Abstract: A system including a fluid injection system configured to removably couple to a mineral extraction system, wherein the fluid injection system includes a fluid injection system controller, a flow meter system coupled to the fluid injection system controller, wherein the flow meter system is configured to measure a fluid flow of a fluid through the fluid injection system, an adjustable valve configured to control the fluid flow through the fluid injection system, and a non-return valve configured to block reverse flow of the fluid through the fluid injection system, wherein the fluid injection system controller, the flow meter system, the adjustable valve, and the non-return valve are coupled to a common housing.

Abstract: A submersible vessel comprising: an elongated hull; at least one propeller mounted on a forward end of said hull and adapted to move said hull through water; said at least one propeller being of a size and configuration such that when it is rotated at an appropriate speed, it generates supercavitated water flowing from said at least one propeller and thence along an outer surface of said hull so as to diminish friction on the outer surface of said hull and facilitate high underwater speeds.

Abstract: A vehicle instrument panel assembly that includes a display, a pointer, and a light detector. The display is configured to define indicia on a surface of the display. The indicia are configured to emit light. The pointer is configured to rotate a shaft of the pointer about an axis to align a tip of the pointer with the indicia. The pointer is also configured to conduct light emitted by the indicia from the tip into the shaft when the tip is substantially aligned with the indicia. The light detector is configured to detect light in the shaft of the pointer to determine the position of the pointer.

Abstract: An instrument panel having a pointer includes a pointer rotatably centered on a point to pass a numerical region. The pointer may include a transparent portion formed at the numerical region making the numerical region visible from outside of the instrument panel. A first color portion is formed on an outer end portion of the pointer so as to be seen in a first color, and a second color portion is formed on a center of the pointer so as to be seen in a second color.

Abstract: A holder according to one embodiment is a holder which is used in a solution growth method of growing a crystal on a lower surface of a seed crystal by contacting the lower surface of the seed crystal with a solution of silicon including carbon in a crucible having an opening on an upper end thereof. The holder includes: a holding member which holds the seed crystal on a lower surface; the seed crystal which is held on the lower surface of the holding member, has an upper surface larger than the lower surface, and is made of silicon carbide; and a suppressing member which is fixed to a side surface of the holding member, continues from the side surface to outside further outward than an outer circumference of the seed crystal in plan view, and suppresses upward movement of vapor from the solution.

Abstract: A method of producing silicon carbide is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation. The hot zone comprises a crucible with a silicon carbide precursor positioned in the lower region and a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region. The hot zone is heated to sublimate the silicon carbide precursor, forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed. Also disclosed is the sublimation furnace to produce the silicon carbide as well as the resulting silicon carbide material.

Abstract: A method of producing silicon carbide is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation. The hot zone comprises a crucible with a silicon carbide precursor positioned in the lower region and a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region. The hot zone is heated to sublimate the silicon carbide precursor, forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed. Also disclosed is the sublimation furnace to produce the silicon carbide as well as the resulting silicon carbide material.

Abstract: A method of producing silicon carbide is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation. The hot zone comprises a crucible with a silicon carbide precursor positioned in the lower region and a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region. The hot zone is heated to sublimate the silicon carbide precursor, forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed. Also disclosed is the sublimation furnace to produce the silicon carbide as well as the resulting silicon carbide material.

Abstract: An applicator head for a vacuum coating system includes two applicator manifolds. Each applicator manifold includes two coupled manifold plates, with one including a manifold aperture, and each is affixed to the respective shell plate so that each manifold aperture aligns with the respective shell aperture. An applicator channel is formed between the manifold plates of each applicator manifold, and the applicator channel is fluidically coupled to the manifold aperture of each respective applicator manifold. Each applicator channel forms an applicator port at a leading edge of each respective applicator manifold, and each leading edge is configured to be complementary in shape to an edge of a workpiece to be coated. First and second face plates are disposed over the leading edges of the applicator manifolds, and each face plate includes a beveled edge disposed over each of the applicator ports.

Abstract: An applicator head for a vacuum coating system includes two applicator manifolds. Each applicator manifold includes two coupled manifold plates, with one including a manifold aperture, and each is affixed to the respective shell plate so that each manifold aperture aligns with the respective shell aperture. An applicator channel is formed between the manifold plates of each applicator manifold, and the applicator channel is fluidically coupled to the manifold aperture of each respective applicator manifold. Each applicator channel forms an applicator port at a leading edge of each respective applicator manifold, and each leading edge is configured to be complementary in shape to an edge of a workpiece to be coated. One of the applicator channels includes a flow channel, which directs more of the liquid through a portion of the respective applicator port. First and second face plates are disposed over the leading edges of the applicator manifolds.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus includes: a substrate holding unit which horizontally holds a substrate; a substrate rotating unit which rotates the substrate held by the substrate holding unit about a vertical axis; a treatment liquid supplying unit which supplies a treatment liquid to an upper surface of the substrate held by the substrate holding unit; an opposing member to be located in opposed spaced relation to the upper surface of the substrate held by the substrate holding unit in contact with a film of the treatment liquid formed on the upper surface of the substrate so as to receive a lift force from the liquid film; a support member which supports the opposing member; and an opposing member holding mechanism which causes the support member to hold the opposing member in a vertically relatively movable manner.

Abstract: A method of making a gas separation membrane system by providing a porous support material having deposited thereon a metal membrane layer and imposing upon the surface thereof certain surface characteristics that provide for surface activation that enhances the placement thereon of a subsequent metal membrane layer. The gas separation membrane system is useful in the separation of hydrogen from hydrogen-containing gas streams.

Abstract: A two roller impregnator for impregnating a fiber with (catalyzed) resin. The resin is kept directly above the two rollers and enclosed with a set of dams to create a resin pool. A different resin pool may be generated for each roller. The resin release mechanism facilitates for the resin and if necessary, a catalyst, to be released into the resin pool(s). Temperature of the resin pool can be controlled, along with the temperature of each roller. A post-impregnation catalyst activator can be utilized to activate the catalyst.

Abstract: An installation for dip coating articles, which are movable up to and away from at least one dip tank with the aid of a transport system. In order to be dipped and removed, they are moved onto a rotary platform of at least one stationary rotary station and are dipped into and removed from the treatment liquid by rotation of the rotary platform. Each article is fastened with the aid of a fastening device to a skid which interacts with the transport system. The fastening device has a holding structure for the article and at least two rockers which are U- or V-shaped and are fastened in a pivotable manner to the holding structure at their vertex. The two arms of the U or V have a slot into which one guide pin fastened to the skid engages and slides in the corresponding slot upon rotation of the skid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for strip guidance in a hot medium, comprising a deflection roller (3, 38) mounted on supporting arms (1, 2, 34, 37, 54, 57) and a carrier device holding the supporting arms (1, 2, 34, 37, 54, 57). The device is characterized in that one of the supporting arms (1, 2, 34, 37, 54, 57) is mounted on the carrier device by means of a floating bearing (5), wherein the floating bearing (5) allows the mounted supporting arm on the carrier device to move parallel to the longitudinal direction of the deflection roller (3, 38), and in that an elastic counter element (12), which acts parallel to the longitudinal direction of the deflection roller (3, 38) upon the supporting arm (1, 2, 34, 37, 54, 57) mounted on the floating bearing (5), is present and counteracts an increasing distance between the supporting arms (1, 2, 34, 37, 54, 57).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a metal mask. A method of manufacturing a metal mask in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes forming through holes in a plate using a laser, by scanning the laser onto sequentially smaller overlapping portions of the plate.

Abstract: [Object] To provide techniques such as a mask adjustment unit capable of appropriately adjusting the position of a mask pattern. [Solving Means] A mask adjustment unit according to the present technology includes a base body, a movable member, and an adjustment mechanism. The movable member supports a side of an outer edge portion of a mask main body and is movably provided on the base body, the mask main body having the outer edge portion. The adjustment mechanism applies, to the mask body via the movable member, both pulling tension force from the outer edge portion of the mask main body to outside of the mask main body and pressing force pressing from the outer edge portion to inside of the mask main body, the mask body being supported by the movable member.

Abstract: A method of producing silicon carbide is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation. The hot zone comprises a crucible with a silicon carbide precursor positioned in the lower region and a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region. The hot zone is heated to sublimate the silicon carbide precursor, forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed. Also disclosed is the sublimation furnace to produce the silicon carbide as well as the resulting silicon carbide material.

Abstract: In order to avoid negative changes in the teat ends of a cow, in particular to avoid hyperkeratoses, the invention proposes a method for operating a milking system in which at least one of the parameters from total pressure per cycle, minimum total pressure per cycle or the ratio of total suction to total pressure is determined for at least one animal of a herd during at least one part of a milking process, and is compared with at least one reference value.

Abstract: A pet bed that includes a bed surface surrounded by panels where the entire bed surface and panels are made of memory foam. In one particular embodiment, the pet bed is rectangular in shape with side, front and rear panels surrounding the bed surface. Another particular embodiment relates to a circular or round bed surface surrounded by a rear panel where the bed may be shallow or deep in depth.

Abstract: Disclosed is a self-supporting elevated feeding tray apparatus including a tray, a tray riser and a base, where the tray is watertight and the tray, tray riser, and base are integrally formed from the same material. Fill level indicia or marks allow a precise amount of food to be placed in the tray. Also disclosed is a blank for forming the elevated feeding tray apparatus including the panels that form the tray as well as a tray riser and a base. Also disclosed is a method of forming an elevated feeding tray apparatus including the steps of preparing a blank, bending the blank, forming an indentation in at least one bend, and making the seams between the side walls of the tray and at least one tray bottom panel watertight.

Abstract: A food retainer adapted to receive food to be eaten by a domestic animal. The food retainer has a base and a number of protrusions extending from the upper surface of the base of the food retainer in mutual distances from each other. At least some of the protrusions are substantially higher than the remainder of those on the food retainer. The structure of the food retainer forces the animal to struggle for the food, thereby performing an exercise that keeps the animal healthy and active and stimulates the intelligence and physique of the animal.

Abstract: A feeder is provided for animals selected from domestic pets, cage birds, chickens, fish and wild birds. The feeder has a hopper adapted to hold a supply of dry feed. A chamber is adapted to receive feed by gravity from a lower portion of the hopper, and has a discharge outlet at one axial end of the chamber. A passage is defined from and includes the chamber and extends to an opening at the distal end of the discharge outlet for discharge of feed from the feeder. An auger is mounted for rotation about an axis within said chamber. The auger is adapted as it rotates to move feed along the passage to be discharged at the distal end of the discharge outlet. A shutter is adapted to occlude the passage and is provided within the discharge outlet. The shutter is coupled to and rotates with the auger. The shutter has a forward edge and a trailing edge defined in relation to the direction of rotation. The discharge outlet is provided with an enlarged end portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a dispenser system includes: providing a housing including a front side; coupling a mechanism to the front side of the housing, the mechanism including a drive system and a storage unit; and connecting a circuit to the mechanism configured to dispense a consumable product contained in the storage unit after a remote command is received by the circuit.

Abstract: A method of operating a container system for providing a hydrating liquid solution to a pet includes: providing a front side including a peripheral seal, the front side coupled to a back side and to peripheral sides for containing the hydrating liquid solution; and breaking the peripheral seal to expose the hydrating liquid solution from a top of the container system.

Abstract: An apparatus placed on the floor, in front of a litter box so when a cat exit a litter box, the litter material dislodging under its paws remains in the enclosed apparatus preventing that litter from scattering all over the floors. The apparatus can be easily and conveniently removed to sweep or vacuum the litter material on the floor. If the cat doesn't object, a puppy training pad, carpet or other similar object can be placed on the floor, inside the apparatus, to help collect the litter. The collected litter material can be recycled into the litter box or discarded.

Abstract: An enclosure pod for housing and protection of an animal comprises a water-proof hardened structural shell defining a chamber; a door providing entry and exit from the chamber; an air supply system configured to provide sufficient life-sustaining air to the chamber; a lighting system configured to provide ambient lighting to the chamber; a food/water/medicine dispenser; a vitals measuring device; a camera including a speaker and microphone; a global positioning system; a communication system including a transceiver and an antenna; a strobe light; a beacon; a waste containment system; and a computer in communication with the door, the air supply system, lighting system, food/water/medicine dispenser, global positioning system, camera, vitals measuring device, and communication system, the computer being configured to automatically control and in response to remote control of the operations of these elements.

Abstract: A pet exercise and amusement device is provided that attaches a pet toy to a pet collar. The device includes a chain link assembly, a ball, and a clamping means for attaching the chain link assembly and ball to a pet collar. In a preferred embodiment, a hollow ball with a through hole is provided that accepts the chain link assembly therethrough. The chain link assembly includes a plurality of links with a clamp on one end and a ball retention element along the opposing end. Another contemplated embodiment includes a solid ball and an attachment loop adapted to provide connection to the chain link assembly. The device attaches to a pet collar for continuous exercise or amusement, and for preventing the pet from losing the toy while engaged therewith. The device can also be rapidly configured into different toys based on pet owner or pet needs.

Abstract: An animal deterrent device includes an elongated carrier having a conductive trace. The carrier can further include a bottom surface with a tread pattern having a pattern of grooves. The conductive trace can be coupled to the carrier by a fastener that extends from the conductive trace to the pattern of grooves, which can prevent water from contacting the fastener and shorting the conductive trace.

Abstract: A self contained support kit includes a utility envelope configured to be removably secured to an animal garment, such as a sweater or shirt, for the deployment of a diaper coupler to grip and hold a diaper in its intended animal protective position; the animal garment and the diaper being separate articles of clothing worn by an animal; one for substantially covering the fore section of the animal and one for substantially covering the hind section of the animal.

Abstract: A ventilation structure of an engine compartment that houses an engine and is adjacent to a cooling fan that supplies cooling air to a heat exchanger in a form of a radiator is provided. A ventilation structure of the engine compartment includes: an exterior cover with which the engine and the cooling fan are covered; and a ventilation duct that includes an inner surface of the exterior cover, in which a first end of the ventilation duct is open in the engine compartment while a second end of the ventilation duct intercommunicates with a surrounding area of the cooling fan.

Abstract: A control valve for a lubricant nozzle for cooling a piston of an internal combustion engine includes at least one passage opening through which lubricant can flow, a control part which is movable in a respective movement direction and which, as a function of its position, forms an opening cross section with the passage opening for at least partially opening up or for closing off the passage opening, and an actuation part which moves the control part as a function of a pressure of the lubricant between at least one first position in the presence of a first pressure, a second position in the presence of a second pressure and a third position in the presence of a third pressure of the lubricant. The second pressure is higher than the first pressure and lower than the third pressure, wherein the opening cross section formed in the second position is larger than the opening cross sections in the first position and in the third position.

Abstract: An EGR gas cooling system of the present invention includes a main cooling water circuit which circulates cooling water between an engine, a main radiator that radiates heat of the cooling water of the engine and a primary EGR cooler that cools EGR gas by the cooling water and a low temperature cooling water circuit which circulates the cooling water between the engine, a sub-radiator provided integrally with or separately from the main radiator to radiate heat in the cooling water and a secondary EGR cooler that cools the EGR gas by the cooling water. A flow rate controller which controls a flow rate of the cooling water is provided between the engine and the sub-radiator of the low temperature cooling water circuit.

Abstract: A multiple variable valve lift apparatus connected with a valve opening and closing unit which is adapted to rolling-contact one end thereof with a cam and is operated to open or close by a rotation of the cam, and operating to select the cam which is rolling-contacted with the valve opening and closing unit for changing a valve lift, may include a normal cam rolling-contacting with the valve opening and closing unit so as to realize a normal lift of a predetermined valve, and a low cam rolling-contacting with the valve opening and closing unit so as to realize a valve lift which is lower and longer than the normal lift realized by the normal cam, wherein the normal cam or the low cam is selectively rolling-contacted to the valve opening/closing unit according to a driving state.

Abstract: An engine having a variable valve timing device of the present invention may include a valve disposed to open/close a port, an elastic member for supporting the valve elastically to close the port, a first camshaft having a first cam formed thereon for moving the valve to open the port as the first camshaft rotates, a second camshaft having a second cam formed thereon for moving the valve to close the port as the second camshaft rotates, a first variable rotation mechanism for advancing or retarding the rotation of the first camshaft, and a second variable rotation mechanism for advancing or retarding the rotation of the second camshaft.

Abstract: A continuously variable valve lift/timing apparatus includes: a cam provided on a camshaft; a swing arm rotatable about a first end connected to a cylinder head and includes a second end; an actuating arm which includes: a rotation shaft rotatably coupled to the second end; an output cam coupled to the rotation shaft and has an output surface; and an input roller connected to the rotation shaft and comes into contact with the cam, and of which a relative distance with respect to the rotation shaft is variable; a valve opening and closing unit which comes into contact with the output surface so as to be opened and closed; a swing arm control unit which varies a relative position of the second end; and a lift timing control unit which varies a relative position of the input unit.

Abstract: An engine having a variable valve timing mechanism may include a camshaft having a cam formed thereon for moving an intake or exhaust valve, a variable rotation unit disposed on the same axis with the camshaft to rotate the camshaft to have a retard angle chamber and an advance angle chamber for controlling a retard angle and an advance angle of the camshaft, a variable valve bolt having a fastening portion for fastening the variable rotation unit to the camshaft, and an oil control valve for making selective supply of hydraulic oil to the retard angle chamber and the advance angle chamber, and a valve controller disposed on an outer side of the variable rotation unit for controlling the oil control valve in the variable valve bolt.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved variable cam phaser for an automobile engine equipped with a controller capable of enabling execution of a given phase angle varying command in a shortened response time. The variable cam phaser has two control rotors which are arranged coaxial with a camshaft and rotatable relative to each other under the influence of two electromagnetic actuators and driven by the crankshaft of the engine. The variable cam phaser also has a relative phase angle varying mechanism for varying the relative phase angle of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft. When the two electromagnetic actuators are simultaneously energized, the two control rotors are held mutually unrotatable. However, when the braking torque of one actuator is reduced, the control rotor associated with that actuator is rotated relative to the other control rotor to immediately start the execution of the command.

Abstract: A camshaft adjuster having a first component, a second component rotatable relative to the first component within an angular range, and a locking device for locking the first component relative to the second component. The locking device includes a first locking bolt and a second locking bolt on the first component and a central slotted guide on the second component, and wherein the two locking bolts are movably guided between a locking position and an unlocking position and engage in the central slotted guide in a central angular position relative to one another in their locking position. At least one terminal slotted guide, in which the first locking bolt or the second locking bolt engages in its locking position in a terminal angular position differing from the central angular position of the components, is arranged on the second component.

Abstract: To simplify a configuration of a plasma generation device that generates plasma by means of an electromagnetic wave using thermal electrons as a trigger. The plasma generation device 30 includes: a thermal electron emission member 14 that emits thermal electrons when heated; a heating device 13 that heats the thermal electron emission member 14 by means of an electromagnetic wave; and an electric field concentration member 61 that concentrates in the vicinity of the thermal electron emission member 14 an electric field of the electromagnetic wave generated by the heating device 13. The plasma generation device 30, while causing the heating device 13 to heat the thermal electron emission member 14, causes the electric field concentration member 61 to concentrate the electric field of the electromagnetic wave in the vicinity of the thermal electron emission member 14, thereby generating plasma in the vicinity of the thermal electron emission member 14.

Abstract: An engine housing has the shape of a regular dodecagonal, and includes a piston of the same shape that moves with a circular pivot movement about the axis of a main shaft. The piston is guided in parallel by three crankshafts synchronously rotating about this centre of rotation. Through this pivot movement, the piston in six combustion chambers each consecutively brings about the four cycles of a spark ignition or diesel engine. The three crankshafts are in permanent engagement through gears which are attached in a fixed manner with a sun wheel, which is seated on a main shaft in a fixed manner, driving it.

Abstract: An induction passage noise attenuator and a system are provided. The induction passage noise attenuator may include a series of surfaces arranged within an enclosure upstream from a clean side air duct on an induction inlet for an internal combustion engine. Each surface of the series of surfaces may have a diametric extent being substantially in line with an inner diameter of the clean side air duct.

Abstract: A kinetic system-oriented variable intake structure includes an intake passage, an air storing space, an exhaust passage, a control valve, and a bypass air chamber. The intake passage and the exhaust passage are in communication with the air storing space to allow air to enter the air storing space via the intake passage and then be discharged from the exhaust passage. The bypass air chamber is in communication with the air storing space through the control valve. The control valve turns on or off in accordance with a rotation speed of the kinetic system. Accordingly, the kinetic system-oriented variable intake structure is capable of high performance at any target rotation speeds.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine may include a cylinder head having a plurality of intake channels which lead to combustion chambers. A fresh gas distributor may be included for feeding fresh gas to the intake channels. The fresh gas distributor may have a flap arrangement including a flap shaft, which bears at least one flap for controlling the intake channels. The flap shaft may be mounted such that the flap rotates about a flap rotation axis. The fresh gas distributor may have a housing flange securing the fresh gas distributor to the cylinder head. The flap arrangement may be arranged in a region of the housing flange in a distributor housing of the fresh gas distributor. The cylinder head may have a recess, into which the fresh gas distributor is inserted in a region of the flap arrangement.

Abstract: A rotor (2) for a hydraulic camshaft phaser (1), including a hub (5) that holds a camshaft and including an outer shell (6) with a plurality of vane elements (7), whereby hydraulic-medium channels (24, 26) run from the interior of the hub (5) to the outer shell (6). At least one hydraulic-medium channel (24, 26) is interrupted by an axial recess (16) in the material, whereby a bushing (47) that connects the interrupted hydraulic-medium channel (24, 26) is inserted into the recess (16) in the material. A hydraulic camshaft phaser (1) having such a rotor (2). The recess (16) provided in the material renders the rotor (2) and the camshaft phaser (1) particularly lightweight.

Abstract: A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine system is disclosed. The cylinder head has at least one fuel injector. Further, the cylinder head has at least one valve reciprocally moveable with at least one valve guide disposed within the cylinder head. The cylinder head includes a portion. The portion defines an injector mount surface. The cylinder head also includes at least one injector bore disposed within the cylinder head. The injector bore is structured and arranged to receive the injector therein. The cylinder head also includes a peening area being defined on the injector mount surface of the cylinder head. The peening area defines a region being laser peened, such that a compressive stress is induced in the peening area. The compressive stress is induced to an effective depth of approximately up to 2 mm from the injector mount surface.

Abstract: A piston (1) for internal combustion diesel engine having a piston diameter of 180 to 650 mm, includes a top part (2) and a body part (3) connectable to each other, the top part defining, when installed in a cylinder of the engine, the piston side of a combustion chamber, and the body part having an aperture (30) for a gudgeon pin (4), bosses (32) for distributing forces, when in use, between the piston and the gudgeon pin, the body part having an interior (33), an outer surface (34) and operable connecting surfaces (35). The interior of the body part includes an interior wall (330) having a macro geometry of wavy (331) surface, where a wave has a length of 3 to 25 mm and a height of 0.3 to 3 mm, the wavy surface having a micro geometry measurable as a surface roughness of 5 to 9 ?m.

Abstract: A piston of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The piston may have a piston sleeve with a centre axis and a piston base with a diameter D delimiting the piston sleeve at a top of the piston sleeve. The piston base may have a piston base rim of width b and a piston bowl with a depth t. The piston bowl may be designed as a pot bowl, which may have a piston bowl base and a piston bowl wall with a maximum diameter d4 adjoining the piston bowl base. The piston bowl may have an opening cross-section aligned symmetrically relative to the centre axis. The opening cross-section may have a minimum diameter da, which is smaller than the diameter d4. A flow cut-off edge designed as a nose may be formed in the opening cross-section and may project in the radial direction inwards over the piston bowl wall.

Abstract: An engine comprises a rotor disposed within a housing having a side wall, a top portion, and a bottom portion. The housing includes at least one energy burst ignition chamber and electrical device that introduces an electric charge into at least one energy burst ignition chamber. The rotor is constructed and arranged to spin within the housing by action of a force. At least one energy burst ignition chamber is constructed and arranged to electrically react with the gas disposed in at least one chamber such that the gas expands and drives the rotor. A control system is used for introducing electric charges into at least one energy burst ignition chamber at a controlled time interval.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine having at least one combustion chamber where the ignition system includes a housing, an ignition device, an injector, and a pre-chamber having a nozzle disposed spaced from the proximal portion of the pre-chamber. The igniter portion of the ignition device and the nozzle of the injector are operatively supported in the proximal portion of the pre-chamber and disposed flush therewith. The igniter portion ignites the fuel in pre-chamber such that partially combusted pre-chamber products are forced through orifices in the pre-chamber nozzle and extinguish, but dispersed through the combustion chamber so as to ignite the main fuel charge therein.