Abstract: A blood filter device comprising: a housing comprising an outer wall and a first inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet; a membrane which is capable of separating plasma from the blood, wherein the membrane forms an inner chamber; a leukocyte and oxygen and/or carbon dioxide depletion media disposed wherein the inner chamber, the leukocyte and oxygen and/or carbon dioxide depletion media is capable of depleting leukocytes and oxygen and/or carbon dioxide from the blood; an outer chamber disposed between the outer wall and the membrane, wherein the plasma which permeates through the membrane enters the outer chamber and exits the filter device via the first outlet; whereby the blood which has been depleted of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide, leukocytes and plasma exists and filter device via the second outlet.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a hydrophobic membrane assembly (28) used within a gas-generating apparatus. Hydrogen is separated from the reaction solution by passing through a hydrophobic membrane assembly (28) having a hydrophobic lattice like member (36) disposed within a hydrogen output composite (32) further enhancing the ability of the hydrogen output composite's ability to separate out hydrogen gas and prolonging its useful life.

Abstract: An apparatus for gas separation a composite gas separation membrane having a gas separation layer disposed on a surface of a porous support. The gas separation layer has a plurality of gas permeable inorganic nano-particles embedded in a dense polymer forming substantially only discrete gas transport channels through the dense polymer layer, wherein direct fluid communication is provided from a feed side of the composite gas separator membrane to the porous support. Preferably, the inorganic nano-particles are porous molecular sieve particles, such as SAPO-34, ALPO-18, and Zeolite Y nano-particles.

Abstract: Provided herein is a facilitated olefin transport membrane, including: a porous support film; and a polymer electrolyte layer formed on the porous support film and including a polymer, a silver salt and an aluminum salt. The polymer has a repetitive unit including a nitrogen atom and includes an amide group.

Abstract: An air purifier includes a frame, a fan unit, and an electrostatic precipitator. The precipitator has a first strip with a first continuous conductive electrode layer directly adjacent to an edge, and a second strip with a second continuous conductive electrode layer directly adjacent to an edge. The first and second strips are nested with one another. The edge of the first strip is opposed to the edge of the second strip. An electrostatic precipitator for an air purifier includes a first spiral strip having a continuous conductive electrode, a second spiral strip having a continuous conductive electrode and nested with the first strip, a plurality of combs. Each comb extends from an outer periphery of the precipitator to an intermediate region between the outer periphery and a center of the precipitator.

Abstract: A device for controlling a relative humidity level in an enclosed volume storage device includes a plurality of container segments each including two side walls with internal edges joined at an interior edge of the container segment, an outer wall extending between external edges of the two side walls, a base wall extending between bottom edges of each of the two side walls and the outer wall of the container segment, and a permeable top wall. The container segments are configured in a first instance to be compactly adjacently positioned so that each side wall of a container segment abuts another side wall of another container segment and the segments are radially arrayed around a central axis of the device. A binding element is applied to maintain the segments in this position. The binding element is removable to allow the segments to be individually distributed within the storage device.

Abstract: A system and method to recover water from an ambient airstream. Dehumidification of the airstream is also achieved by removal of the water. A device of the system includes a chamber having a group of trays that hold respective amounts of liquid desiccant in each tray. Fans, valves, and manifolds are used to control airflow through the device. A charge cycle circulates air through the device to remove water vapor from the airstream. A subsequent extraction cycle removes water collected in the liquid desiccant by a condenser communicating with the chamber. The airflow within the chamber and/or each tray is altered depending upon the settings of configurable airflow manifolds. An integral heat exchanger adds heat to the chamber during the extraction cycle. A controller is used to integrate and manage all system functions and input variables to achieve a high efficiency of operational energy use for water collection.

Abstract: A trap canister for adsorbing fuel vapor contained in break-through gas discharged from a main canister. The trap canister may include a trap case having an adsorption chamber defined therein and containing an adsorption material, so that the break-through gas flows through the adsorption material in a gas flow direction. The adsorption chamber may include a gas introduction side and a gas outlet side located on a downstream side of the gas introduction side along the gas flow direction. The adsorption chamber may have a passage with a cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from the gas introduction side toward the gas outlet side. The trap canister may further include a temperature control device configured to control the temperature of the adsorption material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system of encapsulating a hygroscopic salt tablet of the type used to absorb moisture in closed environments. Said encapsulation consists of seamless cloth, usually “non-woven”, arranged so that it includes folds that minimize the air chamber between the tablet and the covering thereof. Said arrangement allows the tablet to work more effectively than other similar ones by eliminating the resistance that the air causes to the absorption of moisture. Said tablet begins to work when the ambient moisture is greater than 55%-60% and is used inside a plastic device that has slots to absorb the moist air and has a bottom container for deposit of a brine resulting from the process of absorbing moisture.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed towards a trap canister for adsorbing fuel vapor contained in breakthrough gas discharged from a main adsorbent canister. The main adsorbent canister is connected to a fuel tank has a case defining an adsorption chamber therein and an adsorbent filled in the adsorption chamber. The case has a first end open to the atmosphere and a second end for introducing breakthrough gas into the adsorption chamber. The adsorbent filled in the adsorption chamber adsorbs the fuel vapor contained in the breakthrough gas. The trap canister further has a bypass path for bypassing the adsorption chamber and a valve configured to block the bypass path and to allow for opening during refueling. This prevents the fuel vapor from flowing into the atmosphere during normal operation while also decreasing pressure loss during refueling.

Abstract: A getter structure including at least one portion of getter material at least one face of which is positioned against at least one portion of gas-permeable material such that said portion of getter material is able to achieve a gaseous absorption and/or adsorption at least by said face through at least said portion of gas-permeable material, and in which the portion of gas-permeable material includes one or more channels made at the level of a face of said portion of gas-permeable material which is in contact with the portion of getter material, where the portion of getter material is able to achieve a gaseous absorption, or a gaseous adsorption, or both a gaseous absorption and a gaseous adsorption, via the channel or channels.

Abstract: A device for separating foreign material from air without the use of filters includes a chamber to receive the foreign material and air, an exhaust port and a pressure source that draws air from the chamber through the exhaust port, and an air inlet through which an additional quantity of air enters the chamber to move the foreign material away from the exhaust port so that the foreign material is not entrained in the exhaust air. A valve regulates the quantity of additional air introduced into the chamber through the air inlet. The exhaust port is positioned downstream of the air inlet. The foreign material collects in the dead air space of the receiving end of the chamber.

Abstract: Anticorrosive coating compositions as disclosed comprise a binding polymer and an aluminum phosphate corrosion inhibiting pigment dispersed therein. The coating composition comprises up to 25 percent by weight aluminum phosphate. The binding polymer can include solvent-borne polymers, water-borne polymers, solventless polymers, and combinations thereof. The aluminum phosphate is made by sol gel process of combining an aluminum salt with phosphoric acid and a base material. Aluminum phosphate colloidal particles are nanometer sized, and aggregate to form substantially spherical particles. The coating composition provides a controlled delivery of phosphate anions of 100 to 1,500 ppm, depending on post-formation treatment of the aluminum phosphate, and has a total solubles content of less than 1500 ppm, The amorphous aluminum phosphate is free of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and has a water adsorption potential of up to about 25 percent by weight water when present in a cured film.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, compositions, and devices for promoting adhesion or migration of endothelial cells.

Abstract: Present invention relates to methods of preparing molybdenum oxide inks and molybdenum oxide films, and use of the molybdenum oxide films as hole-transporting layers in optoelectronic devices. The ink for forming a hybrid molybdenum (VI) oxide (MoO3) film on a substrate comprises an ammonium molybdate, at least one inorganic salt different from ammonium molybdate, and a solvent or a solvent mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for ferroelectric thin film formation which is used in the formation of a ferroelectric thin film of one material selected from the group consisting of PLZT, PZT, and PT. The composition for ferroelectric thin film formation is a liquid composition for the formation of a thin film of a mixed composite metal oxide formed of a mixture of a composite metal oxide (A) represented by general formula (1): (PbxLay)(ZrzTi(1-z))O3 [wherein 0.9 <×<1.3, 0?y<0.1, and 0?z<0.9 are satisfied] with a composite oxide (B) or a carboxylic acid (B) represented by general formula (2): CnH2n+1COOH [wherein 3?n?7 is satisfied]. The composite oxide (B) contains one or at least two elements selected from the group consisting of P (phosphorus), Si, Ce, and Bi and one or at least two elements selected from the group consisting of Sn, Sm, Nd, and Y (yttrium).

Abstract: A chemically treated carbon black product is provided, which includes a pellet having an agglomerated mass of carbon black aggregates densified in a generally spheroidal form. The carbon black aggregates have polysulfide adsorbed on surfaces thereof. The polysulfide is thereby distributed throughout the pellet. Elastomeric compositions containing the chemically treated carbon black are also provided, and exhibit a reduction in hysteresis and equivalent or better abrasion resistance. A method for manufacturing the treated carbon black product is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present application relates to compositions comprising at least one siloxane and at least one superplasticizer based on polycarboxylate ethers or sulphonates of lignin, melamine or naphthalene or of resins thereof, and to the use of such compositions as or in building-product mixtures or building products, especially mortar mixtures or concrete mixtures. Preferably the siloxane is a branched siloxane containing at least one “T” unit and containing at least two different polyoxyalkylene moieties.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method for growing a group III nitride crystal that has a large size and has a small number of pits formed in the main surface of the crystal by using a plurality of tile substrates. A method for growing a group III nitride crystal includes a step of preparing a plurality of tile substrates 10 including main surfaces 10m having a shape of a triangle or a convex quadrangle that allows two-dimensional close packing of the plurality of tile substrates; a step of arranging the plurality of tile substrates 10 so as to be two-dimensionally closely packed such that, at any point across which vertexes of the plurality of tile substrates 10 oppose one another, 3 or less of the vertexes oppose one another; and a step of growing a group III nitride crystal 20 on the main surfaces 10m of the plurality of tile substrates arranged.

Abstract: Methods of depositing thin film materials having crystalline content are provided. The methods use plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. According to one embodiment of the present invention, microcrystalline silicon films are obtained. According to a second embodiment of the present invention, crystalline films of zinc oxide are obtained. According to a third embodiment of the present invention, crystalline films of iron oxide are obtained.

Abstract: An electro-mechanical system for the collection and recovery of materials inside thin-film deposition facilities, comprising multiple elements able to intercept the wasted particles of material during a coating process. These elements are disposed in individual modules (1, 5), possibly combined in multiple configurations according to the shape of the deposition chamber; swivel, depending on the material to be recovered, thanks to a power unit (4), a transmission system (6, 10, 15a, 15b), an electronic interface (9) to automate the rotation of the elements. These elements can be palettes (3) placed vertically in each of the modules (1, 5), made of a composite material, characterized by a core of metallic material or alumina and by two surface polymeric layers with low adhesion to the selected core and therefore easily removable, but at the same time resistant to the temperature and pressure conditions inside the deposition chamber.

Abstract: In one embodiment the disclosure relates to an apparatus for depositing an organic material on a substrate, including a source heater for heating organic particles to form suspended organic particles; a transport stream for delivering the suspended organic particles to a discharge nozzle, the discharge nozzle having a plurality of micro-pores, the micro-pores providing a conduit for passage of the suspended organic particles; and a nozzle heater for pulsatingly heating the micro-pores nozzle to discharge the suspended organic particles from the discharge nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cleaning process, utilizing a gas flow to an interior of a hollow object in a fluid ambient. After capping the object to seal off the interior volume, gas is introduced to the object interior. The pressure is built up within the object interior, loosening the seal. The gas pressure is released, and the seal returns. The vibration caused by the cycling of gas pressure can be used to perform cleaning of particles adhering to the object. The cleaning process can be used in a combinatorial processing system, enabling in-situ cleaning of process reactor assemblies.

Abstract: A liquid composition comprising (A) at least one polar organic solvent, selected from the group consisting of solvents exhibiting in the presence of from 0.06 to 4% by weight of dissolved tetramethylammonium hydroxide (B), the weight percentage being based on the complete weight of the respective test solution (AB), a constant removal rate at 50° C. for a 30 nm thick polymeric barrier anti-reflective layer containing deep UV absorbing chromophoric groups, (B) at least one quaternary ammonium hydroxide, and (C) at least one aromatic amine containing at least one primary amino group, a method for its preparation and a method for manufacturing electrical devices, employing the liquid composition as a resist stripping composition and its use for removing negative-tone and positive-tone photoresists and post etch residues in the manufacture of 3D Stacked Integrated Circuits and 3D Wafer Level Packagings by way of patterning Through Silicon Vias and/or by plating and bumping.

Abstract: In a method for operating a dishwasher containing wash items, in particular a household dishwasher, at least at times a heated liquid to the wash items is applied during at least two of a plurality of program steps. A desorption process for desorption of a reversibly dehydratable drying material of a sorption drying system is effected at least at times. The desorption process is carried out at least partially before or during a first of the at least two program steps, with heated liquid being applied to the wash items during the at least two program steps.

Abstract: A dishwasher with a tub at least partially defining a treating chamber, a liquid spraying system, a liquid recirculation system defining a recirculation flow path, and a liquid filtering system. The liquid filtering system includes a rotating filter disposed in the recirculation flow path to filter the liquid.

Abstract: A water-conducting household appliance including a treatment container defining an interior of the water-conducting household appliance, the treatment container including at least two components made of different materials, wherein each of the at least two components include an edge section at which a mechanical connection is formed between the at least two components, wherein the mechanical connection is formed in a section protected against moisture, and a seal element that seals the mechanical connection on a side facing the interior of the water-conducting household appliance such that a gap exposed to moisture is formed which is free of a capillary gap.

Abstract: A domestic appliance, in particular a dishwasher, includes an appliance door which has a front operating panel with a handle shell which is formed at least from a bottom handle-shell part and a handle-shell cover. The handle-shell cover has a side wall which is directed towards the front operating panel and, together with the front operating panel, forms a double-wall structure with a free installation space arranged therebetween.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention relate to a cleaning device for a portioning utensil for portioning ice cream or the like, which is intended to be utilized in receptacles, respectively in rinsing tanks. Here, the cleaning device includes a carrier module which can be mounted in the receptacle and a cleaning module which is releasably coupled to the carrier module. Moreover, the cleaning device includes an actuating device being disposed in the cleaning module, and the cleaning device includes an actuating valve which can be controlled via the actuating device and which is closed in the initial position. The embodiments of the invention are characterized by a closing valve which is designed in the form of a separate valve or which at the same time acts as an actuating valve. The closing valve is formed and arranged in the carrier module, thereby making it possible that the closing valve is closed when the cleaning module is removed from the carrier module.

Abstract: The invention relates to chromium- and cobalt-free treatment solutions for producing black coatings which afford corrosion protection. The treatment solution of the invention contains oxo cations or complex halogen ions or mixtures of oxo cations and complex halogen ions, an oxidant and an organic sulphur compound.

Abstract: There are provided a permanent magnet and a manufacturing method thereof capable of decreasing an activity level of a calcined body activated by a calcination process. To fine powder of milled neodymium magnet is added an organometallic compound solution containing an organometallic compound expressed with a structural formula of M-(OR)x (M represents V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W or Nb, R represents a substituent group consisting of a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon, x represents an arbitrary integer) so as to uniformly adhere the organometallic compound to particle surfaces of the neodymium magnet powder. Thereafter, desiccated magnet powder is held for several hours in hydrogen atmosphere at 200 through 900 degrees Celsius. Thereafter, the powdery calcined body calcined through the calcination process in hydrogen is held for several hours in vacuum atmosphere at 200 through 600 degrees Celsius for a dehydrogenation process.

Abstract: A steel sheet for cans containing 0.0060 to 0.01 mass % C and 0.02 to 0.12 mass % Nb and having the following characteristics: (i) an average ferrite grain size in a cross section in the rolling direction in a region from a surface layer of the steel sheet to a position ¼ of a sheet thickness away from the surface layer of the steel sheet is 7 ?m to 10 ?m or less, and (ii) an average ferrite grain size in a cross section in the rolling direction in a region from the position ¼ of a sheet thickness away from the surface layer of the steel sheet to a sheet thickness center portion of the steel sheet is 15 ?m or less, wherein the average ferrite grain size (1) is smaller than the average ferrite grain size (2).

Abstract: Alloys and methods for preparing the same are provided. The alloys are represented by the general formula of (ZraAlbCucNid)100-e-fYeMf, wherein a, b, c, and d are atomic fractions, in which: 0.472?a?0.568; 0.09?b?0.11; 0.27?c?0.33; 0.072?d?0.088; the sum of a, b, c, and d equals 1; e and f are atomic numbers of elements Y and M respectively, in which 0?e?5 and 0.01?f?5; and M is selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Sc, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Methods for modifying a physical characteristic of finished endodontic instruments made from one or more superelastic alloys is described which include heat treating one or more finished endodontic instruments in a salt bath for a specific time (e.g., from about four hours to about six hours), at a specified temperature (e.g., from about 475° C. to about 550° C.), and preferably at a specified pH range.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spring steel wire rod that comprises C in a range of 0.35 to 0.65% (mass %, the same applies to respective elements described hereinafter), Si in a range of 1.4 to 2.2%, Mn in a range of 0.10 to 1.0%, Cr in a range of 0.1 to 2.0%, P not more than 0.025% (0% excluded), and S not more than 0.025% (0% excluded), balance comprising iron, and unavoidable impurities, wherein an average grain size Dc of a central part of the steel wire rod is not more than 80 ?m while an average grain size Ds of a surface layer part of the steel wire rod is not less than 3.0 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a pipe, particularly for supplying fuel to an engine, comprising the steps of: prearranging a pipe made of stainless steel (1), executing a hot-pressing operation at at least one end (3) of the pipe (1); and subjecting the at least one end (3) of the pipe (1) to heat treatment, followed by cooling.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high performance hydrocarbon fuel characterized by a hydrogen content greater than 14.3% by weight, a hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio greater than 2.0 and/or a heat of combustion greater than 18.7 KBtu/lb. The disclosed fuels generally have a paraffin content that is at least 90% by mass and a C12-C20 isoparaffin content of at least 40% by mass.

Abstract: A method of molding a wind turbine blade in a mold is provided. The method includes applying a film to an inside surface of a mold, assembling component layers for the wind turbine blade on the film, performing curing to harden the component layers, and subsequently removing the cured wind turbine blade from the mold. Also provided is a film suitable for use in a wind turbine blade molding process and a mold suitable for molding a wind turbine blade.

Abstract: A method for forming a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component for gas turbine engines. The method contemplates replacing a plurality of plies with insert material. The insert material can be partially cured or pre-cured and applied in place of a plurality of small plies or it may be inserted into cavities of a component in the form of a paste or a ply. The insert material is isotropic, being formed of a combination of matrix material and chopped fibers, tow, cut plies or combinations thereof. The use of the insert material allows for features such as thin edges (650) with thicknesses of less than about 0.030 inches and small radii such as found in corners (680, 710). The CMC components of the present invention replace small ply inserts cut to size to fit into areas of contour change or thickness change, and replace the small ply inserts with a fabricated single piece discontinuously reinforced composite insert, resulting in fewer defects, such as wrinkles, and better dimensional control.

Abstract: A ceramic member in which the metal layers with high void ratio are sufficiently sintered to lower a residue of resin is produced. The method for manufacturing a ceramic member which comprises a step of forming a stacked compact from a plurality of metallic paste layers containing a metal component M1 that are stacked one on another via ceramic green sheets, and a step of firing the stacked compact, wherein at least one of plural metallic paste layers is formed as a second metallic paste layer that has the mass percentage X higher than that of the metallic paste layer that adjoin therewith in the stacking direction, the mass percentage X being the proportion of the metal component M1 to the total metal content in the metallic paste layer.

Abstract: A surface of a laminate base body including a projection is caused to penetrate at least a film-shaped laminating body and surely laminated by a simple configuration, and a laminate thereof is formed at a uniform thickness without an occurrence of voids. A laminating device is provided with a heating unit configured to heat at least an insulating resin film; an upper plate and a lower plate configured to be capable of opening and closing, and configured to form a chamber that becomes sealed upon closing; a receiving member having an elasticity and disposed on the upper plate; an elastic membrane body disposed on the lower plate; a vacuuming unit configured to vacuum inside of the chamber; and a compressing unit configured to bloat the elastic membrane body.

Abstract: A bonding apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first holding unit, a second holding unit, a first cooling mechanism, a second cooling mechanism, a third heating mechanism and a fourth heating mechanism. The first holding unit has a first heating mechanism and holds a first substrate. The second holding unit has a second heating mechanism and holds a second substrate. The pressing mechanism contacts and presses the first substrate and the second substrate. The first cooling mechanism cools the first substrate through the first holding unit. The second cooling mechanism cools the second substrate through the second holding unit. The third heating mechanism heats the first cooling mechanism. The fourth heating mechanism heats the second cooling mechanism.

Abstract: A sling label comprises a single layer label portion having an upper surface and a lower surface, a cut in the label portion forming a sling, and adhesive on the lower surface of the label portion. The adhesive is inactivated on the lower surface of the label corresponding to the position of the sling. Further, a method for making a sling label comprises placing a single layer label portion over a backing layer so that the label portion adheres to the backing layer by means of the adhesive, and inactivating a portion of the adhesive on the lower surface of the label portion. A diecut is made in the label portion where the adhesive on the lower surface of the label portion has been inactivated, and the label portion is re-fastened to the backing layer.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a window member for a display device of a portable terminal includes: fabricating a high-hardness sheet to be attached to a surface of the window member (‘sheet fabrication step’), fabricating a body of the window member with a high-polymer synthetic resin (‘body fabrication step’), and attaching the high-hardness sheet to an outer surface of the body (‘attaching step’), in which the outer surface of the body is formed to have a curved surface in the body fabrication step.

Abstract: A joining method for joining a resin member and a metal member by heating is provided. Joining of the resin member and metal member is performed by heating a joining interface of the resin member and metal member to a temperature in a range of equal to or higher than a decomposition temperature of the resin member and lower than a temperature at which gas bubbles are generated in the resin member and by cooling a surface of the resin member on the opposite side from a joining surface thereof with the metal member to a temperature that is lower than the melting point of the resin member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for a bubble-free bonding of large-surface glass panes in an automatic production process. An embodiment of the device comprises: a) a pivoting bench plate having a securing device for receiving a glass pane, b) a barrier material application head having a camera for monitoring, at least one ventilation element being mounted by a mounting head, c) an adhesive metering and application head having a process control sensor for the application of adhesive, d) a gripping device having a covering plate gripper for receiving a covering plate, and e) a vacuum suction device and a closing device for the ventilation system.

Abstract: A room temperature bonding apparatus includes angle adjustment means supporting a first sample stage holding a first substrate so as to be able to change a direction of the first sample stage; a first driving device driving the first stage in a first direction; a second driving device driving a second sample stage holding a second substrate in a second direction not parallel to the first direction; and a carriage support table supporting the second sample stage in the first direction when the second substrate and the first substrate are brought into contact. The apparatus can impose a load exceeding a withstand load of the second driving device on the first and second substrates. Further, the apparatus uses angle adjustment means to change direction of the first substrate to be parallel with the second substrate and uniformly impose the larger load on a bonding surface.

Abstract: An embodiment of the inventive method of transfer lamination bonding a first metallized side of a film to a substrate. Then a breakaway coating is applied to a second, non-metallized side of the film after the first metallized side has been bonded to the substrate. The bonded film and substrate are then placed in an oven. The film is then stripped from the substrate leaving metal from the film deposited on the substrate. The application of the breakaway coating is performed as an inline part of the transfer lamination process thereby providing an ease of manufacture presently unknown.

Abstract: A method of joining substrate portions includes positioning the substrate portions such that the substrate portions overlap at an overlap area. The substrate portions each have a melting temperature and an outer surface. A fluid is heated to a temperature sufficient to at least partially melt the substrate portions. A jet of the heated fluid is directed from a fluid orifice onto the substrate portions at the overlap area. The heated fluid penetrates at least one of the outer surfaces of the substrate portions. The substrate portions are at least partially melted using the heated fluid. The substrate portions are compressed using a pressure applying surface adjacent the fluid orifice to join the substrate portions together at the overlap area.

Abstract: A method of operating an evaporator is described. In evaporator feed water, a Taylor bubble is developed which has an outer surface including a thin film in contact with an inner surface of an outer wall of an evaporator tube. The Taylor bubble is heated as it rises within the evaporator tube so that liquid in the thin film transitions into vapor within the bubble.