Abstract: The use of nanoparticles, including surface-modified silica and calcite nanoparticles, as processing aides for pultrusion is described. The methods include combining a resin system containing a resin and the nanoparticles with continuous fibers, pultruding this combination, and at least partially curing the resin. The methods are suitable for use with a wide variety of resins and fibers, and may be used to reduce the pull-force at a fixed fiber volume loading, increase the fiber volume loading, or both. Pultruded parts made by these methods and pultruded parts with high volume loadings of fibers are also described.

Abstract: [Object] Provided is an insert member which can simplify the work for imparting magnetism. [Solution] An insert member, such as a reinforcing fabric 1, is integrated with a pad body 52 made of expanded synthetic resin and usable for seats mounted on automobiles, boats, ships, aircraft, and other vehicles, furniture chairs, and the like. A magnetic layer 5 formed on the surface of the insert member is a cured form of an adhesive mixed with ferromagnetic powder of a metal, such as iron or nickel, or a metal oxide, such as ferrite. Therefore, the work for imparting magnetism to the insert member can be simplified.

Abstract: A film manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a film having excellent dimensional stability to heat at a good product yield and performing a stress relaxation treatment of the film include performing the stress relaxation treatment while conveying the film in a non-contact state using a levitation conveyance device for jetting a heated gas from gas injection holes to the film and conveying the film in a non-contact state. The film manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus are particularly suitable for stress relaxation treatment of a polyimide film obtained by heat-treating a polyimide film precursor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for straightening filaments. The apparatus includes a transport device for transporting filaments; a heating device including a heating channel forming a transport path for the filaments; and a cooling device arranged downstream of the heating device in a direction of transport, including a cooling channel that continues the transport path for the filaments. Cross-sectional areas of the heating channel and the cooling channel at least partially overlap.

Abstract: A method of repairing a polymeric composite workpiece. The method comprises identifying a localized area of the polymeric composite workpiece having a defect. A plurality of three dimensional interface structures are aligned adjacent at least a portion of the localized area. The method includes applying a polymeric composite patch to the localized area such that the interface structures are disposed between the polymeric composite workpiece and the polymeric composite patch. An alternating electromagnetic field may be introduced to selectively induce localized heating of the interface structures. The localized heating softens regions of the polymeric composite workpiece and the polymeric composite patch adjacent the interface structures, causing the interface structures to penetrate a distance into the respective polymeric composite workpiece and the polymeric composite patch.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to devices and processes for fabricating a multi-component optical system. A device is an integral mold comprising an attachment portion and a cup portion having a cavity, and the mold further comprises a first optical component. The cavity of the mold contains additional optical components to form a multi-component optical system blank. Another device is a multi-component optical system blank. A process for fabricating a multi-component optical system blank comprises providing an integral mold comprising a first optical component, adding at least a second optical component, shaping the mold after addition of an optical component, and shaping the resultant blank into an optical system. A further device is a multi-component optical system produced in a process disclosed herein.

Abstract: A green tyre has a symmetric profile in radial section having a radially outer tread band, two radially inner beads and two sidewalls each extended from one edge of the tread band to one of the beads. During a moulding and vulcanisation treatment of the green tyre, a movement is imposed to the tread band with respect to the beads along a direction parallel to a rotation axis of the tyre, to obtain a moulded and vulcanised tyre having an asymmetric profile in radial section. A mould for vulcanizing tyres for vehicle wheels is also described, having a tread wall axially asymmetric with respect to a middle line plane of the mould.

Abstract: A molding element for a tire mold manufactured from a metallic powder fused together layer by layer. The molding element contains a first surface intended to mold all or part of a tread surface of the tire and a second surface opposite to the first surface and intended to be in contact with another part of the mold. The thickness (E) of the molding element is between 1 and 6 millimetres. The molding element overall has a density greater than or equal to 98%. The molding element also contains at least one first porous area extending into the thickness of this molding element, this first porous area having a plurality of pores allowing air to pass between the first surface of the molding element and the second surface thereof.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for forming a retreaded tire. Steps include providing an annular tire carcass and providing a plurality of tread components each comprising an independent structure, which are assembled to form an assembled tire tread. The tread is subsequently bonded to the tire carcass to form a retreaded tire, the tire tread being arranged along an outer circumference of the annular tire carcass with a bonding layer between the tire tread and the tire carcass, the bonding layer comprising an uncured elastomeric material being cured during the step of bonding. The tire tread is assembled such that a bottom side of the tire tread is in removable attachment atop a base retention structure for subsequent application to the tire carcass.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for creating a foamed part. An example method includes providing a polymer processing system, providing a mold having at least one expandable mold cavity in fluid communication with the polymer processing system, mixing polymeric material and blowing agent within the polymer processing system to produce a unfoamed mixture, injecting a volume of the mixture of polymeric material and blowing agent from the polymer processing system and into the expandable mold cavity, and expanding the mold cavity to expand the unfoamed mixture within the mold cavity and form a foamed preform. Thereafter, the foamed preform may be inserted into a compression mold to press-form the foamed preform into a finished part.

Abstract: Provided is a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) device (1) that can efficiently cool a hot zone during HIP processing while restraining temperatures in the lower part of a high-pressure container. This HIP device (1) is provided with the following: gas-impermeable casings (3, 4) that surround an object to be processed (W); a heating unit (7) that is disposed inside these casings and forms a hot zone around the object to be processed (W); a high-pressure container (2); and a cooling unit that guides a pressure-medium gas cooled on the outside of the casings into the hot zone to cool the hot zone. The cooling unit comprises the following: a gas introduction unit that introduces the pressure-medium gas that has been cooled on the outside of the casings (3, 4) into the hot zone; and a cooling promotion unit (37) that cools the pressure medium gas by causing the pressure-medium gas that has been cooled on the outside of the casings to exchange heat with a base (11) of the high-pressure container (2).

Abstract: A three dimensional folded structure, for use in lightweight design and lightweight construction, is folded at regular intervals and cannot be folded flat. The folded structure substantially extends in two directions and includes a small number of folded ply sheets. Each of the ply sheets is formed by an originally planar blank of an initially flat material lying in a zero plane and includes fold lines and polygonal holes disposed at regular distances. Each of the ply sheets is subdivided into a plurality of segments, each in the form of a polygonal planar entity that is, except at a border of the ply sheet, delimited by the fold lines and the border-edge-sections of a respective polygonal hole. Each ply sheet is folded up in two directions. During folding, the holes close into slits. Each slit of one ply-sheet is completely bridged by the other ply-sheet.

Abstract: An apparatus for the fabrication of mechanically stable, planar rectangular or quadratic plates or bent plates from comigated cardboard at an industrial scale with minimum waste and dust. generation.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a device for inflating and cutting a material web. The device can include a web advancement mechanism to advance a material web in a longitudinal path, an inflation mechanism for inserting a fluid into the material web to create one or more inflated pillows, a fluid inlet for providing the fluid to the inflation mechanism and one or more fluid outlets positioned to inflate the pillow or guide an inflation channel of the web over the nozzle.

Abstract: A composite structure is provided. The composite structure includes a plurality of components coupled together forming a joint, wherein the plurality of components are oriented such that a gap is defined at least partially therebetween. A filler structure is positioned in the gap, and the filler structure includes a closed cell foam core.

Abstract: A panel assembly including a panel having an outer show surface and an inner surface and at least one micro-truss reinforcement patch secured to the inner surface of the panel. The micro-truss patch includes a micro-truss structure having cured and interconnected.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for creating multi-layered lightly-laminated provide films with increased or maintained strength. An increased level of strength is achieved by bonding adjacent layers of the multi-layer film together in a manner that the bond strength of the laminated layers is less than a strength of a weakest tear resistance of the individual first and second film layers. The inventors have surprisingly found that such a configuration of light bonding provides increased and unexpected strength properties to the multi-layer film as compared to a monolayer film of equal thickness or a multi-layer film in which the plurality of layers are tightly bonded together.

Abstract: A light weight flexible flame, arc flash and flash fire resistant fabric for protective garments is made from a flexible polyvinylchloride sheet having phthalate or phthalate free plasticizers coated with well defined parallel lines or grids of adhesive layer. The adhesive coated polyvinylchloride sheet contacts a non-woven meta-aramid fiber liner and is heated to produce a bond between the polyvinylchloride sheet and the liner. Both polyvinylchloride sheet and meta-aramid non-woven liner resist heat. When heat from arc flash or flash fire is applied, the heat is conducted away at local contacting regions of the adhesive with the polyvinylchloride sheet to the liner whereby the temperature of the polyvinylchloride is locally reduced preventing sagging, charring or burning of the space between adhesive contacting regions. This structure produces mechanically strong lightweight arc flash and flash fire resistant fabric suited for producing garments that meet all ASTM specifications for fireproof garments.

Abstract: A nonwoven industrial fabric comprising a first layer secured to a second layer, with each layer comprising a plurality of flow-through apertures and profiling protrusions, wherein: a) at least a portion of the flow-through apertures of the first layer is aligned with at least a portion of the flow-through apertures of the second layer; b) the first layer comprises a plurality of securing protrusions integral to the first layer; c) the second layer comprises a plurality of detents integral to the second layer; and d) the first layer is secured to the second layer by a plurality of locking pairs, each locking pair comprising a securing protrusion lockably engaged with a detent. A method of making the nonwoven industrial fabric is also described.

Abstract: A non-rigid composite sheet comprising in order (i) a first component comprising a first fabric of continuous filament yarns having a tenacity of at least 11 g/dtex and a first polymeric layer, (ii) a second component comprising at least one second fabric of continuous filament glass yarns, the second fabric being adjacent to the first fabric of the first component, and (iii) a third component comprising a second polymeric layer.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for providing do-it-yourself protection from environmental forces to at least a portion of a structure are provided. The device can include a woven fabric having at least one edge with opposing first and second sides and a reinforcing fabric having a first portion and a second portion, at least the first portion being attached to a portion of the woven fabric at the at least one edge to form at least one reinforced portion, the device being afixable to the structure by at least one anchor extending through the reinforced portion into the structure, the at least one reinforced portion providing tear-resistance at the location of the anchor extending therethrough.

Abstract: An elastic feather product includes a plurality of elastic fabric layers, a plurality of elastic film layers respectively attached to an combined with the elastic fabric layers, a plurality of combination sections formed by combining localized areas of the elastic film layers in a gap-free and void-free manner, a receiving space delimited between and surrounded by the elastic fabric layers and the elastic film layers, and a stuffing layer fixed in the receiving space. With the elastic film layers attached to the elastic fabric layers to separate them from the stuffing layer and due to the elastic film layers being combined in a gap-free manner by the combination sections, the stuffing layer is fixed without using a sewing line (for the combination sections taking the place of a sewing line or stitching) so as to prevent outwards penetration of feathers of the stuffing layer.

Abstract: A repair element for a formwork board that includes a housing. The repairing element comprising a first member made of thermoplastic material and a second member made of porous material, wherein the second member acts as a support of the first member, the first member being arranged on the second member. The first member has a height that partially projects from the board once the repairing element is fixed in the housing, the first member being suitable for filling a cavity existing between the repairing element and the housing once the repairing element is placed in the housing after being at least partially melted, thus sealing the attachment between the repairing element and the board. Repairing method of the board with the repairing element.

Abstract: A composite sheet material and method for forming the same is provided that includes a substrate, a matrix, and a cover sheet. The substrate has a first face surface, a second face surface, and a plurality of edges, and includes a thermoplastic material. The matrix is attached to the substrate. The matrix includes a support component having a first melting point, and a thermoplastic component having a second melting point. The second melting point is less than the first melting point. The cover sheet imparts one or more surface characteristics to the composite sheet material during thermo-pressure formation of the composite sheet material.

Abstract: A multilayer laminate including a liner, a film, and an adhesive layer between the liner and film layers is described. The laminate includes a first release layer between the film layer and the adhesive layer, and a second release layer between the liner and the adhesive layer. The release characteristics of the two release layers are controlled to thereby enable the film layer, after receiving printed designs and/or text, to be removed from the remaining portion of the laminate, re-oriented, and then re-applied to the remaining portion of the laminate. Related methods associated with reconfiguring the laminate and application to articles or other receiving surfaces are also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to processes for producing ultrasonic sealable film structures and flexible containers with ultrasonic seals. The film structure includes a first multilayer film and a second multilayer film Each multilayer film includes a backing layer and a seal layer. Each seal layer includes an ultrasonic sealable olefin-based polymer (USOP) having the following properties: (a) a heat of melting, ?Hm, less than 130 J/g, (b) a peak melting temperature, Tm, less than 125° C., (c) a storage modulus in shear (G?) from 50 MPa to 500 MPa, and (d) a loss modulus in shear (G?) greater than 10 MPa. The multilayer films are arranged such that the seal layer of the first multilayer film is in contact with the seal layer of the second multilayer film The seal layers form an ultrasonic seal having a seal strength from 30 N/15 mm to 80 N/15 mm when ultrasonically sealed at 4 N/mm seal force.

Abstract: To provide an apparatus such as an image display device with which extrusion of a curing resin from a prescribed place can be prevented and display failure and contamination of surroundings do not occur. A molding member exhibiting liquid repellency is disposed in an outer circumference part of the surface of a cover plate, a light-shielding part, and a base unit to be the laminating surfaces to prevent extrusion of the curing resin used for lamination and to improve generation of display failures and contamination of surroundings which may be caused by assembling failures of the apparatus such as the image display device.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a press-formed article, said method comprising forming a galvanized steel sheet or an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet by hot press forming, wherein, after heating the steel sheet and holding the same, the forming is started at a temperature of 680-750° C. inclusive, while allowing liquid zinc to remain on the surface of the steel sheet, and the forming is performed while regulating the strain rate in a plastic deformation part of the steel sheet to 0.5 sec?1 or lower.

Abstract: A multilayer metallized cast film which includes a first layer which comprises an ethylene-based polymer having a density greater than 0.94 g/cc and a melt index less than or equal to 1.3 g/10 min; and a second layer having an interior surface and an exterior surface and which comprises an ethylene-based polymer having a density greater than 0.94 g/cc and a melt index greater than or equal to 2.0 g/10 min, wherein the exterior surface of the second layer faces away from the first layer, wherein the second layer further comprises a metal and/or metal oxide layer deposited on the exterior surface is provided. Also provided is a packaging comprising the multilayer metallized cast film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bearing substrate used for carrying a flexible film of a flexible display device in the process of manufacturing the flexible display device. The bearing substrate comprises a substrate and a gas generation layer located on the substrate. In the process of manufacturing the flexible display device, the flexible film is located on the gas generation layer, and the material of the gas generation layer can be decomposed to generate gas. Correspondingly, the present invention further provides a manufacturing method of a flexible display device. In the present invention, after display elements on a flexible film have been manufactured, the flexible film can be separated from the substrate; meanwhile, in the present invention, both the stripping manner of flexible film and the separation force of stripping the flexible film from the substrate can be flexibly adjusted.

Abstract: There is provided a thin glass elongated body having a small amount of air bubbles between a thin glass and a resin film. A thin glass elongated body of the present invention includes: a thin glass having an elongated shape; and a resin film bonded onto at least part of the thin glass, wherein the resin film has, in a portion in which the thin glass and the resin film are laminated, a plurality of cutting lines and/or holes each penetrating through the resin film.

Abstract: Laminate covering, in particular tapes and/or wrap-around sheets applied via an auto-wrapping machine, used for the mechanical and corrosion protection of oil, gas and water transmission pipelines. The laminate covering comprises a cross-linked polyolefin outer layer and an inner layer, which may be an adhesive, and has improved mechanical properties when compared to the prior art. The laminate covering may be pre-stretched. Also, a method of applying said laminate covering. The laminate covering can be applied to a pipe in a lower cost, faster application.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a laminated molded body in which a thin fiber reinforced layer is laminated and having a favorable strength characteristic. The laminated molded body (1) includes a laminated portion (a laminated portion of SR1 on an upper side and SR1, for example) in which fiber reinforced layers SR1 to SRn, each having a thickness of 20 to 80 ?m in which a reinforcing fiber material is dispersed in a thermosetting resin material which serves as a matrix, are laminated, and a laminated portion in which a resin layer is laminated between the fiber reinforced layers (a laminated portion of SR2 on the upper side, TP1, and SR3, for example).

Abstract: A carpet pad comprising a cushion comprising an upper surface and a lower surface; and a co-extruded barrier film comprising a first layer and a second layer, wherein the co-extruded film is disposed on the cushion such that the second layer is interposed between the first layer and the upper surface, the film comprises from about 50 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first layer and from about 30 wt % to about 50 wt % of the second layer, the first layer comprises at least about 80 wt % of a polymeric (e.g., resin) material, and the second layer comprises at least about 75 wt % of a polyolefin copolymer material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a card assembly includes extruding a film of a core layer for the card assembly, co-extruding a film of a blocking layer for the card assembly, and bonding the film of the core layer and the film of the blocking layer. The card assembly can be separated from the film of the core layer and the film of the blocking layer that are bonded together. A card assembly includes a core layer having opposite first and second sides, and a blocking layer having opposite first and second surfaces. The second surface of the blocking layer can be bonded to the first side of the core layer such the first surface of the blocking layer is visible. The blocking layer can have a relatively thin thickness, such as no more than two mils (or another dimension), while preventing color of the core layer from being visible through the first surface of the blocking layer.

Abstract: The transfer material includes a temporary support, a release layer, a transfer layer, and a protective film in this order. When the protective film is peeled off from the transfer material, the protective film is peeled off from the transfer layer, and the transfer layer remains on the release layer side. In addition, when the temporary support is peeled off after the transfer layer is transferred to a transfer target substrate which is formed of glass or a film selected from TAC, PET, PC, or COP, the release layer is present on the peeled temporary support side.

Abstract: A composite film comprises a polymer layer comprising polybutylene terephthalate loaded with from about 0.5 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of a pigment, and from about 0.5 wt. % to about 1.5 wt. % of a UV stabilizer, and a fabric substrate layer at least partially embedded in and bonded to the polymer layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for packaging secondary optical element. By coating optical glue on the bottom surface of the secondary optical element and on the substrate and by hardening individually, as well as using the technical characteristics of flipping the substrate and the fixture, the secondary optical element can fall naturally and be positioned above an optoelectric device such as a solar cell or a light-emitting diode. No additional fastener is required for supporting the secondary optical element.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a composite material with a fabric grain effect includes: providing a layer-built body, wherein the layer-built body at least includes a base layer, an adhesive layer and a coating layer, the base layer has a fabric grain structure, the adhesive layer is disposed on the base layer, and the coating layer is disposed on the adhesive layer; preheating the layer-built body to soften the coating layer and the adhesive layer; and performing an air exhausting step for the layer-built body to enable the coating layer and the adhesive layer attached to the fabric grain structure of the base layer, thereby forming the composite material. By this way, the composite material can have prominent fabric grain effect, soft feel and a peeling strength greater than 2 kg/cm2, and can also achieve high physical properties of no separation or fracture under a buckling condition greater than 100000.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates a method for enclosing a panel edge comprising forming a panel structure having at least one edge, applying a reformable epoxy resin material onto the at least one edge, and contacting the reformable epoxy resin material within about 10 minutes, or even about 5 minutes of applying the reformable epoxy resin material such that the reformable epoxy resin material is below its glass transition temperature and dry to the touch upon contact.

Abstract: A process for reinforcing a trim panel for a vehicle using one or more micro-truss reinforcement patches. Each micro-truss reinforcement patch is secured to an inner surface of a show surface panel of the trim panel while it is in a partially cured state and then fully cured. The micro-truss patch is fusion bonded to the panel.

Abstract: An object can be formed in an additive manufacturing process, such as FDM, by providing a substrate having at least a surface that is made of a first material, and forming one or more layers of a second material on the surface of the substrate, wherein a Hildebrand solubility parameter of the second material is within about 5% of a Hildebrand solubility parameter of the first material. In this manner, the object part formed by the one or more layers of the second material may be incorporated into the object. In an example, the object includes a first portion comprised of the one or more layers of the second material and a second portion comprised of the substrate, the first portion having a first haze value and the second portion having a second haze value, wherein a percent difference between the first haze value and the second haze value is equal to or greater than about 165%.

Abstract: There is described a sheet-fed rotary printing press (100; 200; 300) for the production of banknotes and like securities comprising at least one printing form cylinder (115, 125; 215; 315, 325) having one or more segments. A nominal diameter (D) of the at least one printing form cylinder (115, 125; 215; 315, 325) substantially corresponds to an integer multiple of a reference diameter of a one-segment cylinder (103a; 103c; . . . ) as used for printing onto super-format sheets exhibiting a standardized format with a width of the order of 820 mm and a length of the order of 700 mm.

Abstract: A workpiece referencing system and method, the system having a workpiece support assembly for supporting a plurality of workpieces, wherein the support assembly includes a support platform and a plurality of support members which are disposed to the support platform, each support member being configured to support an individual workpiece; and a workpiece referencing assembly for referencing the workpieces, as supported by the support assembly, to predetermined positions; wherein the support members each includes a body which includes a support surface which supports a workpiece and a resilient coupling which resiliently couples at least an upper part of the body relative to the support platform, such that the at least part of the body is displaceable relative to the support platform from a first, unbiased position to a second, biased reference position by operation of the referencing assembly, and, when released, the at least part of the body returns to the first, unbiased position.

Abstract: A system or machine is disclosed which takes pre-stretched emulsion coated screens, digitally prints thereon and exposes them before further processing and use in a screen printing machine.

Abstract: A method to control a printer carriage in which the printer carriage is controlled to move along a first axis at a first predetermined speed when a printhead, installed on the printer carriage, is ejecting printing fluid in a print zone. The printer carriage is moveable bidirectionally along the first axis in swaths to enable the printhead to print in the print zone. The printer carriage is also controlled to move along the first axis at a second predetermined speed, higher than the first predetermined speed, when the printhead is not ejecting printing fluid in the print zone.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ink jet head includes: a plurality of nozzles that eject ink drops; an image storage unit that stores image data; an adjustment storage unit that stores adjustment data which is set for each nozzle in order to uniformly correct variations in ink drops ejected from a plurality of nozzles; and a setting storage unit that stores setting data for changing an adjustment range using the adjustment data. The inkjet head converts the adjustment data into adjustment effective data which is obtained by changing the adjustment range using the adjustment data on the basis of the setting data. The ink jet head generates a driving pulse waveform which is obtained by adjusting a reference pulse waveform of a driving pulse signal by using the adjustment effective data on the basis of the image data for each nozzle.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head substrate is provided. The liquid discharge head substrate includes a discharge unit including a discharge element configured to generate energy for discharging a liquid from an orifice and a discharge control circuit configured to control the discharge element, and a first voltage generation circuit configured to supply, to the discharge control circuit, a first driving voltage for driving the discharge control circuit. The discharge unit includes a first node having a voltage correlated with a voltage to be supplied to the discharge element. The first voltage generation circuit controls the first driving voltage based on a comparison result of the voltage of the first node and a first reference voltage supplied from outside of the liquid discharge head substrate.

Abstract: The degree of thickening of ink for each of nozzles based on dot pattern data is calculated based on a thickening value Z (n+1)=Z (n)×a×bss×bmm×bll, and information the dot pattern data corresponding to the nozzle, which indicates that small dots are formed in when the thickening value is equal to or greater than a threshold is replaced with information indicating that middle dots which are larger than the small dots are formed. On the other hand, in a case where the thickening value is returned to be smaller than the threshold (a previous state) when after the thickening value becomes equal to or greater than the threshold, information of the dot pattern data corresponding to the nozzle, which indicates that the small dots are formed is maintained as it is without being replaced.

Abstract: A capacitive load drive circuit, which may be embodied in a printer, includes capacitive elements; a first circuit substrate, on which is installed a control signal supply unit that generates control signals; a second circuit substrate, on which is installed a circuit that charges or discharges the capacitive elements according to the control signals; and a flexible flat cable, on which is formed wirings including control wiring, which transmits the control signals from the first to the second circuit substrate, and a wiring, which supplies power supply and ground voltages to the second circuit substrate. A total path length of the wirings between the first and second circuit substrates is shorter than the total path length of the wiring between the second circuit substrate and each of the capacitive elements.