Abstract: A fastening device includes a head and a shank. The shank has opposite ends, one end of the shank is connected to the head, and the other end of the shank defines an operating part. The operating part is capable of cooperating with a disassembling tool to enable the fastening device to rotate with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shank.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the electronic apparatus includes a main body including a main body connector, a holder detachably mounted on the main body, the holder including a front supporter and a back supporter that are used to support an external apparatus and an opening between the front supporter and the back supporter, the main body connector exposed from the opening when the holder is on the main body, so that an external apparatus connector of the external apparatus is plugged to the main body connector to achieve an electrical connection when the external apparatus is inserted between the front supporter and the back supporter.

Abstract: An apparatus of the present disclosure enhances the audio/visual experience of a portable digital device, and comprises a lens positioning slot, a lens storage compartment, a passive audio amplifier, a receiving station.

Abstract: A keyboard lift mechanism includes a sliding block, a link bar, a hinge assembly, a driving member and a resilient member. The sliding block is slidably disposed inside a lower casing. Both ends of the link bar are pivoted to a keyboard and the sliding block, respectively. The driving member is coupled to the hinge assembly. The resilient member abuts against the lower casing and the sliding block. The resilient member and the driving member drive the sliding block to move in a first direction when the upper casing rotates in a first rotating direction, such that the link bar is driven to rotate the keyboard to a containing position, and drive the sliding block to move in a second direction when the upper casing rotates in a second rotating direction, such that the link bar is driven to rotate the keyboard to an opening position.

Abstract: A wireless terminal device includes: a conduction and connection module, and a first Printed Circuit Board, PCB, connected to the conduction and connection module, and the wireless terminal device further includes a first conductor, where one of the conduction and connection module and the first PCB is connected to one end of the first conductor through a first capacitance coupling module, and the other one of the conduction and connection module and the first PCB is connected to the other end of the first conductor. Through the foregoing processing, capacitance coupling and grounding between the conduction and connection module and the PCB can be implemented through the first capacitance coupling module.

Abstract: A flat electronic storage medium, in particular a USB memory stick which has a fastening facility. The fastening means (1) is integrated into the housing (2) of the storage medium in that the housing (2) has a slit through-opening (3) or a lateral hook-shaped housing extension (11) of a flat side of the housing, the hook end (12) of which extension forms a slit (4) with the housing (2), and each slit of the slit through-opening (3) or slit (4) can be closed off by a pin (5) arranged in a guide (6) such that said pin can slide in the housing (2).

Abstract: A carrier includes main body, a conductive elastic element, and a handle. The main body is adapted to carrying an electronic device and has a cavity. The conductive elastic element is disposed in the cavity. The handle is pivotally coupled to the main body. When the handle locks the main body to be located in a lock position, the handle exerts force on the conductive elastic element such that the conductive elastic element protrudes outside the main body through the cavity. When the handle does not lock the main body and exert force on the conductive elastic element to be located at a release position, the conductive elastic element is located inside the main body where it does not interfere with an outside device. This allows convenient insertion and removal of the carrier relative to a cage. Accordingly, the conductive elastic element is not damaged easily.

Abstract: A docking station for an electronic device that is contained within a case, in which the case includes a retractable connector access panel at least partially overlying a portion of a connector port of the electronic device, includes a base at least partially configured to support the electronic device. An electrical connector is coupled to the base and configured to receive the connector port of the electronic device. A retraction member is coupled to the base and configured to retract the connector access panel to at least partially expose the connector port during docking of the electronic device.

Abstract: A chassis for a network storage system contains a first thermal chamber that houses conventional electronic components and a second thermal chamber that houses non-volatile solid state memory such as flash memory. A cooling system keeps the electronics in first thermal chamber below their maximum junction temperature. Meanwhile, a temperature regulating system maintains the solid state memory in the second thermal chamber within a range of a preferred operating temperature selected to extend the lifetime and/or improve the reliability of the solid state memory. Thus, the chassis provides dual zone temperature control to improve performance of the network storage system.

Abstract: A portable electronic device including a main body and a connector module is provided. The main body has a central region and a fringe region. A thickness of the central region is greater than a thickness of the fringe region, and the central region has a containing cavity. The connector module is slidably disposed in the containing cavity of the main body, and moves between an operation position and an accommodation position in relative to the main body.

Abstract: A protective cover for an electronic device that has an interactive control panel and one or more electrical contacts includes a protective shell having first member and a second member. The second member is configured to join with the first case member to at least partially cover the electronic device. An aperture defined by the protective shell is aligned with the interactive control panel when the electronic device is at least partially enclosed by the protective shell. A securing mechanism secures the first member with the second member. An electrical connection attached to the protective shell is configured to connect an electrical source to at least one of the electrical contacts of the electronic device to provide an electrical connection to the electrical source when the electronic device is received by the first member.

Abstract: An electric vehicle supply equipment may include a first cover element including a well portion to accommodate a first circuitry, wherein the first circuitry includes a chimney stack that couples to a venting hole. Also, the electric vehicle supply equipment may include a second cover element including a recess portion to accommodate a second circuitry, wherein the second circuitry includes a charcoal filter that couples to the chimney stack to absorb impurities generated by the first circuitry and the second circuitry. Further, the electric vehicle supply equipment includes a universal/serial connection port configured to couple to peripheral devices, wherein the universal/serial connection port is an optical coupled connection.

Abstract: An expansion apparatus suitable for an electronic apparatus is provided. The expansion apparatus includes a base, a supporter and an airflow guiding structure. The base has a first fan disposed therein. The supporter is pivoted to the base along a rotating axis and has a cooling channel. The cooling channel has a first port and a second port opposite to the first port. When the electronic apparatus is assembled to the supporter, the second port of the cooling channel faces to the electronic apparatus. The airflow guiding structure is disposed between the supporter and the base movably. When the supporter is pivoted relative to the base to an expanded state, an active airflow generated by the first fan is guided by the airflow guiding structure to pass through the base and the electronic apparatus. An electronic equipment including the expansion apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A cooling device includes a ceramic substrate with a metal layer bonded to an outer planar surface. The cooling device also includes a channel layer bonded to an opposite side of the ceramic substrate and a manifold layer bonded to an outer surface of the channel layer. The substrate layers are bonded together using a high temperature process such as brazing to form a single substrate assembly. A plenum housing is bonded to the single substrate assembly via a low temperature bonding process such as adhesive bonding and is configured to provide extended manifold layer inlet and outlet ports.

Abstract: A heat dissipation module, comprising: a fan; and a heat dissipating fin; a heat conducting element, made of a conductive material, and composed of a first conductive component and two second conductive components in a manner that the first conductive component is disposed engaging with a heating element while allowing the two second conductive components to engage with the heat dissipating fin; and a wall element; wherein, the heat from the heating element is conducted to the first conductive component where it is further being dividedly conducted to the two second conductive components; and the air flow blowing from the fan is guided to the heating element and then it is blocked by the wall element for diverting the air flow toward the heat dissipating fin from an air intake side to an air outlet side, and then to be discharged out of the heat dissipating module through an outlet.

Abstract: A boiling refrigerant type cooling system to suppress overshoot upon start of heat generation and realize stable start of boiling. In the boiling refrigerant type cooling system, a metal boiling heat transfer unit has a base in thermal contact with a heat generating body. The boiling heat transfer unit is in contact with a liquid refrigerant. The boiling heat transfer unit has plural parallel tunnels communicating with the outside via holes or gaps under its surface, a groove deeper than a tunnel diameter formed through all the tunnels in an orthogonal direction to the tunnels, and a cover plate on the groove.

Abstract: Electronic device assemblies employing dual phase change materials and vehicles incorporating the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, an electronic device assembly includes a semiconductor device having a surface, wherein the semiconductor device operates in a transient heat flux state and a normal heat flux state, a coolant fluid thermally coupled to the surface of the semiconductor device, and a phase change material thermally coupled to the surface of the semiconductor device. The phase change material has a phase change temperature at which the phase change material changes from a first phase to a second phase. The phase change material absorbs heat flux at least when the semiconductor device operates in the transient heat flux state.

Abstract: An air-cooling method is provided which includes providing a heat exchanger door and a catch bracket. The door is hingedly mounted to the air inlet or outlet side of an electronics rack, and includes: a door frame spanning at least a portion of the air inlet or outlet side of the rack, wherein the frame includes an airflow opening which facilitates airflow through the rack; an air-to-coolant heat exchanger supported by the door frame and disposed so that airflow through the airflow opening passes thereacross; and a door latch mechanism to selectively latch the heat exchanger door to the rack. The catch bracket is attached to the rack and sized to extend from the rack into the heat exchanger door through a catch opening, and the door latch mechanism is configured and mounted within the heat exchanger door to physically engage the catch bracket within the heat exchanger door.

Abstract: A heat-dissipation structure includes a first carbon nanotube layer and a metal mesh layer. The first carbon nanotube layer and the metal mesh layer are stacked on each other. The first carbon nanotube layer includes at least one first carbon nanotube paper. An electronic device applying the heat-dissipation structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: A thermal connector for use with a printed circuit board assembly is disclosed. The thermal connector includes a top segment configured for thermal engagement with a heat source disposed on a top surface of a printed circuit board and for insertion through an opening of the printed circuit board to thermally engage the heat source. A middle segment of the thermal connector extends from the top segment and includes a flanged portion configured to engage a bottom surface of the printed circuit board when the top segment is inserted through the opening of the printed circuit board. A bottom segment of the thermal connector extends from the middle segment and is configured for thermal engagement to a heat dissipating element.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic control device (10) having electronic components (160, 162) on a circuit board (110) which are shielded from electrical and/or magnetic interference fields. According to the invention, an electrically conductive sheet metal part (170) is arranged on the circuit board (110) which forms a Faraday cage for the electronic components (160, 162) with the circuit board. The electrically conductive sheet metal part (170) is furthermore in thermal contact to the electronic components (160, 162) and in thermal contact to the housing (100) of the control device (10) and thereby deflects heat from the electronic components (160, 162) into the housing (100).

Abstract: An electronic control device comprises a circuit board having a heat generating part mounted thereon; a case for installing therein the circuit board, the case having a heat receiving portion that is in contact with the heat generating part; at least two first fixing units that are constructed and arranged to fix a peripheral portion of the circuit board to the case; and at least one second fixing unit that is arranged to fix a given area of the circuit board to the case while pressing the given area against the heat receiving portion through the heat generating part, the given area being an area where the heat generating part is placed.

Abstract: A method is provided for pumped immersion-cooling of selected electronic components of an electronic system, such as a node or book of a multi-node rack. The method includes providing a housing assembly defining a compartment about the component(s) to be cooled, which is coupled to a first side of a printed circuit board. The assembly includes a first frame with an opening sized to accommodate the component(s), and a second frame. The first and second frames are sealed to opposite sides of the board via a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, respectively. The printed circuit board is at least partially porous to a coolant to flow through the compartment, and the first frame, second frame, and first and second adhesive layers are non-porous with respect to the coolant, and provide a coolant-tight seal to the first and second sides of the printed circuit board.

Abstract: An electronic system includes a printed circuit board (PCB), and a heat dissipating element. The PCB includes one or more first electronic components mounted on a first side of the PCB, and one or more second electronic components mounted on a second side of the PCB. The first electronic components have a power consumption that is greater than a threshold and have a height over the first side of the PCB that is higher than any other electronic components mounted on the first side of the PCB. At least one of the second electronic components has a height over the second side of the PCB that is higher than the height of the first electronic components. The heat dissipating element is adjacent to the first electronic components so as to provide a thermal coupling for dissipating heat generated by the first electronic components.

Abstract: A module carrier unit comprises a plurality of passenger interface modules that perform different functions, the functions including at least one of inputting and outputting information, the modules having a common size, shape, and interface; an outer case portion comprising a plurality of receptacles, each having a common size, shape, and interface designed to receive one of the modules, the plurality of receptacles being such that a first module having a first function is operable in a first receptacle, and a second module having a second function is operable in the first receptacle, the modules being removably connected to the receptacles; and a communications interface that performs at least one of transmitting and receiving data to and from a processor located near a seat of a passenger in the vehicle.

Abstract: Supports for plural billboard display modules include one or more structural frames mountable to existing billboard poster panels and other planar structural surfaces; each individual structural frame having a sufficient number of frame cutout areas to minimize frame weight to no greater than fifty pounds for hand lifting and mounting to the poster panels, but not such a sufficient number of frame cutout areas to compromise the structural integrity of the structural frame for resisting wind load forces in excess of 100 pounds per square foot when mounted to the poster panels while supporting the plural billboard display modules; and wherein each structural frame is arranged in an array of structural bay members defined by the cutout areas and visual separation features, the visual separation features facilitating the separating of the array into smaller array configurations, wherein the smallest array is a one bay high by one bay wide configuration.

Abstract: A compact radio core engine (CE) module uniquely small in size and power consumption, in which only two circuit boards provide all the modem and transceiver functions needed for modern military radios. A modem circuit board has modem devices and a first connector mounted on the board, and a radio frequency (RF) circuit board has RF devices and a second connector mounted on the board. A module frame has an interior wall, and a side wall about the periphery of the interior wall. The modem and the RF circuit boards are positioned on opposite sides of the interior wall, and the connectors on the two boards mate with one another through an opening in the interior wall to exchange operating data and signals between the devices on the boards. The modem circuit board is seated entirely within a recess formed by the interior and the side walls of the frame.

Abstract: Flexible electronic devices may be provided. A flexible electronic device may include a flexible display, a flexible housing and one or more flexible internal components configured to allow the flexible electronic device to be deformed. Flexible displays may include flexible display layers, flexible touch-sensitive layers, and flexible display cover layers. The flexible housing may be a multi-stable flexible housing having one or more stable positions. The flexible housing may include a configurable support structure that, when engaged, provides a rigid support structure for the flexible housing. The flexible internal components may include flexible batteries, flexible printed circuits or other flexible components. A flexible battery may include flexible and rigid portions or may include a lubricious separator layer that provides flexibility for the flexible battery.

Abstract: A MCM system board uses a stiffener arrangement to enhance mechanical, thermo and electrical properties by incorporating an LGA compression connector in a computer system. The present designs of large scale computing systems (LSCS) in IBM use a MCM that is attached to a system board and held together by a stiffening frame. Due to the nature of the manufacturing of the system board, there can be significant gaps formed in the mounting area of the MCM between the board and the stiffener. A method is described that not only fills the void, it also, in addition promotes thermo conduction of excess heat away from the MCM and at the same time promotes enhanced electrical properties of the LGA connections of the MCM to the system board.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shield for a storage device comprising a printed circuit board (PCBA) defining a plated through hole defining a generally cylindrical plated surface. The electromagnetic shield may comprise a top surface and sides oriented generally perpendicular to the top surface. One or more of the sides comprise a press-fit connector configured for removable insertion in the plated through hole. The press-fit connector may comprise at least one resilient member defining a longitudinal axis and configured to resiliently bow out in a direction generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis during insertion and press against the plated surface of the through hole to displace plating material formed thereon to form a gas-tight seal between the at least one resilient member and the plated surface.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a motherboard defining a number of through holes, a bottom wall forming a number of posts, and a fixing member including a fixing body mounted to the bottom wall and a movable body slidably mounted to the fixing body. Each through hole includes a first hole and a second hole communicating with each other. Each post includes a supporting portion, a head, and a neck. The fixing body forms a protrusion. The movable body includes a main portion, a connecting portion connected to the main portion and defining a limiting slot. The heads are extended through the first holes; the necks abut end walls bounding the second holes. The motherboard is sandwiched between the heads and the supporting portions, the protrusion is engaged in the limiting slot, and the main body abuts against an end of the motherboard adjacent to the fixing member.

Abstract: An electronic circuit module component includes an electronic component, a substrate, a first resin, a second resin, a metal layer, and an opening. The electronic component is mounted on the substrate. The first resin has pores and is in contact with at least a part of the electronic component. The second resin covers a surface of the first resin and has porosity which is lower than that of the first resin. The metal layer covers the first resin and the second resin and is electrically connected to a ground of the substrate. The opening is provided in the metal layer and allows a part of the first resin to be exposed to an outside at least of the metal layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to propose a functional element built-in substrate which enables an electrode terminal of a functional element to be well connected to the back surface on the side opposite to the electrode terminal of the functional element, and which can be miniaturized.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board (PCB) having an embedded bare chip includes attaching a tape to one side of an insulated substrate having a penetration hole formed therein, and attaching the bare chip onto the tape inside the penetration hole such that electrode pads of the bare chip face the tape; filling up the penetration hole with a filler, and removing the tape; laminating a metal layer onto a surface of the filler and the insulated substrate from which the tape is removed; and forming electrode bumps by removing portions of the metal layer. The forming of electrode bumps further includes simultaneously removing portions of the metal layer and forming an circuit pattern on one side of the insulated substrate. The circuit pattern is formed directly on the upper side of the insulated substrate and the electrode bumps are formed on the surface of the electrode pads.

Abstract: A circuit board includes an electric circuit having a wiring section and a pad section in the surface of an insulating base substrate. The electric circuit is configured such that a conductor is embedded in a circuit recess formed in the surface of the insulating base substrate, and the surface roughness of the conductor is different in the wiring section and the pad section of the electric circuit. In this case, it is preferable that the surface roughness of the conductor in the pad section is greater than the surface roughness of the conductor in the wiring section.

Abstract: Provided is a junction box 10 with an electric circuit formed by laminating a plurality of resinous plates 51, wherein a plurality of pole structures 61 is uprightly formed on a bottom (lower casing 60) of the junction box so as to be located at a position not overlapping the conductive patterns 52 of the laminated plates and to face a direction of penetrating the plates, in which a plurality of insertion holes 53 is formed in the resinous plates 51 so as to allow the pole structures 61 to be inserted therethrough, in which the plurality of pole structures 61 is formed to have different heights, and in which insertion holes 53 are formed in each of the resinous plates 51 so as to allow the pole structures 61 to be inserted therethrough and to match with the heights of the pole structures 61 having different heights.

Abstract: An electronics module docking system includes docking member removably coupled to a photovoltaic module. The docking system includes a first connector port electrically coupled to one or more photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module is selectively coupleable to the docking member. The docking system includes a housing to enclose an electronics module. The housing may include second connector port that is selectively engageable to the power electronics module. The power electronics module and the photovoltaic cells are electrically coupled to one another upon selective engagement of the connector ports. The inverter housing is receivable by and removably coupleable to the docking member allowing the inverter housing to be removably coupleable to the photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A cable management apparatus for managing a cable includes a mounting bracket slidably receiving the cable and fixing a rear end of the cable, a sliding bar slidably connected to the front end of the cable, and a rotating arm rotatably mounted to the mounting bracket and engaging with the cable. The sliding bar defines a guiding slot, which includes a driving portion extending slantingly relative to a sliding direction of the sliding bar. The rotating arm includes a rod slidably received in the guiding slot of the sliding bar. By sliding the sliding bar forward or rearward, the rod of the rotating arm slides along the driving portion of the guiding slot to rotate the rotating arm forward to stretch the cable or rotate the rotating arm rearward to wind up the cable.

Abstract: A kit is disclosed for installing a radio frequency transmitter assembly (30) in position for radio transmission and reception when connected to a water meter register (26, 40) that is situated below ground level, the kit comprising: a base member (22) for extending substantially horizontally from the meter register (26, 40); a transmitter assembly (30) having a transmitter body (32) for attachment to the base member (22) with the transmitter body in an upright position; an electrical cable (17) connected at one end to the meter register (26, 40) and connected at an opposite end to the transmitter assembly (30). The kit provides a product that can be installed in any one of three different configurations.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus includes electronic components configuring a power conversion circuit, a cooler for cooling at least part of the electronic components, and a case housing the electronic components and the cooler. The at least part of the electronic components and the cooler are fixed to and integrated in a frame as an internal unit. The internal unit is fixed within the case through the frame. The frame has such a shape that the at least part of the electronic components is surrounded by the frame from four sides.

Abstract: A controller controls a voltage-source power converter and a current-source power converter based on a detection value of a rail voltage input to the voltage-source power converter and a detection value of a charging voltage output from the current-source power converter, at the time of charging operation.

Abstract: A bi-directional DC/DC converter includes at least one module having a module input for providing a bi-directional module input current, and a module output with an output inductor for providing a bi-directional module output current. A transformer has a primary winding wound around a transformer core and connected to the module input, and a secondary winding wound around the core and connected to the module output. A primary set of switches is connected in an H-bridge configuration between the module input and the primary winding. And, a secondary set of switches is connected in an H-bridge configuration between the module output and the secondary winding. A current sensing component senses the module output current. A hysteretic control drives the primary set of switches to control flux. The hysteretic control drives the secondary set of switches to control the module output current as a function of the sensed module output current.

Abstract: In an electrical power converter, an input circuit performs switching for converting a supply voltage of a power source to alternating-polarity voltage pulses which are applied to the primary winding of a transformer. Each voltage pulse is controlled (e.g., pulse width or amplitude is adjusted) based on a detected value of current flow in the primary winding, where the value has been detected an even-numbered plurality of voltage pulses previously. Any DC component of current flow in the primary winding, caused by manufacturing deviations between switching elements in the input circuit, can thereby be suppressed, and DC flux bias in the transformer thereby suppressed.

Abstract: The invention provides a DC to DC converting circuit, comprising: a transforming unit with a primary winding and a secondary winding; a bridge rectifier unit coupled to an input voltage, having a first output terminal and a second output terminal coupled to both side of the primary winding respectively; a first switch coupled between the input voltage and the first output terminal; a second switch coupled between the first output terminal and a ground terminal; a third switch coupled between the input voltage and the second output terminal; and a fourth switch coupled between the second output terminal and the ground terminal; an output unit paralleled to the secondary winding; and a clamping unit coupled to the input voltage and paralleled to the bridge rectifier unit, having an auxiliary switch coupled to the input voltage; and a clamping capacitor coupled between the auxiliary switch and the ground terminal; wherein the auxiliary switch is turned on when operation statuses of the first switch and the fourt

Abstract: This relates to sampling a feedback signal representative of an output of a power converter. The sampling is performed using a buffer sampling circuit having three sample and hold stages coupled in series to sense and store the feedback signal. The first stage is coupled to sample and hold the feedback signal on a capacitor. If the output diode is conducting, the sampled signal is transferred to the second stage. If the output diode is conducting, the first stage will sample the feedback signal and the sampled signal will be transferred to be sampled and held by the second stage. When the output diode stops conducting, the sampled voltage held by the second stage is transferred to the third stage. The third stage stores the sampled voltage on a capacitor. As such, the controller may sample the feedback signal near the end of the output diode conduction time.

Abstract: A switch-mode power converter includes a power isolation transformer and a drive transformer having their various windings collectively wound on a magnetic core having a center leg and outer legs. A primary winding and one or more secondary windings of the power transformer are wound on the center leg, and first and second windings of the drive transformer are wound on an outer leg. A primary control circuit controls one or more primary switches to supply the input voltage to the primary winding. A secondary control circuit controls secondary switches connected between the secondary windings and a load. Another control circuit controls operation the primary and secondary control circuits based at least in part on a feedback signal. The drive transformer windings are further configured to provide isolation between the primary control circuit and the synchronous rectifier control circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new type flow control system comprising a valve control circuit and a power source circuit. Two terminals of the primary coil of the power source circuit transformer are respectively connected with two power source circuit FETs, the secondary coil of the power source circuit transformer is connected to the voltage output terminal of the power source circuit through a power source rectification circuit. The gates of the power source circuit FETs are connected with a switching regulator. The AC input terminal of the valve control circuit is connected with a valve control circuit transformer. The primary coil of the valve control circuit transformer is connected with a valve control circuit FET, the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to a mechanical valve through a valve control rectification circuit. A microcontroller outputs PWM signals to the gate of the valve control circuit FET.

Abstract: In a power source circuit including a switching circuit 8 as a power conversion circuit for converting by a switching operation at least one of a frequency and a voltage of an alternating voltage from an alternating power source 2 via a pair of supply lines 3 and 4, one supply line 3 includes a fuse 5 as an excess current protection element, and between a ground line 10 and one supply line 3, a first line bypass capacitor 6 is connected. Between the ground line 10 and another supply line 4, a second line bypass capacitor 7 is connected, and another supply line 4 includes an inductor 9. With this configuration, an unbalanced state of the circuit due to the excess current protection element is reduced so as to restrain the common mode noise.

Abstract: The power conversion module includes a power converter coupled to provide a DC output voltage from an input voltage source. The power converter may have primary and secondary stages, and the power converter may also provide a DC output voltage that is electrically isolated from the input voltage source. Additionally, the power conversion module also includes a voltage controller configured to measure a pre-bias value of the output voltage prior to start-up of the power converter and provide a start-up control signal, wherein the start-up control signal corresponds to an initial output voltage that is greater than the pre-bias value of the output voltage. The initial output voltage includes a start-up voltage margin above the pre-bias value and is maintained for a margin hold time. A method of operating a power conversion module is also provided.

Abstract: A surge protection module is disclosed. An example surge protection module includes a first terminal coupled to a first output terminal of a rectifier of a power supply. A second terminal is coupled to a first input terminal of a switching converter of the power supply. A third terminal is coupled to a second output terminal of the rectifier and a second input terminal of the switching converter. A variable resistance circuit is coupled between the first and second terminals. A control circuit is coupled between the first and third terminals and coupled to control the variable resistance circuit. A resistance of the variable resistance circuit is responsive to a magnitude of a voltage between the first and third terminals.