Abstract: A sensor apparatus includes an array of active sensor elements arranged in columns and rows. Each sensor element is associated with a thin film access device disposed in a first current path through which an activation current is provided to activate the sensor element. Each sensor element is read through a respective second current path. The second current paths do not include the thin film access device of the first current path. As such, noise from the thin film access device is isolated from the second current paths.

Abstract: A system and methods are provided for controlling a motor of a rod pumping system using previous RPMs of the motor and predicting an RPM of the motor; correcting a power factor of a motor of a rod pumping system; allocating energy consumption and allocating energy generation for a set of wells connected to an electricity meter using an amount of energy generated by each well; and generating an alert if a set of data is beyond a threshold for the set of data.

Abstract: A machine-implemented method for computerized digital signal processing obtains a digital signal from data storage or from conversion of an analog signal and determines, from the digital signal, Measuring Matrices (MM). Each measuring matrix has a plurality of cells, each cell having an amplitude corresponding to the signal energy in a frequency bin for a time slice. Cells in each measuring matrix having maximum amplitudes within a time slice are identified as maximum cells. Maxima that coincide in time and frequency are identified and a correlated maxima matrix (PMM) is constructed showing the coinciding maxima and the adjacent marked maxima are linked into partial chains. If only one MM is constructed, multiple types of maxima are identified to generate the (PMM). The partial chains are isolated by parameters for a single domain or multiple domains to identify partial chains and possible separation of complex compound waveforms in the digital signal.

Abstract: The present subject matter refers to apparatus and methods for identifying a resistance level of a resistor. In an example, circuit configured to identify a resistor can include a plurality of current sources, each current source selectively coupled to the resistor to generate a resistor voltage, a comparator configured to compare the resistor voltage and a reference voltage, and to provide an output indicative of the comparison, and a controller configured to selectively couple a first one or more current sources of the plurality of current sources to the resistor, and to selectively couple a second one or more current sources of the plurality of current sources to the resistor in response to the output indicative of the comparison.

Abstract: An integratable capacitive touch sensing circuit through charge sharing is provided, including a charge sharing circuit, voltage-controlled oscillator, reference frequency generator, switch clock generator and frequency compare circuit; wherein charge sharing circuit further including a sensing capacitor, touch capacitor, share capacitor, charging switch, charge sharing switch and discharging switch, for sharing charge from charged sensing capacitor with discharged share capacitor through charge sharing to accumulate voltage on share capacitor. The capacitance of share capacitor is adjustable for applications generating different sensing capacitance. The charging switch, charge sharing switch and discharging switch are controlled by non-overlapping clocks. Prolonging close duration of charging switch and minimizing close duration of charge sharing switch and discharging switch can minimize interference from ambient noise.

Abstract: An assembly and a method for determining a change in capacitance in a cable, such as a change caused by a deformation of the cable. The deformation may be caused by a deforming element attached to the cable and slideable along the cable. The deforming element may be adapted to be compressed by a user and convert the compression force into a compression of the cable so as to cause the capacitance change. The assembly may form part of a headset and the deformation may be used to control a media player or mobile telephone used with the headset.

Abstract: A charge transfer circuit for capacitive sensing is disclosed. The charge transfer circuit for capacitive sensing includes a variable capacitor, an X-drive unit, and an active output voltage feedback (AVF) part. The variable capacitor is disposed between the output terminal of an X-drive line and the input terminal of a Y-drive line. The X-drive unit is connected between the input unit of the X-drive line and a voltage input terminal. The active output voltage feedback (AVF) part is connected between the output terminal of the Y-drive line and a voltage output terminal. The output terminal of the AVF part is connected to the output terminal of the Y-drive line.

Abstract: A method of detecting a cable connected to a first device includes generating a second signal within the first device, and outputting the second signal onto an input-only pin of a cable connector on the first device, wherein the input-only pin is assigned to receive a first signal from a driver on a second device when a cable is connected from the second device to the cable connector, and wherein the second signal has a frequency that is at least four times greater than the frequency of the first signal. The method further comprises determining that a cable is not connected to the cable connector in response to detecting the second signal on a wire coupled to the input-only pin, and determining that the cable is connected to the cable connector in response to detecting a signal other than the second signal.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one characteristic of an antenna requiring: a) positioning an antenna in a space surrounded by a waveguide; b) feeding an electric excitation signal (utx(t)) into a feed connection of the waveguide; c) receiving the electric response signal (urx(t)) emitted by the antenna resulting from the excitation signal (utx(t)); d) determining at least one characteristic of the antenna from a portion of the response signal (urx(t)) and a corresponding portion of the excitation signal (utx(t)), where the portion of the response signal (urx(t)) is evaluated in the time domain and satisfies the following conditions: (i) only one or more waves of the electromagnetic field caused by the excitation signal (utx(t)) and running from the feed connection towards the antenna exist at the location of the antenna; and (ii) the electromagnetic field at the location of the antenna is a TEM field.

Abstract: A power supply line is divided into a plurality of sections by switching devices each having an associated measurement device that detects a current signal at a measurement point at the respective switching device. The current signal is sampled to form current sample values, and a current measurement variable is determined. Each measurement device forms a delta current value (difference between an instantaneous current and a prior measurement), compares the delta current value with a current threshold value and identifies a jump in current when the delta current value overshoots the threshold. The measurement device, upon identifying a current jump, sends a status message indicating the jump. A fault location device identifies a fault on that section of the power supply line delimited by a switching device that has identified a jump and one that has not identified a jump in current.

Abstract: A method determines a location of a single-phase-to-ground fault in an ungrounded power distribution system. The method detects the faulty phase of the distribution system having the fault and compares a difference between an angle of a voltage and an angle of a current measured at a root of a faulty feeder and boundaries of each section of the faulty feeder to determine a faulty section of a faulty feeder having the fault. A line segment of the faulty section is tested for a change of a sign of a voltage on the faulty phase in the faulty section to determine a faulty line segment. The location of the fault is determined based on a distance from a terminal bus of the faulty line segment to a location along the faulty line segment having a value the voltage on the faulty phase equals zero.

Abstract: Disclosed is a test apparatus including: test target sections each having a connector to connect a Device Under the Test (DUT); measuring sections that include measuring devices that have same measuring item respectively; a switch section that switches connection between the test target section and the measuring section under direction of a controller; wherein the controller selects one of the algorithms of connection, 1) searching vacancy of the measuring sections and directs the switch section to make a path between the test target section and the measuring section of vacancy, 2) holding the path that former selected.

Abstract: A method for atom probe tomography (APT) sample preparation from a three-dimensional (3D) field effect transistor device formed within a semiconductor structure is provided. The method may include measuring a capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristic for the 3D field effect transistor device and identifying, based on the measured capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristic, a Fin structure corresponding to the 3D field effect transistor device. The identified Fin structure is detached from the 3D field effect transistor device using a nanomanipulator probe tip. The detached Fin is then welded to the nanomanipulator probe tip using an incident focused ion beam having a voltage of less than about 1000 eV. The incident focused ion beam having a voltage of less than about 1000 eV is applied to a tip of the Fin that is welded to the nanomanipulator probe tip.

Abstract: Apparatus for identifying stable physically unclonable function (PUF) cells includes an array of PUF cells, a bias control circuit, and a selector circuit. The bias control circuit has a plurality of bias control lines that apply one or more bias control signals to each PUF cell in the array of PUF cells. The selector circuit selects a subset of the PUF cells in the array of PUF cells based on whether outputs of the PUF cells in the array of PUF cells change in response to application of the bias control signals. A corresponding method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An exemplary structure for testing an integrated circuit includes a semiconductor substrate and first and second via chains disposed over the substrate. The via chains include a substantially same sequence of segments interconnected at N via regions by a respective first and second via arrangement. The first via arrangement includes MN first vias at each respective via region and the second via arrangement includes MN+KN second vias at each respective via region. The first via arrangement is different than the second via arrangement and KN?1 for at least one via region. The structure includes a voltage sensing apparatus in electrical connection with each via chain and configured to drive a first constant current through the first via chain and to drive a second constant current through the second via chain to measure a differential voltage between the via chains.

Abstract: A test socket assembly, useful in association with a thermal control unit (TCU) used to maintain a set point temperature on an IC device under test, has alignment holes with bushings that are secured within the alignment holes by using retaining pins. The retaining pins can be easily screwed in and out of the socket. This provision allows the bushings to be replaced easily as they get worn out or deformed from repeated testing.

Abstract: A test probe card structure includes a probe card and a connection circuit common plate. The probe card includes a probe substrate, A test circuit board is disposed between the probe substrate and the connection circuit common plate, The test circuit board has a lest circuit connection section attached to and electrically connected with a common circuit adaptation section of the connection circuit common plate. A circuit extension section is formed around the connection circuit common plate, which is all-channel electrically connectable between a tester and the teat circuit connection section. The connection circuit common plate serves to provide an all-channel test circuit convergence connection ability for the test circuit board so as to greatly minify the size of the test circuit board and lower the manufacturing cost of the probe card.

Abstract: A mechanism is described for facilitating and employing a modular processing cell framework according to one embodiment. A method of embodiments may include accepting one or more semiconductor devices in one or more media at a modular processing cell framework (“framework”) including a plurality of test cells, moving the one or more semiconductor devices from the one or more media to one or more test cells for testing; and testing the one or more semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a test input/output port including test pads; an internal input interface configured to generate an internal clock, an internal address, an internal command, internal data and temporary storage data in response to external signals through the test input/output port; and an error detection block configured to determine whether the internal data and the temporary storage data are the same, and output a result through one test pad of the port. The internal input interface includes a data input/output block which generates the internal data and the data input/output block includes a temporary storage part which stores the internal data as the temporary storage data, a data output part which receives the temporary storage data, and a data input part which receives an output of the data output part and outputs it as the internal data.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a die is provided. The die may include a physical unclonable function circuit configured to provide an output signal, wherein the output signal is dependent on at least one physical characteristic specific to the die; and a self-test circuit integrated with the physical unclonable function circuit on the die, wherein the self-test circuit is configured to provide at least one test input signal to the physical unclonable function circuit and to determine as to whether the output signal provided in response to the at least one test input signal fulfills a predefined criterion.

Abstract: A semiconductor device-under-test (DUT) may be tested by an automated test system that processes test programs specifying a number of edges per tester cycle that may be greater than the number of edges the tester is capable of generating. The test system may include circuitry that reduces the number of edges in each cycle of a test program based on data specifying operation of the tester in that cycle and/or a prior cycle. Such a reduction simplifies the circuitry required to implement an edge generator by reducing the total number of timing verniers per channel. Nonetheless, flexibility in programming the test system is retained.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a cubicle type gas insulated switchgear monitoring and diagnosis system that is able to remotely monitor and diagnose the state by measuring and analyzing in real time deterioration of a gas section and the operation state and the integrity assessment of a breaking unit in a cubicle gas insulated switchgear. The system includes the cubicle gas insulated switchgear, a Slave Data Acquisition System connected to the cubicle gas insulated switchgear, and a Master Data Acquisition System that determines deterioration of the cubicle type gas insulated switchgear and the operation state and the integrity assessment of the breaking unit by receiving and analyzing the sensing data from the S-DAS.

Abstract: This application relates a method and a control circuit for determining a charge current of a battery connected to a modulated load, wherein a current limited power source is connected in parallel to the modulated load and the battery for supplying a load dependent current up to a predetermined current limit to the modulated load and the battery. The control circuit comprises means for measuring a current flowing through the battery; means for indicating an overload condition of the current limited power source; and means for determining the charge current of the battery. The means for indicating an overload condition are configured to indicate an overload condition when a sum of a current drawn by the modulated load and a current flowing into the battery exceeds the predetermined current limit of the current limited power source.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system including: plural battery cell sets; and semiconductor devices, wherein: each of the semiconductor devices includes a measuring section, a high side communication section that is supplied with a drive voltage in a first voltage range, and, when a semiconductor device is present at a higher position that operates at a higher operating voltage than the operating voltage of the semiconductor device itself when measuring a battery cell set on the high side of the battery cell set measured by the semiconductor device itself, can perform communication with the high side semiconductor device, a low side communication section, and a communication level converter; the semiconductor device at the highest stage further includes a signal level determination section; and the first voltage range of the highest stage is set to a specific voltage range narrower than the first voltage range of another of the semiconductor devices.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for testing switching of a power semiconductor module, including: a power semiconductor module including a plurality of power semiconductor devices corresponding to a plurality of phases to test a switching operation of a corresponding power semiconductor device; a power supply unit supplying power to the power semiconductor module; a relay switching unit including a plurality of relay switch devices that connects or disconnects between the power semiconductor module and the power supply unit according to a relay control signal; and a control unit controlling the relay switching unit to test on/off characteristics of at least one of the plurality of power semiconductor devices individually or simultaneously, By this configuration, the on/off operations of the plurality of power semiconductor devices are tested individually or simultaneously by the control of the plurality of relay switch devices, thereby improving the user convenience and reducing the test time.

Abstract: A method of designing, for a magneto-resistive (MR) sensor, a protection circuit having a first and a second N-channel field-effect transistor (NFET) and at least one positive-negative (PN) diode is disclosed. The method may include determining a safe operating voltage range for the MR sensor and determining, within the safe operating voltage range, a normal operating voltage range for the MR sensor. The method may also include determining a protection threshold voltage range outside of the normal operating voltage range and within the safe operating voltage range of the MR sensor. The method may also include selecting device parameters to configure the first and second NFETs and the at least one PN diode to, in response to a voltage applied to the MR sensor being within a protection threshold voltage range, limit, by shunting current, the voltage applied to the MR sensor.

Abstract: A high-temperature superconducting magnetic sensor having superconducting layers formed on a substrate, a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) being formed on the superconducting layers, the high-temperature superconducting magnetic sensor includes: a pickup coil that is formed on the superconducting layer and is connected to an inductor of the SQUID; and an input coil that is formed on the superconducting layer, is connected to the inductor of the SQUID and the pickup coil to form a closed loop, and is magnetically coupled with the inductor of the SQUID. In planar view, at least one turn of the input coil surrounds the inductor of the SQUID, or is surrounded by the inductor of the SQUID. The width of the superconductor forming the inductor of the SQUID is 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: A vertical Hall sensor structure according to an embodiment includes a Hall effect region arranged between a first interface and a second interface of the Hall effect region, a first contact, a second contact, a third contact, and a fourth contact, the first, second, third and fourth contacts being closer to the first interface than to the second interface and in contact with the Hall effect region, wherein an electrical resistance between the first and second contacts is substantially equal to an electrical resistance between the third and second contacts, a conductive layer closer to the second interface than to the first interface and in contact with the Hall effect region, the conductive layer comprising a higher conductivity than the Hall effect region, wherein a resistance between the fourth contact and the conductive layer is lower than a resistance between the second contact and the conductive layer.

Abstract: A structure and method are provided for self-test of a Z axis sensor. Two self-test current lines are symmetrically positioned adjacent, but equidistant from, each sense element. The vertical component of the magnetic field created from a current in the self-test lines is additive in a flux guide positioned adjacent, and orthogonal to, the sense element; however, the components of the magnetic fields in the plane of the sense element created by each of the two self-test current line pairs cancel one another at the sense element center, resulting in only the Z axis magnetic field being sensed during the self-test.

Abstract: A magnet is disposed on one face of a hollow section which is the conveyance path of an object of detection, and has a magnetic pole of designated length along the conveyance direction of the object of detection. A magnetic body is disposed along the conveyance direction opposite the magnet with the hollow section therebetween, and generates a cross magnetic field that crosses the hollow section formed between the magnetic body and the magnet. An anisotropic magnetoresistance element is disposed on the side of the magnetic body carrier facing the hollow section, and has magneto-sensing action in the conveyance direction.

Abstract: Described herein is a biasing circuit for a magnetic-field sensor; the magnetic-field sensor is provided with a first detection structure, which generates a first electrical detection quantity as a function of a first component of an external magnetic field, and a second detection structure, which generates a second electrical detection quantity as a function of a second component of an external magnetic field. The biasing circuit electrically supplies the first detection structure and the second detection structure in respective biasing time intervals, at least partially distinct from one another, which preferably do not temporally overlap one other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a hyperpolarized sample material for use in an NMR investigation provides for a cryogenic region having a target material containing a first hyperpolarizable nuclear species, a second hyperpolarizable nuclear species, and a nuclear spin polarizing agent, wherein the first nuclear species has a higher magnetic moment than the second nuclear species. Microwave energy is used to excite electron spin transitions in the polarizing agent in the presence of a magnetic field. The first hyperpolarizable nuclear species is thereby caused to interact with the electron spin system in the polarizing agent and generate hyperpolarization of at least the first nuclear species of the target material. The target material is then subjected to a lowered magnetic field, wherein the lowered magnetic field facilitates polarization transfer by nuclear thermal mixing between the species to thereby hyperpolarize the second nuclear species.

Abstract: An NMR probe has a sample tube insertion port for introducing and withdrawing the sample tube into and from the probe, a sample tube support providing support of the sample tube during NMR measurements, a tubular sample tube passage connecting together the sample tube insertion port and the sample tube support and capable of transporting the sample tube between them, and a gas stream generator for producing a gas stream in the sample tube passage to move the sample tube between the sample tube insertion port and the tube support. The gas stream generator is mounted at an intermediate (non-end) position in the sample tube passage.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance antenna arrangement includes at least one first antenna group including individually-controllable first antenna conductor loops and a second antenna group adjacent to the first antenna group. The second antenna group includes individually-controllable, longitudinal second antenna elements. The first antenna conductor loops essentially extend in a first extending surface and are disposed in the first extending surface in a first direction in a row behind one another. The longitudinal second antenna elements extend with the longitudinal axes transverse to the first direction disposed in parallel next to one another in a second extending surface that runs essentially in parallel to the first extending surface. Each of the second antenna elements are coupled at first and second end areas to a conductive element to form a second conductor loop with the conductive element. The second antenna elements are disposed to overlap an adjacent first antenna loop in each case.

Abstract: A magnet apparatus for a magnetic resonance imaging system, the magnet apparatus includes a vacuum vessel, a helium vessel disposed within the vacuum vessel and a thermal shield disposed between the vacuum vessel and the helium vessel. A set of passive compensation coils are disposed within the vacuum vessel or the helium vessel and used to compensate for magnetic field distortion caused by mechanical vibrations within the magnet apparatus.

Abstract: A method for determining a set of B1 field maps for different transmit channels includes determining a first partial B1 field map having absolute B1 amplitudes for each transmit channel. A gradient echo technique operating with a single gradient echo image is used to determine a relative partial B1 field map having relative B1 amplitudes for each transmit channel. A spatial weighting function for mapping the relative B1 amplitudes onto absolute B1 amplitudes is determined taking into account the first partial B1 field maps and the relative partial B1 field maps of all the transmit channels. The spatial weighting function is used to determine second partial B1 field maps from the relative partial B1 field maps. The B1 field map for each transmit channel is determined from the first and the second partial B1 field map for the respective transmit channel taking into account the subregions and/or the error values.

Abstract: Parallel imaging magnetic resonance reconstruction is performed with temporal sensitivity. Rather than estimate the coil sensitivity once for each coil of an array, the coil sensitivity at different times is estimated. The movement of the patient may result in different sensitivities at different times. By using the time varying sensitivity in iterative, self-consistent, non-linear parallel imaging, real-time imaging may be provided with stable artifacts in view of increasing SNR even with higher reduction factors (e.g., 4-6).

Abstract: A capacitive sensor includes a transmit electrode configured to provide an alternating electric field to a sensor; one or more receive electrodes for detecting variations in the alternating electric field; and an adaptive frequency adjustment unit configured to adjust an operating frequency of the alternating electric field responsive to detection of a noise measure, such as noise power.

Abstract: Method of searching for a variation in capacitance of a capacitive sensor, includes a phase of searching for variation in capacitance and, when a capacitance variation has been detected, a phase of verifying the variation in capacitance. The search phase includes a recurrent step of searching for variation in capacitance including steps of measuring the duration of a first measurement sequence and determining, according to the measured duration, whether a first predefined detection criterion for variation in capacitance is verified. The verification phase includes steps of measuring the duration of a second measurement sequence and determining, according to the measured duration, whether a second predefined detection criterion for variation in capacitance is verified.

Abstract: A transmitting beacon (4) having at least two transmitting current loops (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) that are mutually orthogonal and capable of transmitting electromagnetic waves (5.1, 5.2, 5.3), as well as means (7) for supplying power to the transmitting current loops (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) in series is disclosed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, techniques are employed to estimate a position of a wireless local area network (WLAN) enabled mobile device. The mobile device receives one or more wireless local area network (WLAN) packets transmitted within a range of the mobile device. The mobile device extracts information from the one or more WLAN packets to identify one or more WLAN access points (APs), and caches information indicating an identity of the one or more WLAN APs and a time of detection of the one or more WLAN APs. Subsequent to the caching, a request may be received for a position estimate of the mobile device. In response to the subsequently-received request for the position estimate, the cached information is provided to a WLAN positioning system (WPS) to obtain an estimate of a position of the mobile device.

Abstract: Identifying a location of a mobile device is disclosed (e.g., presuming user consent to the same). One or more received signal strengths (RSSs), comprising a first RSS, may be received by a first access point (AP) from the mobile device. The RSSs may be used to identify a grid area, comprising a first grid space. A signal distance between the first grid space and the first AP may be identified using the first RSS, and combined with a first grid space distance, comprising a known distance between the first grid space and the first AP, to determine a first grid space likelihood score for the first grid space. A second grid space likelihood score may be determined for a second grid space (e.g., and a third, etc.), and the grid space comprising a desired grid space likelihood score (e.g., highest) may be selected as the mobile device location.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate transmitting positioning reference signals (PRS) differently for passive distributed elements. PRSs for passive distributed elements can be transmitted over disparate resources than those utilized for PRSs at a related access point, using different symbol sequences, and/or the like. In this regard, wireless devices can differentiate between PRSs from access points and those from passive distributed elements, which can mitigate confusion for processes involving such RSs, such as position determining. Alternatively, passive distributed elements can refrain from transmitting PRSs, and a corresponding access point can indicate to wireless devices to only determine positioning based on PRSs. Thus, the wireless devices can utilize the PRSs transmitted from the access point (and not other reference signals transmitted from the passive distributed element) to determine a position.

Abstract: An RF emitter sensing device is provided comprising an antenna circuit and an estimator configured to output, for one or more incoming signals-of-interest (SoI), either or both of an estimated range to the emitter of each SoI, and estimates for one or more angles corresponding to the 3D angle-of-arrival (AoA) of each SoI, wherein: the antenna circuit has a plurality of ports that each output an output signal containing the one or more SoI, the antenna circuit including one or more multi-port antennas, each multi-port antenna having two or more ports, each multi-port antenna being configured to pick up a combination of one or more E-field signals and one or more H-field signals from each SoI, in a common volume of space.

Abstract: A radar detector suppresses alerts from vehicle guidance systems, by sweeping for a consistent radar signal; the center frequency of the signal is stored and the detector suppresses warnings of radar signals near that frequency. The detector uses an enhanced method for suppression of signals near a known location of a false signal source; in the event the detector detects a radar signal and finds a matching stored false signal, the detector will first compare the strength of the received signal to a threshold strength that is computed based upon the distance of the detector from the stored false signal, and will only suppress signals below threshold. The detector includes a camera directed to the road in the vicinity of the vehicle. Image data from the camera is processed to identify police vehicles as identified by flashing lights, a profile including a rooftop light bar and/or highly contrasting colored panels.

Abstract: A sensor calibration system for a mobile machine is disclosed. The sensor calibration system may have a positioning device configured to determine a desired sensing location on the mobile machine, a calibration object, and a sensor configured to sense a characteristic of the calibration object from an actual sensing location on the mobile machine and to generate a corresponding signal. The sensor calibration system may also have a controller in communication with the sensor and the positioning device. The controller may be configured to compare the characteristic sensed from the actual sensing location to a known characteristic associated with the desired sensing location, and to determine a difference between the actual sensing location and the desired sensing location based on the comparison. The controller may further be configured to correct subsequent signals generated by the sensor based on the difference.

Abstract: A device for radar applications includes a computing engine, a radar acquisition unit connected to the computing engine, a timer unit connected to the computing engine, a cascade input port, and a cascade output port. The cascade input port is configured to convey an input signal to the computing engine and the cascade output port is configured to convey an output signal from the computing engine. Further, an according system, a radar system, a vehicle with such radar system and a method are provided.

Abstract: A method for determining a DOA (Direction of Arrival) comprises the following steps: (a) providing at least two antennas arranged with a squint angle; (b) producing at least two base beams between two adjacent base beams; (c) every two virtual beams of the multiple virtual beams which cross together at a specific angle are define to a virtual beam set; (d) synthesizing the two virtual beams of each one of the virtual beam sets to be a monopulse; and (e) determining the DOA of the object according to comparison between magnitude of demodulated signals corresponding to the monopulses. A device for estimating a DOA is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and a receiver for receiving positioning signals are disclosed. The positioning signals are received from a plurality of first sources in a first frequency range and from a plurality of second sources in a second frequency range different from the first frequency range. The receiver is switched between the first and second frequency ranges to receive the positioning signals, and the receiver obtains time offset information about a time taken to switch the receiver between the first and second frequency ranges, by obtaining a solution to a set of simultaneous equations based on combined navigation data for the first and second sources.

Abstract: A point response function (PRF) is estimated in SPECT. A 3D PRF is based on measured emissions from a point source at different distances from the detector. Rather than sampling every location in space, the 2D PRFs at a sub-set of distances are sampled. The 3D PRF is then modeled with a representative 2D PRF and a scale as a function of distance. For a given distance from the detector, the 2D PRF to be applied is formed by scaling the representative 2D PRF using the scale for that distance.