Abstract: A system and a method for optimizing and protecting solar panels, the system comprising a driving unit, a solar panel connected to the driving unit, a micro-controller controlling movements of the driving unit, a sun tracking unit sending data about the position of the sun to the micro-controller; and a shelter receiving the solar panel when the solar under control of the microcontroller. The method comprises connecting a solar panel to a driving unit connected to a microcontroller; connecting the microcontroller to a sun tracking unit sending data about the position of the sun to the microcontroller; providing a shelter; and monitoring, by the microcontroller, the driving unit into orienting the solar panel in relation to the position of the sun by rotation about at least one axis and into moving the solar panel from a deployed operating position to a sheltered non operating position into the shelter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a support module for a solar collector having a triangular substructure, formed by: a main structure intended to resist the torsional and bending forces of the collector, and an auxiliary structure that balances the assembly and supports the weight of the mirrors and the absorber tube. The main structure includes: a triangular substructure comprising rectangular pyramids and two half-pyramids at the ends, bars (5) joining the upper vertex of each pyramid (1) to the upper vertex (1) of the adjacent pyramid or to the upper vertex (1?) of the adjacent half-pyramid (1?), a diagonal bar (4) joining two opposite vertices of the base of each pyramid, and two king posts (6) located on each end of the triangular substructure. The auxiliary structure includes: arms (7, 7?), struts (8, 8?, 8?) for each arm (7, 7?), purlins (9) and supports (11) for the absorber tube (12).

Abstract: The present invention relates particularly to photovoltaic systems for use in photovoltaically generating electrical energy. One aspect of the invention is a photovoltaic roofing system disposed on a roof deck, including a plurality of photovoltaic elements contiguously disposed on the roof deck arranged in at least two horizontal rows, defining a photovoltaic area; a plurality of roofing elements disposed adjacent the contiguously-disposed photovoltaic elements, along their side edges; side flashing disposed along the side edges of the contiguously-disposed photovoltaic elements, the side flashing having a flange facing away from the photovoltaic area at least partially disposed between a roofing element and the roof deck, and a structure at least partially disposed on the surface of the photovoltaic element or at least partially disposed between a photovoltaic element and the roof deck.

Abstract: A roof mounting system for mounting one or more roof-mounted fixtures to a roof includes a roofing system having a top surface and a roof attachment assembly that includes a first plate having a first plate aperture, a second plate connected to the first plate, a third plate including a third plate aperture, the third plate connected to the second plate, a nut, and a first fastener including a first head positioned between the second plate and the third plate and a first shaft extending through the third plate aperture and the nut. A second fastener has a head positioned between the first and second plates and a shaft extending through the first plate aperture and through the roofing system top surface. The force required to separate the first plate and the second plate is greater than the force required to separate the second plate and the third plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and device for a thermal energy storage liquid-suction heat exchanger (TES-LSHX) for air conditioning and refrigeration (AC/R) applications. The disclosed embodiments allow energy to be stored and aggregated over one period of time, and dispatched at a later period of time, to improve AC/R system efficiency during desired conditions. Not only are the benefits of LSHX stored and aggregated for later use, but when dispatched, the discharge rate can exceed the charge rate thereby further enhancing the benefit of demand reduction to utilities. The disclosed embodiments allow great flexibility and can be incorporated into OEM AC/R system designs, and/or bundled with condensing units or evaporator coils. These TES-LSHX systems can be retrofit with existing systems by installing the product at any point along the existing AC/R system's line set.

Abstract: A heating and cooling system includes a swimming pool, a pump connected to the swimming pool, a pool cooler connected to the pump so as to cool water passing from the pump, a water source heat pump cooperative with the pump so as to receive water as passed by the outlet pipe of the pump, a valve mechanism connected to the outlet of the pump so as to control the flow of water toward the pool cooler and the water source heat pump, and a pressure control valve cooperative between the valve mechanism in the inlet line of the pool cooler so as to limit a pressure of the water flowing from the valve mechanism toward the inlet line of the pool cooler. A pressure control is connected to the outlet line of the pool cooler so as to reduce a pressure of the water flowing from the outlet line to the pump.

Abstract: A condenser includes a shell having a vapor refrigerant inlet, a first tube bundle and a liquid refrigerant outlet. A second tube bundle is positioned in a subcooler component. The subcooler component has a center channel and at least two outer channels and conforms to the shell.

Abstract: An adsorption-type heat pump includes an adsorber having an adsorbent and capable of switching between an adsorption process of causing an adsorbent to adsorb a refrigerant and a desorption process of desorbing a refrigerant from an adsorbent, a condenser, an evaporator, a first flow hole which causes a refrigerant to flow from the adsorber to the condenser, a second flow hole which causes a refrigerant to flow from the evaporator to the adsorber, and a seat valve body arranged on at least one of the first flow hole and the second flow hole, having a seat material and an opening and closing assisting plate material joined to an end part of the seat material and formed by a temperature-dependent material which deforms in accordance with temperature, and opening and closing at least one of the first flow hole and the second flow hole.

Abstract: A cooling device and to a method for controlling a cooling device for vehicles is provided, the cooling device including a refrigerant compressor, a condenser downstream of the refrigerant compressor in the flow direction of the refrigerant, a first evaporator downstream of the condenser for cooling air to be supplied to the passenger compartment, a second evaporator arranged parallel to the first evaporator for cooling an electric accumulator, and a control unit which is configured to control the refrigerant compressor as a function of the cooling demands for the passenger compartment and/or the electric accumulator on the basis of the higher cooling demand requirement. The cooling device may further include electric valves between the condenser and the first and second evaporators to control a cooling capacity of the first and/or second evaporator to meet the cooling demands of the passenger compartment and/or the electric accumulator.

Abstract: A portable, insulated ice dispenser stores ice in a closed container and dispenses it into a glass or cup without contact with the hands or utensils that could cause contamination. The ice dispenser can be manually operated to dispense ice. An ice storage compartment can include holes to drain water from the ice, slowing the melting of the ice and preventing the water from being dispensed. The ice dispenser is sanitary and simple in its design, making it low maintenance, inexpensive, and very appealing for home use as well as commercially. Since it is portable, the ice dispenser can be transported to anywhere its user would like to dispense ice and can be used outdoors at events, for example.

Abstract: An apparatus and refrigerator for creating ice pellets is disclosed. The apparatus and refrigerator include a compartment, an ice storage bin positioned in the compartment and configured to store whole ice cubes therein, and a pellet ice dispenser. The pellet ice dispenser includes a first motor, a first axle drivingly connected to a shaft of the first motor, a first ice cube auger drivingly connected to the first axle, a blade downstream of the first ice cube auger and configured to shave whole ice cubes into ice pieces, and an ice pelleter. The ice pelleter includes an extrusion die disposed downstream of the blade, a shaved ice auger disposed between the blade and the extrusion die and configured to move and compress the ice pieces through the extrusion die to form pellet ice.

Abstract: A structure of an ice making compartment of a refrigerator capable of enlarging the volume of a storage compartment by reducing a width of an ice making compartment, and capable of easily discharging the whole ice separately from pieces of ice, the refrigerator including an opening/closing member configured to open and close a portion of a discharge hole and having a cover portion to prevent the whole ice from being discharged in a state that the portion of the discharge hole is closed, the refrigerator including an opening/closing member integrally formed with a fixed blade configured to crush ice in cooperation with a rotary blade.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a carrier that is designed to hold a plurality of beverages, such as but not limited to cans or bottles. In some embodiments, the carrier is designed to also serve as a cooler. For example, the cans or bottles may be loaded into the carrier when the top is opened. Due to the shape and/or configuration of the carrier, the carrier has ample room for not only the beverages, but also ice when in the opened position. As such, the carrier is configured to be a one-time or multi-use cooler.

Abstract: A refrigerator may include a refrigerator cabinet in at least one enclosure that can be mounted in different locations within the cabinet. The enclosure also can have targeted, independently controlled temperature provided to it. This allows the refrigerator to be highly customizable and reconfigurable according to desire or need. For example, an ice maker ice bin can be mounted in different positions within the cabinet, including door mount, refrigerated food compartment mount or freezer mount. Alternatively, specialized enclosures for such things as can chilling, milk chilling, meat chilling, or even thawing can be placed in multiple locations in the cabinet according to need or desire.

Abstract: A refrigerator may include a drain hose assembly. The refrigerator includes an upper hose, a lower hose connected to the upper hose while being arranged in a machinery chamber, the lower hose being provided with an air inlet hole to introduce outside air, and an opening and closing unit provided at the lower hose to be upwardly pivoted by negative pressure in a storage chamber and to be downwardly pivoted by gravity, in order to open and close the air inlet hole, respectively. As a result, it may be possible to achieve an enhancement in energy efficiency and to reduce the force required to open door according to an improvement of sealing-tightness.

Abstract: A casing of an outdoor unit includes support pillars, each of the support pillars having standing wall portions arranged along the up and down direction, and a top plate mounted on upper ends of the support pillars. Substantially horizontal abutment portions extending upward from at least a part of the standing wall portions and being brought into surface contact with a lower surface of the top plate in a state where the top plate is floated up from upper ends of the standing wall portions are provided in the upper end of each of the support pillars.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided. The refrigerator includes a cabinet having a first storage chamber, a plurality of doors which open and close an access opening formed at a front surface of the first storage chamber, a hinge assembly which rotatably couples each door to the cabinet, and a basket assembly rotatably coupled to the cabinet with respect to the hinge assembly, the basket assembly being configured to define a second storage chamber which is received in the first storage chamber. The basket assembly includes a basket frame defining the second storage chamber and a basket mounted on the basket frame to receive food stuff when at least one of the doors is opened. The basket assembly is configured such that an access into the basket is enabled through a front face and rear face of the basket assembly.

Abstract: This specification relates to a vegetable storage container for a refrigerator, and more particularly, a sealing structure of a vegetable storage container for a refrigerator capable of sealing an inside of an accommodation space of a vegetable box simply by using a lever after closing the accommodation space with a cover. This specification provides a refrigerator with a vegetable storage container, which includes a vegetable box having a front part and a main body both forming an accommodation space therein as a storage space for vegetables, the vegetable box being installed to be drawn out of the refrigerator, a vegetable box cover horizontally installed on the accommodation space to selectively cover an upper opening of the vegetable box, and a pressing unit to seal the accommodation space after the accommodation space of the vegetable box is closed by the vegetable box cover.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for storage in a refrigerated appliance. One aspect includes glides or slides underneath and within the bottom perimeter dimensions of any bin or bin carrier relative to its supporting structure in the refrigerated appliance. This allows adjacent bins to more efficiently utilize lateral storage space in the refrigerator. It also promotes hiding of the glide or slides from view.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating air in which an argon refining column of a distillation column system is reboiled with a liquid air stream. The argon refining column further refines crude argon produced by a crude argon column connected to a lower pressure column of the distillation column system. At least one intermediate reflux stream is formed, at least indirectly, from at least part of the liquid air stream, and is introduced into the lower pressure column at a level thereof above where a crude liquid oxygen column bottoms of a higher pressure column of such system is further refined to increase a liquid to vapor ratio below said level and therefore, argon recovery from the argon refining column.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for storing a raw material inside a mold or a crucible, comprising the steps of: closing an opening of the mold filled with the raw material of a sintered metal or an opening of the crucible filled with the raw material for encouraging growth of a crystal for a semiconductor of a gallium arsenide crystal and a silicon single crystal or a polycrystalline silicon by a cap provided with a supply pipe and a vacuum evacuation pipe; vacuuming the inside the mold or crucible to a high vacuum state of 10?4 torr or less via the vacuum evacuation pipe; drying by heating the raw material in the mold or crucible filled with a heated inert gas in the range of 50 C. to 200 C. via the supply pipe; and storing the raw material in the mold or the crucible covered with the cap.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable and executable instructions are described herein. One method includes dividing an enclosure into a number of first field elements and a number of second field elements, determining radiance of a number of first imaging elements and a number of second imaging elements of the enclosure using images of the enclosure, estimating a radiance field and converged parameters of the number of first field elements of the enclosure using initialized parameters of the number of first field elements and the determined radiance of the number of first imaging elements, and estimating a radiance field and converged parameters of a number of second field elements of an enclosure using converged parameters of the number of first field elements, the estimated radiance of the number of first field elements, and the determined radiance of the number of second imaging elements.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided that may include a shell; a first pipe that guides a first fluid into the shell; a tube, through which a second fluid that exchanges heat with the first fluid may pass; a second pipe, through which the first fluid is guided outside of the shell; and a base including a fastening portion to which the shell may be fastened and a support portion that supports the fastening portion. The fastening portion may have a tube hole, through which the tube may pass, and a pipe hole, through which at least one of the first pipe or the second pipe may pass, so that it is possible to increase availability of space at a side of and above the shell, and at least one of the first pipe, the second pipe, or the tube may be protected by the base, resulting in high reliability.

Abstract: A cooler is provided which includes a heat discharging unit in which a plurality of heat discharge fins are placed in a line and a coolant flows in a passage between the heat discharge fins, an inflow-side coolant reservoir provided extending in a lined direction of the heat discharge fins and connected to a side of one end of the passage between the heat discharge fins through a first diaphragm portion, and an outflow-side coolant reservoir provided extending in the lined direction of the heat discharge fins and connected to a side of the other end of the passage between the heat discharge fins through a second diaphragm portion. An inflow-side fin is formed on a surface of the inflow-side coolant reservoir opposing the first diaphragm portion, and a circulation cross-sectional area of the inflow-side coolant reservoir is set smaller than a circulation cross-sectional area of the outflow-side coolant reservoir.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger plate for a plate heat exchanger, whereby the heat exchanger plate has a number of ports, distribution regions, adiabatic regions, a heat transfer region, and an edge region which extends outside the ports and the regions, whereby the heat exchanger plate includes a gasket groove extending in the edge region outside the regions and round the ports, whereby the gasket groove accommodates a gasket for sealing abutment against an adjacent heat exchanger plate in the plate heat exchanger where the gasket groove creates at least a recess of the heat transfer region along each side of the heat transfer region and that the recess enables a clip-on tab to be securely fastened to an edge region of the heat exchanger plate at the recess.

Abstract: A firearm having a lower receiver is provided. The receiver is adapted to couple with a plurality of upper receivers having different calibers. The lower receiver comprises a receiver extension having an opening therein. A spring is disposed within the opening. A buffer member is provided having a first portion having an end. The buffer member is coupled to the spring within the opening, wherein the buffer member is movable between a first position where the end is within the opening and a second position wherein the end external to the opening.

Abstract: A gas cutoff system for use with a gas-operated firearm. The gas cutoff system includes a gas block affixed to the barrel and having a plurality of openings adjacent the barrel for receiving gas redirected from the barrel of the firearm upon firing. At least one gas cylinder is disposed within the gas block and includes a piston disposed within and moveable along the gas cylinder. A valve assembly is disposed within the gas cylinder adjacent to the at least one piston. The valve assembly includes a selectively closeable valve that can be actuated upon firing of the firearm when the volume/pressure of gas entering the gas block through the plurality of openings overcomes a biasing force of a spring so as to actuate movement of the valve within the gas cylinder. A portion of the valve is moved to a location blocking the openings through which the gas is entering the gas block to prevent excess gas from entering the gas operating system.

Abstract: A device for displaying the number of rounds remaining in a firearm magazine includes a digital counter with a voltage source. A voltage flows from the digital counter, through a magazine connection, and to a follower conductor in the magazine. The follower conductor contacts binary coded conductive strips, which return a binary representation of the number of rounds in the magazine to the digital counter.

Abstract: A non-detachable magazine configured to be used for new manufacture of firearms or configured to replace a detachable magazine of an existing firearm is disclosed. The magazine may be pivotally mounted on a firearm using a hinge pin, allowing the feed end of the magazine to enter and retreat from the magazine well of the firearm. The magazine includes a magazine body and at least one arm connecting the magazine body to the hinge pin. In some embodiments, a firearm can be made compatible with the disclosed non-detachable magazine such that removal of the magazine is tantamount to disassembly of the firearm, and/or removal of the magazine renders the firearm inoperable.

Abstract: A magazine loader (10) facilitates loading loose rounds into a firearm magazine. The loader comprises a body (12) with finger rests (14), a plunger tooth (18), a pusher element (20), and a spring (22). The body includes an opening (16) to accept the magazine. The tooth pushes down the topmost round (50). The pusher element and the spring push the loader up after each round is partially loaded. To load a round, the loader is fitted on the magazine and forced down so its tooth pushes the topmost round down sufficient to insert a new round, rim first, until it engages the plunger. Then, the user reduces force on the loader to allow the pusher to lift the loader up so that the plunger is cleared from the magazine, whereupon the partially inserted round can be forced rearwardly to its final position in the magazine.

Abstract: An improve firearm rifling is provided in which the trailing edge face of the land is significantly longer than the rifling land top surface. The trailing edge angle between the trailing edge face and the level of the groove floor surface is a much smaller angle than conventional rifling land trailing edge angle, while the leading edge angle of the disclosed embodiments may be akin to a conventional rifling leading edge angle. Due to this, the present embodiments provide a rifling land profile that is nonsymmetrical, with the trailing edge face being at a much lower angle than the leading edge face which is configured in a more upright orientation.

Abstract: An apparatus having a body that attaches to a barrel of a firearm and a chamber disposed in the body that receives combustion gases from the barrel during a firing sequence of the firearm. Sensors, mounted on the body, capture a measurement of an initial line-of-sight to a target prior to the firing sequence and measure deviation from the initial line-of-sight after capture of the measurement of the initial line-of-sight and during the firing sequence. Ports, in communication with the chamber, are controllable to vary discharge of the combustion gases from the chamber. A feedback control unit receives the measurement of the initial line-of-sight and the deviation from the sensors and controls the ports to vary discharge of the combustion gases from the chamber during the firing sequence to generate forces on the barrel to drive the deviation to a minimum.

Abstract: A crossbow is provided which has an elongated frame and a foot stirrup. The elongated frame has a forward end portion. The foot stirrup is secured to the forward end portion of the elongated frame. The foot stirrup has first and second portions. The first portion of the foot stirrup is configured to extend forward of the elongated frame to the second portion. The second portion of the foot stirrup is configured to extend downwardly from the first portion. The downwardly extending second portion of the foot stirrup provides increased surface area to stabilize the crossbow during a cocking operation. The downwardly extending second portion of the foot stirrup is further configured to act as a bipod when the crossbow is aimed and fired.

Abstract: A toy assembly containing projectiles and a launcher. The launcher is a static structure having a hook projection extending therefrom. The projectile contains a length of coiled ribbon spring that causes the projectile to be biased into a curled configuration. The projectile stores spring energy when unwound from its coiled configuration. The projectile can be made bi-stable so that it can lay at rest in both its initial coiled configuration and a straightened linear configuration. A mechanical connector temporarily engages the first end of the projectile with the launcher. Once the projectile is engaged with the launcher, the first end of the projectile is held in place as the projectile is uncoiled out of its initial coiled configuration. When the projectile is released, it recoils and launches the projectile forward.

Abstract: A paintball loader for use on a paintball gun for feeding paintballs is provided. The paintball loader includes a container for holding a plurality of paintballs, a paintball agitator rotatably mounted in the container, the paintball agitator including at least two fins extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation, the fins spaced apart from each other forming a gap therebetween large enough to accommodate more than one paintball. At least two paintballs are positioned in the gap between the fins. A motor is configured to rotate the paintball agitator. The container includes an exit tube exiting from the bottom portion of the container and leading to an inlet tube of the paintball gun. A microprocessor in communication with a sensor may also be provided for controlling the motor. A deflector for deflecting paintballs may also be provided, the deflector movably attached to the interior surface of the container.

Abstract: A hand guard assembly for installation on a standard barrel nut is disclosed. In accordance with some embodiments, the hand guard assembly may include a hinged hand guard comprising a left clamshell component and a right clamshell component, which may be mounted on a standard barrel nut. The design of the hinged hand guard allows the hand guard to securely fasten on the standard barrel nut by accommodating the sprockets of the standard barrel nut in an internal radial groove, and/or encasing the firearm's gas tube in a longitudinal notch. The disclosed configurations may allow a user to attach and remove the hand guard easily and quickly from the firearm without modifying the standard barrel nut or removing the gas block.

Abstract: The invention is an Optical Diffraction Alignment Lens, incorporating a symmetric planar-array of pin-hole apertures, installed in a split bowstring configuration replacing the conventional peep sight on a tuned compound bow with a front sight fiber optic pin, providing to the archer a virtual aperture through the fiber optic pin tip as a precise alignment and aiming system for the arrow flight path to target. The Optical Diffraction Alignment Lens, the center of which is positioned in the vertical plane centered on the arrow flight path and fixed relative to the arrow nock end, presents to the aiming eye of the archer, a well-defined virtual aperture image in the tip of the front fiber optic pin, as a centered point of alignment, that is centered by the archer in the line-of-sight which the archer aligns through the virtual aperture to the impact point on target.

Abstract: A handgun sighting system that adjusts the intensity of a lighted front sight based on the ambient light conditions. A sighting rib on the handgun includes an electronic circuit having a power supply, a light emitting diode (LED), a photocell, and a reed switch. A holster for use with the sighting system includes a magnet therein. Return of the handgun to the holster brings the reed switch of the weapon in close proximity to the magnet and deactivates the LED and the electronic circuit. Withdrawal of the handgun from the holster activates the LED and the electronic circuit. The handgun sighting system automatically adjusts the intensity of the LED in accordance with changes in the ambient light conditions, as measured by the photocell, to provide an optimal sighting presentation for the shooter.

Abstract: An improved display provides information regarding a projectile trajectory so that a user is informed whether or not there is a clear shot. The improved display provides one or more path indicators shown over the cross hairs. In some embodiments, an intermediate point in the projectile trajectory is an aiming point and is indicated in relation to the visualized target. The rangefinder device is calibrated to a bow having a bow sight, for example, having a twenty-yard pin. The aiming point is display showing the intermediate point in the projectile trajectory that corresponds with the bow sight pin. The archer places the bow sight pin on the point visualized in the rangefinder device.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a 3-dimensional target position and velocity using 2-dimensional IR sensor angular measurements for objects travelling in a ballistic manner within an IR sensor's field of view (FOV). Resulting 3-dimensional states may be used to generate updated inputs for correlation and object selection to drive missile guidance and intercept operations.

Abstract: A method of guiding a pursuer to a target is provided, and is of particular use when the possible target location is described by non-Gaussian statistics. Importantly, the method takes into account the fact that different potential target tracks in the future have significantly different times to go. That can give rise to emergent behavior, in which the guidance method covers several possible outcomes at the same time in an optimal way. An example embodiment of the method combines Particle Filter ideas with Swarm Optimization techniques to form a method for generating guidance commands for systems with non-Gaussian statistics. That example method is then applied to a dynamic mission planning example, to guide an airborne pursuer to a ground target travelling on a network of roads where the pursuer has no-go areas, to avoid collateral damage.

Abstract: A barrier formed from a plurality of identical modular units that have an essentially planar front panel and triangular shaped top and bottom plates extending rearward from the front panel. Adjacent units are interconnected to one another at their terminal vertices by a square tubular member. A square shaped opening is formed approximately centrally through each of the triangular shaped plates. In addition, elongated linkages may be provided at about the midpoint of each side edge for purposes of interconnecting units that are positioned adjacent to another unit so as to assist in the formation of the overall barrier. The linkages provide pivotal movement between adjacent barriers through a range of angles from about 90 degrees (to provide a corner arrangement) to 180 degrees (to provide a straight wall arrangement).

Abstract: A system for evaluating aircraft/watercraft/battle-vehicle survivability equipment comprising: (1) a Static Pyrotechnic Unit (SPTU) and a support stand; (2) a system of Short Range Simulating Rocket (SRSR) and a rocket launching apparatus; and (3) a control system that activates said Static Pyrotechnic Unit in (1) and said system SRSR in (2). When the Static pyrotechnic Unit is ignited, the resulting flash has an IR wavelength and multi spectral emission, intensity and time duration that simulate the initial flash created by a shoulder missile. When the Short Range Simulating Rocket is fired, the resulting radiation has an IR wavelength and multi spectral emission, intensity and time duration that simulates the radiation trail emitted from a fired shoulder missile. The flash created by the Static pyrotechnic Unit, and the trail emission of the Short Range Simulating Rocket are detected by the target survivability detection equipment, enabling the target to take protective measures.

Abstract: A device for extending a shaft of an arrow including a hollow arrow sleeve having a forward end and a rearward end. The hollow arrow sleeve supporting at least one auxiliary, expandable, razor-sharp blade for pivoting movement between a stored position lying enclosed within the sleeve and a deployed position extending outwardly through a slot formed in the sleeve. The sleeve having at least one slot allowing passage of the at least one expandable razor-sharp blade from a stored position to a deployed position in response to movement of the at least one blade from the rearward position to the forward position relative to the sleeve. A member acting against the at least one auxiliary, expandable, razor-sharp blade for urging the blade toward the deployed position. A spring for biasing the member against the at least one auxiliary, expandable, razor-sharp blade.

Abstract: A nock for promoting a natural spin on an arrow shaft prior to the nock separating from a bowstring includes a nock segment possessing a bowstring rest portion, and a base portion which is coupled to a retaining portion via a collar portion. The retainer is attached to the end of an arrow shaft. The nock segment freewheels independently of the retainer and the arrow shaft to permit the arrow fletching moving through the air to act on the shaft inducing a natural spin to the shaft prior to separation of the bowstring and the nock.

Abstract: An improved nock bushing preferably includes a bushing body and a stop flange. The bushing body preferably has a non-round body. An undercut is preferably formed under the stop flange. A nock hole is formed through at least substantially all of a length of the non-round body to receive a projection from an arrow nock. A plurality of lightening openings are preferably formed through the bushing body. The stop flange extends from one end of the bushing body. A distance across the largest cross-section dimension of the bushing body is preferably greater than a diameter of a bushing hole in an arrow shaft. In use, the non-round body is inserted into a nock end of an arrow shaft, which flexes the nock end. The arrow shaft will want to return back to its original round shape and thus applies force to an outer surface of the bushing body.

Abstract: A large caliber, frangible, training projectile imitates, for training purposes, the corresponding tactical projectile. To enable fragmentation of the training projectile at impact, some embodiments of the frangible projectile are partially or entirely made of a material with a lower yield strength than the material used in the counterpart tactical projectile. Some embodiments of the frangible projectile may include portions that are sectioned, welded, or provided with stress risers. Some embodiments of the frangible projectile may include high density particles suspended in a weaker medium. The fragmentation methods may be applied to the overall mass of the projectile, or to a portion of the projectile.

Abstract: A fin retention system having a plurality of fin retention units and in which each unit is associated with one deployable fin of the projectile. Each retention unit has an alignment device and a pair of span arms extending outwardly from opposite sides of the alignment device. An attachment device attaches the free ends of the span arms of adjacent fin retention units together. In doing so, the alignment device engages and holds each fin in its undeployed position.

Abstract: A projectile includes: (a) a cured, toughened polymer resin; and (b) a particulate filler distributed through the resin, the filler having a density greater than a density of the resin, wherein the projectile has average density less than the density of lead.

Abstract: A bore cleaning device is disclosed including a propellant providing a force to push the projectile down the bore of the firearm, a frame including a plurality of collapsible legs, and a cylindrically-shaped cleaning agent installed around the legs. The frame further includes a lower charge cap configured to receive the force of the propellant and a rigid front end cap. The provided force creates a crushing force upon the frame. The crushing force causes the legs to collapse and provide an outward force upon the cleaning agent, wherein the outward force causes intimate contact between the cleaning agent and the bore as the device travels along the bore.