanning timings and an inclination angle of the mirror at this time, and a mirror driving unit that controls an inclination angle of the mirror by the drive correction value. A drive correction value of the mirror driving unit is obtained at a plurality of timings of a scanning period of beam light, and beam light is scanned at the corrected inclination angle of the mirror.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light field display device (300) comprising an array of light field display elements (310) populating a display surface, each display element (310) comprising: a beam generator (522) for generating an output beam of light; a radiance modulator (524) for modulating the radiance of the beam over time; a focus modulator (530) for modulating the focus of the beam over time; and a scanner (504, 506) for scanning the beam across a two-dimensional angular field.

Abstract: A drive apparatus and a beam-steering apparatus fabricated from a MEMS process. The apparatus has a first layer, a second layer and a plurality of fluid-filled volumes defined there between. A plurality of flexible structures such as bellows structures are defined on the first layer and are configured whereby a predetermined pressure in each of the volumes results in a predetermined displacement of the flexible structures. Pressurization means selectively changes the pressures in each of the volumes to define the predetermined displacement of the flexible structures. An electromagnetically reflective or mirror element and a plurality of drive beams are affixed to the reflective element and to one of the plurality of flexible structures whereby selected pressurization of the fluid in the volumes causes a predetermined displacement of the flexible structure to displace the reflective element about the plane of its surface.

Abstract: A rearview mirror reflective element assembly for an exterior mirror assembly of a vehicle includes a mirror reflective element having a principal mirror and an auxiliary wide angle spotter mirror. A curved recess is established at a spotter portion of a rear surface of a glass substrate of the mirror reflective element. A spotter mirror reflector coating is established at at least a portion of the curved recess to establish the auxiliary wide angle spotter mirror. A principal mirror reflector coating is established at a surface of the mirror reflective element to establish the principal mirror. A portion of the curved recess is substantially not coated with the spotter mirror reflector coating or a portion of the spotter mirror reflector coating is at least partially hidden from view of a person viewing the front of the mirror reflective element by a coating of the mirror reflective element.

Abstract: Provided is an acousto-optic device including an elastic medium; a meta structure formed on a first surface of the elastic medium, and an elastic-wave generating unit which generates an elastic wave in the elastic medium. The meta structure includes a first layer and a second layer that is formed on the first layer. The at least one of the first layer and the second layer includes a predetermined repetitive pattern.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for enhancing the brightness and/or contrast ratio of display devices. In one aspect, the display devices can include an annular diffuser that is configured to scatter light into a ring shaped region. The annular diffuser can include a plurality of axicon lenses or holographic features. The reflective display can include an annular diffuser to shift the direction along which most of the modulated light is scattered away from the direction along which light is specularly reflected by the display devices to reduce specular glare and enhance brightness and/or contrast ratio.

Abstract: An electrophoretic particle includes a polymer having at least a reactive compound represented by the following Formula (I) as a polymerizable component, at least on a surface: wherein in Formula (I), Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon group, Y represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon group, and Z represents a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: Particles for display include a copolymer that contains at least, as copolymer constituents, a reactive compound containing a silicone chain or an alkyl chain and a vinyl compound represented by Formula (1), wherein a content of the reactive compound containing a silicone chain or an alkyl chain is 3.0% by weight or less with respect to the weight of the particles: Ar?H2C?CH2)n??Formula (1) wherein in Formula (1), Ar represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring or an aromatic ring that is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer from 1 to 4.

Abstract: A color filter used for a display element formed in combination with a display layer that displays white and black, includes only a first subsidiary pixel displaying a first color as a coloring pixel, and a second subsidiary pixel displaying a second color being a complementary color of the first color.

Abstract: Ink jet printing can be used in the production of electro-optic displays for (a) forming a layer of a polymer-dispersed electrophoretic medium on a substrate; (b) forming a color electro-optic layer; (c) forming a color filter; and (d) printing electrodes and/or associated conductors on a layer of electro-optic material.

Abstract: An optical amplification component 1 includes a heat dissipation plate 10 and an amplification optical fiber 20 arranged on the heat dissipation plate 10. A first fiber portion 20A extending from a reference position RP between a first end E1 and a second end E2 of the amplification optical fiber 20 toward the first end E1 and a second fiber portion 20B extending from the reference position RP toward the second end E2 are wound in a spiral around the reference position RP so as to be along each other as well as not to overlap with each other, and the distance between the first fiber portion 20A and the second fiber portion 20B increases toward the ends thereof.

Abstract: A multi-core amplification optical fiber includes a plurality of rare-earth-doped core portions and a cladding portion positioned at an outer periphery of the core portions and having refractive index lower than those of the core portions. When a doping concentration of the rare-earth of each of the core portions is 250 ppm to 2000 ppm, a relative refractive index difference of each of the core portions relative to the cladding portion is 0.5% to 2% at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and a core diameter of each of the core portions is 1 ?m to 5 ?m, a separation distance between each of the core portions and adjacent one of the core portions is set at equal to or larger than 30 ?m and at equal to or smaller than 60 ?m so that a light-crosstalk between the adjacent core portions is equal to or lower than ?30 dB.

Abstract: An afocal telescope configured for back-scanned imagery including a three mirror anastigmat and an optical element positioned proximate an intermediate image plane of the three mirror anastigmat and configured to adjust distortion characteristics of the afocal telescope to control image wander on a focal plane array. The optical element may be a field correcting lens or mirror, for example.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a highly reflective multiband mirror that is reflective in the VIS-NIR_SWIR-MWIR-LWIR bands, the mirror being a complete thin film stack that consists of a plurality of layers on a selected substrate. In order from substrate to the final layer, the mirror consists of (a) substrate, (b) barrier layer, (c) first interface layer, (d) a reflective layer, (e) a second interface layer, (f) tuning layer(s) and (g) a protective layer. In some embodiments the tuning layer and the protective are combined into a single layer using a single coating material. The multiband mirror is more durable than existing mirrors on light weight metal substrates, for example 6061-Al, designed for similar applications. In each of the five layer types methods and materials are used to process each layer so as to achieve the desired layer characteristics, which aid to enhancing the durability performance of the stack.

Abstract: An infrared-reflective film includes a substrate film composed of a polyolefin film or a polycycloolefin film. The substrate film has two main surfaces and an infrared-reflective layer is formed on one main surface and the other main surface faces air, nitrogen gas, inert gas or a vacuum. A surface of the infrared-reflective layer faces either of air, nitrogen gas, inert gas or a vacuum.

Abstract: A wide-field optical microscope and method capable of resolving images down to 0.1 ? with a magnification range in excess of 250 million power includes an objective having a primary and a secondary element. A sample is held so that the area of interest is at a location that is closer to the primary element than the focal length of the primary element. The primary element collects and collimates light reflected from the sample. The secondary element then focuses the collimated light onto a pinhole aperture, which blocks all light rays that were not parallel, thus producing a non-focused reflected pattern. The non-focused reflected pattern passes through a field stop and is then magnified by one or more negative optical elements and additional field stops to produce an enlarged pattern.

Abstract: In an automated process of handling slides, such as in an imaging system, a slide hander must be able to get a hold of, lift up, and move slides, with tissues samples thereon, to multiple locations quickly and efficiently. To perform this function, the arm of the slide handler needs to be free to move from one location to the next and to advantageously respond in the event of encountering any unexpected or misplaced objects and/or other obstacles without jamming, being damaged and/or causing damage to a slide. A system described herein provides for the use of a slide handler having a crash head assembly with a spring-loaded flexible joint that may disengage if an unexpected obstacle is encountered and spring back to its proper location once the obstacle is cleared. Additionally, because the crash head assembly can flex, it is less likely to break or chip the glass slides.

Abstract: The invention realizes a screen in which the luminous intensity of scattered light emitted from the screen is made more uniform. The screen diffuses incident light that is irradiated from an incident surface and emits light from an emission surface that is opposite the incident surface. The screen is provided with: a first light-diffusing area (402) formed on the incident-surface side and provided with a mirror (403) that reflects a portion of the incident light (404), and a second light-diffusing area (401) formed on the emission-surface side and that scatters incident light that includes the light reflected from the mirror.

Abstract: A translucent liquid crystal display panel (2) includes pixel pairs as display units each formed by a left-eye pixel (4L) and a right-eye pixel (4R) and arranged in a matrix shape. A through hole (4Ld) arranged in a color layer (4Lc) of a color filter has a slit shape whose longitudinal direction is identical to the orientation direction of a cylindrical lens (3a) constituting a lenticular lens (3). Similarly, a through hole (4Rd) arranged in a color layer (4Rc) of a color filter has a slit shape whose longitudinal direction is identical to the orientation direction of the cylindrical lens (3a) constituting the lenticular lens (3). This suppresses the phenomenon that a hue is changed by a field-of-view angle and/or an external light condition on the translucent display panel capable of displaying an image directed to a plurality of viewpoints.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display device includes: a display panel on which pixels each constituted with a plurality of sub-pixels formed with electro-optic elements by corresponding to parallax images are arranged in matrix; and an optical module which distributes light emitted from the pixels arranged in the first and second directions to different directions from each other along the first and second directions, respectively. The display panel includes first and second non-control regions which are the regions existing between boundaries of apertures of the sub-pixels where control of electric-optic conversion cannot be done. An intersection part of the first and second non-control regions is disposed on a lattice point that is an intersection point of segments in a unit lattice constituted with lattice lines, and the first or the second non-control region is bent at least once within the unit lattice with respect to the lattice lines.

Abstract: A directional display may include a waveguide. The waveguide may include light extraction features arranged to direct light from an array of light sources by total internal reflection to an array of viewing windows and a reflector arranged to direct light from the waveguide by transmission through extraction features of the waveguide to the same array of viewing windows. The brightness of the directional display can be increased. An efficient and bright autostereoscopic display system can be achieved.

Abstract: A broadband partial reflector includes a multilayer polymeric optical film having a total number of optical repeating units that monotonically increases in thickness value from a first side to a second side of the multilayer polymeric optical film. A baseline optical repeating unit thickness profile is defined by a first plurality of optical repeating units and having a first average slope, and a first apodized thickness profile of the multilayer polymeric optical film is defined by a second plurality of optical repeating units having a second average slope being at least 5 times greater than the first average slope. The second plurality of optical repeating units define the first side of the multilayer polymeric optical film and join the first plurality of optical repeating units. The second plurality of optical repeating units are in a range from 3-15% of the total number of optical repeating units.

Abstract: There is provided an optical film. The optical film includes at least one retardation film and at least one isotropic layer made of an isotropic material, herein the difference in average refractive index between the retardation film and the isotropic layer is at least 0.1 or more. Also, the method of adjusting wavelength dispersion characteristics of an optical film includes: stacking an isotropic layer onto a retardation film. The present invention provides a method for preparing optical films having variety of wavelength dispersion characteristics by the simple method of coating the retardation film with the isotropic layer.

Abstract: A system and method for stabilizing WBC systems utilizing retro reflectors.

Abstract: A microdrape 10 covers a surgical microscope system 60 including a surgical microscope 61 and a pair of binoculars 62 independently supported by an arm structure 64. The microdrape 10 has an opening end 6 and a closed end opposite to the opening end 6. The microdrape 10 includes: a cylindrical bag shaped main body 10a having the opening end 6; a first cylindrical bag 1 connected to the main body, 10a wherein the first cylindrical bag 1 has a hood for covering a lens tube of an objective lens 61a of the surgical microscope 61 and projecting portions 9a, 9b for covering lens tubes of eyeglasses 61b of the surgical microscope 61; and a second cylindrical bag 2 connected to the main body 10a, where the second cylindrical bag 2 has projecting portions 9c, 9d for covering lens tubes of eyeglasses 62a of the binoculars 62. A slit 5 is formed between the first cylindrical bag 1 and the second cylindrical bag 2.

Abstract: A corner reflector (e.g. a periscope) is made of a prism block having a viewing-in end and a viewing-out end with mirrored inclined surfaces or deflection mirrors applied on its inclined surfaces and also functional plates arranged in front of the viewing-in end and/or the viewing-out end. In the corner reflector, as far as possible, no signs of detachment of the deflection mirrors arranged thereon or of functional plates occur and which has an increased lifetime, which is achieved by all plate-shaped components, such as the deflection mirrors and the functional plates. All solid components of the corner reflector, such as the prism block, are made of plastic.

Abstract: An optical waveguide is provided having at least first and second diffraction regions, the first diffraction region being arranged to diffract image-bearing light propagating along the waveguide so as to expand it in a first dimension and to turn the image-bearing light towards the second diffraction region, the second diffraction region being arranged to diffract the image-bearing light so as to expand it in a second dimension and to release it from the waveguide as a visible image. The first diffraction region is formed by first diffraction grating embedded within the waveguide, arranged to present a substantially similar profile to the image-bearing light when incident upon the grating from a given angle above or below the grating such that the polarisation of the image bearing light is rotated by substantially similar amounts, but in opposite directions, by successive interactions with the first diffraction region.

Abstract: A wavelength variable interference filter includes a first drive electrode electrically connected to a first reflective film and a second drive electrode electrically connected to a second reflective film. The thickness of the first drive electrode is greater than the thickness of the first reflective film, and the thickness of the second drive electrode is greater than the thickness of the second reflective film. The first drive electrode has a first step portion having a thickness smaller than the thickness of the first reflective film in an end portion connected to the first reflective film, and the second drive electrode has a second step portion having a thickness smaller than the thickness of the second reflective film in an end portion connected to the second reflective film.

Abstract: The thickness of a first drive electrode is greater than the sum of the thickness of a first reflective film and the thickness of a first conductive film, the first drive electrode extends from the surface of a fixed substrate to the surface of the outer edge portion of the first conductive film and is in contact with the first conductive film, the thickness of a second drive electrode is greater than the sum of the thickness of a second reflective film and the thickness of a second conductive film, and the second drive electrode extends from the surface of a movable substrate to the surface of the outer edge portion of the second conductive film and is in contact with the second conductive film.

Abstract: A variable-wavelength interference filter includes a pair of substrates, a pair of reflection films provided on these substrates, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first conduction electrode provided on the first substrate and provided from the first electrode up to an outer peripheral edge side of the first substrate over the first electrode, a second conduction electrode provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the first conduction electrode. The first substrate has a first conduction electrode surface facing a contact surface where the first conduction electrode and the second conduction electrode contact each other. The second substrate has a second conduction electrode surface facing the contact surface. A minimum distance from the first conduction electrode surface to the second conduction electrode surface is different from a minimum distance from the first bonding surface to the second bonding surface.

Abstract: An etalon has a pair of transparent components; a ring-shaped piezoelectric member which is provided between the pair of transparent components, which is bonded to the pair of transparent components, and which is provided with metal films on the surfaces which face the transparent component sides; and the external connecting terminals which are provided on the transparent components and which are connected to the metal films.

Abstract: An optical substrate having a structured prismatic surface and an opposing structured lenticular surface. The structured lenticular surface includes shallow-curved lens structures. Adjacent shallow-curved lens structure may be continuous or contiguous, or separated by a constant or variable spacing. The lens structure may have a longitudinal structure with a uniform or varying cross section. The lenticular lenses may have a laterally meandering structure. Sections of adjacent straight or meandering lenticular lenses may intersect or partially or completely overlap each other. The lenticular lenses may be in the form of discontinuous lenticular segments. The lenticular segments may have regular, symmetrical shapes, or irregular, asymmetrical shapes, which may be intersecting or overlapping, and may be textured. The lens structure may be provided with isolated ripples, in the form of a single knot, or a series of knots.

Abstract: An optical member of the present technique is an optical member that has an anti-reflective structure being optimum for use with an optical system such as an imaging device. The optical member includes: a first face and a second face opposing to each other; a first microstructure part formed at the first face, and including a plurality of unit structures arranged in the first microstructure part; and a second microstructure part formed at the second face, and including a plurality of unit structures arranged in the second microstructure part. The pitch of the unit structures forming the first microstructure part and the pitch of the unit structures forming the second microstructure part are different from each other.

Abstract: A telescopic sight includes a main body, a positioning-adjustable member, and a sunshade hood. The main body includes a lens chamber and an enclosure, and the enclosure covers the lens chamber and includes at least one slot. The positioning-adjustable member is movably disposed in the slot. The sunshade hood includes at least one hole corresponding to the positioning-adjustable member, and the positioning-adjustable member is partially disposed in the hole.

Abstract: Various embodiments are disclosed herein that relate to coupling light into waveguides in a near-eye display device in a manner configured to be tolerant to misalignment of the waveguides with each other and/or other optics. For example, one disclosed embodiment provides a near-eye display device comprising one or more waveguides, wherein each waveguide comprises a light input coupling configured to receive light at a first side of the waveguide to couple the light into the waveguide, and a light output coupling configured to emit light from the waveguide at a second side of the waveguide, the second side of the waveguide being opposite the first side of the waveguide.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed herein that relate to optical systems for augmented reality display systems. For example, one disclosed embodiment provides a near-eye display system including a prism having a light input interface side configured to receive light from an image source, the prism being configured to first internally reflect the light from the image source and then emit the light from the image source out of a light output interface side of the prism after internally reflecting the light from the image source. The optical system also includes a reflective combiner positioned to receive the light emitted from the light output interface side of the prism, and to reflect the light back through the prism.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a co-molded lens assembly comprising injecting a first material in a complete bezel mold having a bezel injection half and a bezel ejection half to form a bezel, and then injecting a second material in a complete optics mold to form a lens that is co-molded to the bezel. A third material is injected in a complete gasket mold to co-mold a gasket to the bezel.

Abstract: There are provided a lens that is molded with high accuracy and a method of molding the lens. The lens has an optical axis and includes a pair of optical functional surfaces on front and rear surfaces thereof. The lens includes an optical functional portion that includes the pair of optical functional surfaces, an edge portion that is provided at an outer periphery of the optical functional portion, and a connecting portion that is provided between the optical functional portion and the edge portion, connects the optical functional portion with the edge portion, and is thinner than the edge portion in a direction of the optical axis.