Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel and a mold frame. The display panel includes a display area, a peripheral area surrounding the display area, an alignment mark on the peripheral area, and a cover element overlapping the alignment mark to cover the alignment mark. The mold frame has a frame shape configured to receive the display panel. The mold frame includes a panel guide protrusion protruding from an inner surface of the mold frame, and the panel guide protrusion is adjacent to the alignment mark.

Abstract: A display device according to the present invention includes a display panel (liquid crystal panel); a backlight located on a rear surface of the display panel; a circuit board located on a rear surface of the backlight; flexible wiring located between a first connecting side that is one side of the display panel and a second connecting side that is one side of the circuit board to bridge over one side of the backlight, the flexible wiring connecting the display panel and the circuit board to each other; and a support a support that supports the display panel or the circuit board by regulating at least one of a movement, on the first connecting side, toward at least a side opposite to the second connecting side and a movement, on the second connecting side, toward at least a side opposite to the first connecting side.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a TFT array substrate; a counter substrate; a black matrix located on a surface of the counter substrate on the TFT-array-substrate side, the black matrix having, in a display region in which the pixels are disposed, a plurality of first openings formed at positions corresponding to the pixels, the black matrix being formed in a solid manner in a non-display region that is a periphery of the display region and is adjacent to the display region; a color material layer located on the counter substrate through the plurality of first openings and on the black matrix, the color material layer being formed in a solid manner in the display region and being formed to have the plurality of second openings as dummies in the non-display region; and a plurality of columnar spacers extended between the color material layer and the TFT array substrate.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a plastic rear cover, a supporting frame, a liquid crystal display (LCD) module, a light bar and a front cover. The plastic rear cover constructs a rear half portion of an appearance of the flat panel display. The supporting frame is connected to the plastic rear cover. The LCD module is connected to the supporting frame. The light bar is disposed aside the LCD module. The front cover is connected to the plastic rear cover, constructs a front half portion of the appearance of the flat panel display, and has an opening to expose the LCD module.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a light guide plate, alight emitting diode, a limiting block, an elastic member, and a bezel having a containing structure. The light guide plate is disposed in the containing structure and has a side surface and a light entrance surface opposite to the side surface. The light emitting diode is disposed at a position corresponding to the light entrance surface of the light guide plate for emitting light into the light guide plate via the light entrance surface. The limiting block is located at a side of the light emitting diode and extends inwardly from the containing structure for abutting against the light entrance surface. The elastic member abuts against at least one of the light entrance surface and the side surface and the containing structure and is used for providing elastic force to drive the light guide plate to abut against the limiting block.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes a light source providing a blue light; a light guide plate of glass at a side of the light source; an optical sheet on the light guide plate; a reflective sheet under the light guide plate; and an optic change part including a yellow fluorescent material, wherein the blue light is changed into a white light by the optical change part.

Abstract: A color conversion substrate that can improve light use efficiency is provided. A color conversion substrate includes a transparent substrate having a main surface, a plurality of phosphor patterns arranged on the main surface and each of the phosphor patterns having side faces, and a reflective film that reflects light and is formed on at least the side faces of the phosphor patterns. An air layer is defined between the main surface and the phosphor patterns.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel; a plurality of backlight units disposed on a rear side of the display panel; a first frame disposed on a rear side of the backlight units; a heat transfer sheet disposed on a rear side of the first frame above a predetermined position; and a second frame disposed on a rear side of the heat transfer sheet. An air layer is formed between the first frame and the second frame, below the heat transfer sheet.

Abstract: A compensation film includes: a first retardation layer including a polymer; a second retardation layer including a liquid crystal having positive birefringence; and a compensation layer including a liquid crystal having a vertical alignment property, where an angle between slow axes of the first and second retardation layers is in a range of about 85 to about 95 degrees, an entire in-plane retardation (Re0) of the first retardation layer, the second retardation layer and the compensation layer for wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm satisfy the following inequation: Re0(450 nm)<Re0(550 nm)<Re0(650 nm), an in-plane retardation (Re3) of the compensation layer for the incident light having a wavelength of about 550 nm is in a range of about zero to about 50 nm, and a thickness direction retardation (Rth3) of the compensation layer for the incident light is less than zero.

Abstract: A compensation film includes a first retardation layer including a polymer having negative birefringence, and a second retardation layer including a liquid crystal having positive birefringence, where the first retardation layer has an in-plane retardation (Re1) of 320 nm to 1050 nm for incident light having wavelength of 550 nm, the second retardation layer has an in-plane retardation (Re2) of 180 nm to 910 nm for the incident light, an entire in-plane retardation (Re0) of the first and second retardation layers for the incident light is a difference between the in-plane retardations of the first and second retardation layers, an angle between slow axes of the first and second retardation layers is 85 to 95 degrees, and the entire in-plane retardation (Re0) of the first and second retardation layers for the wavelength of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm satisfies Re0 (450 nm)<Re0 (550 nm)<Re0 (650 nm).

Abstract: A liquid crystal device, a precursor composition, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal device, an apparatus of manufacturing a liquid crystal device, and use of the liquid crystal device are provided. A device capable of being driven at a low driving voltage can be provided. The device can be realized so that the device can be driven in a normally transparent mode or a normally black mode. Also, the device has other excellent characteristics such as a contrast ratio. Such a liquid crystal device can be applied to various light modulation devices such as smart windows, window-protecting films, flexible display devices, active retarders for displaying 3D images, or viewing angle-adjusting films.

Abstract: As an apparatus for manufacturing a micro lens array includes a first substrate having a plurality of cavities formed at locations corresponding to locations of the plurality of micro lenses, and a second substrate having a lower softening point than the first substrate and bonded on the first substrate to close the plurality of cavities, wherein a portion of the second substrate located on the cavities swells convexly by air trapped in the cavities expanding its volume in response to a temperature above the softening point of the second substrate being applied, to form domes corresponding to a shape of the micro lenses, and the micro lens array is cast using the second substrate having the formed domes as a mold.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided with displays that have polarizers. A polarizer may have a polymer layer that has a portion covered with a dichroic dye to form a polarized region and a portion that is free of dichroic dye to form an unpolarized region. The unpolarized region may be formed by masking the polymer layer during a dye coating process. Masks may be formed from polymers. The shape of the mask may define the shape of the unpolarized region. The mask may be left in place within the polarizer or may be removed from the polarizer during fabrication. Unpolarized regions may also be formed by light bleaching, chemical bleaching, and material removal techniques. Bleached areas may be chemically stabilized. A moisture barrier layer may be incorporated into the polarizer to help prevent the unpolarized region from reverting to a polarized state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first polarizing plate that includes a plurality of first areas to polarize a light and a second area disposed between the first areas to block the light, a pixel layer that includes a plurality of pixels and receives a first polarized light, a liquid crystal layer driven by the plurality of pixels and rotating a polarizing axis of the first polarized light to convert the first polarized light to a second polarized light having a polarizing axis substantially vertical to the polarizing axis of the first polarized light, and a second polarizing plate that transmits the second polarized light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes: a first type pixel including first liquid crystal molecules aligned approximately in a first direction; a second type pixel including second liquid crystal molecules aligned approximately in a second direction different from the first direction; a first lower polarizer disposed opposite to the first type pixel and having a transmissive axis approximately parallel to the first direction; and a second lower polarizer disposed opposite to the second type pixel and having a transmissive axis approximately parallel to the second direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal layer provided between two glass substrates having a thickness of 0.5 mm or less, polarization plates provided on both surfaces of the liquid crystal cell in which absorption axes of the polarization plates provided on both surfaces of the liquid crystal cell are disposed to be orthogonal with each other, and a back light provided on a rear side of the liquid crystal cell, and a difference (D-H) between a contractive force D in an absorption axis direction of the front side polarization plate, and a contractive force H in a transmission axis direction of the rear side polarization plate is 365×10 N/m or less.

Abstract: A dual-frequency bistable liquid crystal display and the liquid crystal mixture thereof includes liquid crystal cell filled with a liquid crystal mixture which contains dual-frequency liquid crystal, chiral compound, and nematic liquid crystal mixture. The liquid crystal mixture has the characteristics of both the dual-frequency liquid crystal and cholesteric liquid crystal. The dual-frequency bistable liquid crystal display is driven in a frequency modulation mode and can be switched between two optical states by taking advantage of the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal, which results in a short switching time and sharp contrast between two optical states. Furthermore, the maintaining of the two optical states requires no voltage, which does not require the use of a high voltage to destabilize the helical structure of the cholesteric liquid crystal, and does not have to go through a metastable stage. Hence, power consumption and switching time are reduced.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate (20); a second substrate (50); a first electrode (140) formed on a first surface of the first substrate (20), the first surface facing the second substrate (50), the first electrode (140) including a plurality of convex and concave portions (141); a first oriented film (21) formed on the first surface of the first substrate (20); a second electrode (160) formed on a second surface of a second substrate (50), the second surface facing the first substrate (20); and a liquid crystal layer (70) provided between the first substrate (20) and the second substrate (50), wherein at least one of the convex portions (143,144) includes a plurality of stepped portions. There is also provided a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A plurality of grooves (28) are provided in a surface of the array substrate (20) facing the liquid crystal layer (50) to extend along a sealing material, and are spaced apart from each other in a width direction of the sealing material. An alignment film (27) covers surfaces of some or all of the grooves located from a midway portion of the sealing material in a width direction thereof toward a display region (D), and is in contact with the sealing material, and part of the sealing material located from the midway portion in the width direction in a direction away from the display region is directly in contact with the array substrate without the alignment film being provided between the seal material and the array substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a substrate and a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate. A pixel electrode is connected to the thin film transistor. A roof layer faces the pixel electrode. A plurality of microcavities are disposed between the pixel electrode and the roof layer. A first microcavity is filled with a liquid crystal material. A first injection hole and a second injection hole are disposed at edges of the first microcavity. A height of the first and second injection holes are different. A plurality of grooves extending in a first direction are disposed between the plurality of microcavities. An alignment material layer is disposed on at least one of the grooves.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image display device which is configured to produce high luminance while maintaining color reproductivity and a method of efficiently selecting a combination of a light emitting device and a color filter.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first substrate including a display area in which a plurality of pixels is disposed and a non-display area disposed adjacent to the display area, a second substrate which faces the first substrate, an image display layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a sealing member which is in the non-display area and attaches the first substrate and the second substrate. The first and second substrates have a curved surface in a first direction, and a flat surface in a second direction crossing the first direction A width of the sealing member extended in the first direction is greater than a width of the sealing member extended in the second direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens panel includes an array substrate, an opposing substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the opposing substrate. The array substrate includes a first base substrate, a plurality of lens electrodes substantially parallel with one another on the first base substrate, a connection electrode electrically connected to the lens electrodes, a light blocking pattern overlapping the connection electrode and a terminal electrode electrically connected to the connection electrode. The opposing substrate includes a second base substrate which faces the array substrate and a lens common electrode which is on the second base substrate.

Abstract: The process of manufacturing of a coated spectacle frames is characterized by the following three main manufacturing processes: A—Bonding of at least one outer layer of coating material (A, C) on at least an inner layer of material having a structural function (B). The result is a coated panel (D); B—Cutting of the spectacle frame (E) from that covered panel (D); C—Bending and shaping of the previously cut spectacle (F). The layers that form the particular coated panel (D) may origin from different combinations of different materials, as indicated in the description and claims.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include eyewear that has one or more laminates applied to a lens body. In some embodiments, the lens body is constructed from a substantially rigid material having a curved shape. The lens body can have any desired curvature, including, for example, cylindrical, spherical or toroidal. A laminate can include a substantially flexible substrate and one or more functional layers or coatings applied to the substrate. In addition, one or more functional layers or coatings can be applied directly to the lens body. In certain embodiments, a bonding layer bonds a laminate to a convex and/or concave surface of the lens body. Examples of functional layers or coatings that can be applied to a laminate include anti-reflection coatings, interference stacks, hard coatings, flash mirrors, anti-static coatings, anti-fog coatings, other functional layers, or a combination of functional layers.

Abstract: Eyeglasses including a front frame to which two side arms are connected, and having electric and/or electronic elements connected to each other by an electric circuit, wherein the electric circuit is composed at least partially of at least one flexible printed circuit, which is housed into a seat formed at least partially inside the front frame and at least partially inside at least one arm.

Abstract: The present eyewear includes a pair of lenses, a pair of releasable connectors connected to respective inner ends of the lenses, temples pivotally connected to respective outer ends of the lenses and a rigid strap connected between the rear ends of the temples. The strap is further characterized as having parallel legs connected to the rear ends of the temples, transition segments having a first shape extending from the substantially parallel legs to an arc-shaped base which extends along the back of the user's head when worn The transition segments are bendable by a user causing them to change from their first shape to a second shape and to maintain the second shape unless bent further by the user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for Broad Line Fundus Imaging (BLFI), an imaging approach that is a hybrid between confocal and widefield imaging systems, are presented. These systems and methods are focused on improving the quality and signal of broad line fundus images or imaging methods to create high contrast and high resolution fundus images. Embodiments related to improved pupil splitting, artifact removal, reflex minimization, adaptable field of view, instrument alignment and illumination details are considered.

Abstract: An eye detecting device includes an optical assembly, an image sensor and an arithmetic unit. The optical assembly provides a plurality of incident lights. The incident lights enter into eyes to form a plurality of glints. At least part of glints is near a pupil of the eye. The image sensor is used to capture an eye image. The eye image includes images of the glints. The arithmetic unit analyzes the gray scale value of eye image and obtains the distributions of the glints through the gray scale value. The arithmetic unit determines the position of the pupil of eye according to the distributions of the glints.

Abstract: An adaptive optics system includes an irradiation unit adapted to irradiate an object with measurement light via a spatial light modulator; a detection unit adapted to detect a wavefront of return light from the object by a microlens array in which a plurality of microlenses are arranged; an acquisition unit adapted to acquire, based on the wavefront detected by the detection unit, correction data for correcting the wavefront by phase wrapping in the spatial light modulator; and a control unit adapted to perform control such that a wavefront discontinuous part formed by the phase wrapping determined by the correction data is held at not less than a predetermined distance from a center of each of the microlenses in the microlens array.

Abstract: A system includes a model eye and an optical measurement instrument, which includes: a corneal topography subsystem; a wavefront sensor subsystem; and an eye structure imaging subsystem. The subsystems may have a common fixation axis, and be operatively coupled to each other via a controller. The optical measurement instrument may perform measurements of the model eye to verify correct operation of the optical measurement instrument for measuring one or more characteristics of a subject's eye. The model eye may include an optically transmissive structure having a front curved surface and an opposite rear planar surface, and a material structure provided at the rear planar surface of the optically transmissive structure and having a characteristic to cause a speckle pattern of a portion of a coherent light beam that is directed back out the front curved surface of the optically transmissive structure to have a bright-to-dark ratio of less than 2:1.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are proposed for determining optical aberrations of an eye with its optical system including the cornea and the lens. The process includes the reconstructing of wavefront aberrations of the eye as a deviation of the wavefront, determined by the optical system of the eye with a process of aberrometry, with respect to an ideal planar wavefront generated by an aberration-free eye model. A measured ocular length is employed for the aberration-free eye model.

Abstract: Examples of methods and apparatus for an accurate measurement of the anterior surface of the eye including the corneal and scleral regions are disclosed. The measurements provide a three-dimensional map of the surface which can be used for a variety of ophthalmic and optometric applications from astigmatism and keratoconus diagnostics to scleral lens fitting.

Abstract: A method for providing a personalized optical system for a wearer wherein the optical system characterizes a spectacle ophthalmic lens comprising the following steps: a) providing a visual performance level (VPL) value of at least one eye of the wearer; b) providing a set of rules linking at least the visual performance level of step a) with at least one optical criterion chosen among one or both of the two following optical criteria groups consisting of central vision optical criterion (CVOC) group and peripheral vision optical criterion (PVOC) group; c) calculating the physical and geometrical parameters of the personalized optical system or selecting the personalized optical system in an optical systems data base comprising a plurality of optical systems, so that to meet the set of rules of step b) according to the visual performance level data provided in step a).

Abstract: An image generating system having at least two fixed projection devices that are provided with still images which are projectable onto a surface where each projection device has a light generating source controlled by an electronic or mechanical sequencing controller to selectively illuminate each projector in a predetermined sequence.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic projection device comprises a light source providing a light, a light scanning module, a light transmitting module, a light combining module including a first light combining element, a spatial light modulator module including a first spatial light modulator element, and a lens. The light scanning module includes a reflective surface and an actuating device capable of deflecting the reflective surface. The normal vector of an incident surface of the first light combining element is coplanar with the normal vector of a reflective surface of the first spatial light modulator element, and the coplanar plane is perpendicular to a disposition plane of the projection device. The light provided by the light source module is transmitted through the light scanning module, the light transmitting module, the light combining module and the spatial light modulator module sequentially and then leaves the projection device through the lens.

Abstract: A laser module is described for an image projection system, which has a duochromatic laser diode designed to generate a first beam bundle having laser light of a first wavelength and laser light of a second wavelength; a first collimating optics system designed to collimate the first beam bundle; at least one first monochromatic laser diode designed to generate a second beam bundle having laser light of a third wavelength; a second collimating optics system designed to collimate the second beam bundle; and a first optical combination device developed to combine the first and second beam bundles in order to form an output beam bundle of the laser module.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a substrate, a laminated body formed by stacking a first cladding layer, a first active layer, a second cladding layer, a third cladding layer, a second active layer, and a fourth cladding layer on the substrate in this order, a first electrode connected to the first cladding layer, a second electrode connected to the second cladding layer and the third cladding layer, and a third electrode connected to the fourth cladding layer, the first active layer generates first light using the first electrode and the second electrode, the second active layer generates second light using the second electrode and the third electrode, and a side surface of the first active layer is provided with an emitting section for emitting the first light, and a side surface of the second active layer is provided with an emitting section for emitting the second light.

Abstract: A light source module and a projection apparatus including the light source module, an optical engine module, and a projection lens are provided. The light source module includes a lamp holder, a casing, a light source, and a heat dissipation fan. The lamp holder has a cover having a first inlet and a first outlet. The casing is connected to the lamp holder and has a second inlet and at least one second outlet. The light source is fixed to the lamp holder fixed to a housing of the projection apparatus. The heat dissipation fan generates a heat dissipation airflow through an outflow side. A first part of the heat dissipation airflow enters the cover through the first inlet, and leaves the cover through the first outlet. A second part of the heat dissipation airflow enters the casing through the second inlet, and leaves the casing through the second outlet.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a light source to emit excitation light; a phosphor as a rotatable wavelength convertor; a motor to drive the phosphor; an excitation light condensing optical system to condense the excitation light emitted from the light source onto the phosphor; and a casing having a closed space to encase the light source, the phosphor, and the excitation light condensing optical system, and at least a part of the motor while a remaining part of the motor being protruded to an external space of the casing.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a projection arrangement. The projection arrangement may include a discharge lamp; and a ballast for the discharge lamp. The ballast is designed to provide, during operation of the projection arrangement, a lamp current in the form of alternating current and having an average frequency and a preset waveform, which has a preset commutation scheme, to the discharge lamp. The preset commutation scheme is preset by a preset time sequence of commutations of the lamp current. The ballast is designed to provide the lamp current in such a way that the preset commutation scheme of the lamp current is deviated from repeatedly with at least one preset intervening time period by at least one DC phase with a preset time duration.

Abstract: An object table to support an object, the object table having a support body, an object holder to hold an object, an opening adjacent an edge of the object holder, and a channel in fluid communication with the opening via a passageway, wherein the channel is defined by a first material which is different to a second material defining the passageway.

Abstract: A foreign substance detection method includes: judging the presence/absence of a foreign substance by measuring a surface condition of a substrate; measuring a surface condition of a second substrate different from the substrate upon replacing the substrate on the chuck with the second substrate, when it is judged in the judging that a foreign substance exists; and determining whether an adhering location of the foreign substance determined to exist in the judging is the substrate, based on a measurement result obtained in the measurement.

Abstract: In a method for generating, with a computer, a pattern of a mask, a pattern on an object plane of a projection optical system is set, shifted plural pupil functions are generated, a matrix containing the generated plural pupil functions is defined, an image of the pattern on the object plane is calculated by generating a vector obtained by transposing and complex-conjugating a vector containing, as components, values of the pupil functions at origin coordinates on a pupil plane from among components of the matrix, and performing convolution integral between the pattern on the object plane and a Fourier transform of a product of the vector and the matrix, an assist pattern for the pattern on the object plane is generated using the calculated image, and a pattern of the mask including the pattern on the object plane and the assist pattern is generated.

Abstract: A field manipulator to provide high resolution control of position in the XY plane and/or focus control. The field manipulator includes a plate located between the patterning device and the substrate. Control of the XY position is provided by tilting of the plate, while control of the focus position may be provided by localized deformation of the plate. Both adjustments may be performed by one or more actuators that act upon one or more edges of the plate. In an embodiment, two substantially parallel plates are provided and focus control can be provided by changing the spacing between them. A liquid may be provided between the plates which may be temperature controlled to adjust the focus by changing the refractive index of the liquid.

Abstract: A laser device includes: a laser light output unit that outputs a fundamental wave laser light; a wavelength conversion unit that performs wavelength conversion of the fundamental wave laser light and outputs a converted laser light; an output detector that detects a power of the converted laser light; a power feedback circuit that controls the power of the fundamental wave laser light such that the power of the converted laser light is in constant; a phase matching adjustment configuration that adjusts a quantity of state at the wavelength conversion optical element; and a phase matching control circuit that controls an operation the phase matching adjustment configuration, wherein in a state that the power of the converted laser light is controlled in constant, the phase matching control circuit adjust the quantity of state in a predetermined range such that the power of the fundamental wave laser light is minimized.

Abstract: A reticle protection device capable of keeping a reticle therein is provided with an inner pod capable of keeping the reticle therein; an outer pod capable of keeping the inner pod therein; an electroconductive movable contact portion provided on at least one of the inner pod and the outer pod and being capable of coming into contact with an electroconductive film of the reticle; and a leaf spring for achieving electric conduction of the contact portion to at least one of the inner pod and the outer pod. The reticle is kept in the inner pod and the inner pod is kept in the outer pod, thereby enabling stable grounding of the reticle.

Abstract: A photolithography system includes a photo-mask storage, at least one photolithography machine and an overhead crane for transporting at least one photo-mask at least between the photo-mask storage and the photolithography machine. The overhead crane includes at least one main rail, a mask girder, a mask hoist and a mask holding device. The mask girder is coupled with the main rail and movable at least between a first position above the photo-mask storage and a second position above the photolithography machine. The mask hoist is movably coupled with the mask girder. The mask holding device is coupled with the mask hoist.

Abstract: A semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus includes a mask stage including a mask holder system that fixes a photomask, the mask holder system having a first fixing portion mounted at a first position of the mask holder system to fix the photomask, and a second fixing portion at a second position of the mask holder system and spaced apart from the first position, the second fixing portion fixing a pellicle assembly to be spaced apart from the photomask on the first fixing portion.

Abstract: Imprint lithography template chucks and related systems and methods are provided that substantially maintain structural support functions while significantly enhancing imprint quality functions. The chucks incorporate dynamic vacuum seals to substantially reduce template contact during alignment and distortion correction while still providing good structural support upon separation.