Abstract: A digital class D amplifier (10) is disclosed, comprising a pulse width modulator (PW Mod) comprising: a digital loop filter (Loop F) adapted to receive an input signal (x[n]) and a feedback signal (fb[n]), the digital loop filter (Loop_F) being adapted to process at a clock frequency (f_s) said input and feedback signals for providing as output a filtered digital signal (w[n]); a PWM conversion module (PW_CM) having an input (24) for receiving the filtered digital signal (w[n]) and having a first output (25) connected to the digital loop filter (Loop F), the PWM conversion module being adapted for processing the filtered digital signal (w[n]) and providing at said first output (25) the feedback signal (fb[n]).

Abstract: A semiconductor circuit which can have stable input output characteristics is provided. Specifically, a semiconductor circuit in which problems caused by the leakage current of a switching element are suppressed is provided. A field-effect transistor in which a wide band gap semiconductor, such as an oxide semiconductor, is used in a semiconductor layer where a channel is formed is used for a switching element included in a switched capacitor circuit. Such a transistor has a small leakage current in an off state. When the transistor is used as a switching element, a semiconductor circuit which has stable input output characteristics and in which problems caused by the leakage current are suppressed can be fabricated.

Abstract: The invention provides a semiconductor integrated circuit device and a high-frequency power amplifier module capable of reducing variations in the transmission power characteristics. The semiconductor integrated circuit device and the high-frequency power amplifier module each include, for example, a bandgap reference circuit, a regulator circuit, and a reference-voltage correction circuit which is provided between the bandgap reference circuit and the regulator circuit and which includes a unity gain buffer. The reference-voltage correction circuit corrects variations in a bandgap voltage from the bandgap reference circuit. The reference-voltage correction circuit includes first to third resistance paths having mutually different resistance values, and corrects the variations by selectively supplying a current which reflects an output voltage of the unity gain buffer to any one of the first to third resistance paths.

Abstract: A circuit, comprising a semiconductor device with one or more field gate terminals for controlling the electric field in a drift region of the semiconductor device; and a feedback circuit configured to dynamically control a bias voltage or voltages applied to the field gate terminal or terminals, with different control voltages used for different semiconductor device characteristics in real-time in response to a time-varying signal at a further node in the circuit.

Abstract: A power amplifier apparatus includes an amplifier configured to amplify an input signal converted into an analog signal, a distortion compensator circuitry configured to perform a pre-distortion process to an input signal at a second sampling rate higher than a first sampling rate at which the input signal is converted into an analog signal, a remover configured to remove a frequency component exceeding a frequency band corresponding to the first sampling rate from the input signal subjected to the pre-distortion process, a first rate converter configured to convert a sampling rate of the input signal from which the frequency component is removed from the second sampling rate to the first sampling rate, and a first signal converter configured to convert the input signal the sampling rate of which is converted into an analog signal at the first sampling rate to supply the input signal converted into the analog signal to the amplifier.

Abstract: A Doherty amplifier has different drain voltages applied to the power transistors of the main and peaking stages. The impedance inverter comprises at least one first series phase shifting element between the output of the main amplifier and the Doherty amplifier output and at least one second series phase shifting element between the output of the peaking amplifier and the Doherty amplifier output. This provides a wideband combiner. The combination of this wideband combiner and different drain drive levels provides an improved combination of efficiency and bandwidth.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new structure of Doherty power amplifier. The present invention reduces use of ¼ wavelength lines and lowers the Q point of the Doherty power amplifier. The present method extends the DPA bandwidth with a simpler and more convenient design and facilitates the design of a narrowed size.

Abstract: The invention provides a bipolar transistor circuit and a method of controlling a bipolar transistor, in which the bipolar transistor has a gate terminal for controlling the electric field in a collector region of the transistor. The bias voltage applied to the gate terminal is controlled to achieve different transistor characteristics.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for radio frequency (RF) amplifiers are disclosed herein. In certain implementations, a packaged RF amplifier includes a first bipolar transistor including a base electrically connected to an RF input pin and a collector electrically connected to an RF output pin, and a second bipolar transistor including a base electrically connected to an emitter of the first bipolar transistor and a collector electrically connected to the RF output pin. The packaged RF amplifier further includes a first bias circuit electrically connected between the base of the first bipolar transistor and the RF output pin, a second bias circuit electrically connected between the base of the first bipolar transistor and a power low pin, an inductor implemented at least partly by a bond wire, and a third bias circuit electrically connected in series with the inductor between the base of the second bipolar transistor and the power low pin.

Abstract: A circuit may include a digitally-controlled oscillator including a coarse frequency-tuning array with a multiple selectable coarse frequency-tuning segments. Each of the coarse frequency-tuning segments may have a coarse segment frequency step size. The digitally-controlled oscillator may also include a fine frequency-tuning array with multiple selectable fine frequency-tuning segments. The fine frequency-tuning array may have a fine array frequency step size that is at least twice the coarse segment frequency step size. The digitally-controlled oscillator may be configured to generate an output signal with a frequency based on the coarse frequency-tuning array and the fine frequency-tuning array.

Abstract: A low phase noise dual mode resonator and a method of making and using said resonator is disclosed. The dual mode resonator is capable of sustaining two frequency vibration modes simultaneously. The two frequency vibration modes are capable of exhibit non-linear coupling when one is driven at a higher voltage than the other. The dual mode resonator is configured such that the ratio of the two vibration frequency modes is a value that maximizes the non-linear coupling effect. As a result of the non-linear effect, the phase noise on the mode that is not overdriven is reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a frequency generator assembly, including at least one oscillator and an electronic signal processing device, which is designed in such a way that the electronic signal processing device provides an electric clock signal (f) having a defined frequency as an output signal of the frequency generator assembly, wherein the defined frequency depends on the vibration frequency of the oscillator, wherein the oscillator includes at least one micromechanical seismic mass which is vibrationally excited by at least one driving device, whereupon the electronic signal processing device generates and provides the electric clock signal (f) according to the vibration frequency of the at least one seismic mass.

Abstract: A physical system for a chip-scale coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic clock. The physical system includes: a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) device, a first polarizing beam splitter, a first ?/4 wave plate, a chip of an atomic vapor cell, a second ?/4 wave plate, a reflection device, a lens, a second polarizing beam splitter, and a photo detector. The first polarizing beam splitter, the first ?/4 wave plate, the chip of the atomic vapor cell, the second ?/4 wave plate, and the reflection device are disposed in sequence. The lens, the second polarizing beam splitter, and the photo detector are disposed in sequence.

Abstract: A resistance adjusting circuit including, a reference resistor, a first power source configured to output a first voltage, a first current source configured to output a first current based on a reference current set by using the reference resistor, a first variable resistor, a second current source configured to output a second current obtained by multiplying the first current by a reciprocal ratio, the reciprocal ratio being obtained as a reciprocal number of a ratio of a target resistance of the first variable resistor to a resistance of the reference resistor, and a controller configured to set a resistance of the first variable resistor so that a voltage at a second terminal of the reference resistor and a voltage at a connecting part of the first variable resistor and the second current source become equal to each other.

Abstract: Techniques for providing low-cost and effective jammer rejection for a radio receiver. In an aspect, a notch filter is provided between a transformer and a differential mixer in the receiver. The notch frequency of the notch filter may be selected to correspond to an expected jammer frequency to effectively attenuate the jammer signal prior to down-conversion mixing by the mixer. The notch filter may be implemented using various techniques, e.g., an L-C combination having adjustable capacitance, and/or elliptic or Chebyshev filters.

Abstract: A balancing circuit comprises a first conductor path and a second conductor path. The first and second conductor paths are arranged in parallel with one another with respect to a signal flow. The first conductor path and the second conductor path are formed by a first stage and a second stage. The first conductor path has a high-pass member that is assigned to the first stage and a high-pass member that is assigned to the second stage. The second conductor path has a low-pass member that is assigned to the first stage and a low-pass member that is assigned to the second stage. Each high-pass member is designed to shift a signal forward in terms of phase by a predetermined amount, and each low-pass member is designed to shift a signal backward in terms of phase by a predetermined amount, in order to generate a balanced or unbalanced signal.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed toward systems and method for manufacturing low cost passive waveguide components. For example, various embodiments relate to low cost manufacturing of passive waveguide components, including without limitation, waveguide filters, waveguide diplexers, waveguide multiplexers, waveguide bends, waveguide transitions, waveguide spacers, and antenna adapters. Some embodiments comprise manufacturing a passive waveguide component by creating a non-conductive structure using a low cost fabrication technology, such as injection molding or three-dimensional (3D) printing, and then forming a conductive layer over the non-conductive structure such that the conductive layer creates an electrical feature of the passive waveguide component.

Abstract: The high frequency circuit module includes an RFIC configured to transmit and receive a high frequency signal, a power amplifier IC configured to amplify a transmission signal outputted from the RFIC, and a duplexers configured to separate the transmission signal outputted from the power amplifier IC and inputted to an antenna and a reception signal from the antenna and inputted to the RFIC from each other, in which at least one of the RFIC and power amplifier IC is embedded in the circuit substrate, and the duplexers are disposed between the RFIC and the power amplifier IC.

Abstract: A filter includes a multilayer body including a plurality of insulator layers stacked on top of one another. Outer electrodes are provided on surfaces of the multilayer body. A first resonator is connected to a first one of the outer electrodes and includes a first coil. A second resonator is connected to a second one of the outer electrodes and includes a second coil. A third resonator includes a third coil that is magnetically coupled with the first and second coils. The first and second coils are respectively defined by coil conductor layers provided on an insulator layer. The third coil is defined by via hole conductors that penetrate through the insulator layer in a z-axis direction.

Abstract: A microwave filter has a housing defining an inner cavity. A first resonator is positioned in a first portion of the inner cavity. A second resonator is positioned in a second portion of the inner cavity. A third resonator is positioned in a third portion of the inner cavity. The first resonator and the third resonator are cross-coupled via an iris. The second resonator is elongated and is coupled to the first resonator and the third resonator. The resulting microwave filter has a frequency response having a transmission zero in the lower stopband. A high-pass filter is realized without the use of a cross-coupling probe.

Abstract: This invention provides novel combline resonators with multiple conductors and multiple dielectrics for compact filters and multiplexers with improved electric response. The novel combline resonator consists of multi-conductors being made up for the simplest case of an inner metallic post, an intermediate conductor, and an enclosure. This structure provides two resonant modes that can be used for realizing compact microwave filters and multiplexers. Such filters offer the low cost, compact size and ease of manufacturing features of traditional combline resonator filters, with additional size reduction due to the fact that a single physical cavity provides two electrical resonators. In addition, the new cavity inherently introduces a transmission zero in the guard-bands enhancing the filter selectivity.

Abstract: Air circuit breaker coil adapter for adapting an air circuit breaker, comprises: a coil unit housing for releasably receiving an air circuit breaker coil unit, the coil unit housing having a coil retainer element for preventing or limiting upward movement of an air circuit breaker coil unit therein; a locator at a bottom end of the coil unit housing for positively locating the coil unit housing in a plunger aperture of an air circuit breaker housing, the locator having a plunger aperture therethrough by which an interior of the coil unit housing is in-use communicable with an interior of the air circuit breaker housing; and a housing retainer element for at least in part preventing or limiting vertical displacement of the coil unit housing. An air circuit breaker using such an adapter and a method of adapting an air circuit breaker are also provided.

Abstract: A device and method for switching electrical load circuits involve the use of an overload contact integrated in an exciting current circuit of a magnetic coil. The electrical load circuits include an electromagnetic contactor having a magnetic drive formed from a magnet yoke with a magnet coil and a magnet armature to which a contact bridge is coupled as a movable contactor contact by a contact retainer. In the switched-on state the contactor generates a magnetic retaining force for contacting the contact bridge with fixed contacts. The retaining force results from a magnetic field generated by the magnet coil, and the retaining force is greater than an armature opening force. The overload contact is integrated in the exciting current circuit of the magnet coil in such a manner that that when the exciting current circuit is closed and a movement of the contact bridge against the magnetic retaining force occurs, the magnet coil can be short-circuited by closing the overload contact.

Abstract: A switching device having a housing; a first and second contact, at least one of the contacts movable, both in contact when switched-on and not in contact when switched-off; an arc driver assembly producing a magnetic field at least in the area of the contact pair; a first arc conducting assembly which produces an arc between the contacts in a first current direction conducted to a first quenching apparatus for quenching the arc; and a second arc conducting assembly which produces an arc between the contacts with a second current direction opposite the first current direction conducted to a second quenching apparatus, the two arc conducting assemblies each comprising at least two conducting plates, of which at least a first is immovably in the housing and a second is connected at least partially rigidly to a bridge assembly and is movably arranged in the housing.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an apparatus and method for axially supporting a shaft. In one aspect, a magnetic suspension system for supporting a shaft in a housing is provided. The magnetic suspension system includes an array of magnet members disposed between the shaft and the housing. The array of magnet members comprising a first magnet member, a second magnet member, and a third magnet member, wherein the first magnet member and the second magnet member generate a first force that is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the shaft and the second magnet member and the third magnet member generate a second force that is substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the shaft The first force and the second force are configured to position the shaft axially within the housing. In another aspect, a method of supporting a shaft along a longitudinal axis of a housing is provided. In a further aspect, a suspension system for supporting a shaft in a housing is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fault current limiter which can reduce an abnormal current, such as a fault current, in a power system through the magnetic turn-off which increases the reactance of an electric circuit by changing the magnetic circuit. The fault current limiter for limiting a current supplied through a power supply path, according to the present invention, includes: an iron core having three legs of which the upper and lower portions are connected to each other; a primary winding wound around each of the three legs of the iron core and having both ends connected to the power supply path; and a secondary winding wound around each of the three legs of the iron core and having both ends connected to each other through a first switching device.

Abstract: A radio-frequency (RF) planar transformer includes three spaced-apart, single-turn primary strip-windings connected electrically in parallel with each other. A one-turn secondary strip-winding is located between each adjacent pair of primary strip-windings. The secondary strip-windings are connected in electrical series with each other. The transformer functions as a transformer having a one-turn primary winding and a two-turn secondary winding.

Abstract: A multi-turn electrical coil and fabrication method uses a plurality of identically constructed flat electrical conductors, alternating ones of which carry an electrically insulating material layer on one major surface. The bare conductors and the insulated conductors are alternatingly stacked about mounting posts in partially overlapped and partially laterally offset pairs of conductors, with each conductor in each conductor pair reoriented relative to the other conductor in the respective conductive pair, and alternating conductor pairs reoriented relative to adjacent conductor pairs, to form a spiral winding turn for the coil.

Abstract: An inner margin adjoining an inner lead is used as the innermost part of a conductive member made of a film conductor. The inner margin is held by a bobbin upon a winding a coil. Therefore, mutual displacement, or the like, between the film conductor, or the conductive member, and an insulation separator upon the coil-winding can be prevented.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide a nanomagnetic structure and method of making the same, comprising a device substrate, a plurality of nanomagnetic composite layers disposed on the device substrate, wherein an adhesive layer is interposed between each of the plurality of nanomagnetic composite layers. Metal windings are integrated within the plurality of nanomagnetic composite layers to form an inductor core, wherein the nanomagnetic structure has a thickness ranging from about 5 to about 100 microns.

Abstract: An isolated DC-to-DC switching power supply includes an isolation transformer having a magnetic core, a first winding around the magnetic core, a first winding-shield around the magnetic core, a second winding-shield within the first winding-shield, and a second winding within the second winding-shield. There is no direct coupling between the first winding and the second winding since the second winding is enclosed within the second winding-shield and the second winding-shield is enclosed within the first winding-shield.

Abstract: A transformer includes a primary winding unit, a secondary winding unit and a magnetic core. The primary winding unit includes a first input primary winding part and a first shielding winding part. The first input primary winding part is electrically connected to at least one switch component, and the first input primary winding part is electrically connected to the first shielding winding part. The secondary winding unit is inductively coupled to the primary winding unit, and the first shielding part is disposed between the first input primary winding part and the secondary winding part. Then, the primary winding unit and the secondary winding unit are assembled to the magnetic core.

Abstract: A method of utilizing a palm characteristic to trigger security setting is disclosed in the present invention. The method is applied to a navigation device, and the navigation device is used to control a computer host. The method includes obtaining the palm characteristic, comparing the palm characteristic to a predetermined value, generating a security command according to a comparison, and determining whether to lock control function of the navigation device relative to the computer host by the security command.

Abstract: An authorizing system includes a face recognition module, a first authorizing module, a fingerprint acquiring module, and a second authorizing module. The face recognition module captures an image of a current user and recognizes face features from the image. The first authorizing module compares the face features of the current user with each group of face features pre-stored in a memory to determine whether or not the current user is authorized. The fingerprint acquiring module acquires the fingerprint of the current user and extracts fingerprint features from the fingerprint when the face features of the current user fail to match the face features stored in the memory. The second authorizing module compares the fingerprint features of the current user to each group of fingerprint features stored in the memory to determine whether or not the current user is authorized.

Abstract: The invention relates to an automatic door system having a security sensor device and to a method for using said system, in which a controller is connected to a security sensor, the sensor device comprising: a signal emitter for detecting at least one parameter representative of the door; and a receptor of the signal generated by the generator; wherein the controller activates at least the emitter by means of a triggering signal, said triggering signal being a signal independent of the signal to be emitted by the emitter.

Abstract: A system for accessing a vehicle when the main battery is incapable of supplying sufficient power for actuating the vehicle's power door locks/latches comprises: a power supply in the door or release handle supplying power to the vehicle's power latch; an entry authentication device for receiving one or more inputs for authenticating a user's access to the vehicle, the entry authentication device powered by the rechargeable power supply; and a latch controller powered by the power supply and operatively connected to the power latch and the at least one entry authentication device to receive information from the entry authentication device corresponding to the one or more inputs. The latch controller can authenticate a user's access to the vehicle to place the power latch in an unlocked state so that the door can be opened.

Abstract: A door handle system for a door of a vehicle includes a door handle assembly, a locking mechanism, a control and a near field communication device. The door handle assembly is configured to mount at a handle region of a vehicle door of the vehicle. The near field communication device is operable to receive signals from a smartphone that is within a threshold distance from the near field communication device. The control, responsive to the near field communication device, is operable to determine whether or not a smartphone that is within the threshold distance and that is communicating with the near field communication device is an authorized device. The control is operable to actuate the locking mechanism to unlock the vehicle door responsive to a determination that the smartphone within the threshold distance and communicating with the near field communication device is an authorized device.

Abstract: Methods and systems of processing transponder signals received from transponders to identify the transponders are provided. A first signal having a first signal strength is received from a first transponder, and a reference signal strength is determined based on the first signal strength. A second signal having a second signal strength is received from a second transponder. The reference signal strength is compared with the second signal strength. The first transponder is determined to be within a predefined range based on the second signal strength being greater than the reference signal strength.

Abstract: The invention shows s system (1) and a method for registering a collection of refuses from a refuse bin (19) to a refuse collection lorry (3). The refuse bin is provided with an information carrier (21) which is adapted to send information upon reception of an electromagnetic signal. An interrogator (9) and a registering unit (4) are provided on a holder (15), which is attachable to a person (23) who collects the refuse. The interrogator (9) is adapted to send an electromagnetic signal and to receive information from the information carrier (21). The registering unit (4) is connected to the interrogator (9) and is able to register information received from the interrogator (9).

Abstract: When multiple readers for RF transponders have to be placed in close proximity, such as in adjacent lanes of a highway toll barrier, they can be set to operate at different frequencies. When signals from two adjacent ones of the readers interfere, the resulting signal includes interference terms whose frequencies equal the sum of the reader frequencies and the difference between the reader frequencies. To remove such interference terms while passing the desired terms, a tag includes a low-pass or other frequency-selective filter.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag distance measuring system and method is disclosed. One example includes a first replica path that receives a signal that is simultaneously transmitted to an RFID tag. The first replica path includes a plurality of taps at known distances along the first replica path. Each of the plurality of taps has a first tap input coupled with the first replica path. In addition, an RFID signal receiver receives a return signal from the RFID tag and provides the return signal along a measurement input, wherein each of the plurality of taps have a second tap input coupled with the measurement path. A distance determiner detects at least the first of the plurality of taps to have an output and determine a distance measurement to the RFID tag based thereon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for golf score registration comprising a terminal at the clubhouse, and/or a start box at first tee, for check in and check out into the system before and after a game of golf, boxes (1) after each hole for score registration, means for communication between boxes on the course and a central unit, and individual information carriers that each player bring on to the course while playing. Each information carrier holds a flag indicating if the player bringing the information carrier is entitled to play on the golf course or not, and each box (1) is adapted to read the flag and thereby to determine the eligibility of a player holding an information carrier. Indicators (31, 32, 33, 34) positioned nearby each box (1) is adapted to indicate whether a player is eligible to play or not according to the determination.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and a terminal for managing a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card, which can activate a NFC read-write mode of the terminal, the terminal reads RFID information of a RFID card to be managed and updates the RFID information into a RFID information database. The present disclosure establishes the RFID information database on the terminal by using NFC technology, when the terminal is used to replace the corresponding RFID card for service, RFID information stored in the information database of the terminal will be written into a security chip module of the terminal, and a NFC control module of the terminal is enabled to be in a NFC simulation mode so as to enable the terminal to implement the corresponding functions of the RFID card.

Abstract: The proposed invention refers to a tactile device which generates control signals according to the signals detected when a finger is passed over the device and transmits the control signals to the receiver device which can be located elsewhere nearby which in turn transmits said signal to a user interface device such as a liquid crystal display, a computer, etc. and which, thanks to its reduced size and portability, means it can be used easily held in the palm of the hand.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a logo assembly, a control method, a controller and an electronic device. The logo assembly comprises: a front case of a logo and a touchpad attached to a backside of the front case of the logo. The touchpad comprises a touch sensor configured to send a control signal to the controller when detecting a touch control operation to the front case of the logo, such that the controller performs a control operation to the electronic device after receiving the control signal. By attaching the touchpad to the backside of the front case of the logo, it solves the issue that a logo has a negative impact on the design of the position of buttons at the front panel of the electronic device, thus reducing the impact of the logo on the position of the buttons.

Abstract: A method used in a remote control system for remotely controlling an appliance by execution of a remote control command contained in a control program stored in an operation terminal device, by which: a first identifier is acquired at a first time point (S801), the first identifier being unique to a portable medium located close to an operation terminal device serving as a remote controller for the appliance; the first identifier is embedded into the control program (S802); a second identifier is acquired at a second time point later than the first time point (S803), the second identifier being unique to a portable medium located close to the operation terminal device serving as the remote controller for the appliance; whether the first identifier matches the second identifier is determined (S804); and remote control of the appliance is prohibited when the first identifier does not match the second identifier (S805).

Abstract: A user station configurable for use in a healthcare communication system, such as a nurse call system, is provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for determining whether and/or when a patient is taking his or her medication and, when appropriate, providing reminders and/or alerts to the patient to improve adherence to a medication regimen. In some embodiments, a medication container is provided that includes a capacitance sensor for sensing the contents of the medication container (e.g., pill count or quantity of liquid medication). The capacitance sensor may include interleaved or interdigitated electrodes oriented vertically, horizontally, or angularly (e.g., diagonally) relative to an axis of the medication container. Reminders and/or alerts to the patient may be triggered based at least in part on the contents of the medication container, when a cap of the container was last opened and/or closed, the location of the medication container, and/or the container's surroundings.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to systems and methods of providing haptic feedback based on media content and one or more external parameters used to customize the haptic feedback. The system may modify or otherwise alter haptic feedback that is determined using the media content alone. In other words, the system may use both the media content and the external parameters to determine haptic feedback that should be output to the user or others. The external parameters may include, for example, sensor information, customization information, and/or other external parameters that may be used to customize the haptic feedback.

Abstract: A method includes receiving digital content data including audio data and/or video data, generating haptic data using at least some of the received digital content data, encoding the haptic data for efficient transmission over a communication network, multiplexing the encoded haptic data with the received digital content data, embedding information for decoding the encoded haptic data in metadata of the multiplexed data stream, and sending the multiplexed data stream over the communication network. The method may include analyzing the haptic data to determine at least one characteristic of the haptic data, and the encoding the haptic data may include encoding, based on the determined characteristic, the haptic data to meet a pre-defined criteria.