Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of a partitioned evaporator for a reversible heat pump system operating in the heating mode. Embodiments include a partitioned evaporator having a first part and a second part, the first part exchanging heat between a working fluid upstream from a reversible metering device, and the working fluid downstream from the reversible metering device. Heat energy from the upstream fluid is recovered and introduced into the first and second parts aiding in the evaporation of the working fluid rather than being rejected and unused.

Abstract: The invention relates to a refrigerating device comprising an evaporator, comprising a fan and a fan housing for generating an air flow on the evaporator, and comprising a bearing shell for retaining the fan housing on the evaporator in a vibration-decoupled manner. The fan housing has at least one first bearing pin and a second bearing pin. The bearing shell has at least one first receiving recess for receiving the first bearing pin in a pivotal manner and a second receiving recess for receiving the second bearing pin, and a pivotal locking element is provided for locking the second bearing pin in the second receiving recess.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling a containerized fluid apparatus has a refrigerant-delivery assembly axially depending from a handle assembly. The handle assembly forms a receptacle for receiving a canister of refrigerant such as pressurized liquid carbon dioxide (CO2). The refrigerant-delivery assembly comprises a supply tube through which refrigerant is fed from the canister in the handle assembly to a refrigerant-containment compartment enclosing an exit port of the supply tube and entry ports of one or more expansion tubes. The refrigerant-containment compartment places the supply tube in fluid-flow communication with the expansion tubes. The expansion tubes are rotatable about the axis of the supply tube. The expansion tubes are made to rotate by either a nozzle-turbine feature or a motor-and-gear subassembly. As refrigerant expands in the expansion tubes it takes on heat in accordance with thermodynamic properties thereby cooling the containerized fluid.

Abstract: Desalination and rinsing methods and systems are provided, which use a liquid column to efficiently perform freeze desalination and enable recyclable washing of produced minerals or combustible material. The liquid column comprises alternating layers of water immiscible liquids and water solutions which form a vertical density gradient (discrete or continuous) and exhibit a lower freezing zone from which ice floats to an upper melting zone. Cooling of introduced upwards flowing salt solutions is carried out by a countering downwards flow of cold water immiscible liquid. The process is cyclical, involves few if any mechanical moving parts and is easily controllable and adaptable to varying desalination circumstances. Rinsing of minerals or combustible material may be integrated in the heat and matter flows of the desalination system to allow effective rinsing, desalination and recycling of the used water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for condensing a carbon dioxide-rich gas stream, wherein a stream of water heated by an exchange of heat with the carbon dioxide-rich stream, which is at least partially condensed, is sent to at least one compressor (3,21) for compressing the carbon dioxide-rich stream or a fluid, the carbon dioxide-rich stream of which is derived, in order to at least partially cool at least one stage of said compressor.

Abstract: In a process for separating a gas rich in carbon dioxide by distillation, the gas rich in carbon dioxide is cooled in a heat exchanger and is sent to a distillation column, a gas depleted in carbon dioxide is withdrawn from the top of the column and a liquid enriched in carbon dioxide is withdrawn from the bottom of the column, a gas enriched in carbon dioxide is compressed in a compressor down to a first pressure and at least one portion of the gas enriched in carbon dioxide originating from the compressor is expanded from the first pressure to a second pressure lower than the first pressure, for example the pressure of the column, and the expanded gas is used to heat the bottom of the column.

Abstract: A system and process for separating ethane and propane from a feed stream comprising dehydrated liquefied petroleum gas is disclosed. A distillation column operates at a lower pressure and temperature than conventional distillation columns. High purity liquid propane exits the bottom of the distillation column and is flashed through a cooling control valve becoming a two-phase stream with the vapor entering a heat pump compressor. The high or increased temperature compressed propane stream exiting the heat pump compressor is directed into the distillation column to drive the separation of the ethane and propane, allowing the elimination of a reboiler from the system and process.

Abstract: A vertically interchangeable and stackable jewelry system which includes a pendant bail clasp and stackable pendants. The bail clasp opens with a hinged lever, which includes a beveled edge opposite the hinged end of the lever. In addition, the clasp contains a complementary beveled edge which locks with the beveled edge of the hinged lever to lock the pendant bail clasp. Each pendant includes a uniform hooking mechanism at an exterior edge to connect pendant to the bail clasp. Differing pendants all have the same hooking, mechanism to facilitate proper stacking. Pendants are available in a variety of shapes, colors, and sizes such an infinite number of combinations are available. The front and back surface of each charm is curved to facilitate vertical stacking of the charms upon and beneath each other. The present jewelry system also includes an interior view when ornaments have renter openings and are vertically stacked.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a glass article having a three-dimensional shape includes heating a glass article blank to a temperature above a setting temperature and coupling the glass article blank to an open-faced mold. The open-faced mold includes a molding region that has a three-dimensional shape that generally corresponds to the shape of the glass article and has an anisothermal temperature profile within the molding region. The method further includes maintaining an anisothermal temperature profile along the glass article blank and cooling the glass article blank while the glass article blank is coupled to the molding region of the open-faced mold to set the shape of the glass article.

Abstract: Provided is a vacuum pumping device and a related method for manufacturing a vacuum glazing. The vacuum pumping device includes: a circular tubular pumping operation unit; a cylindrical pump-out hole sealing operation unit; a control part; and a driving device. The pumping operation unit and the pump-out hole sealing operation unit share a central axis, and form a cylinder with the former being outside and the latter being inside. A pumping channel is formed in a tube wall of the pumping operation unit, and a heating unit is disposed in the top portion inside the pump-out hole sealing operation unit. The control part time-sequentially controls the pumping operation unit and the pump-out hole sealing operation unit to move, controls the pumping channel to perform operations, and controls the heating unit to heat a sealing sheet to perform a pump-out hole sealing operation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for processing a columnar curved tempered glass. The method specifically comprises the following steps. Bending and tempering of the high temperature flat glass are divided into two stations. Bending is firstly carried out on the high temperature flat glass output by a heating furnace; the columnar extending direction of the curved glass is perpendicular to the direction the glass output from the heating furnace in the bending process, and then the formed curved glass is output to a tempering station in the columnar extending direction thereof to undergo tempering. In the present invention, bending and tempering of the high temperature flat glass are completed by two stations to break the normal procedure that bending and tempering are carried out by a single bending device intensively, thereby providing a novel technological approach for processing the columnar curved tempered glass.

Abstract: A laundry treating appliance having a rotatable container at least partially defining a treating chamber for receiving laundry for treatment according to an automatic cycle of operation and a motor rotationally driving the rotating chamber and a method of predicting mechanical degradation in a laundry treating appliance where the method includes rotating a rotatable container with a motor, monitoring over time a torque signal during the rotating, repeatedly determining over time a friction value from the torque signal, and predicting mechanical degradation based on a determined change in the friction value.

Abstract: A truck box is provided having latch elements, one or more locking mechanisms and a keyless entry system which is operative independently of the locking mechanisms to move the latch elements to an unlatched position in order to permit opening of the lid of the truck box.

Abstract: A key assembly is disclosed. The key assembly may have a blade with a head portion, a shank, and a transition region connecting the head portion to the shank. The key assembly may also have a head configured to receive the blade. The head may have a shoulder located at the transition region to limit engagement of the head with the blade, and at least one tang located at an end of the head opposite the shoulder. The at least one tang may be configured to engage a recess located within a side of the head portion and inhibit removal of the head from the blade.

Abstract: A key assembly is disclosed. The key assembly may have a blade, and a head configured to receive the blade. The key assembly may also have a locking feature separate from the blade and the head. The locking feature may be received by the head and configured to inhibit removal of the blade from the head via interference. The locking feature may deform during connection to the blade.

Abstract: A cylinder lock which is used for locking compartments, boxes, storages etc. The cylinder lock comprises a cylinder body, an inner cylinder and a rotating part. The front part of the inner cylinder is provided with a rotary knob. The lock cylinder comprises a spring, which is arranged to push the rotary knob outwards. When the cylinder lock is locked, the rotary knob is in the inner position primarily inside the cylinder lock. When the cylinder lock is unlocked, the rotary knob is in the outer position as pushed by a spring, in which position it can be rotated to close and open a box, storage etc. without a key.

Abstract: Composting Appliances are useful in reducing waste.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fertiliser comprising nutrients adsorbed onto a core material comprising a carbonate mineral. Also provided are methods of producing a solid fertiliser, the method comprising adsorbing nutrients onto a core material comprising a carbonate mineral. The invention also provides a method for treating waste material by anaerobic digestion to produce a nutrient rich liquor and adsorbing nutrients from this liquor onto a core material comprising a carbonate mineral. Also provided are the uses of a carbonate mineral for adsorbing phosphorus from anaerobic digestion liquor and for the control release of phosphorus from a fertiliser.

Abstract: The present invention is a casting product reduction apparatus that applies reduction to a casting product drawn from a mold with a sufficient reduction force and thereby can surely decrease center segregation and porosity and suppress occurrence of internal cracks so as to manufacture a high-quality casting product and includes: a pair of casting product press rolls that hold and press the casting product therebetween; backup rolls that support the casting product press rolls; and a pair of frames arranged to face each other, wherein three or more sets of the casting product press roll and the backup roll are arranged in a casting product drawing direction on each of the frames, and wherein a reduction means that decreases and increases a distance between the frames is provided at two or more places on the pair of frames.

Abstract: A vibration damping system by means of a hydraulic actuation system, in particular for rolling mills, comprising at least one hydraulic actuator (1) having a movable part (11) and a corresponding hydraulic feeding circuit (2), and hydraulic damping means (3) for a vibrating force acting on the movable part (11) of the hydraulic actuator (1); the damping means (3) being connected to the hydraulic circuit (2) to actuate a damping of the vibrating force, wherein that the damping means (3) comprise a double chamber cylinder (31) having a first chamber (34) hydraulically connected to the hydraulic circuit (2), and a movable part (35) connected to an electric damping part (32), with the first chamber (34) hydraulically connected to and communicating with the second chamber (33) of the double chamber cylinder (31) by means of a calibrated pipe (36).

Abstract: The presently-disclosed subject matter relates to an apparatus and methods for extruding a material. Embodiments of the apparatus comprise a chamber that includes an opening that faces at least a downstream side of the chamber, a die slideably received by the opening that includes a channel that is in fluid communication with the chamber, and a base portion that includes a fixture, the fixture being annular and configured to couple to a downstream side of the die. Embodiments of methods for extruding the material can include providing the apparatus, placing a material in an original state within the opening of the chamber, applying a force to an upstream side of the chamber to thereby push the material through the channel of the die, and collecting the material in a modified state downstream of the fixture.

Abstract: A method of forming a sheet metal component includes the steps of initially forming a profiled blank from a metal sheet and then identifying on a surface of the blank, one or more wrinkle lines across which a buckling stress exceeds a critical buckling stress limit. Then at least one slot is cut into in the profiled blank, with the or each slot extending entirely through a thickness of the profiled blank and being coincident with one of the wrinkle lines, and a hole is cut at one end of the slot with the hole having a diameter greater than a lateral width of the slot. The profiled blank is then processed in a pressing operation to form a shaped blank with one or more welding operations being carried out on the shaped blank along each slot to produce a finished sheet metal component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed which are suitable for use in the manufacture of two-piece metal containers. In particular, a way of making cups from metal sheet is disclosed using a combination of stretching and drawing operations. The resulting cups have the advantage of having a base thickness that is thinner relative to the ingoing gauge of the metal sheet.

Abstract: A system and method for straightening a bent tine of a baler tooth includes a holding member having a narrow opening for temporarily inserting a first section of the bent tine between a bend in the bent tine and a tooth coil of the baler tooth and for firmly gripping the first section of the bent tine to be straightened. Also, a straightening member having a narrow opening for temporarily inserting a second section of the bent tine between the bend in the bent tine and a free end of the bent tine and for straightening the second section of the bent tine while the first section is firmly gripped by the holding member.

Abstract: A tool and method of hemming a panel wherein the tool engages a flange to apply a compressive force with a stop initially preventing a distal end of the flange from moving inwardly. The hemming tool bends the intermediate portion of the flange between the flange bend and the distal end toward the panel. The stop is withdrawn to allow the flange to be progressively formed toward the panel until the distal end is aligned with the intermediate portion.

Abstract: A bending machine with a cam made up of two articulated arms, comprising a main roller that is coaxial with the axis of articulation of the arms, the end of the short portion of each one of the arms having means for exerting a bending force on a rod, wherein the means are made up of eyelets, each one of the eyelets being mounted on the end of the short portion of one of the arms in a rotatably mobile manner about an axis parallel to the axis of the main roller.

Abstract: A method for determining a polarization of a pump cell and/or a Nernst cell of a lambda probe for the diagnosis of the broadband lambda probe. A voltage or current pulse is applied to the pump/Nernst cell in a first method task, and, in a second method task, a voltage at the pump cell and/or the Nernst cell, or a variable that is related to the polarization or its time characteristic is determined and used as a measure of the polarization, and the function of the broadband lambda probe is monitored via the ascertained polarization. The determination of the polarization may be performed as a voltage measurement performed once or multiple times, or by determining the effect of the polarization in an associated controller, such as a pump current controller of an engine control unit. The variable associated with the polarization may be the reaction of the pump current control.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for measuring a palmar gripping force, comprising a device (1) for measuring said palmar gripping force, which device comprises: a handle configured to receive a palmar gripping force; a force sensor (3); and an electronic module (6) integrated into the device and comprising at least one microcontroller (61) connected to the sensor (3) and able to process data originating from said sensor (3), characterised in that the force sensor comprises a stress gauge with a minimum precision of 50 g; a controlling system is also provided and comprises means able to do the following: calibrate the sensor using a linear calibration curve; and transmit the sensor measurements to a display unit (8) and/or a storage unit and/or a processing unit, preferably via wired or wireless means.

Abstract: A method of verifying the performance of a size standard, formed of a plurality of size standard elements, used in a nucleic acid analysis method is provided. The verification is achieved by introducing the size standard to an analysis stage and performing a size based separation on the size standard. The size based separation defines an experimental position for each size standard element. A comparison is made as to whether or not the experimental position for the size standard element corresponds with expected position. The comparison allows a decision to be made on whether or not to use the size standard, which is dependent upon whether or not the experimental position of the size standard element corresponds with the expected position.

Abstract: A non-destructive method for analyzing a cork stopper for the presence of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole. The stopper is introduced into a hermetically closed container. The container containing the stopper is heated under conditions vaporizing any 2,4,6-trichloroanisole present in the stopper. A gaseous sample of the atmosphere surrounding the stopper in the container is collected and analyzed for the presence of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole. This method allows the selection, in a batch of cork stoppers, of the stoppers that are substantially free of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole, in a non-destructive manner.

Abstract: A method and a device for monitoring gas sensors in an internal combustion engine, in which in a steady-state operation of the internal combustion engine, the output signal of the gas sensor is filtered by a high-pass filter and higher-frequency signal components are analyzed by a comparison with an appropriately processed model value. When using the method and the device for executing the method, electrically oscillating gas sensors or the incoupling of interference variables or faults in the evaluation circuit, especially in the case of exhaust gas sensors in an exhaust-gas purification and reducing system, are able to be detected, which minimizes faulty interpretations in a dynamic diagnosis. This monitoring function is advantageously combinable with dynamic diagnosis functions that likewise analyze higher-frequency signal components by a comparison with appropriately processed model values. This increases the operational reliability of the exhaust-gas purification or reducing system.

Abstract: A gas concentration image (i.e., concentration vs. position data) in a cross section through a gas plume is obtained. Such measurements can be obtained by moving a 1D array of gas sample inlets through the gas plume. By combining a gas concentration image with ambient flow information through the surface of the gas concentration image, the leak rate (i.e., gas flux) from the leak source can be estimated. Multiple gas analysis instruments can be employed in connection with sweeping a 1-D array of measurement ports through the gas plume in order to reduce analysis time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a core-shell nanoparticle, a method of fabricating the same and a gas sensor using the same, more particularly to a core-shell nanoparticle which includes a core including a first metal oxide and a shell including a second metal oxide, the first metal oxide and the second metal oxide being oxides of the same metal having different oxidation states, a method of fabricating the same and a gas sensor using the same.

Abstract: Compression testing apparatus for analyzing porous materials includes a cylindrical channel having a central bore, solid outside, upper and lower walls, the inner edge of the channel being open to the inner bore. A flexible sealing member having a central bore concentric to the bore of the cylindrical channel opposes the edge of the channel. The flexible walls of the flexible member overlap with and are sealingly affixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the channel. The central bore of the flexible sealing member thus forms a sample chamber for porous material to be tested. Top and bottom sealing members cover the sample chamber and a gas inlet enters through the outside wall of the cylindrical channel for applying biaxial or radial compression on the test material. Triaxial compression is applied with addition of a weight or piston sealingly engaged within the central bore of the flexible sealing member.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that includes determining a current level of a plurality of lubricant parameters present in a portion of lubricant, comparing the current level of each of the plurality of lubricant parameters to a threshold value corresponding to each of the plurality of lubricant parameters, analyzing a priority of each of the lubricant parameters, and determining a health status of the lubricant in response to the comparing and the analyzing.

Abstract: Method and system is described to enhance operations for managing the hydrocarbon release. The system utilizes an airborne detection device equipped with measurement components and communication components. The system may utilize various measurement techniques to determine the thickness of the oil slick. This remote detection method may provide a dedicated airborne detection device for each response vessel and that can identify the location and thickness of the oil slick.

Abstract: A filter device including a probe where a filter element probe first end selectively engages with a sensing unit located in a filter head and a filter element probe second end is located in a contaminant portion of a filter canister. The probe fixedly engages through the filter element utilizing a sealing component. The filter element is disposed in the filter canister that engages with the filter head.

Abstract: A supercritical fluid chromatography system is provided with an injection valve subsystem for introducing a sample into a flow of mobile phase fluid. The injection valve subsystem includes an auxiliary valve and an inject valve. The operations of the auxiliary and inject valves are coordinated in such a manner as to reduce sample carry-over and system pressure perturbations occurring during sample injection.

Abstract: An edge sharpness measurement apparatus includes a clamp for securing a test medium against a frictional member, and an engagement mechanism for a normal force, such that the normal force directs the test medium against the frictional member with a force based on operational conditions of the test medium. A further engagement mechanism is for a tangential force, in which the engagement mechanism is adapted to increase the tangential force to identify a tangential force sufficient to dispose the frictional member across the test medium. A pivot defines an angle of application of the tangential force relative to the normal force, such that disposing the frictional member across the test medium defines a point of overcoming frictional forces between the test medium and the frictional member. A measurement device, such as a gauge or range on a spring, measures the tangential force sufficient to dispose the frictional member.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor pressure compensation system includes a static pressure compensation module to receive an oxygen sensor signal from an oxygen sensor and a pressure signal from a pressure sensor and to perform static pressure compensation. A dynamic pressure compensation module receives the oxygen sensor signal and the pressure signal and to perform dynamic pressure compensation. A summing module generates a compensated oxygen signal based on the static pressure compensation and the dynamic pressure compensation.

Abstract: A method for specifying a malfunction of an exhaust gas recirculation system of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, including: setting a first operating point of the engine and a first operating state of the fresh air/exhaust gas system as vehicle conditioning in a first measurement setting; measuring volumetric efficiencies of the engine for the first measurement setting and for at least one additional measurement setting, and comparing the measured volumetric efficiencies with an engine characteristics map stored in a memory unit for volumetric efficiency values of the engine, and ascertaining whether a malfunction is present during the exhaust gas recirculation process based on the comparison; and specifying the malfunction of the exhaust gas recirculation system while taking into account the measuring results for the first measurement setting and for the at least one additional measurement setting and the stored engine characteristics map for volumetric efficiency values.

Abstract: The monitoring of a brake is disclosed. The brake includes first and second braking surfaces and a magnetizing device arranged to move the braking surfaces to an open state, in which the braking surfaces are separated from each other, and to a closed state, in which the braking surfaces are connected to each other. During the monitoring of the brake, the time is measured that elapses from the change in the magnetic field caused by the magnetizing device to the shift of the braking surfaces from one state to another.

Abstract: A hydraulic cylinder stroke operation diagnosis assisting device includes: movable portions that are sequentially supported by a vehicle body in a rotatable manner; a hydraulic cylinder between the vehicle body and each movable portion or between the movable portions to support the movable portions in a rotatable manner; a stroke sensor in the hydraulic cylinder to measure a stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder; a reset sensor measuring a reference reset point in which a value of the stroke length measured by the stroke sensor is reset; a stroke end detection unit detecting a stroke end position of the hydraulic cylinder; a calibration unit calibrating the measured value of the stroke length when the reference reset point and/or the stroke end position are detected; and a monitor displaying at least the measured value of the stroke length and a calibration state by the calibration unit.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring a predetermined fill level of a medium in a container, including a mechanically oscillatable unit, a driving/receiving unit for exciting the mechanically oscillatable unit to execute mechanical oscillations and for receiving the oscillations of the mechanically oscillatable unit, and an electronics unit for producing an electrical exciter signal and for evaluating an electrical, received signal.

Abstract: A fluid monitoring apparatus to simultaneously detect the temperature and level of fluid within a container includes a translucent tube with a proximal end, a distal end, an aperture within the wall of the tube proximate the proximal end of the tube, the distal end able to extend into the fluid container, a thermocouple secured within the tube and tethered via a wire disposable through the aperture in the tube wall, the wire including a first end secured to the thermocouple and a second end secured to a display device to display the temperature of the fluid, and a cap secured to the proximal end of the tube to create a pressure within the tube sufficient to cause the fluid that fills the distal end of the tube to remain in the tube, thereby permitting a user to determine the fluid level of the container.

Abstract: An integrated humidity sensor includes at least one measuring capacitor and one humidity-sensitive polymer as a dielectric that is also suited for use in a dirty, i.e., particle-laden measurement environment. The measuring capacitor of the humidity sensor is in the form of a plate capacitor in the layered structure of the sensor element, the outer of two electrodes being located at the surface of the layered structure. Disposed between the two electrodes of the measuring capacitor is a humidity-sensitive polymer layer that is in direct contact with the measurement environment via humidity-permeable paths in the outer electrode of the measuring capacitor. These humidity-permeable paths extend from the surface of sensor element to the polymer layer, and are so small in lateral extent that they do not significantly affect the electrical conductivity within the outer electrode.

Abstract: A sensor housing container comprises a container having an opening, a lid that covers the opening, and a sensor housing body that can be pulled out of the opening of the container. The sensor housing body includes a sensor case, a plurality of sensors, and a spring that biases these sensors. The sensor case is provided with a sensor discharge port at the portion where the sensors are biased by the spring. Also, this sensor discharge port is provided with a guide protrusion for aligning the sensor discharge port with a sensor insertion port of a measurement device. Furthermore, the inner face of the container is provided with a push-out protrusion that contacts with the end of the sensors on the opposite side from electrodes, at the portion corresponding to the end of the sensors on the opposite side from the electrodes inside the sensor case.

Abstract: An imbalance measurement machine for determining tire imbalance has a hollow shaft rotatably driven relative to a fixed hollow axle. A tubular air feed for filling the tire with air is centered within and rotates with the shaft to rotate the tire for determining imbalance. An air hose is connected to a rotational coupling disposed at an air feed end that faces away from the tire. Force transducers between the axle and a machine bed measure forces that occur there during operation. The air hose is attached not only to the rotational coupling but also to the axle, at a distance from the rotational coupling. An alternative embodiment omits the rotational coupling and fills the tire in the resting state of the shaft, via the air hose and the non-rotating air feed. Subsequently, the air hose is separated from the air feed, and the tire retains the supplied air.

Abstract: A photoacoustic wave measurement device includes: (a) a pulsed-light outputter that outputs a pulsed light; (b) an arrangement member disposed between a pulsed-light output end of the pulsed-light outputter and a measurement object, the arrangement member being adapted to allow the pulsed light to pass therethrough; and (c) a photoacoustic wave detector that receives a photoacoustic wave generated by the measurement object by the pulsed light and that converts the photoacoustic wave into an electric signal, the photoacoustic wave measurement device being adapted to receive the electric signal from a photoacoustic wave sensor in which the photoacoustic wave detector is farther from the measurement object than the pulsed-light output end.

Abstract: A resonant pressure sensor includes a first substrate including a diaphragm and at least one projection disposed on the diaphragm, and at least one resonator disposed in the first substrate, at least a part of the resonator being included in the projection, and the resonator being disposed between a top of the projection and an intermediate level of the first substrate.