Abstract: An engine housing of an internal combustion engine has at least one bore and a bearing assembly mounted in the bore for rotatably supporting a camshaft via first and second rolling-element bearings that each have an outer ring. A slot-shaped gap extends from the bore through at least a part of the engine housing up to a point at the surface of the engine housing, at least one screw bore is disposed in a first portion of the engine housing on a first side of the slot-shaped gap, a threaded bore is disposed in a second portion of the engine housing on a second side of the slot-shaped gap, and a screw extends through the screw bore, across the slot-shaped gap and into the threaded bore and is configured to pull together the first portion and the second portion to clamp the outer ring.

Abstract: A valve train assembly for an engine comprising cylinders, each comprising a gas inlet and a gas outlet valve. A camshaft comprises a peripheral contour. A valve stoke adjusting device comprises a control shaft comprising control contours. An intermediate lever arrangement comprises an intermediate lever comprising a working curve which cooperates with a swivel lever, and an engagement element connected to a control contour. Each intermediate lever is connected to the peripheral contour. A transmission arrangement provides that an intermediate lever arrangement and a swivel lever arrangement is associated with each gas inlet valve. A control contour for an idle range is similar to a control contour for a full-load range. A control contour for a part-load range of a gas inlet valve of a shut-off cylinder comprises a section different to a control contour for a part-load range of the gas inlet valve of a remaining cylinder.

Abstract: A control system is disclosed for operating an internal combustion engine. The control system includes a control unit configured for providing a part load mode that is optimized for slow operation of the engine at loads up to an upper part load limit in the range from 40% to 75% of a maximum engine load. The control unit is also configured for providing a high load mode for engine loads above the upper part load limit. In the part load mode, at least one inlet valve is closed at a closing angle later than in the high load mode.

Abstract: A device for adjusting a motor vehicle valve train includes at least one camshaft with at least four cam elements arranged in an axially displaceable manner. In each case two of the cam elements that are adjacently situated are formed as a cam element group to be switched together.

Abstract: A camshaft assembly includes a base shaft extending along a longitudinal axis. The base shaft is configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis. The camshaft assembly further includes a series of lobe packs mounted on the base shaft. The lobe pack includes a first cam lobe, a second cam lobe, and a third cam lobe. The lobe pack further includes a barrel cam defining a control groove. The camshaft assembly further includes an actuator including an actuator body and at least one pin movably coupled to the actuator body. The lobe pack is configured to move axially relative to the base shaft between a first position, a second position, and a third position. These three lobe pack positions are used to define three discrete valve lift profiles for the intake or exhaust valves in the cylinder. The lift profiles can be different for each engine valve.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling fuel supply of a bi-fuel vehicle includes: a gasoline fuel unit injecting gasoline fuel to a combustion chamber of an engine; an LPG fuel unit injecting LPG fuel to the combustion chamber of the engine; and an engine controlling unit selectively using the gasoline fuel and the LPG fuel according to an operation mode of a vehicle, and the engine controlling unit enters a limp home mode according to a state of the LPG fuel unit and uses fuel different from fuel used in a driving mode as driving fuel in the limp home mode.

Abstract: A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.

Abstract: A glow plug includes a cylindrical housing, a rod-shaped heater, a membrane portion, and a pressure sensor. The cylindrical housing extends along an axial direction. The rod-shaped heater extending along the axial direction is displaced along the axial direction and has one end portion disposed within the housing, and an other end portion which is exposed from the housing. The membrane portion connects together the heater and the housing and has a multi-layer construction which has a first layer and a second layer of which at least part is positioned nearer to the other end portion in the axial direction of the heater than the first layer. The pressure sensor measures a pressure within a combustion chamber in which the other end portion is disposed by making use of a displacement of the heater. A thickness of the second layer is larger than a thickness of the first layer.

Abstract: A method is for starting a combustion engine having a pull-rope starter. A fuel/air mixture is fed to the engine via an intake channel. The mixture is ignited by a spark plug. The combustion drives the piston downward and drives a crankshaft rotationally. The fuel system has a fuel channel opening into the intake channel. An electric fuel valve is open in its currentless state and closes a fuel channel only when an operating voltage is applied. An electronic control unit actuates the fuel valve and triggers an ignition spark and is utilized by a generator to supply energy to the control unit, the fuel valve and the ignition device. To prevent excessive enriching of the fuel/air mixture during starting, the energy, which is generated at the beginning of the rotation of the crankshaft, is used to first close the fuel valve before the control unit triggers an ignition spark.

Abstract: Formed in a pinion (74) are pinion-side helical external teeth (74A) that mesh with a ring gear 823), and pinion-side helical internal teeth (74a) that mesh with a pinion inner (71). Formed in the pinion inner (71) are pinion inner-side helical external teeth (73) that mesh with the pinion-side helical internal teeth (74a). The configuration is formed so that when the rotational speed of the pinion (74) is slower than that of the ring gear (23), a thrust load is generated in a direction toward the ring gear (23), and when the rotational speed of the pinion (74) is faster than that of the ring gear (23), a thrust load is generated in a direction away from the ring gear (23).

Abstract: An intake device includes: an intake port; a valve body which is disposed in the intake port and rotated around a rotating shaft between an opening position and a closing position; and a seal surface which is integrally provided at the intake port and made up of an inner wall surface with which the valve body comes into contact at the closing position of the valve body, wherein the seal surface includes a first seal surface having an inner contact portion which protrudes to the inside of the intake port and a first outer contact portion which is located further to the outside than the inner contact portion, and a second seal surface having a second outer contact portion without having the inner contact portion.

Abstract: Provided is a valve seat having excellent strength and wear resistance. In a valve seat using an iron-based sintered alloy, an oxide mains composed of triiron tetroxide is formed by oxidation treatment on the surface and interior of the iron-based sintered alloy, and the average area ratio of the oxide mainly composed of triiron tetroxide in a cross section of the iron-based, sintered alloy in the state prior to installation on a cylinder head is 5 to 20%. Preferably, the iron-based sintered alloy contains hard particles formed from at least one compound of carbides, silicides, nitrides, borides, and intermetallic compounds containing one or more elements selected from groups 4a to 6a of the periodic table, and the average area ratio of the hard particles in the cross section of the iron-based sintered alloy in the state prior to installation on a cylinder head is 5 to 45%.

Abstract: In order to machine at least one workpiece on a lathe, where the workpiece rotates in the lathe and the at least one region to be machined of the workpiece is machined with the aid of at least one tool of the lathe, where the tool is moved at least parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece, where the tool is moved parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece such that the machined region of the workpiece is formed in a rotationally asymmetrical manner with respect to the rotation axis of the workpiece after machining. Furthermore, the invention disclosure relates to a cooling duct to a piston wall, and to a combustion-chamber hollow of a piston and also to a lathe.

Abstract: Crankcase cover for sealing an opening in a crankcase the crankcase cover includes a body portion configured to be removeably coupled to the crankcase and a fluid level window. The fluid level window can have a flat portion with fluid level indicators thereon to signify the level of lubricant within the crankcase. The fluid level window is in fluid communication with fluid in the crankcase so that the fluid level within the crankcase can be seen through the fluid level window.

Abstract: A combustion chamber structure of a direct injection engine includes a cavity recessed in a center of a top of a piston into which fuel is injected from an injector disposed above the piston. The cavity includes a curved section on a lower part of a side wall of the cavity and which has a vertical cross-sectional shape defined by an arc protruding outward in a radial direction of the piston. The cavity also includes a bottom wall straight line section on a bottom wall. The cavity also includes a bottom wall transition curved section between the bottom wall straight line section and the curved section which has a vertical cross-sectional shape defined by a transition curve having a curvature radius continuously changing from a curvature radius of the arc to an infinite value.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle involves directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber using an injection device, and a mixture of the fuel and air is ignited in the combustion chamber by an ignition device. The internal combustion engine is operated selectively in at least one first operating mode with at least one first valve lift of at least one gas exchange valve of the internal combustion engine, associated with the combustion chamber, or in at least one second operating mode with at least one second valve lift of the gas exchange valve, which is smaller than the first valve lift. For assisting a charge movement of the mixture in the second operating mode, at least one further injection of fuel directly into the combustion chamber is carried out prior to the ignition.

Abstract: A method and system to control an engine brake of a vehicle is provided. The vehicle is provided with a combustion engine having cylinders, an exhaust pressure governor (EPG) regulating the air flow out of the cylinders, an intake air throttle valve (ITV) regulating the air flow into the cylinders, pressure sensing means for sensing a pressure downstream of the cylinders, wherein an engine braking torque can be regulated in two different engine braking modes (a, b), a first engine braking mode (a), in which the air flow through the EPG is regulated by a closed loop control using the pressure downstream of the cylinders and the ITV is regulated in a feed forward control dependent of the engine speed and a demanded brake torque; a second engine braking mode (b), in which the EPG is regulated in a feed forward control dependent of the engine speed and the demanded brake torque, and the my regulates the braking torque by a closed loop control using the pressure downstream of the cylinders.

Abstract: The present invention provides an engine control method, which comprises: receiving an indication of the pedal position; pre-processing the indication of the pedal position to determine whether the received indication of the pedal position corresponds to the antisurge mode activation condition; in response to the received indication of the pedal position corresponding to the antisurge mode activation condition, using the boost pressure and the engine speed to look up the static control parameter lookup table to select a control parameter indicating an air flow requirement; and sending the selected control parameter to the ECU so as to control the engine using the air flow requirement indicated by said control parameter.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for estimating water storage in a charge air cooler (CAC). In one example, an amount of water in charge air exiting the CAC may be based on an output of an oxygen sensor positioned downstream of the CAC. Further, engine actuators may be adjusted to increase combustion stability and/or reduce condensate formation based on the amount of water exiting the CAC.

Abstract: An engine-powered work tool includes an engine having a crank shaft, an output controller and a wind governor. The output controller includes an output control shaft angularly rotatable about its axis for controlling a rotation speed of the crank shaft. The wind governor can control the angular rotation of the output control shaft and includes: a governor plate for receiving cooling air generated at a cooling fan connected to the crank shaft; an arm fixed to the output control shaft; and a governor spring connected to the arm for biasing the output control shaft to increase the rotation speed of the crank shaft. The governor plate functions to bias the output control shaft to decrease the rotation speed of the crank shaft upon receipt of the cooling air. The governor spring has an end changeable in position relative to the output controller among a plurality of prescribed positions.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for recirculating compressed air across a compressor through a high flow and a low flow compressor recirculation path. Flow through the recirculation paths is controlled via respective valves and valve opening is adjusted based on a throttle mass flow so as to maintain a compressor flow rate at or above a surge constrained flow rate. By maintaining a sufficiently high compressor flow rate during steady state and transient conditions, the compressor state can be maintained outside a surge region.

Abstract: A controller of an engine with a supercharger includes, for each of cylinders, fuel supply system and an ignition plug. The controller includes an electronic control unit that is configured to: (i) set a basic ignition timing depending on an operation state of the engine, (ii) detect, for each cycle, an abnormal combustion generation cylinder in which an abnormal combustion is generated in a supercharged region, (iii) execute a fuel cut to stop a fuel supply by the fuel supply system for the abnormal combustion generation cylinder, (iv) change an ignition timing of the abnormal combustion generation cylinder to expand a crank angle width between a compression top dead center and the basic ignition timing for several cycles after start of the fuel cut, and (v) execute an ignition cut that prohibits a spark from being generated by the ignition plug, further after elapse of the several cycles is executed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for enabling a smooth transmission shift in a hybrid vehicle configured with a motor hybrid transmission. During an initial part of a transmission upshift, spark timing may be advanced from MBT to expedite torque reduction. Once engine speed has sufficiently reduced, and is within a threshold range of the desired engine speed, spark timing may be retarded until the transmission shift is completed.

Abstract: According to the invention, the adapter is arranged to be mounted in the tool, to be connected to a fuel cartridge and to receive fuel and communicate with a combustion chamber so as to inject a mixture of external air and fuel therein.

Abstract: Systems and methods for electronically controlling the fuel-to-air ratio of a fuel mixture supplied to an internal combustion engines are disclosed. In one aspect, electronic control systems and methods are provided that determine and automatically move a choke valve in accordance with a first ramp having a first characteristic that is dependent on engine temperature and ambient air temperature. In another aspect, an integrated ignition and electronic auto-choke module is provided. In yet another aspect, electronic control systems and methods are provided that dynamically control a movement characteristic of a choke valve using a feedback loop.

Abstract: A method and system for improving operation of an engine that is supplied a fuel having a low super critical temperature is presented. In one example, the method supplies fuel to cool a direct injection fuel pump and participate in combustion in an engine cylinder after the fuel is vaporized. The method also provides for injecting a liquid fuel to the engine cylinder via the direct injection fuel pump.

Abstract: A spark-ignition direct fuel injection valve includes, at least, a seat member provided with a fuel injection hole and a valve seat and a valve body which controls fuel injection from the injection hole by contacting and separating from the valve seat. In the spark-ignition direct fuel injection valve: the injection hole has an injection hole inlet which is open inwardly of the seat member and an injection hole outlet which is open outwardly of the seat member; an opening edge of the injection hole inlet has a first round-chamfered portion formed on an upstream side with respect to a fuel flow toward the injection hole inlet; and an extending length (L) of the injection hole does not exceed three times a hole diameter (D) of the injection hole.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for a leakage passageway for a fuel injector of a common rail fuel system. In one embodiment, a fuel injector for an engine comprises an injector accumulator, an injector flow limiter valve configured to control a flow of fuel from a common fuel rail and into the injector accumulator, and a leakage passageway coupled between the injector accumulator and an inlet of the injector flow limiter valve, the leakage passageway bypassing the injector flow limiter valve.

Abstract: A fuel distribution rail for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine has connected base tube sections defining a longitudinal fuel channel with connector devices fixed on the base tube and a force relieving groove provided on the outer surface of the base tube sections spaced from the connector devices which extend over at least a part, preferably at least over a greater part of the outer surface of the base tube. In one form a cylindrical base tube has a circular force relieving groove surrounding the base tube spaced from the connector device.

Abstract: A dual fuel system includes liquid and gaseous fuel supplies and a fuel injector in fluid communication therewith. A gaseous fuel check in the fuel injector forms a leak path with a fuel injector body between gaseous and liquid fuel passages, and a leakage limiting seal is positioned about the gaseous fuel check and deformable into sealing contact with the gaseous fuel check responsive to an increase in a pressure drop from the liquid fuel passage to the gaseous fuel passage in the fuel injector.

Abstract: An engine system including an air intake duct positioned upstream of an engine cylinder may include an ice ingestion feature for retaining condensation. An ice ingestion feature may include indents formed in the bottom of an air intake duct wall. As such, the ice ingestion feature may include compartments and/or grooves of varying depths, widths, and/or angles such that the ice retention rate may be based on the surface area of the compartment or grooves.

Abstract: What is described is a fuel vaporizer comprising a housing which comprises an inlet opening with an internal thread, an inlet tube which is seated in the inlet opening. According to this disclosure, it is provided that the inlet tube comprises an undercut head and the inlet tube protrudes through a bushing the inside diameter of which is smaller than the outside diameter of the head, wherein the bushing comprises an external thread with which it is screwed into the inlet opening of the housing. What is additionally described is a kit for the production of a fuel vaporizer.

Abstract: A supercharger assembly includes a supercharger in series with an engine that has a crankshaft and has an air intake manifold defining a plenum through which air flow is provided to the engine. A supercharger is upstream of the plenum in air flow to the engine and has a first rotor rotatable with a first shaft and a second rotor rotatable with a second shaft. The supercharger assembly also includes an electric motor-generator that is selectively alternately operable as a motor and as a generator, and a planetary gearing arrangement having a first member operatively connected to the electric motor-generator, a second member connectable to be rotated by the engine crankshaft, and a third member operatively connected for rotation with the first shaft. The supercharger assembly has only two selectively engageable torque-transmitting mechanisms and a control system configured to control the electric motor-generator and the torque-transmitting mechanisms.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for using compressor recirculation flow via a venturi to enhance low pressure EGR flow. The opening of a compressor recirculation valve can be adjusted based on EGR flow demand to recirculate cooled compressed air through a venturi while generating vacuum for drawing EGR. The approach allows for concurrent EGR control and surge control.

Abstract: An exhaust gas radiator for at least one of an exhaust gas system and an exhaust gas recirculation system of an internal combustion engine may include an exhaust gas path, which leads from an exhaust gas inlet to an exhaust gas outlet, and a coolant path, which is coupled in a heat-transferring manner to the exhaust gas path. The exhaust gas path may have an inlet region, which includes the exhaust gas inlet and has an inlet cooling capacity. The exhaust gas path may have downstream of the inlet region an intermediate region, which has an intermediate cooling capacity that is lower than the inlet cooling capacity. The exhaust gas path may have downstream of the intermediate region an outlet region, which includes the exhaust gas outlet and has an outlet cooling capacity that is greater than the intermediate cooling capacity.

Abstract: A two-cycle gas engine includes a cylinder, a cylinder head, a piston that defines a combustion chamber with a surrounding wall of the cylinder and the cylinder head, a fuel gas injector, an ignition unit, a scavenging port configured to supply air into the combustion chamber upon the piston being positioned in vicinity of a bottom dead center, a fuel gas injection timing control unit configured to cause the fuel gas injector to inject the fuel gas upon the piston being positioned at 10° to 100° before top dead center in an ascending stroke and to cause the fuel gas injector to inject the fuel gas upon the piston being positioned in vicinity of the top dead center, and an ignition timing control unit configured to ignite the fuel gas inside the combustion chamber upon the piston being positioned in the vicinity of the top dead center.

Abstract: In a certain aspect, some embodiment provides apparatus and methods to facilitate the launching or throwing of streamer rolls, consisting of various paper, plastic and/or other materials, including in particular rolled paper or other material. Various embodiments provide such an apparatus that is safe and easy to use, durable, and/or economical to manufacture.

Abstract: A cutting method of a honeycomb formed body is provided. This is a cutting method of a honeycomb formed body in which, while a kneaded material containing a ceramic raw material is extruded to form a honeycomb formed body with a honeycomb shape having partition walls defining and forming a plurality of cells, the extruded honeycomb formed body is cut before drying by a cutting blade vibrated at a frequency of 0.3 kHz or more in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which this honeycomb formed body moves. It is preferably a cutting method of a honeycomb formed body in which the cutting blade is vibrated at a high frequency of 10 kHz or more.

Abstract: An oven appliance is provided. The oven appliance includes a top panel, a bottom panel, a back panel and a pair of side panels. The top panel, the bottom panel, the back panel and the pair of side panels are mounted to one another with a plurality of fasteners. The top panel, the bottom panel, the back panel and the pair of side panels define a cooking chamber for receiving food items for cooking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a arrangement of at least two glass panels (12, 14, 16) for a heat insulated oven door (10) of a cooking oven. The arrangement of the glass panels (12, 14, 16) is provided as or for a window of the oven door (10). The large-area sides of said glass panels (12, 14, 16) are arranged in parallel. Two neighbored glass panels (12, 14, 16) are arranged with a predetermined distance from each other, so that an intermediate space (24, 24?, 24?) is formed between said neighbored glass panels (12, 14, 16).

Abstract: The barbecue grill is configured to use fluid fuel (e.g., propane), solid fuel (e.g., charcoal or wood), or both. Two solid fuel support grates are provided above a pair of gas burners, so that the gas flame can be used to ignite the solid fuel above the burners. The two solid fuel grates are relatively movable to shake down burned ash into a collection tray below the gas burners. Two flame control grates are installed above the solid fuel grates. The spacing between the flame control grates is adjustable to control the amount of flame and heat passing to the overlying vertically adjustable cooking rack. The two flame control grates are configured to allow liquid fat and juices to run between the members of the upper grate and into corresponding spaced apart channels in the lower grate, where they run off to be collected in a container for disposal.

Abstract: A system and related method for igniting a fuel source through an ignition process with the help of a flammable support. The system comprises a housing, a thermally resistant handle and the flammable support. The housing includes an outer lateral surface, an inner lateral surface, a top portion, a bottom portion, a top opening and a bottom opening. A plurality of vent holes is positioned at the bottom portion. The inner lateral surface includes a plurality of stops. Each of the plurality of stops is attached to each of the plurality of vent holes and is projected towards the inner lateral surface. The flammable support is positioned over the plurality of stops and is designed to store a fuel source thereon. The flammable support is ignited utilizing an igniting means, which facilitates a rapid and uniform ignition of the fuel source inside the housing.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for controlling flame to produce a music-reactive fire display. This system comprises a digital signal analyzer, electronically-controlled burner elements that allow variable control of fuel flow rate, an automatic ignition system, flame detection, and a means of communication between the signal analyzer and the burner elements.

Abstract: A heat directing device for a gas fireplace, which directs warm air into another room or rooms by joining to the home's central heating floor or wall registers. The heat directing device features an electronic damper and a single speed fan, wired in series and controlled by a wall mounted switch located near the gas fireplace. The device is constructed using an 18-gauge single wall pipe, preferably eight inches in diameter. The electronic damper is mounted internally within the wall pipe, and the single speed fan is mounted internally in line with the damper, nearer to the gas fireplace. An extension pipe links the wall pipe output to a Y-shaped member, which is installed within the floor or wall register of a room to be heated.

Abstract: Methods, hydrolyzing diffuser units, and/or biorefineries suitable for use in biofuel production. A method of pre-treating biomass for production of biofuels includes contacting a biomass stream countercurrently with a pretreatment solution stream, and producing a hydrolyzate stream and a pretreated biomass stream. A hydrolyzing diffuser unit includes a series of stages, with an inlet for biomass in one stage and an inlet for a pretreatment solution in another stage, and systems for continually moving biomass, a system that continually withdraws the pretreatment solution to produce a hydrolyzate stream, and a system that continually withdraws pretreated biomass to produce a pretreated biomass stream. A biorefinery includes a hydrolyzer diffuser unit, a saccharification unit, and a conversion unit.

Abstract: The invention provides a sweetener composition comprising a combination of cellulose and a sweetener carbohydrate formed from a combination of at least two carbohydrates selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose and fructose, and a method for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: A medicament delivery device for a disposable container having at least one chamber for a liquid medicament encapsulated in the container by at least one movable plunger. The medicament delivery device is elongated along a longitudinal axis (A), has proximal and distal ends, and includes a housing with proximal housing section configured for accommodating the disposable container and a distal housing section; a plunger rod configured for contacting the movable plunger; and a drive mechanism arranged in the distal housing section for applying, when the medicament delivery device is activated, a force on the movable plunger in a proximal direction via the plunger rod. The plunger rod includes an outer periphery having at least two axially separated recesses or cut-out portions for retaining liquid medicament that leaks along the plunger rod toward the drive mechanism.

Abstract: A filtering device 10 that includes a housing 12 having a plurality of subsections 32, 34, and 36 where each subsection is adapted to receive a filter element 26, 28, and 30. An inlet 18 is disposed at a first location on the housing 12, and an upstream air distribution system is placed in fluid communication with the inlet 18 and with each of the subsections 32, 34, and 36. A downstream air distribution system is located in fluid communication with each subsection 32, 34, and 36, and an outlet 20 in fluid communication with the downstream air distribution system. The upstream and downstream air distribution systems are constructed to cause the same airflow velocity through each subsection. Using such a construction, overall product service life may be increased while minimizing pressure resistance of the total filter.

Abstract: A filtering device 10 that includes a housing 12 having a plurality of subsections 32, 34, and 36 where each subsection contains a filter element 26, 28, and 30. An inlet 18 is disposed at a first location on the housing 12, and an upstream air distribution system is placed in fluid communication with the inlet 18 and with each of the subsections 32, 34, and 36. A downstream air distribution system is located in fluid communication with each subsection 32, 34, and 36, and an outlet 20 is in fluid communication with the downstream air distribution system. The subsections are fashioned such that each subsection 32, 34, and 36 is not in fluid communication with each other. Using a filtering device so constructed, airflow through the device may be better managed to enable overall product service life to be increased while minimizing pressure resistance of the total filter.

Abstract: There is provided herein devices for delivering hydrogen to a subject comprising a flow path including a breather bag and an inhalation outlet for engagement with the subject respiratory system; and a breathing gas supply source comprising hydrogen gas and in fluid communication with the flow path. Also provided are devices for the cutaneous delivery of hydrogen.