Abstract: Heat transfer fluid concentrates include: a freezing point depressant, water, or a combination thereof; a carboxylate; an inorganic phosphate; an azole compound; calcium ions; and a water-soluble polymer. Ready-to-use heat transfer fluids and methods for preventing corrosion in heat transfer systems are described.

Abstract: At least one petroleum coke may be added to an oil-based fluid to improve the electrical conductivity of the oil-based fluid. The oil-based fluid may be a drilling fluid, a completion fluid, a drill-in fluid, a stimulation fluid, a servicing fluid, and combinations thereof. In a non-limiting embodiment, the downhole fluid composition may be circulated in a subterranean reservoir wellbore.

Abstract: Capped nanoparticles may be added to an oil-based fluid to improve the electrical conductivity of the oil-based fluid. The oil-based fluid may be a drilling fluid, a completion fluid, a drill-in fluid, a stimulation fluid, a servicing fluid, and combinations thereof. In a non-limiting embodiment, the oil-based fluid composition may be circulated in a subterranean reservoir wellbore.

Abstract: A friction reducing treatment solution that includes water, from 100 to 500,000 ppm of total dissolved solids, and from 0.5 to 3 gallons per thousand gallons of a water-in-oil emulsion containing a water soluble polymer. The total dissolved solids include at least 10 weight percent of a multivalent cation. The water-in-oil emulsion includes an oil phase and an aqueous phase, where the oil phase is a continuous phase containing an inert hydrophobic liquid and the aqueous phase is present as dispersed distinct particles in the oil phase and contains water, the water soluble polymer, and surfactants and an inverting surfactant. The water soluble polymer is made up of 20 to 80 weight percent of a non-ionic monomer, 0.5 to 30 weight percent of a carboxylic acid containing monomer, and 5 to 70 weight percent of a cationic monomer and makes up from 10 to 35 weight percent of the water-in-oil emulsion.

Abstract: Methods and compositions comprising particles for use in various aspects of the life cycle of an oil and/or gas well are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for reducing the risk of oxidation of hydrate inhibitors such as monoethylene glycol used to prevent the formation of hydrates in fluid handling systems including flow lines and pipelines. A hydrate inhibitor storage tank in fluid communication with the fluid handling system is used to hold a volume of liquid hydrate inhibitor and a volume of high purity argon as a blanket gas.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of controlling the sulfide (S2?) content in gases or fluids produced from sulfidogenic reservoir systems, such as oil reservoirs, by inducing authigenic mineral-precipitating bacteria to precipitate sulfide-scavenging authigenic rock material in the production well environment.

Abstract: The present invention provides an internal olefin sulfonate composition, comprising water and an internal olefin sulfonate mixture having an average carbon number of at least 20, wherein the internal olefin sulfonate mixture comprises hydroxy sulfonates and alkene sulfonates in a weight ratio of hydroxy sulfonates to alkene sulfonates of at least 3.25. The invention further provides a method of treating a crude oil containing formation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of controlling wormhole formation in a borewell environment of reservoir systems, such as oil reservoirs, by inducing authigenic mineral-precipitating bacteria to precipitate authigenic rock minerals that consolidate unconsolidated rock matrices.

Abstract: A method of treating wastewater resulting from hydrocarbon production operations is provided, for repurposing as a disinfectant. The method includes a) providing wastewater resulting from hydrocarbon production operations containing greater than 3 ppm bromide ion; and b) adding a sufficient amount of an oxidizing agent to convert the bromide ion to hypobromous acid used in the formation of a disinfectant solution. At least one of chloramine, bromamine, and hypobromous acid is present in the disinfectant solution to provide disinfecting properties. A source of ammonia may also be added to the wastewater, and the disinfectant solution may be blended with other water to provide blended water for use as a fracturing fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to the viscoelastic surfactant based fluids and methods for utilizing same in oilfield applications including, but not limited to gravel packing, cleanup, drilling, acidizing, fracturing and the like in a subterranean formation. The viscoelastic fluid of the invention comprises at least one amphoteric surfactant and at least one synergistic cosurfactant that increases the gel strength and extends the brine tolerance of said viscoelastic-based fluid.

Abstract: Treating fluid compositions for use in hydrocarbon recovery operations from subterranean formations are described, as well as methods for their preparation and use. In particular, treating fluid compositions are described which comprise a liquid, a crosslinkable organic polymer material that is at least partially soluble in the liquid, a crosslinking agent that is capable of increasing the viscosity of the treating fluid by crosslinking the organic polymer material in the liquid, and a crosslinking modifier additive which can delay or accelerate the crosslinking of the treating fluid composition. Such compositions may be used in a variety of hydrocarbon recovery operations including fracturing operations, drilling operations, gravel packing operations, water control operations, and the like.

Abstract: Treating fluid compositions for use in hydrocarbon recovery operations from subterranean formations are described, as well as methods for their preparation and use. In particular, treating fluid compositions are described which comprise a liquid, a crosslinkable organic polymer material that is at least partially soluble in the liquid, a crosslinking agent that is capable of increasing the viscosity of the treating fluid by crosslinking the organic polymer material in the liquid, and a crosslinking modifier additive which can delay or accelerate the crosslinking of the treating fluid composition. Such compositions may be used in a variety of hydrocarbon recovery operations including fracturing operations, drilling operations, gravel packing operations, water control operations, and the like.

Abstract: An aqueous slurry composition for use in industries such as petroleum and pipeline industries comprises an aqueous liquid, particulates, a hydrophobizing agent that renders the particulate surface hydrophobic and a hydrophobic polymer. The slurry is produced by rendering the surface of the particulate hydrophobic during or prior to making the slurry. The method and composition can find many applications in different industries, particularly in petroleum industry.

Abstract: Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and methods of use are disclosed herein. The proppant particles can include a sintered ceramic material and can have a size of about 80 mesh to about 10 mesh and an average largest pore size of less than about 20 microns. The methods of use can include injecting a hydraulic fluid into a subterranean formation at a rate and pressure sufficient to open a fracture therein and injecting a fluid containing a proppant particle into the fracture, the proppant particle including a sintered ceramic material, a size of about 80 mesh to about 10 mesh, and an average largest pore size of less than about 20 microns.

Abstract: A polymer-encapsulated mineral acid solution and a method for forming the polymer-encapsulated mineral acid solution. Introducing a strong mineral acid solution to a monomer solution occurs such that a primary emulsion that is a water-in-oil type emulsion forms. Introducing the primary emulsion to a second aqueous solution forms a secondary emulsion that is a water-in-oil-in-water type double emulsion. The monomer in the secondary emulsion is cured such a polymerized shell forms that encapsulates the strong mineral acid solution and forms the capsule. The strong mineral acid solution has up to 30 wt. % strong mineral acid. A method of stimulating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation using the polymer-encapsulated mineral acid solution includes introducing a capsule suspension into a fissure in the hydrocarbon-bearing formation to be stimulated through a face in a well bore. The capsule is maintained within the fissure until the polymer shell degrades.

Abstract: The invention provides a method made of steps of injecting into a wellbore, a composition comprising a solvent, a surfactant, a foaming gas, a foam enhancer, a crosslinkable polymer, and a crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking the polymer, wherein the foam enhancer increases the foam half-life of the gel composition compared to the gel composition without the foam enhancer; and allowing viscosity of the composition to increase and form a gel.

Abstract: Semiconductor nanocrystal compositions comprising magnesium containing shells and methods of preparing them are described. The compositions provide strong emission in the blue and green wavelengths as well as chemical and photostability that have not been achieved with conventional shell materials.

Abstract: An optical material of the present invention includes: a phosphor which has an excitation wavelength in a range from 220 nm to 500 nm, a fluorescence wavelength in a range from 380 nm to 650 nm, a maximum excitation wavelength in a range from 350 nm to 400 nm, and a maximum fluorescence wavelength in a range from 400 nm to 500 nm; and an ultraviolet light absorber, and the light transmittance thereof measured at a thickness of 2 mm satisfies the following features (1) to (3): (1) The light transmittance at a wavelength of 440 nm is 80% or higher. (2) The light transmittance at a wavelength of 420 nm is 70% or lower. (3) The light transmittance at a wavelength of 410 nm is 5% or lower.

Abstract: The invention provides a lighting device (1) comprising (a) a light source (10) configured to generate light source light (11), and (b) a light converter (100) configured to convert at least part of the light source light (11) into visible converter light (111), wherein the light converter (100) comprises a matrix (120) containing an organic luminescent material (140) of the benzoxanthene derivative type. The lighting device may further comprise a further luminescent material (130).

Abstract: A plastic scintillator material comprising a polymeric matrix into which is Incorporated at least the one fluorescent compound at a mass concentration greater than or equal to 10% by mass of the total mass of the material, wherein the polymeric matrix consists of a crosslinked polymer obtainable by polymerization of a mixture comprising at least one aromatic monomer and at least one monomer playing the role of a cross-linking agent selected from among alkyl diacrylates, alkyl dimethacrylates, and mixtures thereof, the molar proportions of the monomer playing the role of a crosslinking agent and of the aromatic monomer in the mixture being from 10% to 50% and from 90% to 50%, respectively. A plastic scintillator prepared by shaping said material.

Abstract: The invention relates to co-activated silicate based phosphors and a process for preparing these phosphors and the use of these phosphors in electronic and electrooptical devices, especially light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells. The invention further relates to illumination units comprising said phosphors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phosphor including at least one of a nitride and an oxynitride, wherein the nitride and the oxynitride contain an alkaline-earth metal element, silicon, and an activator element. wherein the phosphor has a volume average particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 50 nm and less than or equal to about 400 nm and an inner quantum efficiency of greater than or equal to about 60% at an excitation wavelength of about 450 nm. The method of preparing a phosphor includes a precursor preparation process of preparing a phosphor precursor particles including a silicon nitride particles, a compound containing an alkaline-earth metal element, and a compound containing an activator element, wherein the compound containing an alkaline-earth metal element and the compound containing an activator element are deposited on the surface of the silicon nitride particles; and a firing process of firing the phosphor precursor particles.

Abstract: A fluorescent material having a composition formula represented as (Gd1-?-?-?L?Ce?Tb?)3+a(Al1-u-vGauScv)5-bO12 (L is at least one element selected from Y and Lu), satisfying the following ranges: 0?a?0.1, 0?b?0.1, 0???0.3, 0.0003???0.005, 0.02???0.2, 0.27?u?0.75, and 0?v?0.02. Preferably, 0<a?0.07, 0<b?0.07, 0<??0.15, 0.0003???0.004, 0.03???0.15, 0.35?u?0.70, and 0?v?0.02.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to a composition for etching, a method for manufacturing the composition, and a method for fabricating a semiconductor using the same. The composition may include a first inorganic acid, at least one of silane inorganic acid salts produced by reaction between a second inorganic acid and a silane compound, and a solvent. The second inorganic acid may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfuric acid, a fuming sulfuric acid, a nitric acid, a phosphoric acid, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes and systems for converting fresh food waste into nutrient rich hydrolysates and particulate compositions. The invention also relates to the hydrolysates and compositions useful, for example, as fertilizers, feedstock or other nutrient supplements.

Abstract: The liquid crystal light modulator includes a first substrate (10) and a second substrate (20) disposed between two polarizers, and a pair of electrode structures (24, 24). The substrates include homeotropic alignment films (12) and (22), and at least one of the substrates has a function of aligning C-directors of liquid crystal molecules along one direction. The one direction forms an azimuth angle in the range of 35 to 55 degrees with the direction of the electric field generated by the pair of electrode structures (24, 24). A liquid crystal composition layer (31) contains a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition having a chiral smectic C phase or a liquid crystal composition that has an achiral smectic C phase and negative dielectric anisotropy. Light transmittance is modulated by the electric field generated by the electrode structures (24, 24) changing the birefringence index of the liquid crystal composition layer (31).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition suitable for producing liquid crystal display elements which reduces the risk of the formation of droplet traces during production and allows a liquid crystal material to be ejected at a constant rate during an ODF process without deteriorating the properties of the liquid crystal display element, such as dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, nematic-phase upper-limit temperature, nematic-phase stability at a low temperature, and ?1, and the image sticking resistance of the display element, and a liquid crystal display element including the liquid crystal composition. Provided are a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy, the liquid crystal composition including one or more compounds represented by General Formula (I), one or more compounds represented by General Formula (II), and the compound represented by Formula (IIIb-1) and a liquid crystal display element including the liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal film includes a liquid crystal mixture with the gel state. The liquid crystal mixture is formed of at least one ?-conjugated polymer gelator and a liquid-crystal unit. The concentration of the at least one ?-conjugated polymer gelator is 0.05-5 wt %. The concentration of the liquid-crystal unit is 95-99.95 wt %. The at least one ?-conjugated polymer gelator is aligned through the liquid-crystal unit and combined together to form a plurality of fibers. The fibers include at least 60% arranged regularly in direction and some of the fibers are linked with one another to form a network structure.

Abstract: A photo-alignment composition includes a compound comprising a repeat unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a solvent. The photo-alignment composition is coated on a first substrate and a second substrate facing the first substrate, thus forming alignment layers. A liquid crystal layer is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The photo-alignment composition includes a compound structure having a high decomposition rate and a functional group capable of a hydrogen bond, which is weaker than a covalent bond. Thus, a hardness of the alignment layer may be improved at a room temperature, and a hydrogen bonding functional group of the photo-alignment composition may be decomposed at a high temperature thus photo-aligning the alignment layer. Therefore, an afterimage of a screen may decrease, and a hardness of the alignment layer may increase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pulverulent coated flame retardant, characterized in that the flame retardant is phosphorus-containing and/or nitrogen-containing flame retardant and silazanes and/or silazane/organosiloxane mixtures are used as coating agent. The invention also relates to a process for producing such flame retardants and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are the use of fluorine substituted olefins, including tetra- and penta-fluoropropenes, in a variety of applications, including in methods of depositing catalyst on a solid support, methods of sterilizing articles, cleaning methods and compositions, methods of applying medicaments, fire extinguishing/suppression compositions and methods, flavor formulations, fragrance formulations and inflating agents.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for pyrolyzing hydro carbonaceous materials to produce useful vapor and solid products comprising a generally cylindrical, linear reactor having a screw means for transporting hydro carbonaceous materials through said reactor, means for feeding and heating said hydro carbonaceous materials whereby they are processed and pyrolyzed to produce vapor and solid products; means for removing vapor products from said processed hydro carbonaceous materials, means for removing solid products, means whereby said hydrocarbonaceous material is maintained within a zone for a range of defined residence times, means for rotating said screw, which has a plurality of flight configurations for compressing, and for melting said hydro carbonaceous materials to convert them from a solid to a liquid, for mixing, destabilizing and dehalogenating said hydro carbonaceous materials, for pyrolyzing said hydro carbonaceous materials, for devolatilizing the pyrolyzed hydrocarbonaceous materials, and for discharging so

Abstract: A system for pyrolysis of a biomass including a furnace and a reactor. The furnace includes a combustion chamber. The furnace configured for generating thermal energy from combustion within the combustion chamber and supplying the thermal energy to at least one operation within a biomass facility. The reactor may include a pyrolysis chamber. The pyrolysis chamber configured to house a preprocessed biomass feedstock therein. The pyrolysis chamber may be positioned at least partially within the combustion chamber of the furnace such that the preprocessed biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed by the thermal energy within the combustion chamber of the furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for cleaning a filling hole frame located at the upper end of a filling shaft in the cover of a coke oven chamber. The device comprises a support and a cleaning head that is rotatably mounted on said support and that can be rotatably driven. The cleaning head has at least one cleaning tool for mechanically cleaning the filling hole frame. According to the invention, a blower system comprising at least one blower nozzle is located on the device, a gas stream that points into the filling shaft emanating from said nozzle.

Abstract: A process for treating a waste feedstock using a gasifier and the gasifier for same. Hot exhaust from an engine travels through a series of hollow heating plates stacked vertically within a gasifier reactor with spaces between each set of successive heating plates forming reaction zones. Each reaction zone is divided into an upper treatment area and a lower treatment area by a rotating disk. Waste material travels from an outer feed spot along the top surface of the rotating disk radially inwardly to a drop area located at the radially innermost portion where it drops to the top surface of the hollow heating plate below. The waste material is then conveyed radially outward to a chute to the next reaction zone or once fully processed to an exit from the reactor. Vapors from the waste material are drawn off each reaction zone through an outlet for further processing.

Abstract: The present technology relates to an apparatus for effectively collecting kerogen contained in oil shale in a form of intermediate oil using an alternate operating scheme, and a collecting method using the same.

Abstract: A composition and method for displacing, dissolving, extracting, recovering, and/or removing solvent and/or any solvent-associated liquids from a solvent-treated material or penetrating through pores or the surface of a solvent-treated material using a solvent-extracting composition for contacting solvent-treated material and separating the solvent and any solvent-associated liquids from the solvent-treated material as well as the solvent-extracting composition.

Abstract: Processes for making a catalytic system and catalytic systems for converting solid biomass into fuel of specialty chemical products are described. The catalyst system may comprise a non-zeolitic matrix and an in situ grown zeolite, such as MFI-type zeolite, with a meso-micro hierarchical pore structure. In some embodiments, the non-zeolitic matrix has a meso-macro hierarchical pore structure.

Abstract: A process for converting triacylglycerides-containing oils into crude oil precursors and/or distillate hydrocarbon fuels is disclosed. The process may include: reacting a triacylglycerides-containing oil-water-hydrogen mixture at a temperature in the range from about 250° C. to about 525° C. and a pressure greater than about 75 bar to convert at least a portion of the triacylglycerides and recovering a reaction effluent comprising water and one or more of isoolefins, isoparaffins, cycloolefins, cycloparaffins, and aromatics; hydrotreating the reaction effluent to form a hydrotreated effluent.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, supported catalysts, and a method of preparing and using the catalysts for the demetallation of metal-containing heavy oil feedstocks are disclosed. The catalyst supports comprise alumina and 5 wt % or less titania. Catalyst prepared from the supports have at least 30 to 80 volume percent of its pore volume in pores having a diameter of between 200 and 500 angstroms. Catalysts in accordance with the invention exhibit improved catalytic activity and stability to remove metals from heavy feedstocks during a hydroconversion process. The catalysts also exhibit increased sulfur and MCR conversion.

Abstract: Methods and system for obtaining long chain carbons that generally include forming a conversion mixture of an alcohol and a base, adding the conversion mixture to oil (such as petroleum based oil, crude oil, used oil, used motor oil, and new motor oil) to form a reaction mixture, adding a high nitrate compound the reaction mixture, and separating out the long chain carbons for use as an input by other processing such as pharmaceutical and/or additional petro-chemical processing. Additional cooling and/or filtering processes may be utilized to complete and/or optimize oil conversion.

Abstract: A compound useful for reducing fouling in a hydrocarbon refining process is provided. A method for preparing the compound includes hydrohalogenating a polymer having a vinyl chain end to obtain a halogen-containing terminal group, and reacting the terminal group with a polyamine. Methods of using the compound and compositions thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Technologies are presented for reducing corrosion M supercritical water gasification through seeded sacrificial metal particles. The metal panicles may be seeded into one or more material input streams through high pressure injection. Once distributed in the SCWG reactor, the metal particles may corrode preferentially to the metal SCWG reactor walls and convert into metal oxides that precipitate out above the supercritical point of water. The precipitated metal oxides may then be collected downstream of the SCWG reactor to be reprocessed back into seed metal at a smelter. The seeded metal particles may complete a process material cycle with limited net additional waste.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed toward a coaxial gasifier for enhanced hydrogen production, comprising: downdraft gasifier comprising a hot zone for converting biomass to synthesis gas; and a coaxial gas converter disposed within the downdraft gasifier, the coaxial gas converter comprising a biochar inlet valve, a coaxial char tube, and a biochar and ash outlet valve.

Abstract: Biofuel generated from the lipids of oleaginous yeast must conform to industry and regulatory standards for fuel performance and composition. In particular, precise lipid compositions and fuel properties are required for approval of biofuels. Disclosed are genetically modified microorganisms generated from oleaginous yeast that show significant alterations in lipid profile. Also disclosed are methods of producing biofuels and biofuel compositions.

Abstract: PURPOSE: The present invention provides a fuel oil which emits a reduced amount of exhaust gas such as NOX and THC and is used in an internal-combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber which is adapted so that a fuel oil and gas comprising 65% by volume or more of oxygen are subjected to combustion in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A system for producing a gas includes a pressure vessel containing in its interior a feedstock that is oil-based and at least one set of electrodes in which an electric arc is formed between the electrodes. The system includes a mechanism for exposing the feedstock to a plasma of the electric arc thereby converting at least some of the feedstock into a gas. The gas comprises from 50-60% hydrogen, from 9-16% ethane, from 8-12% carbon monoxide, from 5-12% ethylene, from 3-8% methane, from 2-3% other trace gases, and from 1-2% carbon dioxide (all % Vol/Vol).

Abstract: Disclosed is method for removing carbonyl sulphide and/or carbon disulphide from a sour gas stream. The method comprises subjecting the gas stream to simultaneous contact with an absorption liquid, such as an aqueous amine solution, and with a catalyst suitable for hydrolyzing carbonyl sulphide and/or carbon disulphide. To this end, the invention also provides a reactor system wherein both an absorption liquid and a catalyst are present. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst present on or in an absorption column, either coated on the trays of a column with trays, or contained in the packing of a packed column.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for applying a coating to a non-ferrous or ferrous material that includes providing a material, a heat source, an immersion tank, and a drying environment. The material is placed within the heat source and heated to a temperature between the range of between about 204.44° C. to about 537.78° C. (400° F. to about 1000° F.). The material is immersed within an immersion containing a ratio of molybdenum disulfide solution to water of between about 2:1 to about 4:1 at a temperature between about 26.67° C. to about 48.89° C. (about 80° F. to 120° F.), and the material is dried at a temperature between about 51.67° C. to about 98.89° C. (125° F. and 210° F.).