Abstract: A control valve have a main flow passage; a flow passage sectional area adjustment spool; a downstream side branch flow passage; a communicating flow passage; a flow passage opening/closing valve; a flow passage opening/closing spool; and an upstream side branch flow passage. The flow passage opening/closing valve cuts off the downstream side branch flow passage from the communicating flow passage in a low rotation region of an engine. In a medium rotation region, the flow passage opening/closing valve connects the downstream side branch flow passage to the communicating flow passage and the flow passage opening/closing spool allows the communicating flow passage to communicate. In a high rotation region, the flow passage opening/closing spool blocks the communicating flow passage.

Abstract: The invention is a divider block assembly suitable for use at high fluid pressures. Applicant has found that a sufficiently deep counterbored hole allows a mounting bolt to apply the sealing pressure well below the divider block surface, which can reduce or eliminate the compressive force on the metal around the piston bore, thereby reducing or eliminating distortion of the piston bore of the divider block and providing.

Abstract: A cryostat has a cryogen vessel retained within an outer vacuum container, the cryogen vessel being provided with a vent path allowing cryogen gas to escape from the cryogen vessel, the cryostat further having a thermal radiation shield interposed between the cryogen vessel and the outer vacuum container. The vent path is arranged such that escaping cryogen gas is directed through a conduit, which forms an integral part of a thermal radiation shield.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved analytical method that can be utilized by hydrogen filling stations for directly and accurately calculating the end-of-fill temperature in a hydrogen tank that, in turn, allows for improvements in the fill quantity while tending to reduce refueling time. The calculations involve calculation of a composite heat capacity value, MC, from a set of thermodynamic parameters drawn from both the tank system receiving the gas and the station supplying the gas. These thermodynamic parameters are utilized in a series of simple analytical equations to define a multi-step process by which target fill times, final temperatures and final pressures can be determined. The parameters can be communicated to the station directly from the vehicle or retrieved from a database accessible by the station. Because the method is based on direct measurements of actual thermodynamic conditions and quantified thermodynamic behavior, significantly improved tank filling results can be achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coupling system for a gas container, in particular a gas cylinder (9), comprising a base (1) which is designed to be fixed on a support (10), wherein the base (1) comprises a first arm (3a) and a second arm (3b), at least one of which is mobile in pivoting relative to the other, and an activation unit (4) which co-operates with at least one of said first and second arms (3a, 3b), such as to pivot at least one of said first and second arms (3a, 3b) to bring them towards one another, when said activation unit (4) is activated. The invention also relates to a support/cylinder assembly comprising a coupling system of this type, and a gas cylinder (9) retained by the arms (3a, 3b) of said coupling system.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques to reduce the effects of Paschen events from occurring within a gas transport system. A passive isolation assembly may be used to bridge a gas being transported from a low potential environment to a high potential environment. The passive isolation assembly may include a non-conductive axially bored transport insulator. An irregularly shaped non-conductive isolation tracking insulator may be in direct contact with and surrounding the transport insulator. The passive isolation assembly may also include an electrically conductive front end sealing cap at earth ground potential that has an opening that is adapted to couple with a source gas transport line and an electrically conductive rear end sealing cap at a high voltage potential that has an opening adapted to couple with a destination gas transport line.

Abstract: Apparatus for purging containers for the storage of sensitive materials is described. It includes means to connect a source of compressed purge gas to a purge gas inlet (2) on a container (1), including a pneumatically operated valve (6) adapted to allow purge gas to pass from the source to the inlet and a timing device (9) associated with the valve (6) and adapted to turn off the gas flow after a given time, and including means to vary the time between commencement and cessation of gas flow. The timing device is preferably one which operates on a pneumatic or clockwork basis, enabling the apparatus to operate without any electrical power supply, driven by the purge gas pressure alone. This enables the construction of a simple reliable unit, at a cost even enabling the unit to be incorporated into the container itself if desired. The use of a pneumatically operated valve enables portable apparatus to be designed with low power use if it includes e.g.

Abstract: A leak-detecting shut-off device has a holding mount, a valve seat and an operating set. The holding mount has a connecting segment, a mounting segment, an expansion element and a pushing rod. The expansion element is mounted in the mounting segment. The pushing rod is mounted in the mounting segment, is mounted around the expansion element, and has a mounting cover and multiple pushing panels. The valve seat is connected to the holding mount and has a body, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The body is mounted in the connecting segment and has two connecting boards. The operating set is connected to the valve seat and has a valve shaft, a spring and an operating tab. The valve shaft is movably mounted in the body. The operating tab is connected to the connecting boards, is selectively moved above the pushing rod and abuts against the valve shaft.

Abstract: A solid state light source module having a compact, thermally enhanced substrate with one or more recessed pockets, is provided. The module includes a solid state light source and an electrical connection for the solid state light source, such that it is able to receive power so as to generate light. The solid state light source is connected to a substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface. The substrate includes a recessed pocket in the upper surface, defined by a wall and a floor that are at least large enough to accommodate the solid state light source; thus, the solid state light source sits within the recessed pocket. This allows the module to be substantially flat, even with an attached optical system, even utilizing remote phosphor technology, and increases the amount of heat dissipated by a thermal management system that is part of, or connected to, the module.

Abstract: An LED bulb includes a shell, one or more LEDs, a thermally conductive liquid, and a liquid-volume compensator mechanism. The one or more LEDs are disposed within the shell. The thermally conductive liquid is held within the shell. The liquid-volume compensator mechanism is configured to compensate for expansion of the thermally conductive liquid.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode includes an electrical connecting base, a lamp holder, a power driving module, an adapter plate and a lamp plate. One end of the lamp holder is connected to the electrical connecting base and the other end of the lamp holder is configured to be a supporting surface. The electrical connecting base and the lamp holder form an accommodation space which accommodates the power driving module. The adapter plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The first surface is contacted with the supporting surface and the second surface includes a first connector which has a plugging direction parallel to the second surface. The lamp plate has a second connector which is detachably plugged to the first connector, so as to be disposed on the adapter plate.

Abstract: A bulb-type LED lighting apparatus, including: a base unit; a heat dissipating space retaining unit; a cooling block connected to the heat dissipating space retaining unit and having heat pipe fitting holes and heat dissipating fins; first and second LED circuit boards having LED modules; a heat dissipating frame including heat exchanging plates, clip parts formed on cooling fins of the heat exchanging plates so as to hold heat pipes, cover locking slits for locking protective covers, and a circuit board seat for seating the first LED circuit board; a connection plate unit including pipe fitting slots, cover locking slits for fitting the protective covers, and shoulders for supporting the protective covers; and convective circulation passages defined between the heat exchanging plates so as to allow air to circulate between the heat exchanging plates and realize circulation of air between the inside and outside of the heat dissipating frame therethrough.

Abstract: A light emitting diode module is removably coupled to a heat sink with screws and includes slots configured to receive at least a portion of the screw therethrough, the width of the slot being greater than the thread-width of the screw but less than the width of the screw head. Some slots also include a keyhole having a diameter greater than the width of the screw head. For embodiments without keyholes, the module is coupled to a heat sink by loosening the screws, sliding them into the slots, and tightening the screws to hold the LED module in place. For embodiments with one or more keyholes, the keyhole is vertically aligned with the screw, the module is moved down over the screw, and the screw is moved into the narrower portion of the slot. Then, the screws are tightened to hold the module in place against the heat sink.

Abstract: Systems and methods for lighting body panels of automobiles to facilitate repair of the body panels, where one embodiment is a portable lighting apparatus that includes a light board, a base and an extension member that connects the light board to the base. The light board is supported by the extension member, which is supported by the base. A battery in the base provides power through conductors in the extension member to light sources in the light board. The extension member has a conduit that holds the conductors therein and can rotate, thereby allowing the light board to rotate with respect to the base. A suction cup mount on the base enables the base to be secured to an automobile body panel, and the extension member allows the light board to be positioned as desired.

Abstract: A flashlight includes a housing that extends from a first end to a second end, a light source provided at the first end of the housing, a rechargeable power supply electrically coupled to the light source, a generator electrically coupled to the rechargeable power supply, and a hand crank coupled to the generator, the hand crank including a base and an arm, the hand crank movable between a storage position and a cranking position. The base is rotatably coupled to the second end of the housing. The arm is translatable relative to the housing between a retracted position and an extended position such that when the arm is in the extended position, the arm is pivotable relative to the base between a translation position in which the arm is substantially parallel to the housing axis and a fixed position in which the arm is substantially perpendicular to the housing axis.

Abstract: A modular lighting system may include a support structure, a plurality of heat sink modules physically supported by the support structure, and one or more light source modules coupled to the plurality of heat sink modules. The plurality of heat sink modules may be arranged in a modular manner such that the heat sink modules in the modular lighting system is variable, and each heat sink module may be an integral molded structure defining at least one opening or passageway.

Abstract: An optical system and method provides at least one, and preferably an array of relatively small, high brightness light sources with a surrounding surface that exhibits brightness, thereby reducing the contrast between the high brightness produced by the light sources and the brightness of their surrounding surfaces. The optical system includes a light waveguide structure that captures a portion of the light from the individual high-brightness light sources, and then re-emits the source light to create brightness in the light sources' surrounding surfaces. The optical system is particularly adapted for use with LEDs, but could be used with other high brightness light sources.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vehicle-tire chock having a light-emitting portion that emits light to make the vehicle-tire chock visible outside the vehicle. The light-emitting portion is formed in the vehicle-tire chock so as to make the chock conspicuous, thus preventing negligent accidents in advance by enabling a vehicle driver to recognize the presence of the chock before getting into the vehicle, by enabling other vehicles or pedestrians to easily recognize a large parked or stopped vehicle, and by enabling the vehicle-tire chock to be easily visible at night.

Abstract: A lighting device for vehicles with a minimum of two light modules, each comprising a number of LED light sources for the generation of a first light function and a second light function. One light module is a basic light module and the other light module is a long-range light module. A first light source and a second light source are arranged in the basic light module, so that when the first LED light source is energized, a first partial light beam for the creation of a first light function is radiated. When both the second LED light source and the first LED light source are energized, a second partial light beam for the creation of a second light function is radiated. A first LED light source and a second LED light source may also be arranged in the long-range light module, so that when the first LED light source is energized, a first partial light beam for the creation of the first light function is radiated.

Abstract: A lamp unit for a vehicle lamp can include: a lens having an aspherical shape, including a first lens portion, and a second lens portion disposed adjacent to the first lens portion and forming a concave portion on at least a part of a rear side surface thereof; a first reflective surface disposed rearward of the first lens portion; a second reflective surface disposed rearward of the second lens portion; a first light source configured to emit light to be reflected by the first reflective surface, pass through the first lens portion and be emitted forward; and a second light source configured to emit light to be reflected by the second reflective surface, pass through the second lens portion and be emitted forward. A shape of a rear side surface of the second lens portion can be configured to diffuse the light from the second light source vertically and horizontally.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp includes: a movable reflector that has a reflecting surface and changes a direction of reflected light from the reflecting surface, according to an operating position thereof; a first light-emitting unit that emits light toward the reflecting surface; a second light-emitting unit that emits light toward the reflecting surface, from a position different from that of the first light-emitting unit; and a light control member that collects and projects the reflected light.

Abstract: An LED lamp comprises: a lamp base having live and neutral contacts for supplying electrical power to the LED lamp; a substantially hollow lamp holder; a PCB assembly comprising: first and second connection pins; a table portion attached to the top of each of the first and second connection pins; and at least one connecting structure formed at a top surface of the table portion and electrically coupled to the first and second connection pins; an LED PCB comprising at least one LED affixed to a PCB and an LED PCB connector having connector pins electrically coupled to the at least one LED and to the at least one connecting structure of the table portion; and a heat sink being configured to thermally couple to the at least one LED, and a globe having a bottom portion which is thermally coupled to an outer surface of the heat sink.

Abstract: An illumination system including one or more light sources each including a solid-state light-emitting device; and an optical member configured to allow light incident from the solid-state light-emitting device to pass therethrough and exit therefrom, and at least one of the chips in the one or more light sources is configured of a laser diode. The optical member includes an integrator including a first fly-eye lens on which light from the solid-state light-emitting device is incident and a second fly-eye lens on which light from the first fly-eye lens is incident, and uniformizing a luminance distribution of light in a predetermined illumination region illuminated with light incident from the solid-state light-emitting device. A major-axis direction of a luminance distribution shape of light incident on an incident plane of the first fly-eye lens is different from arrangement directions of the cells in the first fly-eye lens.

Abstract: A lighting assembly includes a number of LEDs and an optical element proximate each one of the LEDs. The optical elements are configured to direct light from that LED toward an area, such that the light intensity from each optical element is substantially uniform across all of the area. Each optical element includes a first element, a second element, and a third element that extends beyond the first and the second elements.

Abstract: A lens for a linear light source may include a top and a bottom, the bottom including an incident surface, and a first supporting surface and a second supporting surface respectively at each side of the incident surface, and the top including an emergent surface, wherein the top further comprises a total internally reflective surface, and wherein in a cross section, the emergent surface is joined with the first supporting surface, the total internally reflective surface is joined with the second supporting surface, one part of light from the linear light source incidents into the incident surface and emerges after refracted by the emergent surface, and the other part of light incidents into the incident surface and reflected by the total internally reflective surface and then emerges after refracted by the emergent surface.

Abstract: A special effects (FX) system for generating a penumbra or glow effect about an object. Briefly, the FX system includes at least one sheet of retroreflective material and a penumbra activator. The penumbra activator is designed to selectively direct light toward a reflective surface of the retroreflective material. For example, the penumbra activator may include an elongated core element extending from a hilt. The body of the core element may include strings or sets of direction light sources, which may be spaced apart along the length of external surfaces of the core element body. A controller is used to operate the light sources such as by sequentially illuminating the lights sources from an end near the base/hilt to an end near a tip/distal end of the core element body, with earlier lit sources remaining on in some cases to cause a light sword blade to grow out of the hilt.

Abstract: Luminance adjustment films that include at least one microcapsule containing at least one photoisomerizable compound which selectively decreases luminance of visible light in reaction to ultraviolet light having an intensity distribution which reflects a luminance distribution of the visible light are described.

Abstract: A method of assembling a modular LED recessed fixture has the steps of: building LED module, building LED driver device, assembling LED modules to main frame, and assembling LED driver device to main frame. Since LED module elements and LED driver device of the said fixture are replaceable, the fixture could be easily maintained or upgraded by changing the corresponding elements.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) lighting fixture is provided as a potential solid state lighting (SSL) replacement fixture for a conventional HID lamp fixture. The LED lighting fixture includes a main housing having a bottom surface supporting an array of LEDs, a top surface and sides, and at least one driver provided in a side housing attached to a side of the main housing to drive the LED array. The thickness of the side housing is equal to or greater than the thickness of the main housing. A plurality of heat spreading fins is arranged on the top surface of the main housing.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus is disclosed. The lighting apparatus comprises a circuit configured to be disposed in a panel defining a cavity forming an opening. The circuit comprises a light source in communication with a controller and configured to emit a first emission. A photoluminescent portion is disposed proximate the light source and is configured to convert at least a portion of the first emission to a second emission. The second emission is output from the cavity to provide ambient light.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a lighting apparatus includes a board, a base, a globe, a housing, and a cap part. The board is provided with a light emitting element to emit light. The board is thermally connected to the base. The globe is provided on the base to cover the light emitting element. The globe includes a maximum diameter part in which an external diameter of the globe is maximum. The housing is thermally connected to the base. The housing includes a cylindrical radiator through which air flows. The cap part is attached to the housing. One end part of the radiator is located between the cap part and the maximum diameter part.

Abstract: A lighting fixture including a light-emitting arrangement having first and second ends. The light-emitting arrangement includes (a) at least one LED at the first end and (b) a heat sink connected to the at least one LED and having a length extending therefrom toward the second end. There are LED power circuitry components spaced from the light-emitting arrangement and positioned adjacent the second end of the light-emitting arrangement. The fixture includes an elongate tubular channel formed along the length of the heat sink and having wiring therein from the power-circuitry components to the LED(s).

Abstract: An LED light fixture including a housing, a heat sink secured with respect to the housing and an LED illuminator secured with respect to the heat sink. The heat sink includes central and peripheral portions. The central portion has an LED-supporting surface and forward, rearward and lateral sides, the LED illuminator being at the LED-supporting surface. The peripheral portion extends laterally from the lateral sides. The central portion of the heat sink has downwardly-extending shield members at the lateral sides thereof configured and dimensioned to block illumination in a direction opposite the LED illuminator. In embodiments where the optical member is configured for directing emitter light predominantly toward the forward side, the central heat-sink portion has a downwardly-extending shield member at the rearward side thereof configured and dimensioned to block rearward illumination.

Abstract: A moisture-proof spotlight includes a lamp housing, a support pivotally supporting the lamp housing from below and a lamp assembly pivotally installed inside the lamp housing, wherein the lamp housing contains therein a moisture-proof partition set provided for a vertical driving device and a horizontal driving device to affix thereto and also together installed inside the lamp housing for moisture-proof, thereby the defect of a conventional spotlight due to its horizontal driving device installed in the support tended to be affected by moisture is capably eliminated.

Abstract: Bathmats can include lights, a power source, and a computer configured to control the illumination of the lights. Several bathmat embodiments include water-resistant enclosures. Some bathmat embodiments include communication devices capable of wirelessly communicating with a computing device located remotely relative to the bathmat.

Abstract: A computer display includes a row of lamps such as LEDs arranged along the bottom edge of the display to project light forwardly and downwardly from the display to the typical location at which a keyboard is positioned to provide balanced, non-glaring illumination of the keyboard.

Abstract: An economizer arrangement particularly suitable for new or retrofit application to existing steam generators provides a water cooled stringer support tube system which can accommodate firing a wide range of fuels with varying characteristics in the steam generator. The economizer arrangement according to the present invention is particularly suited for retrofit applications to large supercritical steam generators. The use of water cooled stringer tube supports allows for higher flue gas temperatures in comparison to conventional non-cooled mechanical economizer supports. These features are provided in a design which fits within the existing economizer envelope of the steam generator.

Abstract: A method of assembling multiple low NOx burners (100), a low NOx burners (100) and a tankless gas-fired water heater (500) are disclosed. The method includes the step of assembling multiple bodies (152), each body (152) includes multiple first burner ports (135) connected to a first burner inlet (125) and multiple second burner ports (150) connected to a second burner inlet (140). The method also includes the step of selecting one of the bodies (152) and inserting a first inlet tube (120, 220, 320, 420) into the second burner inlet (140) to provide a fuel/air mixture to the second burner ports (150) at a first rate. The method also includes the step of selecting one of the bodies (152) and inserting a second inlet tube (120, 220, 320, 420) into the second burner inlet (140) to provide the fuel/air mixture to the second burner ports (150) at a second rate different from the first rate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a production method for a burner fabric membrane (1) consisting of special steel fabric layers for burning fuel/air mixtures. Additional passages (4) in the fabric (8) are produced by the displacement of the fabric and the mouths of the passages protrude from the membrane surface (3).

Abstract: A fuel injection duct for a combustion apparatus is provided. The fuel injection duct includes an inlet opening, an outlet opening, and an inner surface, wherein the inner surface exhibits a surface structure imparting a swirl to fuel moving from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, the fuel interacting with the surface structure of the inner surface. The manufacture of the fuel injection duct is easy and cost-effective and imparts a swirl to fuel flowing through the fuel injection duct.

Abstract: An HVAC burner box includes a burner bank, a manifold and an air director located within an enclosure. The burner bank is oriented such that an outlet end of the burner bank is directed toward a first end of the enclosure. The manifold is located within the enclosure and adjacent an inlet end of the burner bank. The air director has a diffuser that is coupled to a side of the enclosure. The diffuser includes a plurality of openings located therethrough. The diffuser is configured to direct a first portion of a received airstream through the opening and toward the burner bank. The diffuser is further configured to send a second portion of the received airstream toward the manifold.

Abstract: An electronic control unit for controlling an electronic controlled multistage gas valve (MGV) for adjusting gas flow to a gas fired appliance. In an exemplary embodiment, an electronic control unit generally includes an integrated furnace control (IFC) unit, a multistage gas valve control (MGVC) unit electronically coupled to the IFC unit, and a coil electronically coupled to the MGVC unit. The IFC unit is operable for providing at least one power supply signal over a first communication line and at least one pulse width modulated (PWM) duty cycle signal over a second communication line to the MGVC unit for controlling at least one of energizing and de-energizing of the coil. The electronic controlled MGV is adapted to move in response to a magnetic field generated by the coil.

Abstract: A fuel injection assembly for use in a turbine engine is provided. The fuel injection assembly includes an end cover, an endcap assembly, a fluid supply chamber, and a plurality of tube assemblies positioned at the endcap assembly. Each of the tube assemblies includes housing having a fuel plenum and a cooling fluid plenum. The cooling fluid plenum is positioned downstream from the fuel plenum and separated from the fuel plenum by an intermediate wall. The plurality of tube assemblies also include a plurality of tubes that extends through the housing. Each of the plurality of tubes is coupled in flow communication with the fluid supply chamber and a combustion chamber positioned downstream from the tube assembly. The plurality of tube assemblies further includes an aft plate at a downstream end of the cooling fluid plenum. The plate includes at least one aperture.

Abstract: A combustor having a combustion chamber is provided with an external flow sleeve and a combustor liner surrounding the combustion chamber. A plurality of flow channels are provided on the combustor liner and a plurality of nozzles are disposed at predetermined locations on the flow channels. The locations of the nozzles are selected to provide different mixing times for fuel injected through the nozzles.

Abstract: A filter unit for an extractor hood includes at least one filter element, and at least one protection plate which is arranged in a flow direction upstream of the filter element. The protection plate is made of at least two layers and can have a thickness in a range of 0.5 mm to 10 mm.

Abstract: A multi-chamber air conditioner including a heat-source side refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, a first heat exchanger, a refrigerant flow-rate controller, and a second heat exchanger are connected in series, a first use-side refrigerant circuit in which the first heat exchanger and an indoor heat exchanger are connected in series, and a second use-side refrigerant circuit in which the second heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger are connected in series, and a heat-source side refrigerant circulating in the heat-source side refrigerant circuit and a use-side refrigerant circulating in the use-side refrigerant circuit are heat-exchanged in the first heat exchanger. The heat-source side refrigerant circulating in the heat-source side refrigerant circuit and the use-side refrigerant circulating in the use-side refrigerant circuit are heat-exchanged in the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are configured for providing thermal comfort (i.e., climatic conditioning) within an interior space of a building structure in multiple climate zones including hot and humid climates using very low energy consumption. Multiple water vapor phase change cycles are provided within a period of time where only a single such water vapor phase change cycle would typically take place under naturally occurring ambient conditions. These multiple water vapor phase change cycles are generated through artificially creating conditions within a hygroscopic heat sink mass for promoting water vapor phase change cycle. Advantageously, in combination with such artificially promoted water vapor phase change cycles, embodiments of the present invention provide hygroscopic properties and heat sink masses made from materials that can adsorb and retain thermal energy and that exhibit water vapor sorption/desorption attributes commonly associated with compositions referred to as desiccants.

Abstract: A flow heater comprises a heating element (48; 248) and a first heating region (18, 20; 218, 220) heated by the heating element (48; 248) for heating liquid flowing therethrough to a first temperature below boiling. The flow heater also comprises a second heating region (22; 222) for heating the liquid to a second temperature below boiling. The second region (22; 222) has means (25; 225) for permitting the exit of steam therefrom separately from heated liquid. The flow heater cannot be operated so that bulk boiling of said liquid takes place in the second region (22; 222).

Abstract: An Epicatalytic Thermal Diode (ETD) includes one or more ETD cells. Each cell comprises first and second surfaces with a cavity between them, which contains a gas that is epicatalytically active with respect to the pair of surfaces. The surfaces chemically interact with the gas such that the gas dissociates at a faster rate proximate to the first surface than it does proximate to the second surface. Thus, a steady-state temperature differential between the first surface and the second surface is created and maintained. In various applications, multiple ETD cells are connected in series and/or parallel.

Abstract: A simple and portable solar heat collector comprises a sheet of lenses, the sheet of lenses receiving light on a first side and focusing the light at focal points on a second side; and tubing on the second side. The tubing comprises an input tube for receiving heat absorbing fluid, internal tubing for routing heat absorbing fluid through at least some of the focal points of the sheet of lenses, and an output tube for outputting heated heat absorbing fluid.