Abstract: A wearable computing device can detect device-raising gestures. For example, onboard motion sensors of the device can detect movement of the device in real time and infer information about the spatial orientation of the device. Based on analysis of signals from the motion sensors, the device can detect a raise gesture, which can be a motion pattern consistent with the user moving the device's display into his line of sight. In response to detecting a raise gesture, the device can activate its display and/or other components. Detection of a raise gesture can occur in stages, and activation of different components can occur at different stages.

Abstract: A system and method for activating and deactivating a device that is capable of performing monitoring functions such as the recording of physical parameters such as heart rate, time exercised, or capable of recording using a video camera, and may be referred to as a Tracker, wherein the system and method enables a user to quickly activate or deactivate a function by simple movement of a signaling device near the Tracker, wherein the Tracker may be toggled on and off whenever the signaling device is moved adjacent to the Tracker, and wherein toggling may be indicated by an audible, visual and/or haptic indicator.

Abstract: Systems and methods for human hand gesture recognition through a training mode and a recognition mode are disclosed. In the training mode, a user can move a handheld device with a hand gesture intended to represent a command. Sensors within the handheld device can record raw data, which can be processed to obtain a set of values corresponding to a set of discrete features, which is stored in a database and associated with the intended command. The process is repeated for various hand gestures representing different commands. In the recognition mode, the user can move the handheld device with a hand gesture. A computer system can compare a set of values corresponding to a set of discrete features derived from the hand gesture with the sets of values stored in the database, select a command with the closest match and displays and/or executes the command.

Abstract: An input device includes an input unit for inputting a predetermined motion image signal, a motion detector for detecting a motion on the basis of the motion image signal inputted into the input unit, a video signal processor for outputting a predetermined video signal, and a controller. The controller controls the video signal processor so that, when a motion detector detects a first motion, the video signal processor outputs a video signal to explain a predetermined second motion to be next detected by the motion detector after the detection of the first motion to a user.

Abstract: A method and system for performing gesture recognition of a vehicle occupant employing a time of flight (TOF) sensor and a computing system in a vehicle. An embodiment of the method of the invention includes the steps of receiving one or more raw frames from the TOF sensor, performing clustering to locate one or more body part clusters of the vehicle occupant, calculating the location of the tip of the hand of the vehicle occupant, determining whether the hand has performed a dynamic or a static gesture, retrieving a command corresponding to one of the determined static or dynamic gestures, and executing the command.

Abstract: A projector comprising: an image acquiring unit acquiring projection images; an identification information acquiring unit acquiring identification information of a target device among source devices that provide the projections images; a projecting unit that generates a composite image collectively including the acquired projection images, and projects the composite image on a projection plane; a position coordinates detecting unit detecting position coordinates of a pointing object that operates on the plane; a detecting unit that detects a projection region of a projection image provided by the target device, by using the acquired identification information; a converting unit that, when the position coordinates of the pointing object is in the projection region of the projection image, converts the position coordinates of the pointing object to operating information on a coordinate system of the target device; and a transmitting unit that transmits the operating information to the target device.

Abstract: Capacitive fingernail systems adapted to fit on a fingernail and for use with a capacitive touchscreen, as well as methods of creating such systems, are disclosed. The capacitive fingernail system may include a conductive base layer secured to the fingernail, a conductive upper layer, and a dielectric medium between the base and upper layers. The capacitive fingernail system stores an amount of charge that is sufficient to permit the fingernail to successfully interact with a capacitive touchscreen. Also disclosed is a fingernail stylus for use with a capacitive touchscreen, having a shaped conductive device that is pre-formed so that it can be secured to a curvature of a fingernail. The shaped conductive surface transfers an effective amount of electrical energy to successfully interact with a capacitive touchscreen. Preferably, the capacitive fingernail systems are sized and shaped to fit unobtrusively on a fingernail without interfering with everyday activity.

Abstract: A display device can make it possible to easily recognize a plurality of indication bodies as a plurality of pointing devices. The display device is provided with a function device having a first interface and a second interface, and stores configuration information assigning the same class to the first interface and the second interface in a storage section. The display device detects a first position indicated by a first indication body to a display surface and a second position indicated by a second indication body to the display surface, assigns first coordinate data representing the first position to the first interface, assigns second coordinate data representing the second position to the second interface, and supplies a host device with the first coordinate data and the second coordinate data.

Abstract: The presentation of interaction sequences to a user on a mobile communications device is disclosed. A first external input corresponding to a triggering of an interaction sequence delivery is received on a first input modality. An overlay is displayed in a graphical user interface in response to receiving the external input. Interaction sequence invocation instructions are displayed within the overlay. A second external input is received on a second input modality different from the first input modality. The second external input is translated to a set of quantified values. An interaction sequence results content is then displayed within the overlay in response to a substantial match between the set of quantified values translated from the received second external input to the set of predefined values corresponding to the interaction sequence invocation instructions.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of controlling a smart device are disclosed. The method includes receiving a key signal of a triggered key that is sent by a control apparatus of the smart device; obtaining image information corresponding to the triggered key of the control apparatus from a pre-stored correspondence relationship between the key and the image information based at least in part on the key signal; determining a matched image from a currently displayed view based at least in part on the image information; and simulating a click event on the matched image. The disclosed method and apparatus solve the problems regarding a touch-screen based application of a mobile terminal failing to support a joystick operation and the need of modification of the code of the application after the application is ported to a smart television system, thus reducing the cost of developing the application.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for associating a pen shaped hand held instrument with a substrate and/or for detecting a switching of the substrate, wherein the hand held instrument, includes at least one pen tip which generates a marking, a shaft, and at least one optical sensor which detects at least a coarse pattern from an identification position in which the pen tip has a distance from the substrate, wherein the at least one optical sensor detects at least the coarse pattern at least in an identification area which includes a portion of the substrate and at least a lateral edge of the substrate and/or at least a portion of a surrounding area of the substrate which surrounding area is directly adjacent to all edges of the substrate. The invention also relates to a pen shaped hand held instrument including at least one pen tip.

Abstract: A touch pen controls a capacitive touch screen and an electronic device. The electronic device includes a first wireless transmission module. The touch pen includes a pen tip, a second wireless transmission module, a G-sensor, and a pressure sensor. The pen tip is interacted with the capacitive touch screen. The second wireless transmission module is in communication with the first wireless transmission module. According to an angle change of the touch pen sensed by the G-sensor, a first control signal is transmitted from the second wireless transmission module to the first wireless transmission module to control the electronic device. According to a pressure exerted on the pen tip and sensed by the pressure sensor, a second control signal is transmitted from the second wireless transmission module to the first wireless transmission module or the capacitive touch screen to control the first wireless transmission module or the capacitive touch screen.

Abstract: A position pointing device includes a pressure detecting part which detects a pressure applied in an axial direction of a core body. The core body includes: a leading end part formed from an elastic material; a pedestal part which is formed from a material harder than the material of the leading end part and is joined to the leading end part; and a core body main body part which is joined to the pedestal part, is smaller than the pedestal part in thickness in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction, and is formed from a hard material. The core body is housed in a casing and is movable in the axial direction, such that the leading end part is exposed via an opening of the casing, and a pressure exerted on the leading end part in the axial direction is transmitted to the pressure detecting part.

Abstract: An apparatus, the apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: differentiate between two or more current possible inputs associated with a particular region of a user interface by dynamically assigning respective probabilities to two or more of the current possible inputs, wherein the dynamic assignment of the probabilities is based on at least one or more of: the time between the two or more current possible inputs and one or more previous inputs in the current view; the current view in which the two or more current possible inputs are received; the two or more current possible inputs being received at an edge region of a display showing the current view; and a specific displayed user interface element associated with the particular region, the particular region being an edge region of a display of

Abstract: An electronic device including a touch sensor and a processing unit is provided. The touch sensor is disposed on or under a display, and generates touch data for a touch detected thereon or therenear when the electronic device is locked with the display in a sleep state. The processing unit determines whether the touch data matches a predetermined signature according to the touch data, and wakes the display from the sleep state and unlocks the electronic device when the touch data matches the predetermined gesture.

Abstract: A touch sensing panel including a substrate, an electrode array, and a plurality of third electrodes is provided. The substrate has an active area and a peripheral area. The electrode array is located at the active area and includes a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes, wherein the second electrodes and the first electrodes are electrically insulated to each other and intersected with each other. The third electrodes area located at different sides of the peripheral area, respectively, and electrically insulated to the electrode array. A touch sensing control unit applied to the touch sensing panel is also provided.

Abstract: An in-cell touch display device. A panel has a plurality of data lines, a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of touch electrodes disposed thereon. A touch driving signal is applied to the plurality of touch electrodes when a driving mode is a touch mode. A data driver drives the plurality of data lines. A gate driver drives the plurality of gate lines. The gate driver sequentially outputs a scanning signal for driving the plurality of gate lines to the plurality of gate lines when the driving mode is a display mode, and outputs a load-free driving signal corresponding to the touch driving signal to at least one gate line when the driving mode is the touch mode. A level shifter generates the load-free driving signal. A multiplexer inputs a scanning voltage or the load-free driving signal to the gate driver depending on the driving mode.

Abstract: A touch system, a touch apparatus and a mobile device are disclosed by the present disclosure. The touch system comprises a touch apparatus and an operational device, wherein the touch apparatus comprises at least one position sensor and a first communication interface, and the operational device comprises a host machine and a second communication interface; the at least one position sensor is configured to sense an overhead touch operation over the at least one position sensor to obtain overhead touch information, and transmit the overhead touch information to the second communication interface of the operational device via the first communication interface so that the host machine of the operational device operates according to the overhead touch information.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a touch circuit, a touch substrate and a touch display device. The touch circuit includes a light sensing module arranged corresponding to a touch area and configured to, when the touch area receives light which meets a first preset condition, transmit a first signal transmitted via a signal input line as a sensing signal to a processor through a first sensing signal transmission line and a second sensing signal transmission line, respectively. The processor determines position information of the touch area based on a first sensing signal transmitted via the first sensing signal transmission line and a second sensing signal transmitted via the second sensing signal transmission line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass sheet having high infrared radiation transmission, intended, in particular, for use in a touch tablet, panel or screen. More specifically, the invention relates to a glass sheet having a composition comprising, concentrations expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the glass: 55-78% SiO2; 0-18% Al2O3; 0-18% B2O3; 5-20% Na2O; 0-15% CaO; 0-10% MgO; 0-10% K2O; 0-5% BaO; 0.002-0.06% total iron (expressed as Fe2O3), and selenium (expressed as Se) varying between 0.001 and 1%.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques and apparatuses enabling a wearable haptic and touch communication device. The techniques enable users to interact with their mobile devices using haptics, both to receive information from their devices and to make selections for their devices. The techniques may also enable users to interact with mobile devices without the aid of visual display or audio output.

Abstract: The adjustment of stimulation signal amplitudes in capacitive touch sensor panels and/or styli to reduce power consumption while preserving satisfactory touch performance is disclosed, in particular in situations where the noise level is not significant and there is excess SNR margin. To accomplish this, one or more metrics can be measured, calculated or otherwise determined to use as a predictor of touch performance, and these metrics can be processed to determine the minimum stimulation voltage required to maintain acceptable touch performance.

Abstract: An in-cell touch panel and a display device are provided. The touch panel includes: an upper substrate and a lower substrate provided opposite to each other, a plurality of self-capacitance electrodes which are disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate and provided in a same layer and insulated from each other, and a touch detection chip configured to determine a touch position by detecting capacitance variation of the self-capacitance electrodes in the touch time-period. Thus, an in-cell touch panel with higher touch accuracy, lower cost, higher productivity and higher transmittance can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of display technology, and particularly to a double-sided touch display device which comprises a touch feedback electrode, a first touch receiving electrode and a second touch receiving electrode, wherein the first touch receiving electrode and the second touch receiving electrode are provided at both sides of the touch feedback electrode, respectively. The double-sided touch display device achieve functions of both double-sided touch and transparent display, and has a simple structure and low production cost.

Abstract: A touch device is disclosed by the present disclosure. The touch device comprises at least one position sensor and a controller connected to the at least one position sensor; the at least one position sensor is disposed in a non-display region of a screen of the touch device to sense an overhead touch operation over the at least one position sensor; and the controller is configured to obtain overhead touch information according to the overhead touch operation so as to operate according to the overhead touch information. In the aforesaid way, the present disclosure allows a touch medium to accomplish a touch operation without the need of touching the screen so as to make the touch operation convenient and quick and to enhance the entertainment in using the product.

Abstract: Provided are (i) a touch panel substrate improved in uniformity of in-plane light transmittance and (ii) an electronic device employing the touch panel substrate. First sensor electrodes (11) are arranged in a first electrode layer (10), and second electrodes are arranged in a second electrode layer. In part of an outer edge of a first sensor electrode (11) which part is arranged side by side with an outer edge of a second electrode when viewed from above, ends of conductor lines (13) of the first sensor electrode (11) have respective wide width parts (40) each of which is wider than the other part of the conductor lines (13) when viewed from above.

Abstract: The touch panel includes a touch detecting region in which a plurality of sensing regions are two-dimensionally arranged on a single substrate, a plurality of first electrodes formed in shapes of predetermined patterns in the plurality of sensing regions, respectively, and sensing a position of a vertical axis of touch applied to the touch detecting region, and a plurality of second electrodes electrically insulated from the first electrodes in the plurality of sensing regions, respectively.

Abstract: A self-capacitive touch device includes a transparent substrate, multiple sensing electrodes and multiple trace lines. The sensing electrodes are alternately disposed on the transparent substrate, and each of the sensing units has a polygonal planar contour having M sides, where M is a positive integer equal to or greater than 4. A side of each of the sensing electrodes corresponds to sides of at least two of the remaining sensing electrodes. The trace lines are electrically connected to the sensing electrodes in a way that a part of segments of the trace lines are disposed in an active region of the self-capacitive touch device.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a display device with a touch detection function includes a display area and a touch detection electrode that includes thin wire segments having first and second ends. Thin wire segments include a thin wire segment extending in a direction different from a pixel arrangement direction in which color regions having the highest human visibility are arranged. The second end is located away from the first end in a direction toward a target position that is distant from the first end in a pixel orthogonal direction by N times of a maximum length of one of the pixels in the pixel orthogonal direction, and in the pixel arrangement direction by M times of a maximum length of one of the pixels in the pixel arrangement direction. Each of N and M is an integer of 2 or larger. N and M are different from each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a touch panel substrate that allows for greater design freedom when designing conductive wire patterns for reducing occurrence of the moiré effect. The touch panel substrate includes: a first electrode layer that includes first conductive wires and second conductive wires; and a second electrode layer that includes third conductive wires and fourth conductive wires. When viewed in a plan view, the first conductive wires and the third conductive wires form first quadrilaterals, and the second conductive wires and the fourth conductive wire form second quadrilaterals. The first quadrilaterals and the second quadrilaterals are not identical to one another.

Abstract: A touch panel may include: a substrate; touch electrodes formed on the substrate as zigzag lines consisting of first unit electrodes disposed to be inclined in one direction with respect to a first axis that is parallel to one side of the substrate and second unit electrodes disposed to be inclined in the other direction with respect to the first axis, the first unit electrodes and second unit electrodes being disposed to alternate each other consecutively in a direction of the first axis; and overcoating layer formed as zigzag lines consisting of first overcoating members disposed to be inclined in a direction intersecting with the first unit electrodes, and second overcoating members disposed to be inclined in a direction intersecting with the second unit electrodes, the first overcoating members and second overcoating members disposed to alternate each other consecutively in the direction of the first axis.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensor-equipped display device includes a display panel, a sensor and a controller. The sensor includes a plurality of detection electrodes. Each of the detection electrodes includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode includes a greater area in a rear part than in a front part in the first direction in the detection electrode. The second electrode includes a greater area in the front part than in the rear part in the first direction in the detection electrode.

Abstract: A touch panel and a display device are disclosed. Either a cell or a cell, which is formed by the intersections of silver fine wires which form either first electrodes or second electrodes, forms parallelogram shapes (preferably rhomboids), having opposite angles wherein intersection angles are obtuse angles and intersection angles are acute angles. The first electrodes and/or the second electrodes have an adhesive (OCA) deployed thereupon, which has a loss coefficient (tan ?) of 0.13 or more at 140° C. and 1 Hz, and a reserve elasticity of 8.9×104 Pa or less at 25° C. and 1 Hz.

Abstract: A display control device includes: detection means that detects an inclination and movement amount of the display control device; and control means that switches a display direction of an image according to the inclination if the movement amount satisfies a predetermined condition, and maintains the display direction of the image irrespective of the inclination if the movement amount does not satisfy the predetermined condition.

Abstract: Management of user-generated game play advice is disclosed. The present invention allows for management of game play advice that is complete and up-to-date regardless of when a particular interactive gaming title is released. Game play advice is pervasive and easily accessible to game players in addition to being accurate and credible such that game players can trust or rely upon the rendered advice.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an array substrate and a manufacturing method thereof and a touch display device. The array substrate comprises multiple data lines, multiple gate lines and multiple thin film transistors. The data lines and the gate lines intersect with each other in different planes to divide the array substrate into multiple pixel units, in each of which a thin film transistor is provided, wherein the array substrate further comprises multiple first touch sensing electrodes and multiple second touch sensing electrodes. The first touch sensing electrodes are provided below active regions of the thin film transistors and also serve as metal shielding layers for blocking light emitted by a backlight source. The first touch sensing electrodes and the second touch sensing electrodes intersect with each other in different planes, and capacitances are formed at intersections of the first touch sensing electrodes and the second touch sensing electrodes.

Abstract: A touch display device includes a transparent substrate, a first ink layer, a shading layer, and a decorative layer. The transparent substrate has a visible region and an non-visible region. The non-visible region is located at the peripheral of the visible region. The first ink layer is disposed on the non-visible region of the transparent substrate. The shading layer is disposed on the first ink layer. The decorative layer is disposed on a portion of the first ink layer and located between the first ink layer and the shading layer. The optical density of the first ink layer is between 0.3 and 0.67.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention disclose a conversion method for key operations on anon-touch screen terminal unit, comprising: detecting a click action on a target key on the terminal unit, and acquiring the ID information of the target key; searching position information corresponding to the ID information in a preset profile according to the ID information; and, generating a touch screen event at the position indicated by the position information on the display screen of the terminal unit. With the present invention, application programs developed for touch screens can run on non-touch screen terminal units compatibly, and thereby the compatibility of the terminal units is improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of display technology, and provides a touch display device and its driving method, so as to increase the time spent for scanning a touch signal. In the method for driving the touch display device, the touch display device comprises n display regions, each of which corresponding to a plurality of rows of pixels, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The method comprises the step of: during a progressive scanning procedure, scanning one of the n display regions and outputting a display signal to the scanned display region, and at the same time inputting a touch signal to the remaining n?1 display regions that are not scanned.

Abstract: Provided herein are a method, apparatus and computer program product for interpreting user input and mitigating erroneous inputs on a device. In particular, methods may include receiving an indication of a first touch event, determining, by a touch mediation function, if the first touch event is an erroneous touch event, causing the first touch event to be sent to an application in response to the touch mediation function determining that the touch event is not erroneous; and causing the first touch event to not be sent to the application in response to the touch mediation function determining that the first touch event is erroneous. The first touch event may occur proximate a first capture area for the user interface and the method may further include causing the first capture area for the user interface to be adjusted in response to the first touch event.

Abstract: A method for increasing a signal to noise ratio of a capacitive touch device and a capacitive touch device and a touch panel using the same are provided. The capacitive touch device includes a first sensing electrode, a second sensing electrode, a touch detector, a resonant inductor and a detection signal output circuit. An output terminal of the detection signal output circuit outputs a detection signal, such that the resonant inductor and an equivalent capacitor of the first sensing electrode are resonant, and the first sensing electrode receives a resonant sinusoidal wave. When an electric field signal detected by the detecting terminal of the touch detector is smaller than a preset value, it is determined that the capacitive touch device is touched.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mobile terminal which is capable of executing applications and a control method thereof. The mobile terminal includes a user input unit that receives setting of at least one mode and at least one application executable n each mode, a display unit that outputs first screen information corresponding to a first application executable in a selected first mode, and a controller that controls the display unit such that the first screen information is converted into second screen information corresponding to a second application executable in the first mode, in response to a control command for an application conversion which is input in the first mode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a mobile terminal for classifying a touch type according to a finger portion brought into contact with the touch screen to perform a different function and a control method thereof, and the mobile terminal may include a touch screen, a sensing unit configured to sense a touch input applied to the touch screen, and a controller configured to control at least one of executable functions in the terminal when a touch input corresponding to a preset scheme is applied to the touch screen, wherein the controller executes a first function when the touch input corresponding to the preset scheme is applied with a fingertip, and executes a second function different from the first function when applied with a nail.

Abstract: A display device configured to be connected to an information terminal, includes: a video reception unit that receives video information about a screen including a cursor from the information terminal; a touch panel that brings up the screen on display based on the video information received by the video reception unit and detects a touch position specified by a touch operation; and a transmission unit that transmits operation information in correspondence to the touch operation to the information terminal. The transmission unit transmits the operation information in a delay when the touch operation is performed continuously.

Abstract: A touch input method, a terminal contacting a first body part, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and a chipset are provided. The touch input method includes receiving, by a terminal contacting a first body part, a touch input applied by a second body part; measuring a distance between the terminal and the second body part; sensing, by the terminal, whether the second body part contacts the first body part; and determining input information for controlling the terminal, based on the measured distance between the terminal and the second body part and changed information of an electrical signal transmitted from the terminal to the first body part.

Abstract: Method for detecting touches on a multi-touch interface comprising of receiving information relating to a first touch and information relating to one or more other touches through a touch-based display. The method further comprising performing a touch analysis, the analysis being a comparison of the first touch as compared to the one or more other touches in order to determine a writing touch and one or more non-writing touches. The analysis including an influence score component for performing a distance based comparison of the first touch to the one or more other touches, the comparison determining an influence score between the first touch and each of the one or more other touches. The analysis also including an impact score component for determining an impact score for each touch, the impact score based on the one or more influence scores between the first touch and the one or more other touches.

Abstract: Error compensation of a touch sensing signal is provided. A touch screen can include a drive region that can be driven by a drive signal, and a sense region that can output a sense signal that includes information of a first amount of touch on or near the touch screen and information of a first amount of error. The first amount of touch can be based on the drive signal. The touch screen can include a compensation sensor that can output a compensation signal that includes information of a second amount of error, and an error compensator that can compensate for the first amount of error in the sense signal based on the second amount of error.

Abstract: An optical touch-control system is provided. The optical touch-control system includes: a display unit; a light source; a retro-reflective touch-control device; at least two image capturing units, and a processor. The image capturing units are configured to capture a plurality of images in front of the display unit, which are generated by the retro-reflective touch-control device reflecting the light emitted from the light source. The processor determines whether at least one first cluster is in the images from the image capturing units based on a first threshold. The processor further calculates a touch position of the retro-reflective touch-control device on the display unit based on the at least one first cluster.

Abstract: The invention relates to wearable devices for sensing gestures. A watch, which is a wearable device, includes an ultrasonic system that has an ultrasonic transducer and one or more sensors and measures the location of a finger on the back of the user's hand. Using the ultrasonic system, it is possible to use the back of the hand as an extension to the screen display of the watch. The watch can be used as a motion detector and interface with various types of mobile devices, such as computerized eyeglass. The watch can also function as a generic input mechanism for various types of devices, such as tablet, TV, or laptop computer, where these devices are coupled to the watch via a suitable communication system, such as Bluetooth® interconnection system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass sheet having high infrared radiation transmission, intended, in particular, for use in a touch tablet, panel or screen. More specifically, the invention relates to a glass sheet having a composition comprising, concentrations expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the glass: 55-78% SiO2; 0-18% Al2O3; 0-18% B2O3; 5-20% Na2O; 0-15% CaO; 0-10% MgO; 0-10% K2O; 0-5% BaO; 0.002-0.06% total iron (expressed as Fe2O3), and cobalt (expressed as CoO) varying between 0.001 and 1%.