Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing highly dimensionally accurate half-shells from a tailored blank, wherein, in a first die, with optional use of at least one hold-down means, the half-shell is subjected to pre-shaping by deep drawing, wherein the first die has at least one punch, a die base, a die rest surface and a jacket region, and wherein the pre-shaped half-shell is subsequently subjected to final shaping in a second die, in particular in a calibration tool.

Abstract: Apparatus configured to deform a tubular work piece having a longitudinal axis, the apparatus comprising a support for supporting a tubular work piece to be deformed; rotation means for rotating the tubular work piece about its longitudinal axis; a nozzle for directing a stream of pressurised fluid at the tubular work piece in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tubular work piece; and means for moving one or both of the tubular work piece and the nozzle relative to one another such that the stream of pressurised fluid can be aimed at a plurality of locations along the tubular work piece; wherein the pressure of the fluid directed at the tubular work piece is great enough to cause deformation of the tubular work piece, but not so great that cutting of the tubular work piece can occur.

Abstract: A device and a method for shaping sheared edges on stamped or fine-blanked parts having a burr include at least one cutting stage and at least one forming stage. The forming stage includes a shaping punch which has a shaping region for smoothing the sheared edge of the outer or inner contour of the workpiece to the net shape and an embossing shoulder for mashing the burr of the outer or inner contour. The shaping punch is configured so that the shaping region initially bends the burr on the outer or inner contour away from the sheared edge, then seizes the sheared edge for widening, wherein the embossing shoulder of the shaping punch mashes the burr on the outer or inner contour when the widening on the workpiece has ended and flattens the embossing bead, created during mashing, during separating of the shaping punch from the workpiece.

Abstract: Machine tools for processing plate-like workpieces by punching include a punching tool including a punch and a punching die, a drive unit for moving the punch and the punching die relative to each other along a stroke axis for cutting a workpiece part free from a plate-like workpiece, a hold-down device that is movable along the stroke axis and that includes a stripper that contacts an upper surface of the plate-like workpiece while the plate-like workpiece is punched through by the punch, a detection device for detecting a reference position of the hold-down device along the stroke axis, wherein the stripper contacts the upper surface of the workpiece at the reference position, and a numerical control unit for positioning the stripper at a particular distance from the reference position such that a workpiece part that has been cut off can be moved away from a processing region.

Abstract: A wire forming apparatus comprises a first rack moveable relative to a second rack in a first direction. Multiple forming structures are provided on the first rack and the second rack. The plurality of forming structures include a first plurality of forming structures configured to move relative to the first rack in a second direction, and a second plurality of forming structures configured to move relative to the second rack in the second direction. A plurality of are actuators are configured to move the first rack relative to the second rack, move the first plurality of forming structures relative to first rack, and move the second plurality of forming structures relative to the second rack.

Abstract: A method and system for installing rivets is disclosed. The method involves positioning a rivet through a structure to be joined. The method further involves positioning a first rivet gun on a first side of the rivet and positioning a second rivet gun on a second side of the rivet. The method also involves synchronizing firing of the first and second rivet guns, so as to cancel forces that otherwise would propagate into the structure during installation of the rivet.

Abstract: A compensating device for a tool for fitting an element into a hole of a workpiece, the tool mounted axially on a housing by the compensating device, the compensating device having a clamping arrangement arranged between the tool and the housing and including at least two controllable clamping units. The clamping units are operable in an initial state to secure the tool rigidly to the housing, and in a compensating state to set different degrees of freedom defining possibilities of movement of the tool, and the compensating device also includes a control unit which is designed to activate the clamping units.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a method for net shape forging of a large rotor shaft that includes a reduced central cylindrical section and integrally forged segments along the longitudinal length thereof. In an embodiment, the net shaped forging is produced by sequentially pressing the work piece such that a near net shaped forging of the machined work piece is produced, including upset geometries such as eccentric or concentric disks. This permits a reduction in waste material (e.g., due to the machining process) and improves the strength of the upset geometries. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: A camshaft-manufacturing method includes: a split die group preparation step; a processing preparation step of preparing a cam including a through-hole, a cam body which is smaller than each of the cam accommodation portions, and ribs which are provided on both sides in a thickness direction of the cam body and configured to be fitted into the rib accommodation portions, and a hollow shaft, accommodating the cam body in the cam accommodation portion and fitting the ribs in the rib accommodation portion, and inserting the hollow shaft into the through-hole of the cam; and a processing step of performing hydroform processing, and fixing the cam to the hollow shaft by expanding the hollow shaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of monocrystalline casting, and in particular to a mold (1) for monocristalline casting comprising at least a molding cavity (7), a starter cavity (10) having at least a first volume (10a) in the form of an upside-down funnel, and a distinct second volume (10b) forming a plinth at the bottom of the first volume and projecting perceptibly relative to said first volume in at least one horizontal direction, a selector channel (9) connecting said starter cavity (10) to said molding cavity (7), and a support rod (20) that is laterally offset relative to said selector channel, and that connects the second volume (10b) of the starter cavity (10) to the molding cavity (7). The invention also provides a casting method using such a mold (1).

Abstract: A mold-making device may include a stirring device including a stirring tank and at least one stirring blade. The stirring device may further include a packing port that is configured to open and close on a bottom of the stirring tank. The stirring device may stir a particulate aggregate and at least one additive by rotating the at least one stirring blade within the stirring tank to yield an admixture. A forming mold may communicate with the packing port and mold the admixture into a predetermined shape. A packing device may compress a surface of the admixture within the stirring tank and pack the admixture into the forming mold via the packing port.

Abstract: A furnace assembly for dewaxing investment casting molds includes a housing having a top and a bottom and sides and extends along an axis to define a cavity. A plurality of tiles are supported in a spaced relationship with the bottom of the housing and define a pair of lower chambers for directing the wax vapors out of the cavity. A plurality of trays having apertures are supported by the tiles for moving molds through the housing. Chimneys connect to the lower chambers and a passageway is defined by the tiles for evacuating the wax and wax vapors from the cavity to the lower chambers and out through the chimneys. A pair of lower burners extends into the lower chambers for igniting wax vapors in said lower chambers. The heat from the lower chambers radiantly heats up portions of the furnace assembly that are disposed above the lower chambers.

Abstract: Apparatus and Process for delivering molten steel to a continuous casting mold with high inclusion removal capability and high mold pool flow optimization potential includes a tundish with a novel design and a metal distributor comprising a main chamber body connected to a vacuum device and tubes for metal exchange between the tundish, the distributor and the casting mold. At least one of the tubes has gas injection devices to perform gas lifting functions. The new design of the tundish enables it to receive all the steel in a ladle without leaving any heel and refining the steel to an extremely low inclusion level.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for moving a molten metal are provided in which the electromagnetic inductor includes at least two pairs of electromagnetic pole pairs and in which a first magnetic field component is generated between one pole in a first electromagnetic pole pair and a second pole in a different electromagnetic pole pair, and in which a second magnetic field component is generated between the two poles in one or more electromagnetic pole pairs, the second magnetic field component thereby generating one or more eddy currents in the molten metal. Those eddy currents are generally parallel to the surface of the molten metal and so have greater magnitude and extent that eddy currents perpendicular to the surface. Such eddy currents provide useful additional movement to the molten metal, for instance for stirring purposes, particularly when the depth of molten metal is small.

Abstract: A pulling-up-type continuous casting apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes a holding furnace that holds molten metal, a shape defining member disposed near a molten-metal surface of the molten metal held in the holding furnace, the shape defining member being configured to define a cross-sectional shape of a cast-metal article to be cast as the molten metal passes through the shape defining member, a first nozzle that blows a cooling gas on the cast-metal article, the cast-metal article being formed as the molten metal that has passed through the shape defining member solidifies, and a second nozzle that blows a gas toward the cast-metal article in an obliquely upward direction from below a place on the cast-metal article on which the cooling gas is blown from the first nozzle.

Abstract: A method for producing an aluminum alloy, comprises: separately preparing an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and an aluminum nitride-aluminum composite; melting the matrix, and adding the aluminum nitride-aluminum composite to the molten matrix to prepare a melt; and casting the melt.

Abstract: A curvilinear metal transfer device with support and compression assemblies that help maintain a constant force on the transfer device's metal outer casing and refractory as the outer casing and refractory expand and contract due to temperature fluctuations. In one embodiment, the support assemblies are configured to apply force to the refractory to keep the refractory in tension with the outer casing to suspend the refractory relative the outer casing. Also disclosed are clamp plates that help hold the refractory in place, and nested lids that cover the curvilinear metal transfer device.

Abstract: Apparatuses are disclosed for three-dimensionally printing reactive materials which utilize a powder spreading step followed by a binder-jet deposition step. Some such apparatuses include a binder jet three-dimensional printing device, a curing device, and a depowdering device contained within an environmental enclosure which provides an inert atmosphere sufficient to allow a reactive material to be used as a build material without fire or explosion hazards. Some such apparatuses include one or more conveying systems for moving a removable build box among the various devices. Environmental enclosures having unique designs and features are disclosed.

Abstract: A sintering apparatus (4) for sintering at least one workpiece (2), more particularly a dental workpiece, having a sintering chamber (18) for receiving the sintering workpiece (2) during sintering, wherein the sintering chamber (18) is delimited by a base surface (6) of the sintering apparatus (4) on which the workpiece can be placed during sintering, wherein the sintering apparatus (4) has at least one gas feed (5) for introducing protective gas into the sintering chamber (18), wherein the gas feed (5) is on the side of the base surface (6) that faces away from the sintering chamber (18) and the base surface (6) has at least one flow-through portion (14) which is permeable to the protective gas to allow the protective gas coming from the gas feed (5) to pass into the sintering chamber (18).

Abstract: A method for forming a three dimensional article through successively depositing individual layers of powder material that are fused together with an electron beam from an electron beam sources so as to form the article. Providing a model of said three-dimensional article; a vacuum chamber having at least a first and a second section, powder material that are fused together is provided in said first section, at least one electron beam source is provided in said second section, wherein said first and second sections are openly connected to each other. Directing an electron beam from said at least one electron beam source over said work table to fuse in first selected locations according to said model to form a first cross section of said three-dimensional article while supplying a gas to said second section of said vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a gas turbine engine component comprises building and machining a hollow workpiece. The workpiece is built via additive manufacturing to create a coarse structure that turbulates cooling flow. At least a portion of the workpiece is machined via subtractive manufacturing to create a smooth surface that promotes laminar flow.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional component. It is proposed to manufacture, during the build operation in the build space of the layer manufacturing system, not only the component but also at least one characterizing element associated with the component. The characterizing element allows simple, fast, and reliable sorting of the three-dimensional components.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a compact for producing a sintered alloy which allows a sintered alloy obtained by sintering the compact to have improved mechanical strength and wear resistance, a wear-resistant iron-based sintered alloy, and a method for producing the same. The wear-resistant iron-based sintered alloy is produced by: forming a compact for producing a sintered alloy from a powder mixture containing a hard powder, a graphite powder, and an iron-based powder by powder compacting; and sintering the compact for producing a sintered alloy while diffusing C in the graphite powder of the compact for producing a sintered alloy in hard particles that constitute the hard powder. The hard particles contain 10% to 50% by mass of Mo, 3% to 20% by mass of Cr, and 2% to 15% by mass of Mn, with the balance made up of incidental impurities and Fe, and the hard powder and the graphite powder contained in the powder mixture account for 5% to 60% by mass and 0.5% to 2.

Abstract: A metallurgical system for producing metals and metal alloys includes a fluid cooled mixing cold hearth having a melting cavity configured to hold a raw material for melting into a molten metal, and a mechanical drive configured to mount and move the mixing cold hearth for mixing the raw material. The system also includes a heat source configured to heat the raw material in the melting cavity, and a heat removal system configured to provide adjustable insulation for the molten metal. The mixing cold hearth can be configured as a removal element of an assembly of interchangeable mixing cold hearths, with each mixing cold hearth of the assembly configured for melting a specific category of raw materials. A process includes the steps of providing the mixing cold hearth, feeding the raw material into the melting cavity, heating the raw material, and moving the mixing cold hearth during the heating step.

Abstract: A tool holder for non-positively holding a rotatable tool by a receiving body containing a receiving opening with slits extending radially from the inner wall towards the exterior and running in the longitudinal direction of the receiving body. To permit a simple production process, the receiving body has an insert fixed into a receiving section.

Abstract: A tool holder includes a basic body, in which a tool receiving region is located, a circular cylindrical clamping chuck having several joints and an external thread which has an external pitch angle, as well as a union nut having an internal thread which has an internal pitch angle. The union nut has a stopping face on the basic body or on the clamping chuck. The external pitch angle is different from the internal pitch angle.

Abstract: A clamping device for releasably holding a tool holder shank is formed with an engagement bore in a rear end, and includes a housing having a bore in a forward end for receiving the tool holder shank, a drawbar reciprocally movable inside the housing and which in a forward end is provided with engagement means arranged to engage with an engagement formation inside the engagement bore of the tool holder shank, and which is formed with a drawbar aperture extending through the drawbar in a transverse direction of the same, and a cam shaft extending through the drawbar aperture. The cam shaft includes three cam formations and more precisely first and second spaced apart cam formations, which are journalled in seating apertures in the housing on opposite sides of the drawbar, and an intermediate third cam formation located between the first and second cam formations and positioned within the aperture of the drawbar. The drawbar is insertable into the bore from the forward end.

Abstract: A clamping device for releasably holding a tool holder shank formed with a bore includes a housing having a forwardly facing surface and a bore. A drawbar is mounted reciprocally movable inside the bore and which in a forward end has engagement device, which is arranged to engage with an engagement formation inside the bore of the tool holder shank. The drawbar is, in a rear portion, formed with a drawbar aperture extending through the drawbar in a transverse direction in relation to a longitudinal axis of the same, and a cam shaft extending through the drawbar aperture and being rotatably journalled in the housing and arranged to impart an axial displacement to the drawbar in relation to the housing.

Abstract: A clamping device for releasably holding a tool holder shank is formed with an engagement bore in a rear end. The clamping device includes a housing having a mounting bore for receiving the tool holder shank; a drawbar being mounted reciprocally movable inside the housing and which in a forward end is provided with an engagement segment which is arranged to engage with an engagement formation inside the engagement bore of the tool holder shank, wherein the drawbar is in a rear portion formed with a drawbar aperture extending through the drawbar, and a cam shaft extending through the drawbar aperture and comprising a cam formation. The cam shaft is rotatably journalled in the housing and arranged to impart an axial displacement to the drawbar in relation to the housing by the cam formation when rotating the cam shaft.

Abstract: An ultrasonic micron precision molding apparatus includes: an ultrasonic generating module, a tool and an amplitude transformer. The ultrasonic generating module provides ultrasonic frequency vibration. The tool is disposed below the ultrasonic generating module, and has a micron-level precision structure. The amplitude transformer is disposed between the ultrasonic generating module and the tool and has a first section and a second section, the first section is disposed at the junction of the amplitude transformer and the tool, and the distance between the second section and the tool is longer than the distance between the first section and the tool, wherein the width of the first section is greater than the width of the second section.

Abstract: A spindle assembly for machining a cast workpiece includes a fixture that provides rotational movement to the workpiece around a fixture axis. A first spindle provides rotational movement to a cutting tool around a first spindle axis and a second spindle provides rotational movement to a second cutting tool around a second spindle axis. The first spindle axis and the second spindle axis are transverse to the fixture axis. The fixture is disposed between the first spindle and the second spindle. The pivotal movement of the fixture provides access to opposite sides of the workpiece to the first spindle and the second spindle enabling the cutting tools to simultaneously cut opposing sides of the workpiece. The first cutting tool and the second cutting tool are replaceable by a third cutting tool and a fourth cutting tool to cut an alternative or different aperture into the workpiece.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing drill holes (12, 13a, 13b) in a sandwich component (6). The sandwich component has several interconnected layers of which at least one layer (9) is electrically conducting and the directly adjacent layers (10) are not electrically conducting. Further, the invention relates to a drilling machine (1) having at least one drill (5), a measuring device that is connected to the drill (5) that measures a difference in potential between a component (6) and a reference potential, a depth measuring device that can measure the position of the drill (5) relative to a reference point, and a computer unit that is equipped to execute the method automatically.

Abstract: A twist drill includes a shank; a body adjacent the shank extending along a rotational, longitudinal axis of the twist drill, the body made of a carbide material; a plurality of helically extending chip flutes formed into the body with a web formed between the chip flutes, the chip flutes oriented at a helix angle relative to the longitudinal axis, each chip flute flanked by a major cutting edge with a corresponding flank or land and a minor cutting edge with a corresponding flank or land; and a ceramic insert attached to a notch formed in the body of the drill, wherein the ceramic insert forms only a portion of each of the major and minor cutting edges of the twist drill.

Abstract: A beveling method for beveling the edge of the opening of a cross hole (2-1) formed in a workpiece (W) while rotating a conical tool (1), which has conical cutting blade sections (11-1, 11-2), wherein beveling is carried out so that a surface of the same width is formed on the edge of the opening of the cross hole (2-1) by controlling the height of the conical tool (1) and/or the position of the rotation shaft of the conical tool (1) on the basis of a conic section, which is generated when a cutting blade section (11-1, 11-2) is cut with an imaginary plane (V) that contacts the processing point (P) of the conical tool (1) on the cross hole (2-1), and the shape of the edge of the cross hole (2-1) opening.

Abstract: A wing surface finishing method is the one in which after finishing of a leading edge and a trailing edge and finishing of a ventral portion and a back portion in a wing surface of a wing component are separated into separate steps, a finishing end mill is made to approach a ventral portion and a back portion of awing surface corresponding area of a workpiece after a speed of the finishing end mill is increased, finishing processing is applied to the ventral portion and the back portion of the wing surface corresponding area of the workpiece, respectively, and the speed of the finishing end mill is decreased after the finishing end mill is moved away from the wing surface corresponding area of the workpiece.

Abstract: In one aspect, rotationally balanced asymmetric end mills are described herein. An end mill described herein comprises a shank portion extending along a longitudinal axis of the end mill, and a cutting portion extending from the shank portion. The cutting portion comprises a plurality of unequally indexed blades separated by flutes along an axial length of cut, the blades extending onto a cutting end surface of the end mill, wherein at least one of the flutes is of unequal length and the asymmetric end mill has an imbalance of 2.0 gmm or less.

Abstract: A method for electrical discharge machining a work piece using rectangular processing pulses includes forming the rectangular processing pulses by discharging one or multiple discrete delay lines that comprise multiple storage elements. The storage elements are arranged as part of a feed line to a spark gap on a section of the feed line near the spark gap. The discrete delay lines are connected to a guide head by an electrode-side contact unit and are connected to the work piece by a work piece-side contact unit.

Abstract: A wave soldering machine includes a housing and a conveyor coupled to the housing. The conveyor is configured to deliver a printed circuit board through the housing. The wave soldering machine further includes a wave soldering station coupled to the housing. The wave soldering station includes a reservoir of solder material, and a wave solder nozzle system adapted to create a solder wave. The wave solder nozzle system has a nozzle frame, and a nozzle plate secured to the nozzle frame. The nozzle plate includes a first zone of openings positioned adjacent a leading edge of the nozzle plate, a second zone of openings positioned proximate a middle of the nozzle plate, and a third zone having no openings positioned adjacent a trailing edge of the nozzle plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nozzle (1) for cutting steel workpieces and workpieces made of iron alloys, comprising a nozzle body (2), wherein the nozzle body (2) has two cutting-oxygen bores (5, 5a), which extend from an inlet side (6) of the nozzle body (2) to an outlet side (8) of the nozzle body (2) in order to form two cutting jets (10, 10a). The double cutting flame cuts the steel more strongly in the so-called groove trail. The cut is thus more effective. This permits an increased cutting speed, which in turn causes a reduction in the heating-gas consumption.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a spatter generating event during a welding application. The method includes capturing data that corresponds to a welding current of the welding application. The method also includes detecting parameters associated with a short circuit from the captured data. The method includes analyzing the detected parameters to monitor the spatter generating event during the welding application.

Abstract: Methods and systems for manufacturing and using the auxiliary power conversion unit, which is capable of being remotely located from a welding power supply unit during a welding operation, are provided. In some embodiments, the auxiliary power conversion is capable of outputting DC as well as AC power, capable of outputting multiple voltages consistent with the demands of typical auxiliary tools, such as a hand grinder or a light. In certain embodiments, the power conversion unit may be a stand-alone system or may be incorporated into a device, such as a wire feeder, which is configured to derive power from the arc potential. The power conversion unit may contain control and processing electronics that may include a controller, a processor, memory, and so forth.

Abstract: A welding torch (1) includes a cylindrical nozzle (2) in which shielding gas is flown from an opening (3b), and an electrode (4) that is a bar-shaped body projecting from the opening (3b). The shielding gas includes upper shielding gas flowing in an upper region (3u) on an upper side of a central axis (C2) of the electrode (4), and lower shielding gas flowing in a lower region (3d) on a lower side of the central axis (C2) of the electrode (4). Atmospheric pressure of the lower shielding gas is higher than atmospheric pressure of the upper shielding gas. A method of horizontal welding with this kind of welding torch is also defined.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for operating an additive manufacturing apparatus in which a three-dimensional article is formed. Said method comprising the steps of: providing a vacuum chamber having at least a first and a second section, wherein said first and second sections are openly connected to each other, providing a predetermined vacuum level inside said vacuum chamber, providing a layer of powder material on a work table in said first section of said vacuum chamber, directing an electron beam from said at least one electron beam source provided in said second section over said work table to fuse in first selected locations according to said model to form a first cross section of said three-dimensional article, purging said second section with a dry gas when said vacuum chamber is open for prohibiting ambient air into said second section.

Abstract: A method of producing a nickel alloy clad steel pipe including: providing a hollow cylinder of nickel alloy cladding material and a hollow cylinder of steel, placing the hollow cylinder of the nickel alloy cladding material concentrically inside the hollow cylinder of steel or the hollow cylinder of the steel concentrically inside the hollow cylinder of nickel alloy cladding material to form a composite billet, heating the composite billet to 1121-1260° C., and extruding the composite billet, wherein the nickel alloy cladding material comprises 6.0-12.0 wt. % molybdenum, 19.0-27.0 wt. % chromium, 1.0 wt. % maximum tungsten, 0.6 wt. % maximum aluminum, 0.6 wt. % maximum titanium, 0.001-0.05 wt. % carbon, 0.001-0.035 wt. % nitrogen, 0.001-0.3 wt. % silicon, 1.0 wt. % maximum niobium, 2.5 wt. % maximum iron, 0.5 wt. % maximum manganese, 0.015 wt. % maximum phosphorous, 0.015 wt. % maximum sulfur, 1.0 wt. % maximum cobalt, and the balance nickel and may have a solidus temperature greater than 1312° C.

Abstract: A method for connecting a tubular cable lug produced from a non-ferrous metal to a strand produced from aluminium, includes steps of providing a tubular cable lug having a tubular portion and a connecting portion, providing an ultrasonic welding device having a sonotrode that has a pressure surface and having an anvil that has a mating pressure surface, securing the connecting portion to the anvil by clamping such that the tubular portion faces the mating pressure surface of the anvil, inserting one end of the strand into the tubular portion of the tubular cable lug, bringing the pressure surface into contact with the tubular portion, pressing the pressure surface against the tubular portion such that the tubular portion is forced against the mating pressure surface, and generating an ultrasound vibration oriented approximately perpendicular to a tube axis of the tubular portion by means of the sonotrode.

Abstract: Laser radiation is used for removing brittle-hard material from a substrate without damaging the material. A removal depression having a flank angle w of the flanks of the removal depression forms in the material as a result of the removal. The removal depression forms with an entry edge, which is defined as a spatially expanded region of the surface of the material, where an unchanged and thus unremoved portion of the surface of the material transitions into the removal depression. Spatial portions of the laser radiation are refracted and focused into the volume of the unremoved material at this entry edge. The distribution of the laser radiation is set such that the entry edge assumes a small spatial expansion, such that the portion of the power of the laser radiation, which is captured by the focusing effect of the entry edge, is not sufficient to generate a threshold value ?damage for the electron density in the volume of the material, thus avoiding damage to the material.

Abstract: A laser processing device converges laser light at an object to be processed having a silicon part containing silicon mounted on a glass part containing glass with a resin part interposed therebetween so as to form a modified region within the object along a line to cut. The laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting the laser light, a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source, and a converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object. When forming the modified region in the glass part, the spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along a laser light irradiation direction.

Abstract: The laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting a laser light, a converging optical system converging the laser light at an object to be processed, and an aberration providing part for imparting an aberration to the laser light converged at the object by the converging optical system. In an optical axis direction of the laser light, letting a reference aberration range be a range of a converging-induced aberration as an aberration occurring at a position where the laser light is converged as a result of converging the laser light at the object, the aberration providing part imparts a first aberration to the laser light such that the laser light has an elongated range longer than the reference aberration range in the optical axis direction as an aberration range and an intensity distribution in the optical axis direction with a continuous undulation in the elongated range.

Abstract: A laser processing device converges laser light at an object to be processed so as to form a modified region within the object along a line to cut. The laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting the laser light, a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source, and a converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object. The spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along a laser light irradiation direction.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing process is monitored, in situ, using optical emission spectroscopy to analyze the composition, phase transformation or manufacturing defects. The system or method may include an analysis of contours of the plasma line intensity, or pre-processing of the plasma spectral line including signal-to-noise ratio analysis, baseline removal, line identification, line de-convolution and fitting. Improvements may additionally involve consideration of plasma parameters such as plasma spectral line intensity, line ratio, plasma temperature and electron density using high-resolution optical emission spectroscopy in both visible and ultraviolet regions. Parameters of the plasma may be determined using an intensity ratio of the ions or atoms emission lines, a FWHM of the line profile for electron density estimation, or a Boltzmann plot for plasma temperature estimation. One or more techniques may be used to monitor when there is a lack of deposition.