Abstract: Provided is a manufacture method of a laminate film accurately precut into a desired shape. The manufactured laminate film comprises an elongated release film having thereon a plurality of insular adhesive films (A) and (B) mutually adjacent in the lengthwise direction, and the method includes: obtaining an elongated laminate having a release film and an adhesive film; precutting the adhesive film to obtain a first peeling part; and peeling off the first peeling part from the release film. The first peeling part includes peripheral parts (A1) and (B2) of insular adhesive films (A) and (B) respectively positioned at one and the other widthwise end side of the release film; and connection part (C) connecting peripheral parts (A1) and (B2), but not including peripheral parts (A2) and (B1) of insular adhesive films (A) and (B) respectively positioned at the other and the one widthwise end side of the release film.

Abstract: A window film includes a base layer and a coating layer formed on the base layer. The coating layer contains a silicone resin, and the window film contains a dye having a maximum absorption wavelength of about 500 nm to about 650 nm. A display includes the window film, and may be a flexible display.

Abstract: An insulating substrate material for adhesive tapes that is resistant to temperatures of up to about 105 ° C. for at least 20,000 hours and is intended, more specifically, for the preparation of insulating tapes that can be used in various types of applications—including insulation of electrical wires. The invention further relates to the substrate composition of said insulating adhesive material and the method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer containing an acrylic polymer formed of a component comprising, as an essential monomer component, an alkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl group having 9 or less carbon atoms. A shear storage elastic modulus at 23° C. of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, which is measured by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, is 5.0×105 Pa or less, and a shear storage elastic modulus at ?50° C. of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, which is measured by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, is 1.0×108 Pa or more.

Abstract: Multi-component synthetic resin adhesive composition for the fixing sector, especially for adhesively bonding an anchoring element in a hole (for example, a drilled hole) or crevice, comprising fillers, which comprises a biogenic filler (for example a kernel flour or stone flour from fruit); use of the synthetic resin adhesive composition for embedding anchoring means in mortar in holes and crevices; process or method for embedding anchoring means in mortar and holes or crevices, in which the synthetic resin adhesive composition is used; and use of biogenic fillers in producing such a synthetic resin adhesive composition.

Abstract: Multi-component synthetic resin adhesive composition for the fixing sector, especially for adhesively bonding an anchoring element in a hole (for example, a drilled hole) or crevice, comprising fillers, which comprises a biogenic liquid diluting agent (for example a vegetable oil, such as especially castor oil, or a polyol); use of the synthetic resin adhesive composition for embedding anchoring means in mortar in holes or crevices; process or method for embedding anchoring elements in mortar and holes or crevices, in which the synthetic resin adhesive composition is used; and use of biogenic fillers in producing such a synthetic resin adhesive composition.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising the following components: A) an ethylene/alpha-olefin block co-polymer; B) a tackifies; and wherein the composition has a melt index (I2) from 1 to 50 g/10 min and an I10/I2 ratio from 7.5 to 13.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laminate including an adhesive layer that hardly suffers from adhesive transfer and exhibits a good adhesive strength, and a substrate layer, a protective film including the laminate, and a process for producing the laminate.

Abstract: The present invention provides specific alkoxylation products, a process for preparing them, compositions which comprise these alkoxylation products, and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a urethane resin composition containing a urethane resin having polymerizable unsaturated groups and an aqueous medium. The urethane resin is obtained by reacting a polyol with a polyisocyanate. The polyol contains an alkylenediol having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups or an oxyalkylenediol having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups. The alkylenediol is represented by general formula (1): HO—R1—OH??(1) (where R1 is a linear alkylene group of one to nine carbon atoms having two or more atomic groups containing a polymerizable unsaturated group in side chains thereof). The oxyalkylenediol (a1-2) is represented by general formula (2): HO—R1O—R2—OR3—OH??(2) (where R1 and R3 are ethylene groups having a total of two or more atomic groups containing a polymerizable unsaturated group in side chains thereof, and R2 is an alkylene group of one to five carbon atoms).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a two-component polyurethane adhesive consisting of a polyol component and a polyisocyanate component, wherein the polyol component comprises a triol with a molar mass of 1,000 to 10,000 g/mol, a diol having two primary hydroxy groups and a molar mass of 60 to 150 g/mol, a poly(trimethylene oxide) diol or a poly(tetramethylene oxide) diol with a molar mass of 200 to 3,000 g/mol and an aliphatic polyamine. The adhesive is characterized by high early strength, a low temperature dependence of the mechanical properties, good adhesion and the possibility of controlled thermally induced release of adhesion.

Abstract: Provided is a solvent-free silicone adhesive agent composition comprising: (A) an organopolysiloxane which has at least two alkenyl-group-containing organic group per molecule in an amount of 40 to 95 parts by mass; (B) an organopolysiloxane which is composed of a R23SiO1/2 unit (wherein R2's independently represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group that has 1 to 10 carbon atoms and does not have an aliphatic unsaturated bond or an alkenyl group that has 2 to 6 carbon atoms) and a SiO4/2 unit and has a (R23SiO1/2 unit)/(SiO4/2 unit) ratio of 0.6 to 1.0 by mole in an amount of 5 to 60 parts by mass, wherein the total amount of the components (A) and (B) is 100 parts by mass; (C) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane which has at least three Si—H groups per molecule and has a Si—H modification ratio of 30 mol % or more in such an amount that ratio of the amount of the Si—H groups to the amount of the alkenyl groups in the component (A) becomes 0.2 to 10 by mole; and (D) a platinum group metal catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ready-to-use hot melt adhesive containing at least 95% of one or more polyolefin copolymer waxes, which have been prepared by means of metallocene catalysts, characterised in that the polyolefin copolymer wax consists of propylene and one or more further monomers selected from ethylene and branched or unbranched 1-alkenes having 4 to 20 C-atoms and the content of structural units derived from propylene in the copolymer waxes amounts to 80 to 99.9% by weight, and the hot melt adhesive has a surface tension of the melt, measured at a temperature of 170 DEG C., of at most 23 mN/m.

Abstract: Oil-enhanced polymer modified asphalt adhesive compositions, membrane materials including the oil-enhanced polymer modified asphalt adhesive composition, and methods for making are provided. The oil-enhanced polymer modified asphalt adhesive compositions have improved elongation, recovery, heat resistance, and cold adhesion and may include a polymer modified asphalt and an oil or oil derivative additive. The polymer modified asphalt may include an elastomeric copolymer. The oil or oil derivative additive may include one or more of vegetable oils, nut oils, and seed oils. A membrane including the oil-enhance polymer modified asphalt is also provided. A multi-layered roofing membrane is also provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a shaped abrasive particle includes applying a mixture into a shaping assembly within an application zone and directing an ejection material at the mixture in the shaping assembly under a predetermined force, removing the mixture from the shaping assembly and forming a precursor shaped abrasive particle.

Abstract: A process for producing an anti-fog consumer product. The process comprises the steps of forming a precursor composition comprising cellulose acetate and plasticizer to yield a substantially rigid consumer product having an outer surface; and saponifying at least a portion of the substantially rigid consumer product to yield the anti-fog consumer product having a degree of substitution at the outer surface of less than 0.75.

Abstract: The present invention provides a working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine, comprising: a refrigerating machine oil comprising, as a base oil, a mixed ester of (A) a complex ester obtainable by synthesis of at least one polyhydric alcohol selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol, a C6-C12 polybasic acid, and a C4-C18 monohydric alcohol or a C4-C18 monocarboxylic fatty acid, and (B) a polyol ester obtainable by synthesis of from at least one polyhydric alcohol selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol, and a C4-C18 monocarboxylic fatty acid, in a mass ratio of (A) the complex ester/(B) the polyol ester of 5/95 to 95/5; and tetrafluoropropene as a refrigerant, wherein a refrigerant dissolved viscosity, at a temperature of 80° C. and an absolute pressure of 1.6 MPa, is 1.5 mm2/s or more.

Abstract: It is to provide a lubricating oil composition for a compression refrigerator, which is excellent in the thermal/chemical stability even when used in a compression refrigerator that uses a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerant having a lower global warming potential and a fewer carbon atoms, by including in a base oil an organic compound having a double bond in a molecule, which is at least one kind selected from an organic compound having at least two non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule, a terpene compound having a double bond in the molecule, and C12 to C30 aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon having one double bond in the molecule.

Abstract: A heat discharging sheet using graphene and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The heat discharging sheet includes a heat discharging layer having a first surface and a second surface, the heat discharging layer including graphene and metal particles, an adhesive layer disposed on a first surface of the heat discharging layer, and a protective layer disposed on a second surface of the heat discharging layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biomimetic polymer for stabilizing wellbore, a method for preparation of the biomimetic polymer, and a drilling fluid. The polymer contains carboxymethyl chitosan that serves as a backbone and dopamine-derived groups grafted on the backbone. The polymer provided in the present invention can improve the strength of shale in the wellbore, seal the shale pores and reduce the filter loss of drilling fluid, and thereby attains an effect of stabilizing the wellbore in shale formation in drilling process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for reducing or preventing the loss of drilling fluids and other well servicing fluids into a subterranean formation during drilling or construction of boreholes in said formation. Specifically, this invention comprises a curable cross-linkable composition capable of free radical polymerization for creating lost circulation material.

Abstract: The present invention includes well treatment fluids and methods utilizing nano-particles and, in certain embodiments, to sealant compositions and methods utilizing nano-particles. The nano-particles may be incorporated into the sealant composition in different forms, including as discrete nano-particles, encapsulated nano-particles, agglomerated nano-particles, or in a liquid suspension.

Abstract: The invention is the use and application of a system having a non-toxic and biodegradable surfactant, which is not ethoxylated and is built up from alkyl polyglycoside derivatives, for use in the oilfield industry to mitigate the release of toxic chemicals into the environment. Where the surfactant system incorporates a non-ethoxylated polymerized sugar for use in downhole and surface applications in the oilfield industry. The use of alkyl polyglycoside derivatives allows the creation of surfactants, which are water soluble without any ethylene oxide or propylene oxide groups attached to the main carbon backbone of the molecule. By not ethoxylating and/or propoxylating the alkyl-backbone no 1,4-dioxane is produced as a by-product therefore there are no traces of this molecule in the surfactant produced using alkyl polyglycoside derivatives. Additionally, these surfactants do not contain nonyl, butyl, or other alkylphenol groups.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed relate to methods of treating a subterranean formations that provide enhanced fracture conductivity over other methods. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation. The method can include obtaining or providing a composition including a tackifies. The composition can have a viscosity less than about 20 cP. The method can include placing the composition in a subterranean formation downhole. The method can also include fracturing the subterranean formation with the composition.

Abstract: The injection material 100 contains particles 2 adapted to be packed into the fracture, a resin composition and a fluid 20 for transferring the particles 2 and the resin composition into the fracture. Further, the resin composition is used for forming a surface layer covering at least a part of an outer layer of each of the particles 2. The resin composition contains an acid-curing agent and an acid-curing resin which can cure in the presence of an acid. The acid-curing agent has an acid group which is present in a state that the acid group is blocked by a compound having reactivity with respect to the acid group. The resin composition can reliably cure the acid-curing resin at a target location, the injection material containing the resin composition and the particles and a packing method for packing the particles into the fracture formed in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing of light ceramic proppants made from a mixture of raw materials that is mechanically granulated in a granulator or that is granulated in a spray dryer from a pourable ceramc mass, to obtain granulate having a granule size of 150-1700 ?m (12-100 U.S. Mesh, ASTM E11-04, ISO 13503-2), and next the granulate is fired and the fired granulate is fractioned. The mixture of raw materials is prepared from: illite-beidellite-ka-olinite high-plastic clays of the Poznan series in the amount of 10% to 40% by weight; kaolinite clays in the amount of 10% to 45% by weight; kaolin in the amount of 20% to 40% by weight; fly ash from brown coal combusted in a power plant in the amount of 10% to 35% by weight; and treatment agents in the amount of up to 10% by weight.

Abstract: Some embodiments described herein provide a method comprising providing a wellbore in a low permeability subterranean formation; providing a treatment fluid comprising an aqueous base fluid and drag-reducing propping fibers; introducing the treatment fluid into the wellbore at a rate and pressure sufficient to create or enhance at least one micro-fracture therein, wherein the drag-reducing propping fibers are capable of reducing the friction created within the treatment fluid as it is introduced into the wellbore; and placing the drag-reducing propping fibers into the at least one micro-fracture so as to prop open the micro-fracture.

Abstract: Microenergetic particles can be employed in hydraulic fracturing of oil or gas wells. By exciting the microenergetic particles, an operator performing a fracture job can better map the fracture process and/or increase the extent of fracturing over what can be accomplished using only pumps. By deploying microenergetic particles during the fracturing of an oil or gas well, but not exciting the microenergetic particles until there is a reduction of production, an operator can extend the time periods between well stimulations.

Abstract: Some embodiments disclosed herein comprise a method of treating a subterranean formation comprising: providing a treatment fluid comprising a base fluid and an extracted natural mucilage; and introducing the treatment fluid into the subterranean formation. The treatment fluid may further comprise a mucin in an amount in the range of from about 0.000001% to about 10% by weight in the treatment fluid.

Abstract: Gellable treatment fluids may have their gel times modified by using a polymer mixture therein that contains two or more polymers having disparate average molecular weights. Methods for treating a subterranean formation using such gellable treatment fluids can comprise providing a gellable treatment fluid comprising a polymer mixture and a crosslinking agent, introducing the gellable treatment fluid into a subterranean formation, and allowing the gellable treatment fluid to form a gel in the subterranean formation. The polymer mixture comprises a base polymer and an addend polymer, where the base polymer and the addend polymer each comprise an acrylamide monomer unit or a derivative thereof and have different average molecular weights, such that a molecular weight distribution of the polymer mixture contains at least two local maxima.

Abstract: A 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol and fluorescent dye blend. The fluorescent dye selected from a group consisting of a naphthalimide dye, a perylene dye, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the mixture includes a polyol ester oil, a petroleum hydrocarbon and a naphthalimide dye. The fluorescent dye may further comprise a mineral oil, and a perylene dye.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a novel light up-conversion organic luminescent substance having a high light up-conversion efficiency. [Solution] A light up-conversion luminescent substance which comprises a compound represented by general formula (1).

Abstract: In order to increase the security of value or security documents 100, a multi-luminescent security element 400 is provided which contains at least one first luminescence means 510 and at least one second luminescence means 520. The first luminescence means 510 can be excited under first excitation conditions Sp-1 for the purpose of luminescence, and the second luminescence means 520 can be excited under second excitation conditions Sp-2 for the purpose of luminescence, said second excitation conditions Sp-2 differing from the first excitation conditions Sp-1. The multi-luminescent security element 400 is additionally equipped with at least one absorber means 600 which prevents an excitation of the at least one first luminescence means 510 under the second excitation conditions Sp-2 for the purpose of luminescence.

Abstract: The invention relates to co-activated magnesium alumosilicate based phosphors, to a process of its preparation, the use of these phosphors in electronic and electro optical devices, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells and especially to illumination units comprising said magnesium alumosilicate-based phosphors.

Abstract: Processes for producing particles of rare earth-containing phosphor materials, in which the particles have a core-shell structure and the shell has a lower rare earth content than the core. Such a process may include contacting a core particle with a precursor comprising Na(La,Ce,Tb)P2O7 to form a mixture, and then heating the mixture to a temperature sufficient to decompose the Na(La,Ce,Tb)P2O7 to evolve and melt an NaPO3 flux and initiate deposition of a (La,Ce,Tb)PO4 shell on each core particle in the presence of the molten NaPO3 flux.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a mechanoluminescent material which is excellent in mechanoluminescent properties and can achieve a mechanoluminescence intensity sufficiently suited to practical use, a raw material composition for producing the mechanoluminescent material, and a method for producing a mechanoluminescent material. The mechanoluminescent material of the present invention includes strontium aluminate as a base material, a Eu ion, and at least one ion selected from the group consisting of Nd, Dy, and Ho. An amount of the Eu ion contained in the mechanoluminescent material is 0.0001 to 0.1 mol per mole of the strontium aluminate. An amount of the at least one ion selected from the group consisting of Nd, Dy, and Ho contained in the mechanoluminescent material is, as the sum of amounts of the three ions Nd, Dy, and Ho, 0.0001 to 0.01 mol per mole of the strontium aluminate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxynitride luminescent material, a preparation method, and an LED light source manufactured thereby. Chemical compositions of the luminescent material are M1 a M2 b Si c O d N e:xEu 2+, M1 being one or two or a combination of more than two of elements: Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn; M2 being one or a combination of two of elements: Tb and Tm; a, b, c, d, e and x being molar coefficients of atoms, and 1?a?4, 0.001?b?0.6, 0.8?c?1.2, 0<d?6, 0<e<2, 0.001?x?0.3. An excitation spectrum of the luminescent material is wide, and covers ultraviolet light to blue light regions, emitted light is green light to orange red light, and the chemical stability is good, the thermostability is high, and the luminescent material is suitable for being encapsulated into an LED light source in cooperation with an ultraviolet light, near ultraviolet light or blue light LED chip.

Abstract: Described are ZnxCd1-xSySe1-y/ZnSzSe1-z core/shell nanocrystals, CdTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell nanocrystals, optionally doped Zn(S,Se,Te) nano- and quantum wires, and SnS quantum sheets or ribbons, methods for making the same, and their use in biomedical and photonic applications, such as sensors for analytes in cells and preparation of field effect transistors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising a polymerisable compound, one or more compounds of formula Q, and one or more compounds of formula AN1 to a process for its preparation, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in an LC display of the polymer sustained alignment (PSA) type, and to an LC display, especially a PSA display, comprising it.

Abstract: A composition is provided for forming an optically anisotropic layer. The composition includes a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a photopolymerization initiator, and an ester solvent having a boiling point of 120° C. to 200° C. and a vapor pressure of 0.7 kPa or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition and an AM LCD device including the same are described. The liquid crystal composition has a negative dielectric anisotropy, contains a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy as a first component, and may further contain a specific compound having high a maximum temperature or a small viscosity as a second component, a specific compound having a negative dielectric anisotropy as a third component, and/or a specific compound having a polymerizable group as an additive component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula I, wherein the radicals R11, L1, L2, n and A are as defined herein, and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PA-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, IPS or PS-IPS effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flame retardant composition, including: at least one phosphorus compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2); a cationic surfactant; and a nonionic surfactant: in the formula (1), A represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, n represents a number of from 1 to 10, and R1 to R8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; in the formula (2), R9 to R14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and r1, r2, and r3 each independently represent a number of 1 or 0.

Abstract: The present invention is provided with: a reference gas supply source that adds a reference gas that is a noble gas to a carbonization gas; a combustor that combusts the mixed gas of the carbonization gas and the reference gas and sends out an inspection gas; a gas rheometer that measures a flow rate of the inspection gas; a gas concentration measurement device; and a computation control device that determines the flow rate of the reference gas (noble gas) in the mixed gas from the concentration of reference gas, determines the amount of carbon component generated in the carbonization gas, determines the carbonization fraction of carbonized charcoal from the concentration of the carbon component in low-grade charcoal, the amount of carbon component generated, and the weight of supplied low-grade charcoal, and controls a valve in a manner so that a target carbonization fraction results.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a gas collection apparatus. The present apparatus may be used, for example, in a system for producing biocoal or biochar or bio-oil from biomass. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a thermochemical biomass reactor. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a syngas management system. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a gas collection apparatus for fluidly communicating with a retort of a biomass reactor, said collection apparatus comprising two or more gas collection pipes in fluid communication with spaced apart sections of said retort; and a gas collection manifold in fluid communication with said pipes. The gas collection apparatus is designed such that the gases collected by one pipe do not mix with those collected by another within the piping network.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides, at least in part, a system for pyrolysis of biomass, the system comprising: (a) a reactor having a retort extending therethrough, said retort comprising a conveyor, an inlet, and an outlet; the reactor further comprising at least one thermosensor, the thermosensor capable of generating a signal when the temperature is above optimal levels; (b) a heating system adapted to heat the reactor; (c) a syn-gas management system; the management system comprising a syn-gas storage tank having an inlet and an outlet, said inlet in fluid communication with the reactor, and said outlet in fluid communication with the heating system and syn-gas outlet such as a flare or storage tank wherein the communication is controlled via a valve configurable between at least a first position where flow is directed to the heating system and a second position where flow is directed to the flare pipe; and (d) a controller in communication with the thermosensor and the valve; wherein the controller switche

Abstract: Methods for hydrogen sulfide recycling using selective solvents in the hydroprocessing of renewable feedstocks are provided. An exemplary method includes the steps of combining hydrogen sulfide with renewable hydrocarbon feedstocks to form a first stream, deoxygenating the first stream to form a second hydrocarbon stream comprising deoxygenated hydrocarbons, water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, and separating the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen sulfide from the second hydrocarbon stream to form a third recycle stream comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The method further includes the steps of selectively scrubbing the hydrogen sulfide from the third recycle stream to form a fourth recycle stream comprising carbon dioxide and a fifth recycle stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and selectively scrubbing the carbon dioxide from the fourth recycle stream.

Abstract: Process for reclaiming useful products from a waste oil, comprising a thermal separation step performed in a vessel at conditions, of temperature and pressure, allowing to substantially avoid cracking of the waste oil and to assure the separation of said heated waste oil into a first heavy oil fraction and into a second light oil fraction having, in comparison with the waste oil, a low content in solids and/or in other contaminants that are different from water and from inert gas.

Abstract: A process to facilitate gravimetric separation of alkali metal salts, such as alkali metal sulfides and polysulfides, from alkali metal reacted hydrocarbons. The disclosed process is part of a method of upgrading a hydrocarbon feedstock by removing heteroatoms and/or one or more heavy metals from the hydrocarbon feedstock composition. This method reacts the oil feedstock with an alkali metal and an upgradant hydrocarbon. The alkali metal reacts with a portion of the heteroatoms and/or one or more heavy metals to form an inorganic phase containing alkali metal salts and reduced heavy metals, and an upgraded hydrocarbon feedstock. The inorganic phase may be gravimetrically separated from the upgraded hydrocarbon feedstock after mixing at a temperature between about 350° C. to 400° C. for a time period between about 15 minutes and 2 hours.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is described. The process includes passing a hydrocarbon stream through a plurality of reaction zones and a plurality of fired heaters, the effluent from a first reaction zone passing through one of the plurality of fired heaters before entering a second reaction zone. The plurality of fired heaters include a radiant section, an inlet manifold, an outlet manifold, at least one heater tube having an inlet and an outlet, the inlet being in fluid communication with the inlet manifold and the outlet being in fluid communication with the outlet manifold, and at least one burner, the inlet manifold of one of the plurality of fired heaters being at a vertical height different from a vertical height of at least one of the other inlet manifolds or at least one of the outlet manifolds.