Abstract: A metallic layer is formed on a resin-made dial plate main body by surface treatment. A front surface of the main body is provided with a circular or arc-shaped second design face around a rotation shaft of a pointer, and a first inwardly inclined face and an outwardly inclined face continued to the second design face so as to rim an inside and an outside of the second design face and gradually extending toward a rear surface as extending away from the second design face. These first inwardly inclined face and outwardly inclined face are provided on a smooth face. Other portions except these first inwardly inclined face and outwardly inclined face are provided on a corrugated face on which a plurality of convexes and concaves are formed and having a surface roughness rougher than the smooth face.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a plastic fuel tank including: a) inserting a plastic parison including two distinct parts into an open two-cavity mold; b) inserting a core, bearing at least part of a reinforcing element configured to create a link between the two parison parts, inside the parison; c) pressing the parison firmly against the mold cavities, for example by blowing through the core and/or creating suction behind the cavities; d) fixing the part of the reinforcing element to at least one of the parison parts using the core; e) withdrawing the core; f) closing the mold, bringing its two cavities together to grip the two parison parts around their periphery to weld them together; g) injecting a pressurized fluid into the mold and/or creating a vacuum behind the mold cavities to press the parison firmly against the mold cavities; and h) opening the mold and extracting the tank.

Abstract: Apparatuses for expanding tubing and methods of use are provided herein. An exemplary process may include heating tubing to an expansion temperature, expanding the heated tubing within an expansion chamber by injecting a first fluid within the heated tubing to expand the heated tubing, and constraining expansion of the heated tubing within the expansion chamber by introducing a second fluid between an outer sidewall of the heated tubing and an inner sidewall of the expansion chamber.

Abstract: A grasping device for a bead ring grasps the bead ring formed of a wire wound around an annular winding unit provided on the outer circumferential surface of a rotary body while fixing a beginning and a termination of the wire. The grasping device includes an upper grasping unit that grasps an upper part of the bead ring and a lower receiver that receives a lower part of the bead ring. The upper grasping unit is formed of a pair of grasping bodies that can be released from each other and closed relative to each other so as to clamp the upper part of the bead ring therebetween. The lower receiver is formed of a receiving recessed part that receives the lower end of the bead ring.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a tire by the steps of producing and assembling the tire structural elements on a toroidal support to form a green tire, and the step of precuring at least an inner surface of the green tire by heating the toroidal support. The radially inner surface of the toroidal support is provided with a plurality of protruding elements to reduce the time required for the outer surface of the toroidal support to reach a temperature which is suitable for ensuring a uniform and homogeneous precuring of the inner surface of the green tire, preferably of the inner surface and the bead regions of the green tire.

Abstract: An apparatus for molding articles includes a first mold carrier configured to angularly displace relative to a fixed structure from a first molding position to first accessing position and a second mold carrier traveling with the first mold carrier and configured to angularly displace relative to the first mold carrier from a second molding position to a second accessing position. The first mold carrier may be pivotably coupled to the fixed structure; the second mold carrier may be slidably and rotatably coupled to the first mold carrier. A third mold carrier may be provided, and the second mold carrier may be located between the first and third mold carriers. An articulation mechanism may be provided to control relative motion of the second mold carrier relative to the first mold carrier as the first mold carrier pivots relative to the fixed structure. A method for molding articles is also provided.

Abstract: A roller press suited for pressing matter between rollers. Parallel shafts each have a roller fitted over the shaft. At an end of each shaft is a slot with an underlying pocket. Across an inside end of the roller is a pin. When a roller is installed over a shaft, the pin engages into the slot and then into the pocket. When the shaft is rotated under torque the pin seats inside the pocket and cannot be axially removed from the shaft. When the torque is removed the pin and slot can re-align allowing removal of the roller from the shaft for easy maintenance and cleaning.

Abstract: A device for producing a three-dimensional structure from a receiver includes a deposition unit that deposits toner on the receiver. That unit is controlled by a controller to produce a toner pattern on the receiver. A fusing device includes first and second rotatable members having respective, different compliances and a mount that selectively retains the members with respect to each other to form a fusing nip and permits adjustment of respective forces between the members at each end. A directing unit entrains the receiver around the second member so that the receiver passes through the fusing nip. A softening device softens the toner of the toner pattern so that as the second member rotates through successive revolutions, corresponding layer areas of the receiver are defined and the softened toner in each layer area adheres to the second surface of the receiver in an adjacent layer area.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a flat bottom pillow pouch that can stand upright on its bottom transverse seal. The flat bottom pillow bag can be made from the same film as a standard pillow pouch and requires less film than prior art stand up packages. The flat bottom pillow pouch disclosed herein has no gussets.

Abstract: A method for forming a tubular sheet product roll includes providing a sheet product roll having a first configuration and a void, centering a rotational axis of the sheet product roll on a longitudinal axis of a first tool, and inserting the first tool into the void of the sheet product roll to define an inner diameter of the void and to form the sheet product roll having a second configuration different from the first configuration.

Abstract: A method for forming a tubular sheet product roll includes providing a sheet product roll having a first configuration and a void, centering a rotational axis of the sheet product roll on a longitudinal axis of a first tool, and inserting the first tool into the void of the sheet product roll to define an inner diameter of the void and to form the sheet product roll having a second configuration different from the first configuration.

Abstract: Variously configured sub-laminate modules are provided, which comprise at least a first ply and a second ply, the first ply comprising fibers extending in a first orientation, the second ply comprising fibers extending in a second orientation. The second orientation is offset relative to the first orientation, which offset defines an acute angle between the two orientations. The acute angle is less than 90 degrees and in at least one embodiment, the acute angle is approximately 25°. In certain embodiments, the acute angle further defines an unbalanced structure of the sub-laminate module. In certain embodiments, the first and second plies may be further secured relative to one another in a non-crimped configuration. Composite laminated structures formed from various embodiments of the sub-laminate modules are also provided, at least some of which may be homogenized. Various methods of manufacturing the sub-laminate modules and the composite laminated structures are also provided.

Abstract: An injection molded body includes a fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin composition formed by combining fibrous filler with thermoplastic resin so that the weight average fiber length in the injection molded body is 300 ?m or more, and the injection molded body has a skin layer, a core layer and a skin layer in this order in the thickness direction. The thickness of the core layer, in which the primary orientation direction of the fibrous filler is 40° or less when the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the resin composition at the time of injection molding is set at 0°, is 20% or less relatively to the thickness of the injection molded body.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminiferous nonwoven fabric with a high woodpulp content suitable for use in wipes, absorbent articles and other applications, and a method of making the same. The laminiferous nonwoven comprises 3 layers bonded together, where the outer layers are lightweight meltspun webs and the middle layer comprises mainly woodpulp fibers. Each of the first (3), second (2) and third (4) nonwoven layer are preferably first formed separately and individually to be self-supported webs, whereafter the three self-supported webs are brought together essentially immediately before bonding them together. When used as a substrate for wet wipes, the inventive fabric exhibits a combination of several useful properties; good wet and dry softness and bulk, good wet abrasion resistance and low wet linting propensity, and where the majority raw material is woodpulp.

Abstract: An optical layered body that can reduce the occurrence of curling and has excellent workability when being affixed to a polarizing element or a display panel is provided. In particular is provided an optical layered body having a hard coat layer on one side of a triacetylcellulose substrate, wherein a Martens hardness (N1) of the surface of the hard coat layer, a Martens hardness (N2) of the center of the cross-section of the hard coat layer, and a Martens hardness (N3) of the center of the cross-section of a triacetylcellulose substrate as measured by nanoindentation at a load of 10 mN are as follows: the Martens hardness (N1) is 200 to 450 N/mm2; the Martens hardness (N2) is 100 to 300 N/mm2; and the Martens hardness (N3) is 150 to 250 N/mm2.

Abstract: Provided is a resin article having a layer-separated structure. The resin article may include a first resin layer and a second resin layer formed on the first resin layer. Also, the component of the first resin layer is detected on a surface of the second resin layer by infrared spectrometer. The resin article may have improved mechanical and surface characteristics. Further, since coating or plating is not required for manufacturing a resin article, a manufacturing time and/or cost can be reduced, and productivity can be increased.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyester film wherein an adhesive layer including a thermoplastic elastomer including a monovinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon and a conjugated diene, a compatibilizer having a glass transition temperature of 35 to 150° C., and a polyester resin having a glass transition temperature of 35 to 150° C. and a carboxyl group content of 10 to 100 mg KOH/g is laminated on a polyester substrate.

Abstract: A metal foil including: a steel layer whose thickness is 10 to 200 ?m; an alloy layer which contains Fe and Al and which is formed on the steel layer; and an Al-containing metal layer arranged on the alloy layer, wherein, when a cutting-plane line of a surface of the Al-containing metal layer is defined as a contour curve and an approximation straight line of the contour curve is defined as a contour average straight line, a maximum point, whose distance from the contour average straight line is more than 10 ?m, is absent on the contour curve, and a thickness of the alloy layer is 0.1 to 8 ?m and the alloy layer contains an Al7Cu2Fe intermetallic compound or FeAl3 based intermetallic compounds.

Abstract: Multi-layer material comprising a plurality of wood-based sheets (14) comprising at least a layer (11, 12) of metal material interposed between two wood-based sheets (14).

Abstract: The invention relates to a blown film coextrusion process. The process involves extruding core contact layers through a die exit at a specified speed and cooling, orienting and crystallizing the multi-layer film formed at a specified deformation rate to form a the frost line is a specified distance from the die exit by withdrawing film at a take up speed. The core and core contact layers are of a film forming polymer composition comprising at least 90 wt % of ethylene based polymer. The ethylene based polymer of the core layer has an average density of ethylene based polymers equal to or higher than that of ethylene based polymer of the core contact layers. The invention specifically concerns the feature that the core layer composition contains a portion of and the composition of the core contact layers contains a portion of a linear polyethylene so as to make the core layer more resistant to deformation than the skin layers.

Abstract: Described herein are improved dewetting methods and improved patterned articles produced using such methods. The improved methods and articles generally implement continuous ultra-thin metal-containing films or film stacks as the materials to be dewetted. For example, a method can involve the steps of providing a substrate that has a continuous ultra-thin metal-containing film or film stack disposed on a surface thereof, and dewetting at least a portion of the continuous ultra-thin metal-containing film or film stack to produce a plurality of discrete metal-containing dewetted islands on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a device for producing a strip (7) obtained by longitudinally welding together at least two individual strips (2, 3), characterized in that sections of the individual strips are deflected in a vertical direction (III) before being welded together, and the deflected sections of the strips (2, 3) are guided past a welding head of a welding apparatus (6) in the vertical direction (III) and are welded together by the welding head.

Abstract: A method for joining two components includes positioning a thermoplastic polymer portion of a first component adjacent a thermoplastic polymer portion of a second component such that the first and second portions form an interface. At least one of the portions includes a microstructure having a plurality of closed cells, each cell containing a void and each cell having a maximum dimension extending across the void. The method also includes exerting pressure on the thermoplastic polymer portions to form a bond at the interface that holds the portions together. The plurality of closed cells, and especially those adjacent the surface of the thermoplastic polymer portion that form the interface, help isolate thermally and/or chemically the surface from the remainder of the portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for producing a skirting strip prefinished at the factory of the nature of a skirting for floor coverings made of plastic, PVC, rubber, linoleum, or related materials for producing a moisture-tight wall transition. The device consists of a melting and application unit (10) and an edge support wedge molding profile (21), which is functionally connected via a transport device (4) for the strip-shaped blank (6) to the shaping unit (1), and which molds, calibrates, and simultaneously attaches to the convex curvature of the strip-shaped blank (6), the edge support wedge made of molten plastic or hot-melt adhesive.

Abstract: A mandrel for composite fabrication includes an open cell foam carrier and at least one vacuum bag enclosing the open cell foam carrier.

Abstract: Various embodiments concern a method of attaching a microactuator to a flexure, depositing a wet mass of structural adhesive on the flexure, mounting the microactuator on the wet mass of structural adhesive, partially curing the mass of structural adhesive through a first application of curing energy, and depositing a mass of conductive adhesive on the flexure. The mass of conductive adhesive is deposited in contact with the mass of structural adhesive. The state of partial curing of the structural adhesive prevents the conductive adhesive from wicking between the flexure and the underside of the microactuator and displacing the structural adhesive which may otherwise result in shorting to a stainless steel layer of the flexure. The method further comprises fully curing the mass of structural adhesive and the conductive adhesive through a second application of curing energy.

Abstract: An example of a composite structure is a containment case 2 for a gas turbine engine 1 which comprises an annular housing 3 and an annular flange 4 which is integral with and is positioned at an end of the housing 3. The housing 3 comprises composite material which includes tape 9 laid in the circumferential direction of the housing. The flange 4 comprises composite material which includes tape 8 laid at an oblique angle to the circumferential direction of the flange 4 and/or tape 7 laid at a perpendicular angle to the circumferential direction. The flange 4 does not include tape 9 laid in the circumferential direction of the flange, because such tape would impede the forming of the flange material to form the flange.

Abstract: The disclosure provides novel composite materials and methods for making such composite materials.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of manufacturing a transparent wear resistant surface layer (1). The method may include the steps of, applying a decorative material on a carrier, applying a dry powder layer comprising a mix of processed wood fibers, binder and wear resistant particles above the decorative layer, curing the mix to a decorative surface, including the transparent wear resistant layer, by applying heat and pressure on the mix. In a preferred embodiment the method includes the step of pressing the mix against an embossed matrix to create an embossed decorative surface with high wear resistance.

Abstract: A production method of a metallic decorative sheet (10) which is insert-molded integrally with a thermoplastic resin molded body (20) to constitute an insert molded body (1) has steps of: laminating a specular ink layer (12) on one surface of a transparent thermoplastic resin film (11) in a region except an edge region serving as an edge portion of the insert molded body (1) and in a region for displaying a metallic design on an outer surface of the insert molded body (1), and laminating a non-specular ink layer (13) on the specular ink layer (12) and on the surface of the transparent thermoplastic resin film (11) where the specular ink layer (12) is not laminated.

Abstract: A flexible carrier mount for mounting of a carrier substrate when the carrier substrate is detached from a product substrate, detachment means being provided for debonding the product substrate with bending of the carrier substrate. A device for detaching a carrier substrate from one product substrate in one detachment direction having: a carrier mount flexible in the detachment direction for mounting the carrier substrate, a substrate mount for mounting the product substrate, and detachment means for debonding the carrier substrate from the product substrate with bending of the carrier substrate. A method for detaching a carrier substrate from a product substrate in one detachment direction with the steps: mounting the product substrate with a substrate mount and mounting the carrier substrate with a carrier mount flexible in the detachment direction and debonding the carrier substrate from the product substrate with bending of the carrier substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, devices and methodologies for debonding wafers from carrier plates. In certain wafer processing operations, it is desirable to temporarily mount a wafer on a carrier plate for support and ease of handling. Such a mounting can be achieved by bonding the wafer and the carrier plate with an adhesive. Once such operations are completed, the wafer needs to be debonded from the carrier plate. Such a debonding process can be achieved by applying a suction force to the wafer-carrier plate assembly. Various debonding systems, devices and methodologies, and related features, are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a printing stencil for technical printing for applying a printed pattern to a substrate and to a printing stencil. The method includes supplying a carrier layer, supplying a structure layer, said layer being located beneath the carrier layer, making an elongate printed image opening, corresponding to at least part of the printed pattern, in the structure layer, and making carrier layer openings in the region of the printed image opening. The method uses a laser device designed to emit a laser beam in pulses, and includes making a row of carrier layer openings, extending in the longitudinal direction of the printed image opening, wherein, for making a carrier layer opening, a focusing apparatus is positioned near the carrier layer opening, and the carrier layer opening is by means of one or several laser pulses, and the focusing apparatus of the laser device.

Abstract: Variable-format offset printing units are provided in which each of the two supporting members of the intermediate cylinder is connected to the respective supporting member of the impression cylinder by a respective linear actuation device which includes a first element and a second element that are movable relative to each other along a direction of relative movement, wherein the first element of each linear actuation device is hinged to a respective supporting member of the intermediate cylinder and wherein the second element of each linear actuation device is hinged to a respective supporting member of the impression cylinder.

Abstract: A print product production device is installed such that a continuous paper guide path having gone through a digital printing unit from a continuous paper supply unit is installed to be branched at a downstream side of the digital printing unit, one continuous paper guide path is induced to a section formation unit, a section block formation unit and a second block folding-in-two unit are disposed at a downstream side of the section formation unit, and the other continuous paper guide path is installed to be induced to a sheet formation integration unit. An angle bar mechanism is installed at a branch part of the continuous paper guide path, and a continuous paper (W) can be optionally guided to any one of the one continuous paper guide path and the other continuous paper guide path after the branching.

Abstract: A screen printing apparatus provided with a print executing part, a substrate loading part, a substrate unloading part and a transferring and holding device. The transferring and holding device includes a clamp unit. The transferring and holding device is configured to transfer the substrate to a print executing position upon holding the substrate with the clamp unit so that the print executing part enables performing printing at a substrate standby position. A substrate recognition camera enables imaging in the course of the transfer of the substrate.

Abstract: An embossing apparatus includes an embossing die that includes a printed relief pattern made up of multiple layers of a deposited material. A resilient surface presses media against the embossing die such that embossed features corresponding to the embossing die are formed in the media. A method for embossing media includes forming an embossing die by depositing multiple layers of ink on a impression layer to form a relief pattern and pressing media against the embossing die to transfer the relief image to the media.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for thermal transfer printing include, in at least one aspect, a printing apparatus includes: a band capable of holding hot melt ink thereon; rollers configured and arranged to hold and transport the band with respect to a substrate; a printhead configured and arranged to thermally transfer a portion of the ink from the band to the substrate to print on the substrate; and a heating device configured and arranged to heat the band to cause ink on the band to re-melt, flow and replace at least some of the portion of the ink transferred to the substrate previously before arriving at the printhead again for a next print.

Abstract: An ink fountain apparatus, method of method of adjusting printing characteristics in flexographic printing and a printing press system are disclosed. The apparatus may include a side plate, a roller disposed adjacent a first end of the plate, a back plate disposed adjacent a second opposing end of the side plate and a throttle disposed between the roller and the back plate. The throttle is mounted to the side plate and includes a back surface facing towards the back plate and a front surface facing towards the roller. The front surface includes a curved portion forming a tapering gap between the roller and the front surface of the throttle. A position controller is coupled to the throttle to selectively move the curved portion towards and away from the roller to adjust the volume of ink being transferred to the outer surface of the roller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substance(s) deposition control device for an offset printing system comprising at least one offset plate intended to receive at least one substance so as to transfer the substance or substances onto a substrate, at least one means for the controlled deposition of at least one substance, the deposition means comprising at least one head unit spraying at least one wetting solution and at least one head unit spraying at least one colored substance, at least one means for cleaning the offset plate. The covering of the offset plate comprises a mesh structure defined by a plurality of hydrophilic and lipophilic individual surfaces capable of receiving a controlled deposition of substance(s), each of these hydrophilic and lipophilic individual surfaces being separated from its direct neighbors by at least one hydrophobic and lipophobic peripheral surface. The invention also relates to a printing system incorporating the device and to a printing process implementing the device.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer member containing a blend of materials including a base polymer and a stimulus-responsive additive, an intermediate transfer member containing a first layer including a base polymer and a second layer grafted onto the first layer and including a stimulus-responsive additive, and a method of printing an image to a substrate.

Abstract: An inkjet recording method, including applying stimulus to recording ink to allow the ink to jet to record image on recording medium, wherein the recording medium includes support and surface layer on at least one surface thereof, and has transferred amount of pure water on surface thereof at side of the surface layer of 1 to 10 mL/m2 with contact duration of 100 ms as measured by dynamic scanning absorptometer, wherein the recording medium is surface-modified with corona discharge treatment or plasma treatment, the ink contains water-dispersible colorant, organic solvent, surfactant, water-dispersible resin, and water, the organic solvent contains polyhydric alcohol(s) having equilibrium moisture content ?30 mass % at 23° C./80% RH, certain amide compound, and at least one of certain compounds, and total of solid content of the water dispersible colorant (A) and solid content of the water dispersible resin (B) is 8 to 35 mass %, and mass ratio (A/B) is 2 to 8.

Abstract: Provided are a large-area nano-scale active printing device, a fabricating method of the same, and a printing method using the same. The printing device may include a substrate, first interconnection lines extending along a first direction, on the substrate, an interlayered dielectric layer provided on the first interconnection lines to have holes partially exposing the first interconnection lines, second interconnection lines provided adjacent to the holes in the interlayered dielectric layer to cross the first interconnection lines, and wedge-shaped electrodes provided at intersections with the first and second interconnection lines and connected to the first interconnection lines. The wedge-shaped electrodes protrude upward at centers of the holes.

Abstract: In a print group for an ink printing apparatus, a housing is provided with print bars comprising print heads. The print bars are moveable independently of one another in a vertical direction from a printing position adjacent to a printing substrate into a park position and back. A protective flap bar for each print bar is provided which is pivotable and which is open to one side. The protective flap bar is arranged in a vertical position next to the print bar in the printing position such that the open side is facing away from the print bar. The protective flap bar is arranged in a horizontal position with the open side upward in the park position such that the print bar is engaged with its print head side in the protective flap bar.

Abstract: A liquid discharge recording apparatus includes: a first liquid containing trimethylolpropane; a liquid discharge head configured to discharge the first liquid; a second liquid containing a solvent of which freezing point is less than 20 degrees Celsius and of which specific gravity is not more than 1.12; and an absorber which is configured to contain the second liquid and which is configured to absorb the first liquid exited from the liquid discharge head, wherein a blending amount (% by weight) of the solvent in the second liquid is not less than a blending amount (% by weight) of the trimethylolpropane in the first liquid.

Abstract: A liquid discharge recording apparatus includes: a first liquid containing a diol represented by the following formula (1): HOCH2nOH??(1) wherein in the formula (1), “n” represents an arbitrary integer; a liquid discharge head which discharges the first liquid; a second liquid containing a non-volatile humectant and a non-volatile 1,2-alkylenediol; and an absorber which contains the second liquid and which absorbs the first liquid exited from the liquid discharge head, wherein not less than 20% by weight to not more than 50% by weight of the non-volatile humectant is contained in the second liquid; not less than 2% by weight to not more than 10% by weight of the non-volatile 1,2-alkylenediol is contained in the second liquid; and a ratio of a blending amount (% by weight) of the non-volatile 1,2-alkylenediol in the second liquid to a blending amount (% by weight) of the diol represented by the formula (1) in the first liquid is not less than ¼.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a recording head, a receiving face member, and a cleaner. The recording head discharges droplets. The receiving face member includes a receiving face to receive dummy discharge droplets discharged from the recording head and not contributing to image formation. With rotation of the receiving face member, the receiving face movable between a facing position at which the receiving face faces the recording head and a retracted position at which the receiving face does not face the recording head. The cleaner cleans the receiving face of the receiving face member.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes: a liquid ejecting unit that has a liquid ejecting head moving back and forth in a scanning direction, the liquid ejecting head being provided with a nozzle surface in which nozzles capable of ejecting liquid are formed; a wiping portion that wipes the nozzle surface; a liquid receiving portion that is capable of receiving the liquid ejected through the nozzles; and a maintenance portion that performs maintenance on the liquid ejecting head. Further, a receiving area where the liquid receiving portion is provided is disposed at a position that is adjacent to a wiping area where the wiping portion is provided and is more distanced from a landing area where the liquid ejected through the nozzles toward an ejection target medium lands than the wiping area in the scanning direction.

Abstract: An inkjet head cleaning device for an inkjet head having a nozzle surface on which nozzles for ejecting ink are arranged, includes a wiping member traveling unit allowing a wiping member of elongated shape having absorbency to travel along a conveying path in a longitudinal direction, a cleaning liquid supply unit supplying a cleaning liquid to the wiping member, a pressing unit pressing and bringing the wiping member supplied with the cleaning liquid to and into contact with the nozzle surface, and a sliding unit relatively sliding the wiping member and the nozzle surface, in which the nozzle surface is cleaned by putting a state of a mixed liquid of the ink and the cleaning liquid at a contacting portion between the wiping member and the nozzle surface into a state satisfying a predetermined relationship represented by a relationship between a surface tension and viscosity of the mixed liquid.

Abstract: In one example an ink tank cap is provided. In another example an ink tank body is provided. For example, in assembled condition, the cap is affixed to the body in a predefined rotational orientation.