Abstract: In a compression ignition multi-fuel engine employing both port/intake manifold injection of fuel and in-cylinder injection of fuel, the recirculation of exhaust gas to the engine induction system is used to control the temperature and to set the reactivity of an air/fuel charge introduced to the engine for combustion. Fuel directly injected during compression of the charge controls ignition. A variable valve actuator for opening and closing an intake valve extends control over charge pressure and temperature to extend suppression of auto-ignition of the charge. Fuel injection strategy and variable valve actuation are subject to a control strategy to extend the benefits of premixed combustion.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system is provided to reduce the pressure pulsations and noise vibration and harshness of direct injection systems. The fuel delivery system includes an elastic fuel line positioned between a first fuel pump and a second fuel pump and a check valve positioned in the elastic fuel line near the inlet of the high pressure pump, the check valve including an external housing having a peripheral surface with a greater diameter than an unstretched inner diameter of the elastic fuel line.

Abstract: In a two-stroke opposed-piston engine, a ported cylinder with a pair of opposed pistons is equipped with an engine brake including an engine braking valve that can be opened to release air from the cylinder as the pistons cycle between BDC and TDC positions.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine in an idle mode, in which an ignition angle and/or an air quantity of the internal combustion engine is influenced and/or is modified as a function of an idle rotation speed of the internal combustion engine. The ignition angle and/or the air quantity and/or a fuel quantity for at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is modified as a function of at least one variable characterizing a combustion event in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method of controlling fuel injection in an internal combustion engine is presented. A drive signal is generated for each injection event, with which the injector is kept open to spray fuel in accordance with a requested fuel quantity. The drive signal has a duration based on a pulse width that is determined from an injector-specific correspondence function defining the pulse width vs. a corresponding open time variable representative of injector open time. The open time variable is determined on the basis of a master performance function defining the requested fuel quantity in function of the open time variable.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a fuel composition to increase liquid fuel heat tolerance is described that includes directly injecting a first fuel (such as liquid propane) to the engine via a fuel rail when a fuel temperature falls below a threshold; and in response to a fuel temperature greater than a threshold, directly injecting a liquid mixture of the first fuel and a second fuel (such as gasoline) via the fuel rail. For example, gasoline may be added in sufficient amounts to the liquid propane to ensure the mixture remains a liquid during engine operations. In this way, the amount of gasoline introduced into the propane may be based on an extent of the fuel temperature above the threshold which further acts to extend the operating range of the first fuel.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a low pressure fuel system, a high-pressure fuel pump, a common rail, at least one fuel injector, and an engine management system. The engine management system may initiate a recirculating cooling fuel flow through the high-pressure fuel pump for avoiding fuel boiling by either increasing the target pressure of the fuel within the common rail above a threshold level, which triggers opening a high-pressure fuel relief valve, such that fuel supplied by the high-pressure fuel pump is returned to the low pressure fuel system via the high-pressure fuel relief valve, or providing increased internal fuel leakage within the at least one fuel injector, such that fuel supplied by the high-pressure fuel pump is returned to the low pressure fuel system by a return line.

Abstract: A system, which in particular is used as a fuel injection system for high-pressure injection in internal combustion engines, includes a fuel distributor and a plurality of fuel injectors. Each of the fuel injectors is situated on a cup of the fuel distributor. At least one of the fuel injectors is fastened to the associated cup by a retaining clip. The retaining clip has at least one clip section which is situated between an inner side of the cup and an outer side of the fuel injector. Furthermore, at least one damping composite element is provided, which is situated between the clip section of the retaining clip and the outer side of the fuel injector. The damping composite element has an elastically deformable damping layer. A decoupling is thus realized, which acts to damp vibrations and consequently to reduce noise.

Abstract: A system for a vehicle, comprising: a tank pressure control valve coupled in a first conduit between a fuel tank and a fuel vapor canister; a refueling valve coupled in a second, different, conduit between the fuel tank and the fuel vapor canister, the second conduit in parallel to the first conduit. In this way, two smaller, less complex valves may be utilized to control fuel tank vapor purging and fuel tank depressurization during refueling. This in turn may lower system cost and increase system functionality.

Abstract: A fuel apparatus includes a vapor passage for guiding evaporation gas in a fuel tank to a canister, a sealing valve for closing the vapor passage in normal condition to keep the interior of the fuel tank in a sealed state, a leak detection portion for detecting leak of the evaporation gas from the closed space of the fuel tank in the sealed state to outside, and an opening control portion for opening the sealing valve when leak of the evaporation gas from within the fuel tank is detected. Alternatively, the fuel apparatus includes a bypass passage connecting an upstream portion of the vapor passage located upstream of the sealing valve and a downstream portion of the vapor passage located downstream of the sealing valve to each other to bypass the sealing valve, and a bypass valve provided in the bypass passage, for opening the bypass passage in the closed state when leak of the evaporation gas from within the fuel tank is detected.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an engine which can easily be produced. In an engine including an electronic throttle device, a control unit for controlling the electronic throttle device, and a gas fuel supply unit, a gaseous-fuel mixer is used as the gas fuel supply unit, and when an extending direction of a crankshaft is defined as a longitudinal direction and an engine cooling fan is defined as existing on a front side and a side opposite from the front side is defined as a rear side, a collector of an intake manifold extends in the longitudinal direction, the electronic throttle device is mounted on the rear side of the collector, and the gaseous-fuel mixer is mounted on the rear side of the electronic throttle device.

Abstract: A cover (25) is intended to be attached to a housing (2) of a heat exchanger (1). The cover (25) comprises a wall (26) that is intended to close off an orifice (5) for introducing a heat exchange core into the housing (2). The wall (26) is configured to allow the cover (25) to be attached removably to the housing (2) and has a raised edge (27). The cover (25) also comprises means (30) for mechanical reinforcement of the wall (26). The invention also relates to a heat exchange core (7) comprising the cover (25), to a heat exchanger (1) comprising the core (7), and to an air intake module for a motor vehicle combustion engine comprising the heat exchanger (1).

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler for cooling exhaust gas via a coolant includes at least one channel having an inlet and an outlet, and a casing defining a cooling chamber for carrying the coolant around the at least one channel. The exhaust gas is flowable through the at least one channel from the inlet to the outlet. At least a portion of the at least one channel is variable between a fully compressed position and an uncompressed position. The casing includes a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet through which the coolant enters and exits the cooling chamber. The casing also includes an exhaust gas inlet from which the exhaust gas enters the at least one channel, and an exhaust gas outlet into which the exhaust gas exits the at least one channel.

Abstract: A compressor assembly pressurizes an airflow that is received from the ambient for delivery to an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block section and a cylinder head section. The cylinder head section is configured to supply an air-fuel mixture to the cylinder for combustion therein and exhaust post-combustion gases therefrom. The compressor assembly includes a compressor cover configured to receive the airflow from the ambient and a compressor wheel disposed inside the compressor cover and configured to pressurize the airflow. The compressor assembly also includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve that is incorporated into the compressor cover and is in fluid communication with each of the cylinder head section and the compressor wheel. The EGR valve is configured to control delivery of the exhaust post-combustion gases from the cylinder head into the compressor cover. An internal combustion engine employing such a compressor assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: An EGR valve includes a valve housing having a gas passage and a motor housing containing a motor. The valve housing and the motor housing are made of different materials. The valve housing is provided with a valve seat, a valve element, and a valve shaft. The motor includes a stator having a coil and a rotor having an output shaft. The output shaft is rotated together with the rotor, thereby making stroke movement of the valve shaft in an axial direction to change an opening degree of the valve element with respect to the valve seat. An ECU for controlling the EGR valve determines a target opening degree of the EGR valve, uses the coil as a temperature sensor to detect the temperature of the motor, compensates a target opening degree based on the detected temperature, and controls the motor based on the compensated target opening degree.

Abstract: An air-fuel-ratio of each cylinder is estimated based on a detection value of an air-fuel-ratio sensor. An air-fuel-ratio detection timing determination is executed to determine whether a deviation in air-fuel-ratio detection timing exists based on the estimated air-fuel-ratio while the cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel-ratio control is performed. An observation residual is computed based on the detection value of the air-fuel-ratio sensor and the estimated air-fuel-ratio. When the observation residual is greater than or equal to a specified threshold value, the air-fuel-ratio detection timing determination is prohibited. Therefore, when the observation residual is still large before the estimated air-fuel-ratio of each cylinder is converged, or when the observation residual is still large due to a temporal deterioration in estimating accuracy of the estimated air-fuel-ratio, the air-fuel-ratio detection timing determination can be prohibited.

Abstract: A system includes a controller operable to communicate with at least one sensor and an engine. The controller responds to one or more signals received from the sensor and influences engine operation based on determined engine operation threshold limits and information regarding a first fuel and a second, different fuel. The controller is configured to change or maintain engine operation based on the one or more signals compared to the threshold limits, and to change or maintain an engine fuel supply to control specific fuel consumption of at least one of the first and second fuels and to achieve values for the one or more signals in a determined range relative to the threshold limits. The one or more signals indicate an exhaust emissions parameter or at least one of pre-turbine temperature, fuel injection pressure, turbocharger rotational speed, peak firing pressure, rate of pressure rise, or knock intensity.

Abstract: An archery release includes a gate pivotally connected with the release and movable between open and closed positions. When in the open position, the gate receives a bowstring, and when in the closed position, the gate retains the release on the bowstring so that the archer does not need to hold on to the release at all times. The release may be operated when the gate is in either the open or closed positions.

Abstract: A simulation bullet includable BB bullet magazine includes an enclosure, an elastic element arranged in the enclosure, an internal receptacle slidably received in the enclosure, and at least one simulation bullet movably receivable in the enclosure. The internal receptacle has an end coupled to the elastic element. The simulation bullet is arranged to contact the end of the internal receptacle that is distant from the elastic element. With such a structure, when the simulation bullet is loaded into the enclosure, the internal receptacle is pressed downwards. To shoot BB bullets, the simulation bullet is pushed out of the enclosure, whereby the elastic element moves the internal receptacle upward to a ready-to-shoot position. As such, a user, when operating and using the device, can fully experience of the fun of operation and thus, an advantage of being interesting and easy to operate can be achieved.

Abstract: A home cooking appliance with a side swing door is provided. The home cooking appliance includes a self capturing latch mechanism that secures and seals the side swing door in the closed position, the self capturing latch mechanism including a stationary hook and a receiver that receives and draws part of the stationary hook into a secured position within the receiver when the side swing door is moved into the closed position to secure the side swing door in the closed position. The receiver provides a variable closing force that varies from a first closing force at an initial engagement of the receiver with the part of the stationary hook to a predetermined second closing force, which is greater than the first closing force, at a completed engagement of the receiver with the part of the stationary hook to seal the side swing door in the closed position.

Abstract: An oven that effectively cools a door by adjusting a position of a cooling guide includes a casing having at least one inhalation hole and at least one ejection hole; a cooking chamber which has an opening and is placed inside the casing; a door that is rotatably coupled to one portion of the casing so as to open/close the opening; a cooling fan that discharges air introduced into the inhalation hole to the ejection hole placed at a front portion of the casing; and an air guide that is installed adjacent to the ejection hole so as to change a direction of air driven by the cooling fan. The cooling guide is installed not to disturb the flow of air that passes through the door so that the door using minimum sheets of glass can be provided.

Abstract: The alternative counter top is a compactable and expandable surface to be placed over an existing stove top. The alternative counter top is rectangular in shape and comprises a series of elongate slats which are hinged together to create accordion folds when retracted, and mounted on top of the back of an existing stove. When expanded, the slats create usable counter space. The elongate edges of the slats are convex on one side and concave on the opposite side to prevent spillage between the slats when expanded.

Abstract: A fire pit or stovetop cooking grill can have a griddle and a cooking rack. The griddle can be used to cook food. The cooking rack can be on the griddle. The cooking rack can be used to cook food. The griddle can be on the fire pit or stovetop to provide a surface of heat for cooking food. The fire pit can provide a fire light ambiance while cooking with the cooking grill on the fire pit. The fire pit can have other accessories placed on the tabletop of the fire pit, including a turntable for easy access of food items.

Abstract: The solar concentrator includes a base with a support frame that is rotatably connected thereto. A torsion box is tiltably mounted to the support frame to provide a wide range of movement of the torsion box and the finish surface thereon, which is preferably of a single plane parabolic shape that carries a layer of highly reflective chrome material. A receiver is mounted above the surface of the chrome layer at the focus of the parabola by a bracket to optimize reflection of radiation thereto. Plumbing transports liquid, such as water, through the receiver for heating thereof for various purposes, such as water desalinization. Thus, the solar concentrator is an optimized low cost and easy to manufacture solar concentrator.

Abstract: A solar radiation panel that has inlet and outlet collectors and a series of conduits that run from the inlet collector to the outlet collector. A working fluid that is heated by solar radiation flows inside the conduits. The panel is a single piece and includes an upper layer, at least one intermediate layer, and a lower layer. The upper layer receives the solar radiation. The at least one intermediate layer is located under the upper layer, and contains the conduits through which the working fluid flows. The lower layer is located under the intermediate layer, and the working fluid inlet and outlet collectors are coupled in said lower layer. The working fluid that is heated in the panel subsequently proceeds to a combustion engine that produces electricity by means of an alternator.

Abstract: This invention relates to portable cooking stoves and in particular, to lightweight, flat-packable stoves that are easily deployed into the cooking arrangement using only a single step, and that have an integrated cooking chamber. The integrated food chamber should be capable of holding sufficient water to be boiled for a drink, or to heat sufficient food to provide for a hot meal for one person. The cooking stoves of the present invention are intended primarily for outdoor leisure pursuits such as backpacking, hiking and camping, as well as serving humanitarian and military dismounted soldier needs.

Abstract: this invention is directed to a process for treating biomass. The biomass is treated with a biomass swelling agent within the vessel to swell or rupture at least a portion of the biomass. A portion of the swelling agent is removed from a first end of the vessel following the treatment. Then steam is introduced into a second end of the vessel different from the first end to further remove swelling agent from the vessel in such a manner that the swelling agent exits the vessel at a relatively low water content.

Abstract: Described are methods for safer nitric oxide delivery, as well as apparatuses for performing these methods. The methods may include detecting the presence or absence of a nasal cannula, and stopping the delivery of nitric oxide or providing an alert if the cannula is disconnected. The methods may also include purging the nasal cannula if it is reconnected after a disconnection or if it is replaced by a new cannula. Other methods pertain to automatic purging of the delivery conduit if the elapsed time between successive deliveries of therapeutic gas exceeds a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A method of producing breathing air includes receiving intake air from an ambient air source, collecting the intake air in one or more collection pots of a distribution system, and distributing the intake air from the one or more collection pots to one or more breathing hoses. The method further includes continuously monitoring the intake air communicated to the one or more collection pots for one or more parameters and periodically recording readings of the continuous monitoring communicated wirelessly in the distributed system.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an adaptor or attachment which is suitable for integration into the patient circuit of a ventilation system, such as a non-invasive open ventilation system, is configured for attachment to any standard ventilation mask, and is outfitted with a jet pump which creates pressure and flow by facilitating the entrainment of ambient air. The adaptor comprises a base element and a nozzle element which are operatively coupled to each other. The base element further defines a throat and at least one entrainment port facilitating a path of fluid communication between the throat and ambient air. The nozzle element includes a jet nozzle, and a connector which is adapted to facilitate the fluid coupling of the nozzle element to a bi-lumen tube of the patient circuit. The connector includes both a delivery port and a sensing port.

Abstract: An interface device for supplying a gas flow for breathing is disclosed herein. The device includes at least one socket for detachably connecting an apparatus for supplying anesthetic agent, at least one gas output opening for delivering the fresh gas to the apparatus, and at least one gas input opening for receiving the fresh gas mixed with anesthetic agent. The device also includes a connection valve and at least four ports in flow communication with the valve, a first port receiving the gas, a second port providing a communication with the output opening, a third port providing a communication with the input opening, and a fourth port providing a communication for breathing, the valve having a first operational state disconnecting communication between the first and second port, and a second operational state providing communication between the first and second port, but also between the third and fourth port.

Abstract: An anesthetic container includes an anesthetic receptacle and a valve assembly attachable to the receptacle. The valve assembly includes a valve seat with a first sloped surface and a valve member with a second sloped surface, the first and second sloped surfaces having different slopes. The first and second sloped surfaces abut each other to form a gasketless, fluid-tight seal therebetween with the valve assembly in a closed configuration. The valve member is spaced from the valve seat in an open configuration to permit the flow of the anesthetic from the receptacle. The valve assembly may also include an exterior groove and a toroidal sealing member disposed in the groove, the toroidal sealing member having an X-shaped cross-section.

Abstract: A nebulizer mouthpiece includes a hollow main body and a connecting tube. The main body is a one-piece element, and includes an annular wall defining an inner space and having a middle section, an outlet section, and a storage section connected respectively to two ends of the middle section. The middle section has an inner diameter not smaller than 30 mm. The connecting tube is adapted for interconnecting the middle section and a liquid container, and surrounding a central axis. A distance between the central axis and a distal end of the storage section is not greater than three times the inner diameter. Liquid received in the liquid container is turned into mist and introduced into the inner space through the connecting tube.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive device includes a ring having a central axis, first side and second side. The ring includes a dielectric portion parallel to the central axis and between the first and second sides. A flexible membrane is connected to a periphery of the ring on the first side, the flexible membrane including a conductive portion. A perforated membrane is connected to a periphery of the ring on the second side. The perforated membrane is spaced apart and electrically isolated from the flexible membrane by the ring below a threshold pressure differential across the pressure sensitive device. The perforated membrane includes an opening therethrough and a conductive portion facing and corresponding to the conductive portion of the flexible membrane such that a threshold pressure differential across the pressure sensitive device causes deflection between the conductive portions of the flexible membrane and the perforated membrane to change an electrical property.

Abstract: A system comprising an opening aid for opening an inhaler and an inhaler, the opening aid comprising at least one opening member, wherein the inhaler comprises a first and a second exterior part which are connected to one another, wherein the exterior parts are separable by a movement including a relative rotational movement to prepare the inhaler for a dispensing operation, wherein the opening member is configured to be connected to one of the exterior parts in a torque-proof fashion, and wherein the first exterior part is a body comprising a dispensing opening through which a dose of drug can be dispensed from the body and the second exterior part is a cap which is releasably connectable to the body and, when connected to the body, covers the dispensing opening.

Abstract: A treatment system includes a delivery device which delivers a combination of a breathing gas and frozen ice or other particles to a patient in order to induce hypothermia. The treatment system also includes a temperature system for measuring the temperature of exhaled gases and a controller which can adjust the duration or rate at which the ice particles are delivered in order to control the patient's core temperature based on the measured exhalation gas temperature.

Abstract: A ventilator for use by a clinician in supporting a patient presenting pulmonary distress. A controller with a touch-screen display operates a positive or negative pressure gas source that communicates with the intubated or negative pressure configured patient through valved supply and exhaust ports. A variety of peripheral, central, and/or supply/exhaust port positioned sensors may be included to measure pressure, volumetric flow rate, gas concentration, transducer, and chest wall breathing work. Innovative modules and routines are incorporated into the controller module enabling hybrid, self-adjusting ventilation protocols and models that are compatible with nearly every conceivable known, contemplated, and prospective technique, and which establish rigorous controls configured to rapidly adapt to even small patient responses with great precision so as to maximize ventilation and recruitment while minimizing risks of injury, atelectasis, and prolonged ventilator days.

Abstract: A turbine ventilator pressure-controlled ventilation method comprising the following steps: a ventilator is started up, a control unit in the ventilator controls a turbine motor to rotate at rotational speed U, the turbine motor provides the ventilator with a hyperbaric gas; a detector unit detects the breathing state of a patient, if the patient is in an inhalation state, proceeds to an inhalation phase control, and, if the patient is in an exhalation state, proceeds to an exhalation phase control; the air pressure of an inhalation phase is controlled by the control unit by controlling driving voltage V1 of an inhalation valve to regulate the extent to which the inhalation valve is opened, the positive end-expiratory pressure of an exhalation phase is controlled by the control unit by controlling driving voltage V2 of an exhalation valve to regulate the extent to which the exhalation valve is opened.

Abstract: A comfort signature that naturally adapts delivered pressure to patient breathing by measuring comfort directly from the source is disclosed. Pressure is measured at the patient interface and is used to provide a comfortable and suitable target pressure adjustment that is synchronized with patient respiration.

Abstract: A respiratory assistance device is disclosed. There is a patient interface for coupling to a patient respiratory passageway, and a selectively regulated therapeutic gas flow source in pneumatic communication with the patient over the patient interface. A controller is connected to the therapeutic gas flow source and is receptive to inputs of a prescription pressure level and an initial delay duration. After the patient dons the patient interface, therapeutic gas flow is restricted for the initial delay duration following receipt of a treatment initiation command. Upon the expiry of the initial delay duration, the controller increases therapeutic gas flow to the prescription pressure level.

Abstract: A nasal cannula device for delivering therapeutic gas to a patient while reducing rubbing, scraping or other damage or discomfort is disclosed. In an aspect, a nasal cannula device is configured to removably attach to a patient via a single ear and comprises gas tubing and an anchor. The gas tubing comprises a gas source connector, a gas tubing body, and a nasal member. The anchor attaches to the gas tubing body and is removably positionable over a patient ear. In an aspect, the nasal member further comprises at least one nasal insert device configured to retain the nasal member in a patient nostril and reduce impacts and discomfort via a compressible member. The compressible member may form an airtight barrier, thereby protecting a patient nasal airway from environmental contaminants.

Abstract: The present invention comprises systems. Methods and devices for the delivery of compositions for occluding or of elements for opening conduits. The implantable occlusive material may be delivered preformed or in situ cured and, may be a resorbable or degradable material that supports tissue ingrowth or wound healing or a similar response that replaces the cured occlusive-material leaving little or no original occlusive material in place. The delivery system is positioned to allow for placement of the occlusive material into the body conduit. Use of delivery systems, methods and devices for re-opening an occluded body conduit are also included.

Abstract: An intrauterine device for applying force to a wall of a uterus to promote contraception without blocking the fallopian tubes may include an elongate member formed of a resilient material and having a default expanded configuration and a spring portion disposed approximately at a midpoint between two ends of the elongate member. The IUD may also include two tissue contact members, one tissue contact member disposed at one of the two ends of the elongate member and the other tissue contact member disposed at the other end. The tissue contact members may generate a laterally directed force against the wall of the uterus when the intrauterine device assumes its default expanded configuration.

Abstract: A composition for local application contains spermidine for the treatment of the stress urinary incontinence in a female subject. The composition is intended for transvaginal application to release spermidine onto external sphincter, urethra and endopelvic fascia, or for intravescial instillation. A variant composition takes the form of a condom lubricant comprising spermidine for the local release thereof during sexual intercourse, as an alternative or complementary to the local self-administration.

Abstract: A hand positioner for holding a hand in a desired position during surgical procedures. The hand positioner includes a central body, digital tabs corresponding generally to the fingers and thumb, a plurality of elevating tabs, and a plurality of positioning tabs for selectively elevating and supporting areas of the hand. The inner layer of the positioner being made of a material with sufficient plasticity to bend under an applied load and to remain bent when said applied load is removed, and having a layer of cushioning material on both sides of the inner layer.

Abstract: A treatment table configured with vertical and horizontal supports, wherein one or more cushions are positioned on the top of the supports to provide a surface for treating a patient. One portion of the cushion supporting the body of the patient has an aperture positioned therethrough for allowing the treatment to be applied to pass through the body cushion from beneath the patient. The lower horizontal support can also be provided with rails and/or a bracket provided to allow one or more treatment devices to be employed in a consistent manner to treat a patient.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and mandibular protruders and positioning devices, comprising, for example: an upper mounting bracket having an upper dental appliance; a lower mounting bracket having a lower dental appliance; and a rail system configured to couple the upper mounting bracket to the lower mounting bracket. Some embodiments comprise a drive motor and/or an initial position adjustment mechanism.

Abstract: Methods of use of a nasal insert to support smoking cessation, and methods of use of a nasal insert to reduce or eliminate snoring, and a method of use of a nasal insert to reduce the severity or to eliminate obstructive sleep apnea, and a method of use of a nasal insert to gain smoother, easier breathing through the nose. The nasal insert comprises a body having an inner surface which defines an air passageway surrounded by an outer surface of soft, flexible material. The nasal insert body can have a first portion and a second portion where the outer surface of said nasal insert body is configured to the nasal cavity.

Abstract: An oral airway and intubation assisting device that protects a patient's teeth and includes a wedge adapted to redirect force from the patient's incisor teeth to the patient's maxilla, a block adapted to hold the patient's mouth open, and an airway guide adapted to prevent the tongue from closing the throat and maintain a clear passage for air. Additionally, the device may include a tube retainer adapted to secure the intubation tube against movement.

Abstract: A system and method for use in iontophoretic anesthesia of a tympanic membrane are disclosed. The system generally includes an earplug and an electrode device. The earplug includes at least one sealing member for sealing the earplug in an ear canal. The sealing member includes microholes which vent fluid above a certain pressure threshold. A headset may connect the earplug to a second earplug. The method involves using the system on a human or animal subject.