Abstract: Even when a high voltage in electric railways is applied from power lines, an electric automobile makes it possible to apply an appropriate voltage lower than the high voltage to a motor and an inverter that supplies the motor with electric power. The electric automobile includes, a first DC/DC converter that steps up the battery voltage of a high-voltage battery to a level corresponding to an power line feeding voltage, a second converter connected between power line contact terminals, which are brought into contact with power lines to receive electric power from the power lines under the high power line feeding voltage, and the DC terminals of the inverter for energizing the motor. Therefore, even if the high power line feeding voltage is applied from the power lines, the second DC/DC converter functions as an electric damping device to prevent the high voltage from being applied to the inverter.

Abstract: A method for protecting batteries with consideration for the influence of a load coupled to a battery pack is provided. The battery pack includes a terminal to be coupled to a capacitor of the load, and a battery management system for controlling a protection operation according to a voltage of the terminal, counting a number of protection operation executions after the load is coupled to the battery pack, and differently controlling a deactivation time of the protection operations depending on whether or not the number of executions is greater than or equal to a reference count.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a power supply including a transformer comprising a single output terminal on a secondary side, a first output unit comprising a first capacitor and connected to the single output terminal to output a first output voltage, a second output unit comprising a second capacitor having a larger capacity than the first capacitor and connected to the single output terminal to output a second output voltage, and a controller configured to control the first output voltage to be output until power is applied and charging of the second capacitor is started.

Abstract: Provided are a digital current equalizing device, an analog current equalizing device, a current equalizing method and a system. The digital current equalizing device comprises: an output current sampling amplifying module (102), a digital processing module (104), and a main power frequency conversion module (106). An input terminal of the output current sampling amplifying module (102) connects to an output loop of a power supply, and an output terminal of the output current sampling amplifying module (102) connects to a current equalizing bus through a resistor R0, wherein the digital processing module (104) is configured to adjust an output voltage reference signal Vr according to a difference between an output voltage signal V2 of the output current sampling amplifying module (102) and an voltage signal Vbus of the current equalizing bus, and the main power frequency conversion module (106) is controlled to adjust the voltage according to the adjusted output voltage reference signal Vr?.

Abstract: A device is configured to provide low dropout regulation. An amplifier stage includes a first transistor electrically connected to an output of the device, and a second transistor. A current mirror includes a third transistor electrically connected to the second transistor, and a fourth transistor electrically connected to the third transistor. The auxiliary current source has a control terminal electrically connected to a gate electrode of the fourth transistor. The pull down stage includes a fifth transistor having a gate electrode electrically connected to a drain electrode of the first transistor, and a sixth transistor having a gate electrode electrically connected to the gate electrode of the fourth transistor. The pull up transistor has a gate electrode electrically connected to a drain electrode of the fifth transistor. The first capacitor has a first terminal electrically connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor.

Abstract: A level shift circuit and a DC-DC buck converter controller for using the same are disclosed. The level shift circuit is capable of detecting a state of a converting circuit, and avoids a current leakage when determining that the converting circuit is operating under a light-load. Therefore, the level shift circuit and the DC-DC converting controller provided by the present invention can reduce power consumption under the light-load and have power-saving advantage.

Abstract: A feeding apparatus feeds an electric power to an object to which the electric power is fed. The feeding apparatus includes a DC/DC converter and a driver. The DC/DC converter outputs a PWM signal. The driver feeds the electric power to the object to which the electric power is fed in accordance with the PWM signal. The DC/DC converter outputs a prescribed voltage value during a Tri-State shift.

Abstract: An output switching circuit includes a switching circuit having a first transistor connected to a high-voltage power supply, a second transistor connected to a low-voltage power supply, and an output s terminal at a connection node between the first and second transistors; a comparison unit that compares an input signal with a feedback signal obtained by feedback of an output signal of the output terminal via a low-pass filter to generate a comparison signal; and a drive pulse generating unit that generates first drive pulses for driving the first transistor and second drive pulses for driving the second transistor in accordance with the comparison signal.

Abstract: A matrix converter includes a power converter, a command generator, and a commutation controller. The power converter includes bidirectional switches each having a conducting direction controllable by switching elements. The bidirectional switches are disposed between input terminals coupled to phases of an AC power source and output terminals coupled to phases of a load. The command generator generates a control command based on a voltage command specifying a pulse width of pulse width modulation control. The commutation controller controls the switching elements by a commutation method based on the control command so as to perform commutation control. The command generator includes a corrector to, when an error in an output voltage is caused by the commutation control, correct the pulse width specified in the voltage command in generating the control command to reduce the error in the output voltage.

Abstract: A matrix converter includes a power converter, a control information generator, a commutation controller, a storage, and an error compensator. The power converter includes bidirectional switches each having a conducting direction controllable by switching elements. The bidirectional switches are disposed between input terminals and output terminals. The input terminals are respectively coupled to phases of an AC power source. The output terminals are respectively coupled to phases of a load. The control information generator generates control information to control the bidirectional switches. The commutation controller controls each of the switching elements based on the control information so as to perform commutation control. The storage stores setting information of at least one of a method of the commutation control and a modulation method of power conversion. The error compensator compensates for an output voltage error based on the setting information.

Abstract: Load switch supply circuits and methods are provided that allow a load switch to maintain power delivery without having the load switch encounter thermal or power overload conditions. In an example, a load switch supply circuit can include a multiplier circuit configured to receive a first representation of voltage across a load switch and a representation of current provided by the load switch and to provide a representation of power dissipated by the load switch, and a control amplifier configured to compare the representation of power dissipated by the load switch to a power threshold and to adjust a control terminal of the load switch to avoid cycling the load switch to an off state due to thermal overload or power overload conditions.

Abstract: A circuit and method for providing a current limiting feature in a low dropout (“LDO”) linear voltage regulator. A pass element generates an output voltage that is less than the input voltage. The pass element is normally enabled by an error amplifier that compares a feedback signal from the output of the pass element with a reference signal. However, the pass element may be enabled by a current limiting circuit that bypasses the error amplifier to limit the current generated at the output of the pass element.

Abstract: A timing controlled converter and method for converting a time varying input signal to a regulated DC output voltage for application to a load circuit. A feedback loop is employed as a control means for switchably coupling the time varying input signal to the load circuit for controlled periods of time in a manner so as to provide an average load voltage equal to a reference voltage. The duration of the controlled periods of time is a function of: the difference between the time varying input signal and the output voltage; and the integral of the difference between the output voltage and the reference voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus and system comprise a noise cancelation power converter being configured for phase inverted synchronous operation with respect to a primary power converter. The primary power converter is operable to supply power to at least one device. The primary power converter produces a first electromagnetic interference during operation to supply the power. The first electromagnetic interference is coupleable to the device. The noise cancelation power converter further is configured with parasitic components substantially matching parasitic components of the primary power converter. The noise cancelation power converter further produces a second electromagnetic interference that is coupleable to the device.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes a main reactor disposed in a main energization path, a first main switching element disposed in the main energization path and on-off controlled to cause current flowing through the main reactor to intermittently flow, a second main switching element forming a discharge loop configured to discharge electrical energy stored in the main reactors to the DC voltage output terminal side, an auxiliary reactor disposed between the first main switching element and the main reactor, an auxiliary switching element discharging electrical energy stored in the reactors through the main reactor to the DC voltage output terminal side in the main energization path, diodes connected reversely in parallel to the respective main switching elements and the auxiliary switching element, and a series circuit connected in parallel to the auxiliary reactor and including a diode with an anode located at the main reactor side and a capacitor.

Abstract: An improved current limiting circuit comprising a switch having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first and second terminal configured to connect a power supply to a load. A first resistor connected in series between the first terminal and a first constant current source. A second resistor connected in series between the second terminal and a second constant current source. A control circuit configured to measure a voltage drop across the first resistor and compare the voltage drop to a voltage drop across the switch.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a current balancing device and method capable of balancing an output current and an input current of a current loop. Said device comprises: a transmission circuit for outputting an output current and receiving an input current; at least one adjustable resistor set in the current loop for providing resistance according to at least one adjustment signal; and a current balancing circuit, coupled to the transmission circuit and the adjustable resistor, for determining whether the difference between the output and input currents satisfies a predetermined requirement in light of a predetermined duration and thereby generating the adjustment signal, wherein if the difference between the output and input currents fails to satisfy the predetermined requirement, the current balancing circuit will adjust the resistance of the adjustable resistor through the adjustment signal, so as to reduce the difference between the output and input currents.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes a voltage conversion circuit boosting a voltage of a DC power supply and supplying the voltage to a load, a bypass circuit provided in parallel to the voltage conversion circuit, a drive circuit turning on and off a switching element of the bypass circuit, and a controller outputting a control signal for controlling the voltage conversion circuit and the drive circuit. A diode is connected in parallel to the switching element so as to be oriented toward a forward direction with respect to the DC power supply. A temperature detector of the drive circuit detects temperature of the diode. The drive circuit maintains the switching element in the on state irrespective of the control signal of the controller when the temperature detector detects a temperature greater than or equal to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A detection method for an electronic device having a chip is disclosed. The method includes: obtaining, at a detection device, a voltage of at least one signal pin of a chip coupled to the detection device; converting, at the detection device, the obtained voltage to one or more digital voltage signals; and determining, at the detection device, if the one or more digital voltage signals are in a predetermined voltage range in which the chip is correctly operational.

Abstract: For inspecting polarities of poles of DC voltage sources, each pole being individually connected to one of separate input terminals of a combiner circuit, an inspection apparatus includes electric contacts each provided for one of the input terminals such that one of the poles of each DC voltage sources is each connected to one of the electric contacts, respectively. A signaling element when subjected to an electric signal emits a matching signal. One switching element per each of the at least two electric contacts forwards the electric signal if a polarity of a voltage present at the respective electric contact matches a polarity pre-set for the respective electric contact with regard to a reference potential, and blocks the electric signal if the polarity of the voltage does not match the pre-set polarity. The switching elements are electrically connected in series.

Abstract: Manufacturing of magnetometer units employs a test socket having a substantially rigid body with a cavity therein holding an untested unit in a predetermined position proximate electrical connection thereto, wherein one or more magnetic field sources fixed in the body provide known magnetic fields at the position so that the response of each unit is measured and compared to stored expected values. Based thereon, each unit can be calibrated or trimmed by feeding corrective electrical signals back to the unit through the test socket until the actual and expected responses match or the unit is discarded as uncorrectable. In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic field sources are substantially orthogonal coil pairs arranged so that their centerlines coincide at a common point within the predetermined position. Because the test-socket is especially rugged and compact, other functions (e.g., accelerometers) included in the unit can also be easily tested and trimmed.

Abstract: In a position detection device of a type that omits a secondary coil, various inconveniences arising from the use of a voltage-dividing resistance (fixed resistor) are eliminated. At least two pairs of coils are provided. A magnetism-responsive member are placed so as to effect relative displacement in relation to the coils, the relative position of the member in relation to the coils varies with a position of a detection object, and impedance of each coil is varied with the relative position. The impedance changes of two coils constituting each one of coil pairs present characteristics of mutually opposite phase characteristics. For each coil pair, the two coils constituting the pair are connected in series with each other, and from a connection point thereof, a voltage-divided output voltage according to the impedance of the two coils is taken out as a detection output signal for the pair.

Abstract: Remote sensors and methods of remote sensing are disclosed. A remote sensor includes a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit includes a first coil, a magnetic field generator for driving a current through the first coil to generate a magnetic field, and circuitry for determining loading of the magnetic field. The second circuit includes a second coil located proximate the first coil and a voltage-to-current converter for converting a voltage at an input of the second circuit to current and applying the current to the second coil. The current in the second coil registers as a loading of the magnetic field generated by the first coil. The loss, in response to the loading of the magnetic field, is measurable by the first circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magnetic angle sensor module having first magnetic polewheel comprising a first number of poles and a second magnetic polewheel comprising a second number of poles greater than the first number. First and second magneto-resistive sensors are located around the first polewheel at a first angular position and a second angular position, respectively. The first and second magneto-resistive sensors collectively generate sensor signals corresponding to a measured angle of the first polewheel, while the third magneto-resistive sensor generates a third sensor signal corresponding to a measured angle of the second polewheel. A signal processor receives the first and third sensor signals and operates an algorithm that determines a position within a signal curve of the second polewheel from the first sensor signal and that determines an enhanced angle from the position within the signal curve and the third sensor signal.

Abstract: An actuator and sensor assembly with a housing defining a pocket and an access opening. A substrate with a sensor is located in the pocket through the access opening. A nozzle extends from the housing. A sleeve surrounds the nozzle and retains a hose on the nozzle. A connector assembly is located opposite and normal the pocket and the substrate. Compliant terminal pins extend generally normally from the connector assembly into the pocket and through-holes in the substrate. An actuator shaft gimbal includes a head located in a housing collar and a flexible neck extends through a housing aperture. A shoulder on the neck of the gimbal locks the gimbal in the collar.

Abstract: A magnetic encoder structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a back plate; and a magnet rubber which has a ring shape, and is vulcanized and attached to a rear surface of the back plate, in which the magnet rubber has a plurality of protruding portions which protrudes from an adhesive surface that is attached to the back plate, and groove portions which are formed between the protruding portions, and the protruding portions and the groove portions are repetitively disposed in a rotation direction of the magnet rubber.

Abstract: A rotational angle sensor for determining an angular position of a reference component with respect to an axial direction includes a magnet retaining component having a magnet. The magnet retaining component is connectable to the reference component via an interference-fit connection so as to rotate with the reference component while being axially displaceable relative to the reference component. The rotational angle sensor also includes a sensor attached to the reference component such that it can rotate with respect to the reference component, and the sensor is configured to detect a magnetic field generated by the magnet. Also included is a spring element configured to exert an axial force on the magnet retaining component so that an axial spacing between the sensor and the magnet assumes a predetermined value.

Abstract: The present invention relates einen energy-self-sufficient multiturn rotary encoder for detecting a number of complete 360° revolutions of an encoder shaft, rotating about a rotational axis and to which an excitation magnet is mounted in a rotationally fixed manner for generating an external magnetic field, as well as for determining an absolute rotational angle indicating a fine-resolved position within one 360° revolution of the encoder shaft, wherein the multiturn rotary encoder for energy-self sufficiently detecting the number of the complete 360° revolutions of the encoder shaft several functional blocks comprises. Further, a corresponding method is taught.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a sensor circuit may include a first receiver circuit that may be configured to receive a first signal that is representative oil a first mutual inductance and form a first detection signal that is representative of the first mutual inductance, wherein the first variable mutual inductance varies in response to a position of a metal object. An embodiment may include a second receiver circuit configured to receive a second signal that is representative of a second mutual inductance and form a second detection signal that is representative of the second mutual inductance, wherein the second mutual inductance varies in response to the position of the metal object. In an embodiment, the sensor circuit may include a recognition circuit configured to assert a movement detected signal responsively to a first value of the first detection signal, configured to assert a movement direction signal responsively to a first value of the second detection signal.

Abstract: A magnetic angle detector (10) includes a detected object (20a) including a plurality of concave and convex parts (21a) formed at a predetermined pitch on an outer peripheral surface, and a detection body (30a) disposed to face an outer peripheral surface of the detected object. The detection body is a polyhedron, and at least two magnetic detection units (34a and 34b) matching a different detected object are arranged on one plane of the polyhedron. The at least two magnetic detection units are arranged rotationally symmetrically around an arbitrary axis of the detection body.

Abstract: A magnetic field component in a Z direction is guided by a magnetic field guide layer and applied to a magnetic sensor in an X direction that is the same as a sensitivity axis direction thereof, and a detection output is obtained. A bridge circuit is formed with a plurality of magnetic sensors and configured such that an output is not provided for a magnetic field component in the X direction. However, when an external magnetic field in the X direction is drawn to the magnetic field guide layer, variation of sensitivity for the X direction may occur. Thus, soft magnetic characteristics of a first portion of the magnetic field guide layer are deteriorated to decrease the magnetic permeability of the first portion.

Abstract: A damage detecting apparatus comprises a magnetic-flux generating unit, a first magnetic-flux detecting element, a second magnetic-flux detecting element and a supporting unit. The magnetic-flux generating unit generates a magnetic flux in an object to be inspected. The first magnetic-flux detecting element is detects a magnetic flux leaking from a circumferential part of the object. The second magnetic-flux detecting element is arranged, opposing the first magnetic-flux detecting element across the object and detects a magnetic flux leaking from any other circumferential part of the object. The supporting unit supports the first and second magnetic-flux detecting elements, enabling the first and second magnetic-flux detecting elements to change in position relative to each other in a diameter direction of the object.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetoresistive magnetic field gradient sensor, comprising a substrate, a magnetoresistive bridge and a permanent magnet respectively disposed on the substrate; the magnetoresistive bridge comprises two or more magnetoresistive arms; each magnetoresistive arm consists of one or more magnetoresistive elements; each magnetoresistive element is provided with a magnetic pinning layer; the magnetic pinning layers of all the magnetoresistive elements have the same magnetic moment direction; the permanent magnet is disposed adjacent to each magnetoresistive arm to provide a bias field, and to zero the offset of the response curve of the magnetoresistive element; the magnetoresistive gradiometer includes wire bonding pads that can be electrically interconnected using wire bonding to an ASIC or to the lead frame of a semiconductor chip package.

Abstract: An optical magnetometer is disclosed. The device includes a cell filled with a substance that has a magnetic moment, such as an alkali metal. First and second light sources, typically diode lasers, illuminate the cell, one optically pumping the cell and one probing the cell. The two diode lasers are set to emit light at two distinct wavelengths, one set to drive a first transition and the other set to drive a second transition within the substance filling the cell. The probe laser light transiting the cell is used to modulate the frequency of the probe laser. The two beams of light are polarized with an ellipticity of at least 0.3.

Abstract: A magnetic field measurement apparatus includes a first gas cell disposed in a +z direction when seen from an object to be measured, a second gas cell disposed in the +z direction when seen from the first gas cell, a first measurement unit which measures a component of a magnetic field in the first gas cell, a second measurement unit which measures a component of a magnetic field in the second gas cell, a magnetic field generation unit which generates the magnetic field toward the second gas cell so as to reduce the component measured by the second measurement unit, and an output unit which outputs a signal in response to the difference in the components respectively measured by the first measurement unit and second measurement unit.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for quantifying microscopic diffusion anisotropy and/or mean diffusivity in a material by analysis of echo attenuation curves acquired with two different gradient modulations schemes, wherein one gradient modulation scheme is based on isotropic diffusion weighting and the other gradient modulation scheme is based on non-isotropic diffusion weighting, and wherein the method comprises analyzing by comparing the signal decays of the two acquired echo attenuation curves.

Abstract: Methods and systems for assessing pulmonary gas exchange and/or alveolar-capillary barrier status include obtaining at least one MRI image and/or image data of hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved in the red blood cells (RBC) in the gas exchange region of the lungs of a patient. The image is sufficiently sensitive to allow a clinician or image recognition program to assess at least one of pulmonary gas exchange, barrier thickness or barrier function based on the 129Xe MRI image.

Abstract: Methods are provided for separating oil and water signals in multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) maps. In one embodiment, separate multidimensional NMR maps are provided for oil and water content. In another embodiment, an oil-water boundary and a water-gas boundary are generated on a D-T2 map. The boundaries may be curved boundaries or lines.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus.

Abstract: In a method and a magnetic resonance system to acquire MR data of a slice of a volume segment within an examination subject, a slice selection gradient is activated along a first direction that is orthogonal to the slice. An RF excitation pulse is radiated for selective excitation of the slice, a first phase coding gradient is activated along the first direction, and a second phase coding gradient is activated along a second direction. The second direction is orthogonal to the first direction. A readout gradient is activated along a third direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. MR data are acquired while the readout gradient is activated. A number of phase coding steps for the second phase coding gradient is determined depending on the first phase coding gradient.

Abstract: The invention features a portable device for monitoring changes in the rheological state of multiple samples by NMR based measurement. The rheological changes can be, for example, gelation occurring during limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) testing for endotoxins or blood coagulation. The inventive method entails organization of individual NMR tubes in a disposable cartridge where the tubes are connected through a top cover, provided with movable actuators to push the reagent in the reagent compartments of the individual chambers to the reaction chambers in a predetermined sequence.

Abstract: A power converter for powering a gradient coil (22) of a magnetic resonance examination system, comprising: a plurality of essentially identical switching cells (14, 16, 18), each switching cell (14, 16, 18) having a plurality of switching members (52) that are provided to switch between a conducting state configuration and an essentially non-conducting state configuration, and the switching cells (14, 16, 18) being provided to switch at at least a fundamental switching frequency fSW and in a pre-determined temporal relationship to each other, a pulse control unit (20) provided to control the pre-determined temporal relationship of switching of the switching cells (14, 16, 18) by providing switching pulses to the switching members (52) of the switching cells (14, 16, 18), wherein the pulse control unit (20) is provided to determine a correction for the pre-determined temporal relationship of the switching of the switching cells (14, 16, 18) from at least one electrical quantity each of each one of the plurali

Abstract: An apparatus can be provided that can include a plurality of electric dipole antenna arrangements, and a processing arrangement configured to receive a signal(s) from the electric dipole antenna arrangements, and generate a magnetic resonance image based on the signal(s). Each of the electric dipole antenna arrangements can have at least two poles extending in opposite directions from each other. One of the poles can have a curved shape, which can bifurcate and follow two mirror symmetric S-shapes.

Abstract: A TEM resonator system is disclosed comprising at least two TEM resonators (21,31; 22, 32), especially in the form of TEM volume coils, and especially for use in an MR imaging system or apparatus for transmitting RF excitation signals and/or for receiving MR signals into/from an examination object or a part thereof, respectively, wherein the TEM resonators are arranged and displaced along a common longitudinal axis and wherein an intermediate RF shield (4) is positioned in longitudinal direction between the two TEM resonators for at least substantially preventing electromagnetic radiation from emanating from between the first TEM resonator and the second TEM resonator into the surroundings. A PET detector and/or another supplementary element can be placed in the volume between the two TEM resonators.

Abstract: The transmission antenna apparatus is configured for emitting transmission magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging devices and includes one or more flat antennas. A magnetic resonance imaging device includes such a transmission antenna apparatus.

Abstract: A fluid monitoring apparatus includes a housing and a tracer sensor attached to an exterior of the housing. The housing has at least one flow passage for a fluid sample and a port for the tracer sensor to monitor the fluid sample in the housing. In one example, the monitoring apparatus may include a plurality of tracer sensors attached to the housing, wherein the tracer sensors are interchangeably attached to the housing. In one embodiment, the monitoring apparatus may be attached to a first well for detecting the presence of a tracer in the first well, wherein the tracer is supplied from a second well.

Abstract: Contactor switches between a multi-cell battery pack and an electric vehicle load are monitored. A main microcontroller having a chassis ground is digitally isolated from positive and negative busses of the battery pack. A battery monitoring IC having a plurality of auxiliary/thermistor A/D inputs measures respective voltages of battery cells. An evaluation switch is connected to a junction between a first contactor switch and the load. The evaluation switch is activated in response to a command received from the main microprocessor. A voltage divider is coupled between the output of the evaluation switch and the negative bus to provide a divided voltage output to one of the auxiliary/thermistor A/D inputs. The battery monitoring IC transmits a digital value representative of the divided voltage output to the main microprocessor via a serial data link, and the main microprocessor determines a state of the contactor in response to the digital value.

Abstract: A method for determining, by sampling at a given frequency, a maximum voltage value of a load signal of at least one motor vehicle battery cell, the load signal to be sampled being rectified and sinusoidal and having a frequency that is higher than the sampling frequency, the method including: determining a sampling frequency, a measurement time at the sampling frequency, and a related inaccuracy, measuring a load voltage with the predetermined sampling frequency and with the predetermined measurement time, and determining a maximum load voltage.

Abstract: Total voltage output by a multi-cell battery pack in an electric vehicle is monitored. A main microcontroller having a chassis ground is digitally isolated from positive and negative busses of the battery pack. A battery monitoring IC having a plurality of auxiliary/thermistor A/D inputs measures respective voltages of the battery cells. A voltage divider is selectably coupled to the positive bus by an evaluation switch under control of the main microprocessor with an auxiliary output terminal of the IC. A divided voltage is coupled to one of the auxiliary/thermistor A/D inputs. The battery monitoring IC transmits a digital value representative of the divided voltage output to the main microprocessor via the serial data link, and the main microprocessor determines the main battery voltage in response to the digital value.

Abstract: Provided are a thermoelectric conductivity measurement instrument of a thermoelectric device and a measuring method of the same. The thermoelectric conductivity measurement instrument of the thermoelectric device includes a sample piece fixing module configured to provide an environment for measuring physical properties of the thermoelectric device as a sample piece and comprising an electrode part configured to provide contact points which are respectively in contact with both ends of the sample piece, and a measuring circuit module configured to provide a source AC voltage of a first frequency heating the sample piece to the electrode part, detect a first thermoelectric AC voltage of a second frequency greater than the first frequency and a second thermoelectric AC voltage of a third frequency greater than the second frequency, which are generated by a temperature change occurring at the contact points, and then obtain the thermoelectric conductivity.