Abstract: An apparatus includes a first end and a second end opposed to the first end. A body connects the first end to the second end. The second end includes a mark in a center of the second end, a first plurality of marks positioned on a first axis, a second plurality of marks positioned on the first axis on an opposite side of the center mark as the first plurality of marks, a third plurality of marks positioned on a second axis, a fourth plurality of marks positioned on the second axis on an opposite side of the center mark as the third plurality of marks, a fifth plurality of marks positioned on a third axis, and a sixth plurality of marks positioned on the third axis on an opposite side of the center mark as the fifth plurality of marks.

Abstract: Support assemblies releasably extending between a ballistic vest and a waist encircling belt transfer the loads from the vest to the belt relieving the stress on the wearer's shoulders and spine. Each support assembly has a stiff carbon fiber bar enclosed within webbing which is attached to a side section of the vest such as by extending within a downwardly opening pocket, and is attached to the belt such as by an upwardly opening pocket.

Abstract: Encapsulated arrays with tiles covered with a barrier layer are disclosed. Tiles formed of silicon carbide, and wrapped with a barrier layer, are encapsulated with a base metal formed of a steel alloy. During a casting process, to fabricate the encapsulated arrays, the barrier layer prevents the steel alloy and/or the silicon carbide from compromising each other.

Abstract: Described is a ballistic resistant article, such as a helmet, having a double curved shell in turn has a stack of layers of an oriented anti-ballistic material, the layers having one or more plies and having a plurality of cuts, the ends of which define a central polygon and lobes extending from the polygon. The stack has at least 10 rotationally staggered layers and, for most successive layers, the orientation of the material in the or at least one of the plies is rotationally staggered relative to the orientation of the material in the or at least one of the plies of a successive layer over an angle of 90°±30°.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tonfa baton with integrated spray repellent comprising a primary elongated member and a secondary elongated member, the secondary elongated member having a hollow member and terminates in a spray enclosure. A spray repellent device is housed within the secondary elongated member and further comprises a spray nozzle, a spray trigger, and a spray canister containing a repellent substance. The spray enclosure houses the spray nozzle and spray trigger and has two opposing openings: a spray trigger opening for accessing the spray trigger and a spray nozzle opening for expelling the spray repellent. The spray enclosure can be removed or repositioned to allow the spray repellent device to be replaced by actuating a release button that disengages the spray enclosure from the terminal end of the second elongated member. An alternate embodiment comprises a linear, telescopic baton with the spray device on a terminal end.

Abstract: A smartphone electroshock facility, comprising: a cover (10) of the smartphone (12), for storing therein an electroshock circuitry (16), for generating an electroshock; two electrodes (14), for administrating the electroshock; one or more activation buttons, for activating the electroshock circuitry to generate an electroshock; a safety catch mechanism employing the activation button, for preventing unintentional activation of the electroshock; a communication channel between the smartphone (12) and the electroshock circuitry (16), for controlling therethrough the electroshock circuitry (16) and activating therethrough the shock; and a power source (40, 48), for providing electrical power for generating the electroshock.

Abstract: A firework launching stand includes a hub, a plurality of inlets about the periphery of the hub, each inlet having an open mouth at the periphery and tapering inwardly in width, and at least one securing member for temporarily securing to the hub a firework received within a respective inlet. The firework launching stand lends stability during the activation of fireworks such as consumer-grade fireworks for home and recreational use.

Abstract: An engineered polymer center fire small or medium ammunition cartridge case and methods for manufacturing the same, wherein the engineered polymer material meets the internal & external ballistic standards set by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers Institute and military specifications for center fire rifle small or medium calibers of ammunition cartridges from 0.223 caliber to 30 mm caliber. The cartridge case may allow a projectile to snap into place in the cartridge case mouth after the case is primed and propellant powder is placed into the cartridge case during the cartridge loading process. The rifle cartridge case may be either a single-piece case suitable for use in pistols or a two-piece case suitable for use in rifles, and may be formed by either injection molding or an injection blow molding process. Injection blow molding allows a single piece design. Also disclosed are inventive engineered polymers for use in cartridges.

Abstract: A rimfire cartridge case may comprise a cylindrical case body, a case head disposed at a first end of the cylindrical case body, and a case mouth disposed at a second end of the cylindrical case body. The case head may have a circumference greater than a circumference of the cylindrical case body. The case head may comprise a hollow envelope configured to contain a priming mixture. The case mouth may be configured to mechanically engage a projectile. The cylindrical case body and the case head may be integrally formed in a single piece from a polymer material to define a chamber configured to hold a propellant and to contain a pressure generated by the propellant when the propellant is ignited by the priming mixture. Also disclosed are inventive engineered polymers for use in cartridges.

Abstract: A method of blasting rock, in mining for recoverable material, comprising drilling blastholes in a blast zone, loading the blastholes with explosives and then firing the explosives in the blastholes in a single cycle of drilling, loading and blasting. The blast zone comprises a high energy blast zone in which blastholes are partially loaded with a first explosive to provide a high energy layer of the high energy blast zone having a powder factor of at least 1.75 kg of explosive per cubic metre of unblasted rock in the high energy layer and in which at least some of those blastholes are also loaded with a second explosive to provide a low energy layer of the high energy blast zone between the high energy layer and the adjacent end of those blastholes, said low energy layer having a powder factor that is at least a factor of two lower than the powder factor of said high energy layer.

Abstract: A jaw-mounted magnet accessory is provided for being coupled to a caliper measuring jaw. The jaw-mounted magnet accessory includes a magnet configuration and a mounting arrangement interface. The magnet configuration includes at least one magnet that produces a magnetic field that extends from an operational face of the magnet configuration. The jaw-mounted magnet accessory is configured to locate the operational face of the magnet configuration proximate to the workpiece engagement surface of the caliper jaw so as to hold a workpiece (e.g., made of ferrous material) against the workpiece engagement surface. Utilization of the magnetic field to hold the workpiece in flush alignment with the workpiece engagement surface makes it more convenient to handle small or thin workpieces and/or may increase the accuracy and repeatability for measurements of some workpieces.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a reel ruler structure that includes a casing, a push element pivotally installed therein with an edge extended outside, a compressing element pivotally positioned inside the casing, a linkage pivotally connected with both the push element and the compressing element for a linked movement, and an elastic element installed in between the push element and the casing so as to enable the compressing element to secure a ruler. A pressing to the push element will release the ruler for a short period of time and a relief to the push element will reset the compressing element and the push element by the elastic element. An enhancement of both convenience and safety in operating the reel ruler is thus achieved.

Abstract: A tape measure includes a measuring tape extending from a tape measure body. A square may pivot between a first, retracted position alongside of the tape measure body and a second, in use position, extending outward from the tape measure body. The tape measure can include at least two levels disposed orthogonal to one another. The tape measure can also include at least two laser lights, emitting light orthogonal to one another. The tape of the tape measure may include measurement designations shown in one or more languages. Additionally, the tape of the tape measure may include measurements in various formats, including SAE, metric, or the like. The measurement designations may be similarly applied to a ruler of various lengths, such as 12-inch, 18-inch, 36-inch or 1-meter, for example.

Abstract: A trajectory display device, by which an operator can visually and easily compare actual trajectories of a motor end and a machine end, and can easily determine a reason for deviation between the trajectories. The device has a motor-side position obtaining part which obtains positional information of a motor at predetermined sampling periods of time; a motor end actual coordinate calculating part which calculates an actual coordinate value of the motor end based on mechanical information and the positional information of the motor; a machine end data obtaining part which obtains point sequence data on an actual trajectory of the machine end; and a displaying part which displays and overlaps the actual coordinate of the motor end and the point sequence data of the machine end, as actual trajectories of the motor end and the machine end, so that central coordinates of the trajectories coincide with each other.

Abstract: There is provided a measuring device having a pair of pivoted arms, the ends of which remote from the pivot having an associated tape. The tape is fixed to one arm and extends internally through the other arm to be wound on to a biased reel located in a housing part, the reel taking up any slack in the tape.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gauging jig, for gauging whether projections of first and second rollers, which are disposed in parallel on both sides of a carrying surface of a platform, coincide on the surface. The gauging jig includes a pointer instrument which is provided on a side of the platform and perpendicular to the carrying surface. The pointer instrument has a first end and a second end. The first end is connected to the first roller and intersects with a central axis of the first roller, while the second end extends close to the second roller. With the gauging jig, an operator can promptly and accurately gauge whether the projections of the first and second rollers coincide on the carrying surface. Therefore, gauging time can be saved while times of trial production can be reduced or even omitted, thereby improving the production efficiency and reducing cost.

Abstract: A position detecting system detects and responds to the movement of a target through a sensing domain area of a plane. The movement causes the amount of the target that lies within a first sensing domain area of a first sensor to change. A second sensor detects a height from the plane to a sensor for enhancing accuracy of measurements from the first sensor.

Abstract: Split Integration Mode (SIM) acquisition schemes are presented that enable optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging at multiple rates. SIM enables a system and method of operation having a first mode and a second mode, wherein the fundamental acquisition rate of the detector is the same in the two modes, but wherein the generated signals in the second mode are digitally combined prior to signal processing to create a data set with an effective acquisition rate less than the fundamental acquisition rate.

Abstract: Provided is an optical tomographic device for simultaneously acquiring a plurality of tomographic images at a same position in a subject without narrowing a depthwise measurement range. A measurement light generator generates at least two measurement lights with different optical path lengths, superimposes the at least two measurement lights, radiates the resultant light to a subject, and splits reflected light reflected from the subject into at least two reflected lights. A reference light generator generates at least two reference lights with different optical path lengths. An interfering light generator combines the at least two reflected lights and the at least two reference lights having corresponding different optical path lengths, to generate at least two interfering lights. An interfering light detector detects the at least two interfering lights independently by at least two interfering light detectors.

Abstract: A method for measuring a distance includes modulating the light beam at a first frequency, receiving a second beam by the optical detector to produce a first electrical signal having the first frequency and a first phase; modulating the light beam at a second frequency different than the first frequency; receiving the second beam by the optical detector to produce a second electrical signal having the second frequency and a second. After these steps, the retroreflector is moved while modulating the light beam continuously at the second frequency; and a first distance to the retroreflector is determined based at least in part on a the first and second frequencies and phases.

Abstract: A height measurement method is provided. The method includes: detecting, at a sensor of an electronic device, a distance between the electronic device and an object to be measured; emitting, from two apertures of the sensor, two beams of light, wherein one of the beams is directed at a first end of the object to form a first light spot at the first end of the object and the other one of the beams is directed at a second end of the object to form a second light spot at the second end of the object; obtaining, at the electronic device, a first angle between one of the beams and a horizontal line and a second angle between the other one of the beams and the horizontal line; and calculating, at the electronic device, a height of the object based on the first and second angles and the distance.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for measuring the thickness on at least one transparent or translucent medium and detecting the presence and/or location of any conductive coating on a non-conductive medium surface are described.

Abstract: A high precision signal sensing system and method using an infrared light is provided. The high precision signal sensing system may receive, from a light emitting device, a plurality of lights including a first light and a second light, may measure intensities of the first light and the second light, and may measure a light emitting intensity of the light emitting device based on an intensity difference between the measured light receiving intensities.

Abstract: To measure a three-dimensional shape of a measurement target object at high speed, an information processing method includes acquiring a captured image captured by an imaging apparatus in a state where a pattern is projected onto the measurement target object, the pattern including a plurality of lines, identification information arranged on or between the lines to identify the lines, and a feature arranged between a plurality of the lines, identifying each line included in the captured image by acquiring a correspondence between each line included in the projected pattern and each line included in the captured image, determining a second region in the pattern corresponding to a first region between the lines in the captured image, and deriving a distance of the measurement target object by acquiring a correspondence between the first region and the determined second region.

Abstract: A device for scanning and obtaining three-dimensional coordinates is provided. The device may be a hand-held scanner that includes a carrying structure having a front and reverse side, the carrying structure having a first arm, a second arm and a third arm arranged in a T-shape or a Y-shape. A housing is coupled to the reverse side, a handle is positioned opposite the carrying structure, the housing and carrying structure defining an interior space. At least one projector is configured to project at least one pattern on an object, the projector being positioned within the interior space and oriented to project the at least one pattern from the front side. At least two cameras are provided spaced apart from each other, the cameras being configured to record images of the object. The cameras and projector are spaced apart from each other by a pre-determined distance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for aligning tracks of a roadwork machine, characterized by using a track alignment detection unit that is attached to a first track unit for allowing detection of an orientation of the first track unit, and frame orientation detection means that are attached to the machine frame for allowing detection of an orientation of the machine frame, the method comprising determining an initial orientation of the machine frame, and determining an initial orientation of the first track unit, determining whether a difference between a most recently determined orientation of the machine frame and a most recently determined orientation of the first track unit is within a predefined threshold value, initializing a pivoting of the first track unit, determining a changed orientation of the first track unit after the pivoting, and determining an orientation of the machine frame after the pivoting.

Abstract: A surface roughness measurement device that in one embodiment includes main and auxiliary emitting fibers, multiple collecting fibers, an optical housing, main and auxiliary reflective mirrors, and an external circuit. The optical housing includes the fibers and defines an aperture for optically contacting a surface of an object. The main reflective mirror is arranged in the optical housing, for reflecting light emitted from the main emitting fiber to a detecting point of the aperture and reflected light by the object to the collecting fibers. The auxiliary reflective mirror is arranged in the optical housing, for reflecting light emitted from the auxiliary emitting fiber to the detecting point. The external circuit is for generating a laser beam to the main and auxiliary emitting fibers, collecting the reflected light from the collecting fibers, and calculating the surface roughness of the object based on the collected reflected light.

Abstract: A film thickness measuring device including: a terahertz wave generator; a prism that has an entrance surface, an abutment surface capable of abutting a surface of a sample including a first film on a side where the first film is formed, and an emission surface; a terahertz wave detector that detects an S-polarization component and a P-polarization component of a reflected wave from the sample, emitted from the emission surface of the prism; and a control section configured to determine a thickness of the first film formed in the sample, based on a difference between a time waveform of the S-polarization component of the reflected wave and a time waveform of the P-polarization component of the reflected wave.

Abstract: Various embodiments associated with signal conversion while underwater are described. A source can transmit an alternating current signal with a relatively high frequency over a relatively long distance. The alternating current signal with the relatively high frequency can be converted to an alternating current signal with a relatively low frequency. An example of this conversion can be done by converting the alternating current signal with the relatively high frequency into a direct current signal. The direct current signal can then be converted into the alternating current signal with the relatively low frequency. The alternating current signal with the relatively low frequency can be transmitted from a transmission coil to a pick-up coil. After reception by the pick-up coil the alternating current signal with the relatively low frequency can be processed, such as processed to determine a direction of the source of the alternating current signal with the relatively high frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a position calculating system for a haulage vehicle including wheels and a body frame mounted on the wheels. The system includes an attitude detection sensor fixed on the body frame, a wheel rotational speed sensor, a loading status information acquiring unit, a correction amount setting unit, a velocity vector calculating unit, and a position calculating unit. The loading status information acquiring unit acquires loading status information indicating whether the body frame is in a loaded state or in an unloaded state . The correction amount setting unit calculates, based on the attitude information, a correction amount required for bringing detection axes in the loaded state into coincidence with corresponding detection axes in the unloaded state. The velocity vector calculating unit calculates the velocity vector of the haulage vehicle. The position calpulating unit calculates a position of the haulage vehicle by using the velocity vector.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and devices for bias estimation and correction, particularly for time-of-arrival (TOA) based wireless geolocation systems. Multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) biases can cause distance estimation errors in the range of tens-hundreds of meters and is particularly problematic in urban and indoor environments. The behaviour of the biases dynamically changes depending on the clutter and/or obstructions between the base station and the mobile device. Aspects of the present invention provide practical real-time bias estimation and correction techniques for TOA-based systems and are based on inferring and estimating the biases from dynamic time differential measurements. The techniques can operate in real-time and involve simple calculations.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods are described for integrating an electronic metrology sensor with precision production equipment such as computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines. For example, a laser distance measuring sensor is used. Measurements are taken at a relatively high sample rate and converted into a format compatible with other data generated or accepted by the CNC machine. Measurements from the sensor are synchronized with the position of the arm of the machine such as through the use of offsets. Processing yields a detailed and highly accurate three-dimensional map of a workpiece in the machine. Applicable metrology instruments include other near continuously reading non-destructive characterization instruments such as contact and non-contact dimensional, eddy current, ultra-sound, and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) sensors.

Abstract: A height measuring apparatus comprising a main body portion adapted for placement upon an object to be measured, and a movable portion which is movable relative to the main body portion, wherein the movable portion comprises a laser source and a photo detector, the movable portion being movable so that a laser beam from the laser source can be directed to the ground when the main body is placed on the object to be measured.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a motion sensor for detecting movement of the electronic device and a pressure sensor for detecting changes in elevation of the electronic device. Applications that run on the electronic device such as health and fitness applications may use motion sensor and pressure sensor data to track a user's physical activity. For example, processing circuitry in the electronic device may use the motion sensor to track a user's steps and the pressure sensor to track changes in the user's elevation. The processing circuitry may determine whether the user is climbing stairs based on the user's step rate and the user's changes in elevation. When the processing circuitry determines that the user is climbing stairs, the processing circuitry may use the pressure sensor and motion sensor to track and store the number of flights of stairs climbed by the user.

Abstract: A targeting assembly includes a pipe that is installed in a construction environment. A housing is structured to be coupled to the pipe. A level is coupled to the housing so the level indicates an inclination of the pipe. A laser is coupled to the housing so the laser directs a laser beam toward a wall. The laser beam indicates a location that the pipe will penetrate the wall. An actuator is coupled to the housing. The actuator is electrically coupled to the laser so the actuator selectively actuates the laser.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for systems and methods to provide automatic and substantially continuous calibration for compasses mounted to moving structures. A compass calibration system may include a logic device configured to receive one or more sensor signals and determine a corrected magnetic field based, at least in part, on a measured local magnetic field. The logic device may be adapted to receive an angular velocity, an acceleration, the measured local magnetic field, and/or a speed of a mobile structure; generate stabilized roll and pitch components of an orientation of the mobile structure based, at least in part, on the acceleration and angular velocity; and determine the corrected magnetic field based, at least in part, on the speed, the local magnetic field, the stabilized roll and pitch components, and/or the angular velocity.

Abstract: A rotation-rate sensor having a substrate with main extension plane, for detecting a rotation rate, extending in a direction parallel/orthogonal to the main plane; the sensor including a primary/secondary pair of seismic masses; the primary pair having first/second primary masses; the secondary pair having first/second secondary masses; the first/second primary masses being movable relative to the substrate along a primary deflection direction extending parallel to the main plane; the first/second secondary masses being movable relative to the substrate along a secondary deflection direction extending parallel to the main plane; the first/second primary masses and the first/second primary masses being movable antiparallel or parallel to one another corresponding to the deflection direction, essentially extending orthogonally to the secondary deflection direction; and the primary pair and/or secondary pair being drivable so that, based on sensor rotation, the Coriolis force leads to deflection of the first/sec

Abstract: A physical quantity sensor element is formed into a plane-shape which extends along an XY plane, and is provided with a driving portion which vibrates in a Z-axis direction, a detecting portion which vibrates in an X-axis direction due to Coriolis effect acting on the driving portion, a beam portion which connects the driving portion and the detecting portion, a fixing portion, and a beam portion which connects the detecting portion and the fixing portion, in which a spring constant of the beam portion in the Z-axis direction is smaller than a spring constant of the beam portion in the Z-axis direction, and a spring constant of the beam portion in the Z-axis direction is greater than a spring constant of the beam portion in the X-axis direction.

Abstract: A physical quantity sensor element of the invention is formed into a plane-shape along an XY plane, and is provided with two driving portions which vibrate in a Z-axis direction, two detecting portions, four beam portions which connect one driving portion and one detecting portion, four beam portions which connect the other detecting portion and the other driving portion, and a coupling portion of which one end is connected to a portion in one of the driving portion and the other end is connected to a portion in the other diving portion in which the each of the deriving portions includes a beam portion which is connected to the end portion of the coupling portion and is deformable so as to reduce a change of a posture of each of the driving portions with respect to an XY plane.

Abstract: A physical quantity sensor element is provided with a detecting portion, a driving portion, a beam portion which connects a detecting portion and the driving portion to each other, and in which the beam portion includes a branched portion. The beam portion includes two mass portion side beam portions which extend from two position of the driving portion, which are different from each other, and two supporting portion side beam portions which extend from two positions of the detecting portion, which are different from each other, and in which both end portions on the detecting portion side of two mass portion side beam portions are connected to each other, and both end portions on the driving portion side of two supporting portion side beam portions are connected to each other.

Abstract: An integrated optomechanical disk vibratory gyroscope device includes a mechanical oscillator having a substantially circular structure. The substantially circular structure is supported by a pillar, and mechanically isolated from a surrounding structure by a gap or slot. One or more actuators are coupled to the mechanical oscillator across the gap or slot. Each of the one or more actuators is configured to excite the mechanical oscillator in a driving mode. One or more optomechanical cavities are disposed substantially in a plane defined by the mechanical oscillator. At least one component of the one or more optomechanical cavities is disposed on or in the substantially circular structure. Each of the at least one or more optomechanical cavities configured to measure a displacement of the mechanical oscillator in a sensing mode. A method of manufacture is also described.

Abstract: An optical rotation sensor is provided, comprising an optical ring resonator (RR) formed by a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PhC) waveguide, and a bus waveguide. A light input section of the bus waveguide is connectable to a light source, and a light output section of the bus waveguide is connectable to a light detector. The bus waveguide is optically coupled to the ring resonator within a coupling area which is located between the light input section and the light output section of the bus waveguide. The optical rotation sensor is configured to measure a shift of frequency of a resonance area (or a plurality of resonance areas) close to a band edge of a photonic band gap of the ring resonator, wherein the shift of frequency is caused by a rotation of the optical rotation sensor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus includes strategies for improving required time of arrival reliability by an aircraft comprising determining a speed correction for one of AT speed constraints or an AT or ABOVE speed constraints, wherein the determining is selected from one or more of the mechanisms from the group consisting of continuous RTA speed management between constraints, padding of the AT speed constraints and the AT or ABOVE speed constraints; decelerating proactively; and using a variable guidance margin, wherein the guidance margin is a speed change not reflected in a flight plan prediction.

Abstract: A system or a method is provided to provide shopping detours to users during traffic congestions. In particular, the system may detect that a user is experiencing or is about to experience a traffic congestion. The system may then estimate the additional travel time needed to go through the traffic congestion. The system may also find shopping detours which allow the user to take the shopping detours to make purchases and still arrive at the final destination at about the same time as if the user stays in the original route with the traffic congestion.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to enhancing the navigation solution of a portable device using map information. Sensor data for the portable device may be used to derive a navigation solution. Position information for the device may be estimated using the navigation solution. Map information for an area encompassing a current location of the user may also be obtained. Multiple hypotheses regarding possible positions of the portable device may be generated using the estimated position information and the map information. By managing and processing the hypotheses, updated estimated position information may be provided. The updated estimated position information may be provided as output or feedback to enhance the navigation solution.

Abstract: A system and method for mapping parameter data acquired by a robot mapping system is disclosed. Parameter data characterizing the environment is collected while the robot localizes itself within the environment using landmarks. Parameter data is recorded in a plurality of local grids, i.e., sub-maps associated with the robot position and orientation when the data was collected. The robot is configured to generate new grids or reuse existing grids depending on the robot's current pose, the pose associated with other grids, and the uncertainty of these relative pose estimates. The pose estimates associated with the grids are updated over time as the robot refines its estimates of the locations of landmarks from which determines its pose in the environment. Occupancy maps or other global parameter maps may be generated by rendering local grids into a comprehensive map indicating the parameter data in a global reference frame extending the dimensions of the environment.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a traveled route of a mobile device in a mobile network. A determination is made of a series of consecutive movements of the mobile device along a path of locations from an origin location of the path at an earliest activity of a plurality of activities of the mobile device to a destination location of the path at a latest activity of the plurality of activities. Historical sets of routes of the mobile device are accessed from storage. At least one common route is ascertained from the set of routes, wherein the locations in each common route include all of the locations on the path. A common route of the at least one common route is designated as the traveled route of the mobile device.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a route based on a preference are provided. The system includes a destination receiver to receive a destination from a GPS receiver in communication with a GPS system; a preference retriever to retrieve the preference based on a parameter, the preference being based on a recorded decision made by an operator associated with the GPS receiver or the GPS system in traversing a path to the destination; and a route analyzer to determine the route based on at least one of the preference or an optimal route calculated by a GPS system in communication with the GPS retriever. Also provided is a method for monitoring a preference associated with a route.

Abstract: A system and method of providing information about a transport service to user devices are described. The system arranges a transport service for a first user and a second user. The system determines first data corresponding to a first route from a location of a driver device of the driver to a first pickup location of the first user and second data corresponding to a second route from the first pickup location to a second pickup location of the second user. A combined route is determined based on the first data and the second data. The system transmits data associated with the first data without transmitting the data corresponding to the combined route to a first user device of the first user, and transmits data corresponding to the combined route to a second user device of the second user.

Abstract: A method of providing route attribute information is described, together with a device for performing the same. The method comprises accessing information indicative of a primary route to a destination location determined with respect to a trip database storing information indicative of a personal road network of a user of a mobile device, and an attribute of the primary route. One or more alternate routes to the destination location are determined, together with an attribute of each alternate route. Attribute information associated with at least one alternate route to the destination is output when a location of the mobile device is proximal to a decision point of the personal road network.