Abstract: A reactor includes a vessel, a gas inlet, a solid outlet, a catalyst support configured to at least partially retain a catalyst material and allow a tail gas to pass therethrough, and a tail gas outlet. The gas inlet is in fluid communication with the solid outlet. A system for producing a solid product includes a reactor, a compressor, a heater, a make-up reactive gas inlet, and a solids discharge means for removing the solid product from the solid outlet of the reactor. Methods of forming solid products include providing a catalyst material in a vessel having a porous catalyst support, delivering a reactive gas to the vessel, reacting the reactive gas to form a solid product and a tail gas in the vessel, passing the tail gas through a portion of the catalyst material to separate the solid product from the tail gas, and removing the solid product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the extraordinary properties of recently discovered nanotubes. This disclosure teaches a method for using barrel proteins acting as scaffolds to guide assembly of nanotubes, and using nano-molecular molding jigs to format the nanotubes into stable arrays with the precise geometric architecture desired. This disclosure teaches nanotube technology with principles of protein folding and aggregated self-assembly. In certain embodiments, the disclosure teaches using highly modified barrel proteins to form hydrophobic and hydrophilic channels that guide the nanotubes into their centers, or other geometric patterns utilizing silicone aerogel to form nano-molecular molds, jigs, and surfaces to position nanotubes in precise geometric arrangements and arrays. This disclosure teaches new uses of barrel proteins as self-assembling molding tools to develop new nanometer scaled devices and their uses herein.

Abstract: Granules of graphene oxide may be produced from a dispersion of nanoscale graphene oxide sheets by a spray drying method. Such granules have a three-dimensional corrugated morphology. The complexity of the corrugations, and the s size distribution of the granules can be varied through selection of the spray-drying equipment used, and variation of the composition of the dispersion and the spray-drying parameters. Structural modifiers may be included in the graphene oxide dispersion to control the ultimate morphology of the granules. The granules of graphene oxide may be thermally reduced at a moderate temperature of 220° C. to increase the granules' electrical conductivity. The reduced granules may be used to fabricate electrodes for supercapacitors. The power and energy density of such an electrode material is comparable to those of conventional/commercial activated carbon-based electrodes.

Abstract: This is generally a method of producing graphene-containing suspensions of flakes of high quality graphene/graphite oxides and method of producing graphene/graphite oxides. Both the exfoliating graphite into flakes and oxidizing the graphite flakes and the preparation and suspension of the flakes can be done with high volume production and at a low cost.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a method of preparing graphene-based film, said method comprising: providing a first graphene-based film comprising sheets of graphene, graphene oxide, partially reduced graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, or a combination of two or more thereof, that are (i) arranged relative to each other in a substantially planar manner so as to form a layered structure, and (ii) at least partially separated by a liquid medium; exchanging said liquid medium with a packing density adjustment medium that comprises at least two components, wherein one of said components has a volatility greater than the other component; and removing at least some of the more volatile component from the first graphene-based film to produce a graphene-based film that has a different packing density of the graphene-based sheets relative to that of the first graphene-based film.

Abstract: A method of producing diamonds comprises the steps of providing a nano-structured carbonaceous material, and thermally treating the nano-structured carbonaceous material in an oxygen-containing environment so as to produce diamonds. The nano-structured carbonaceous material may be materials such as carbon nano-particles, carbon nano-tubes and carbon nano-scrolls. It is preferred that the nano-structured carbonaceous material is created by electrochemical erosion of graphite. Thermal treatment to form the diamonds may occur in a temperature window within which the nano-structured carbonaceous material oxidises but diamond crystals are relatively more stable.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for producing activated carbon having catalytic activity by carbonization and subsequent activation of carbonaceous organic polymers, wherein carbonaceous organic polymers into which, in the course of their formation, at least one metal atom and/or metal ion has been interpolymerized are subjected to a carbonization and subsequent activation, forming an activated carbon loaded with the metal atom and/or metal ion. This obviates subsequent loading with the metal by costly and inconvenient impregnation after the activated carbon has been produced. By endowing the starting materials with the metal, moreover, a more homogeneous loading is achieved, and that homogeneous throughout all kinds of pores (i.e. macropores, mesopores and micropores), so that catalytic activity is enhanced, and in addition, activation is accelerated.

Abstract: A process for producing reaction bonded silicon carbide (RBSC) from high purity, porous, essentially all-carbon preforms through contacting said preforms with silicon metal at room temperature, and subsequently heating to melt silicon metal and cause infiltration into said preform causing reaction to silicon carbide and leaving residual silicon, to result in a dense silicon carbide-silicon composite. The process offers the ability to produce RBSC with higher purity, higher strength, and lower cost as long as the carbonaceous preforms are of sufficient purity and pore size distribution to allow for uniform, crack-free bulk bodies to be fabricated.

Abstract: In a method for recovering volatile components from a solid material, a liquid phase is mechanically removed from the solid material. Subsequently, the solid material is dried by exposing the solid material to superheated steam circulating in a closed circuit. From the closed circuit excess steam that contains volatile components given off by the solid material is removed. The volatile components are separated from the excess steam by condensing the excess steam to a condensed phase and the volatile components are from the condensed phase by adding suitable ions to the condensed phase to crystallize the volatile components.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for manufacturing magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate, specifically manufacturing refined carbonates such as magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) through processes including electrolysis, carbon dioxide injection, and calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) injection in seawater.

Abstract: Dry precipitated calcium carbonate and a slurry of precipitated calcium carbonate (“PCC”) particles at least partially in the form elongated entities, especially of nanofibers or nanochain like agglomerates constituted by at least two interconnected primary particles, and preferably, with a content of scalenohedron particles, is provided having opacifying properties. The slurry may be produced on site of its use and, due to its high concentration of CaCO3, may be applied directly after its manufacture.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing nanostructured layered double hydroxides (LDHs) having a uniform size distribution with homogenous nano-disc morphology. Disclosed method has three main steps of: pretreatment of metal wires; wire-explosion in a liquid phase; and finally, centrifugation and drying the as-prepared colloidal products to obtain the LDHs nanostructured dried powder.

Abstract: A method for producing titanium tetrachloride is provided, in which valuable materials such as unreacted titanium-containing raw material, carbon raw material and chlorine can be recovered from solid recovered material generated in chlorinating process of titanium-containing raw material, and titanium-containing raw material can be efficiently used. The treatment method of titanium-containing raw material includes the steps: separating and removing impurities selectively from the titanium-containing raw material as chlorides so as to obtain high titanium-containing raw material, producing titanium tetrachloride using the high titanium-containing raw material, and performing separating process of impurities from solid recovered material byproduced in the production of titanium tetrachloride, together with selective chlorinating treatment of the titanium-containing raw material. Thus, the high titanium-containing raw material can be produced while recovering chlorine and impure oxides.

Abstract: An oxide layer 30 according to the invention consists of bismuth (Bi) and niobium (Nb) (possibly including inevitable impurities). The oxide layer 30 also includes crystal phases of a pyrochlore crystal structure. The obtained oxide layer 30 includes oxide consisting of bismuth (Bi) and niobium (Nb) and has high permittivity that has never been achieved in the conventional technique.

Abstract: A novel process for the manufacture of materials containing chromium(IV) oxide from precursor molecules that contain chromium in the formal oxidation state of +4 is described.

Abstract: A method for preparing nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving microcrystalline cellulose into water to obtain a suspension; and adding a nickel source, a cobalt source, and a manganese source into the suspension to obtain a solution containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese; (2) adding hexamethylenetetramine into the solution containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese, heating the reaction solution to 80-90° C., and reacting for 5-10 min, then heating with a microwave hydrothermal synthesis instrument at a frequency of 2450 MHz for 10-60 min; and (3) filtering the reaction solution obtained in step (2), and taking the filter residue, washing the filter residue with pure water and ethanol respectively, then drying, crushing, and screening the filter residue to obtain nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a treatment system, apparatus, assembly, facility, cycle and/or method for the treatment of water or wastewater, in particular, a system, apparatus, assembly, facility, cycle and/or method for treating water or wastewater received at high flowrates (including in excess of approximately 200 L/min) through a series of two or more dissolved air flotation chambers.

Abstract: A fluid treatment apparatus and a fluid treatment apparatus component include: a treatment chamber (1) having a permeable wall (13), with a fluid outlet section being formed on the permeable wall; the treatment chamber (1) being constructed as: under a working state, the fluid entering the treatment chamber moves at least part of treatment mediums (100) in a direction opposite to the direction in which the treatment mediums tend to move under a non-working state, and the moved treatment mediums are maintained to be a medium bed layer (101) adjoined to the permeable wall.

Abstract: A system for reducing a level of metallic contaminants from an aqueous stream is described, including at least one of an aluminum oxide sorption media and an ion exchange media (media 1) and a functionalized activated alumina media (media 2), wherein the system is configured to: a. lower the pH of the metallic contaminant -contaminated aqueous stream to less than 6, b. contact the metallic contaminated aqueous stream with at least one of the aluminum oxide sorption media and the ion exchange media (media 1) c. contact the metallic contaminant-contaminated aqueous stream with the functionalized activated alumina media (media 2) wherein the contact with the at least one of the aluminum oxide sorption media and the ion exchange media and the functionalized activated alumina media forms a metallic contaminant-reduced aqueous solution; and d. discharge a metallic contaminant -depleted aqueous solution.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of removing mercury from an aqueous solution comprising: providing an aqueous solution comprising chloramine and mercury; and contacting the aqueous solution with a medium comprising a porous carbon substrate comprising at least 1.5% by mass of sulfur.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of removing organic compounds from an aqueous solution comprising: providing an aqueous solution comprising chloramine and an organic compound; and contacting the aqueous solution with a medium comprising a porous carbon substrate comprising at least 1.5% by mass of sulfur.

Abstract: A cross-linked terpolymer (BSDF) obtained by polycondensation of bisphenol-S, formaldehyde and 1,6-diaminohexane. The terpolymer is highly efficient in eliminating lead ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of lead ions on BSDF was studied under different conditions such as: pH, contact time and temperature. The adsorption kinetics fits Lagergren second order kinetic model that are in agreement with the low surface area as a chemisorption process. Applying BSDF on non-spiked and spiked real wastewater samples under optimum conditions revealed the high efficiency of BSDF in removing toxic metal ions.

Abstract: A method for processing liquid CIP media used in plants for treating containers includes promoting adsorption of aromatic substances from said CIP media by exposing the CIP media to a polymeric adsorbent material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound material consisting of a natural zeolite having calcium as an exchangeable cation, in which hydroxyapatite on a nanometric scale is grown in a controlled manner on the surface thereof; to the method by which said compound material is obtained; and to the use thereof for removing fluoride from water in order to make same drinkable. As a result of the aforementioned special characteristics of hydroxyapatite crystals, said material has a very high intrinsic capacity (based on the weight of hydroxyapatite) for removing fluoride. This capacity, combined with the low cost and ease of access to the materials used for preparing same, and with the straightforward nature of the method, means that said material is the perfect candidate for removing fluoride from water having high levels of this contaminant.

Abstract: A grease interceptor includes a container having outer walls and a bottom connected to the outer walls, an inlet opening defined in one of the outer walls of the container, an outlet opening defined in an opposing outer wall of the container, an inlet baffle positioned adjacent the inlet opening, the inlet baffle comprising a protruding upper portion and a straight lower portion, a deflector positioned adjacent a bottom portion of the inlet baffle, a mid-wall baffle positioned at a substantially centered position along the longitudinal length of the container, and an exit baffle positioned adjacent the outlet opening. A method of removing grease from a wastewater stream through volume displacement is also disclosed.

Abstract: Water purification systems, apparatus, and methods for producing high quality water in harsh environments. Systems of embodiments comprise trailers and reverse osmosis (RO) units and/or multi-media filters (MMFs), and vibration controls. Some controls can be coupled to the trailer and RO units and/or MMFs. The controls can be configured to isolate these components from vibrations. Some systems further comprise pumps and motor/belt drives operationally coupled to the RO units. Some systems comprise enclosures, heaters, and ventilation fans wherein the enclosures enclose the RO units/MMFs, the heaters heat the same, and the fans ventilate the enclosures. Various systems further comprise controllers and water quality sensors. Some of these controllers transmit the sensed conditions and/or actuate the effectors responsive to the sensed conditions. If desired, some systems comprise recirculation lines from the RO units and/or MMFs.

Abstract: An energy recovery apparatus usable in a seawater desalination system. The energy recovery apparatus includes a plurality of chambers to pressurize the seawater by pressure energy of the concentrated seawater by supply and discharging the concentrated seawater and the seawater, a first flowmeter for integrating a flow rate of the seawater or the concentrated seawater which flows into the chamber, a second flowmeter for integrating a flow rate of the seawater or the concentrated seawater discharged from the chamber, a switching valve in each of the chambers to switch the inflow and the discharge of the concentrated seawater, and a controller to control the respective switching valves of the chambers on the basis of integrated flow rate of the chamber obtained from the flow rate of the flowmeter. The controller inputs a single input signal to the respective switching valves of the chambers to control the respective switching valves.

Abstract: Water supply vehicle comprising a water reservoir, a flow through descaling device having a water inlet, a water outlet, a detecting device for detecting a water characteristic in a water flow from the water inlet to the water outlet, a controllable water descaling device, and a controlling device being designed for controlling the water descaling device based on a water characteristic detected by the detection device, wherein the water reservoir is connected to the water inlet, wherein the water outlet is connectable to a water hose for supplying water to a water consumer.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in which water is pumped continuously into one end of a container, the pollutants are captured and floated to the surface, the treated and cleaned water flows out the other end and the floated pollutants are removed. In one embodiment, the system consists of at least one container that has a set of electrically active plates and a mechanism for capturing and removing the pollutants that are floated to the surface by the electrically active plates. Multiple containers can be connected in series and used for similar or separate purposes to remove the pollutants. In another embodiment, the single container is partitioned into a multiple of chambers. Each chamber can be used for a similar or separate purpose, which purpose depends upon the application. In both embodiments, the primary reaction consists of electroflocculation, in which a low voltage is applied across a set of metal plates. This liberates metal ions and gas bubbles.

Abstract: Dual-field electric and magnetic probes create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

Abstract: UV apparatus comprises a tube of UV-transparent material, at least one UV lamp provided externally of the tube so as to emit UV light towards the tube, and a core extending in an axial direction within the tube and configured to create turbulent flow in a liquid passing through the tube. A photocatalyst is provided on at least one surface of the core and is responsive to UV light emitted by the lamp to generate free radicals in liquid passing through the tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for the improved oxygenation of a body of water such as a pond or other water containing area. Water is pumped from below the surface to above the surface where it is oxygenated and then returned to below the surface. The location of the return is adjusted by mounting the system on an adjustable height frame, or made adjustable to the depth of the pump length of the water pipe.

Abstract: A chemical feeder includes a housing having a housing chamber, a sieve plate within the housing chamber, and a cartridge on an upper surface of the sieve plate. The cartridge includes a tubular member with a sidewall outer surface and a plurality of partitions extending from the sidewall outer surface to define a plurality of pockets, at least one of which contains a solid chemical material. The sieve plate includes a plurality of sieve plate inlet apertures, at least a portion of which are in fluid communication with at least one of the plurality of pockets. During operation, a feed liquid passes up through at least a portion of the sieve inlet plate apertures and into at least one pocket where it contacts a solid chemical material, so as to form a treated liquid that includes dissolved chemical material, at least a portion of which is removed through an outlet.

Abstract: An organic wastewater treatment apparatus includes (a) a treatment tank, (b) a plurality of membrane separation devices immersed in the treatment tank, where each membrane separation device is provided with a diffuser device and a permeated liquid extracting device, (c) a plurality of sludge characteristics measuring devices dispersedly disposed in the treatment tank, and (d) a controller. An operating method divides the treatment tank into a plurality of regions, and sets at least one of an amount of air diffusion and a flow rate of permeated liquid for each membrane separation device based on a measured value of the sludge characteristics measuring device disposed in the corresponding region. The controller sets at least one of the amount of air diffusion and the flow rate of permeated liquid based on the measured value of the sludge characteristics measuring device in a vicinity of which the membrane separation device is disposed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for water descaling. The system comprises hydrodynamic cavitation reactors with a cavitator selected from the group consisting of an orifice plate, venturi and a rotating cavitator, in combination with an infrared radiation emitter. Combination of hydrodynamic cavitation reactor with infrared radiation achieves effective salt precipitation from the hard water with reduced pressure drop and reduced number of recirculation, resulting in higher savings due to reduced energy costs.

Abstract: A mobile wastewater treatment system wherein a mobile carrier has mounted thereon a wastewater treatment plant and a pump tank. There is a pump disposed in the pump tank, the output in the pump being selectively directed to a human use facility. Discharge from the human use facility is transferred by gravity to a lift station, accumulated wastewater at the lift station being transferred to the input of the wastewater treatment plant.

Abstract: A greywater recycling system. The system is designed using flow control management and minimally-sized holding tanks allowing use of on-site greywater recycling in locations where conventional greywater recycling systems are unsuitable. Where conventional greywater recycling systems produce low-value recycled water suitable for use in irrigation, the system produces high-value recycled water suitable for use in other systems, such as cooling towers with minimal impact on the facility and changes to existing processes. By using higher capacity extraction, reducing the size of storage tanks, and returning permeate to supply the extractor, as needed, the system operates efficiently while with a greywater source producing a non-continuous flow of greywater being modular and compact.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a barrel-integrated lens, in which a molded glass product is molded integrally with a barrel made of metal by means of a molten glass drop molding method, includes inserting an upper cylindrical die into a through opening from a side of a second cylindrical opening, and press molding the molten glass drop by a lower cylindrical die and the upper cylindrical die such that the molten glass drop is pressure welded to a connection opening.

Abstract: Methods for producing a glass ribbon include the step of drawing a glass ribbon from a quantity of molten glass and detecting an instability in the glass ribbon. In response to the detected instability, the method can further include the step of automatically adjusting an operating variable for each of a plurality of stabilizing elements simultaneously with a controller to at least partially counter the detected instability.

Abstract: One aspect relates to a method for the manufacture of doped quartz glass. Moreover, one aspect relates to quartz glass obtainable according to the method including providing a soot body, treating the soot body with a gas, heating an intermediate product and vitrifying an intermediate product.

Abstract: The ability to reshape nanopores and observe their shrinkage under an electron microscope is a powerful and novel technique14,17. It increases the sensitivity of the resistive pulse sensing and enables to detect very short and small molecules12,31. However, this has not yet been shown for glass having a tubular shape, for instance nanocapillaries. In contrast to their solid-state nanopore counterparts25, nanocapillaries are cheap, easily fabricated and in the production do not necessitate clean room facilities. Nanocapillaries made out of glass-like materials such as quartz or borosilicate glass can be shrunken under a scanning electron microscope beam. Since the shrinking is caused by the thermal heating of the electrons, increasing the beam current increases the shrink rate. Higher acceleration voltage on the contrary increases the electron penetration depth and reduces the electron density causing slower shrink rates.

Abstract: A method for thermally treating an annular region of an inner surface of a glass container produced from a borosilicate glass tube is provided. The annular region is disposed at a tubular portion of the glass container and is disposed adjacent to a glass container bottom. The method includes: forming the glass container bottom from the glass tube; heating the annular region of the inner surface of the tubular portion to a treatment temperature TBeh above the transformation temperature TG, wherein the annular region is adjacent to the glass container bottom; maintaining the treatment temperature TBeh for a certain time period; and cooling the glass container to room temperature.

Abstract: A glass cutting tool having a wheel holder and a glass cutter wheel rotatably attached to the wheel holder via a pin, wherein the wheel holder has at least a part formed of a self-lubricating material having self-lubricity, the part potentially contacts with side surfaces of the glass cutter wheel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a bent optical fiber while suppressing diameter reduction of the optical fiber and realizing a desired radius of curvature thereof. In an optical fiber prepared, a plurality of irradiation regions arranged along the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber are set as a heated section with infrared laser pulsed light. In each irradiation region, the optical fiber is bent at a predetermined angle in a bend processing portion softened by irradiation with the infrared laser pulsed light. The optical fiber is bent in the bend processing portions of all the irradiation regions, thereby obtaining a bent optical fiber having a predetermined radius of curvature in the heated section.

Abstract: A method includes impregnating a region of a glass sheet with a filler material in a liquid state. The glass sheet includes a plurality of glass soot particles. The filler material is solidified subsequent to the impregnating step to form a glass/filler composite region of the glass sheet.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a cover glass which is slim and gives a better aesthetic feeling, and a method for manufacturing the same. The cover glass according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a glass substrate; a pattern portion formed on the glass substrate by etching; and a multi-layered thin film coated on the surface of the pattern portion.

Abstract: A process for the heat treatment of a coating deposited on at least one portion of a first face of a substrate including a first face and a second face opposite the first face, wherein the coating is treated by a laser radiation focused on the coating in the form of a laser line extending along a first direction, the heat treatment being such that, in a second direction transverse to the first direction, a relative displacement movement is created between the substrate and the laser line, wherein the second face is heated locally at a temperature of at least 30° C. in an additional heating zone extending facing the laser line over a length of at least 10 cm along the second direction, with the aid of at least one additional heater positioned on the side opposite the laser line with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: A method of depositing a coating utilizing a coating apparatus includes providing a coating apparatus above a glass substrate and forming a coating on a surface of the glass substrate while flowing a fluorine-containing compound into the coating apparatus. The fluorine-containing compound inhibits the formation of the coating on one or more portions of the coating apparatus.

Abstract: Transparent conductive oxide thin films having a plurality of layers with voids located at each interface. Smooth TCO surfaces with no post growth processing and a largely tunable haze value. Methods of making include applying multiple layers of a conductive oxide onto a surface of a substrate, and interrupting the application between the multiple layers to form a plurality of voids at the interfaces.

Abstract: Methods are provided for measuring the asymmetry of glass-sheet manufacturing processes. The methods include subjecting glass sheets or test samples taken from glass sheets to an ion-exchange process and measuring warp values. Metrics for the asymmetry of the glass-sheet manufacturing process are then obtained from the warp values. In one embodiment, the metric is independent of the geometry of the glass sheets or the test samples (the BM1 metric); in another embodiment, the metric is independent of the geometry of the glass sheets or the test samples and substantially independent of the ion-exchange process used in the testing (the ASYM metric).