Abstract: An armature chamber receives an armature and includes a first armature chamber, which is placed adjacent to one end surface of the armature and is communicated with a spring chamber, and a second armature chamber, which is placed adjacent to the other end surface of the armature, which is opposite from the one end surface of the armature. The armature includes a primary communication passage that communicates between the first armature chamber and the second armature chamber. An opening end of the primary communication passage, which opens on a side where the first armature chamber is located, is placed at a corresponding location of the armature, which is opposed to the spring chamber.

Abstract: An electro-valve for discharging a common rail while maintaining a minimum pressure, comprising an electro-magnetic coil inside which is arranged a movable plunger, controlling the displacements of a movable axis engaging a ball valve, said movable plunger being urged in the closing position of the ball valve by a spring housed inside a bearing cap, wherein a bottom wall of the bearing cap surrounds an external surface of the movable plunger, wherein a clearance between the external surface of the plunger and an internal wall of the bearing cap is filled with a film of fuel, the opening movement of the plunger causing the fuel to flow from a room situated on top of the plunger to a bore in which the axis is arranged, wherein a sleeve of a controlled thickness is arranged around the plunger within the clearance to set the thickness of said film of fuel.

Abstract: A coil (96) attracting an armature (80) is housed in a main body part (70). A valve part (82) adapted to rest on and move off a valve seat (74) is formed integral with the armature (80). The valve seat (74) is disposed at a location between a high-pressure path (78) and a low-pressure path (83). When the valve part (82) rests on the valve seat (74), the high-pressure path (78) and the low-pressure path (83) are disconnected from each other, while, when the valve part (82) moves off the valve seat (74), the high-pressure path (78) and the low-pressure path (83) communicate with each other. A through-hole (86) is formed in a portion of the armature (80) through which a smaller amount of magnetic flux from the coil (96) passes. A guide pin (102) secured to the main body part (70) engages with the through-hole (86).

Abstract: A solenoid valve includes: a sleeve having a supply port and an output port; a spool valve that is housed in a valve hole formed in the sleeve so as to be movable in the axial direction, and that changes a flow passage area between the supply port and the output port by moving in the axial direction; a solenoid portion that pushes the spool valve toward one axial side; and a coil spring that urges the spool valve toward the solenoid portion. A housing hole that is a bottomed hole is formed in the spool valve, and a columnar piston member is slidably housed in the housing hole. The spool valve has an introduction hole through which a pressure of the hydraulic fluid output from the output port is introduced into a space between a bottom face of the housing hole and one end face of the piston member.

Abstract: A system for adjusting water in a domestic water diffuser, in particular for opening and closing water in a shower or bathroom or kitchen sink and for adjusting the flow rate, is described. The system comprises a shutter with at least one metal part slidable inside a cylindrical chamber with a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the shutter; the system also comprises a pushbutton comprising a magnet; the pushbutton is configured to be operated by means of a finger to mechanically displace the shutter by means of the magnet along an axis of the cylindrical chamber, into two different positions, corresponding to opening of the flow or closing of the flow of water from a diffuser, the pushbutton being also rotatable about the axis, to vary the open position of the shutter along the axis and a corresponding flowrate.

Abstract: The invention concerns an valve drive assembly for a valve unit for regulating a flow of fluid with a lead-through of an operating rod (3) through a flange (4), particularly the arrangement of operating rod (3) to the flange (4) for adjusting a defined flow of fluid. The assembly comprises a flange (4), and operating rod (3) and an annular element. The operating rod (3) is disposed through said flange, and annular element is disposed between flange (4) and operating rod (3) defining an annular gap (12) between the annular element and the operating rod. An effective length of the annular gap (12) exceeds a thickness of the flange (4). This invention leads to considerable cost savings, as the component parts can now be produced more simply using manufacturing processes known from mass production, such as deep-drawing or even stamping.

Abstract: A locking collar slideably fits over the control handle of a valve, such as a ball valve, and can be moved to locking and unlocking positions. The collar includes a pair of fork-like tines which are spaced apart to span a stop member on the valve body. One of the tines includes a tab with a threaded aperture for receiving a threaded adjustment screw. When tightened against the stop member, the screw secures the locking collar and, therefore, the valve handle in a fixed position, preventing inadvertent changing of the valve position. An aperture in the handle allows a lock to be inserted through the handle preventing movement of the locking collar to prevent changing of the valve position by unauthorized tampering.

Abstract: A valve system for a vessel has a valve body, and a valve stem extending through the valve body and terminating in a plug for axial movement between open and closed position as the stem moves through the valve body. There is at least one probe passageway through the valve stem, at least one of which has a circumferential seal for engaging a probe inserted in the passageway and being exposed in a vessel. The circumferential seal seals the inside of a vessel from atmosphere while allowing a probe to be inserted and removed by moving axially in the passageway. This avoids need to remove the valve system to insert or remove a probe, and indeed a single expensive probe is used at different times with different valve systems. When no exposed probe is required, the seal may be completed by simply inserting a dummy probe in the passageway.

Abstract: A pipe mounting unit with grounding function, which includes a pipe holding section and a body fixing section, is formed by superposing a lid to a conductive plastic housing, between which there is disposed a conductive rubber clamp that holds a pipe in contact. In the space of the fixing section; a metal clip hooks together with a stud bolt on the housing; the metal clip has a current conducting plate that presses on the threading of the stud bolt, and the tip of the current conducting plate forming an angle to a radial direction of, and contacting the stud bolt, and is arranged such that its length extends beyond the threading of the stud bolt in an axial direction of the stud bolt. A conductive path is formed among the conductive rubber clamp, the conductive plastic housing and the current conducting plate of the metal clip.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a method for installing a sensing cable along a pipeline, comprising the steps of, attaching one or more conduits to an outer-surface of a pipe which is to be installed in a bore hole to form a pipeline assembly; moving the pipeline assembly into the bore hole; moving an fiber optic sensing cable into one or more of the conduit after the pipeline assembly has been moved into the bore hole or before the pipeline assembly has been moved into the bore hole. There is further provided a corresponding pipeline assembly, and a attachment head which can facilitate attachment of a pulling line to a pipeline assembly.

Abstract: A conduit fitting of the type having first and second threaded fitting components and at least one conduit gripping device, further includes a stroke limiting member that allows the fitting to be pulled up by applying a predetermined torque. In one embodiment, the stroke limiting member may be a non-integral torque collar and in another embodiment the stroke limiting member may be two engaging surfaces integrally formed with the fitting components. Alternatively, the fitting may also be pulled up by turns. In still another embodiment, a stroke limiting member is provided that may be used to enable a fitting that is designed to be pulled up by turns to also be pulled up by torque. The stroke limiting member facilitates many remakes of the fitting, including remakes by torque.

Abstract: Couplings and gaskets are disclosed. Couplings may include an upper housing, a lower housing, at least one fastening device coupling the upper housing to the lower housing, and a gasket positioned within the upper and lower housings, the gasket including two primary seals and a rib protruding from an inner surface of the gasket and between the two primary seals.

Abstract: A threaded inline swivel has a first nut and an opposite second nut each having the form of a generally hollow cylinder with an open end to receive fuel. Each nut has a collar that has a common nominal diameter. A collar provides at least two faces for gripping by a wrench. Each nut has threading for connection to a hose or other fitting. To further seal the swivel to a hose or a fitting, at least one O-ring and at least one gasket are provided as alternative embodiments. In a further alternate embodiment, the swivel has a threaded second nut and an opposite barbed end on the first nut with a clip. The first nut has its chamber that constricts in diameter through a throat as it enters the second nut. The swivel in all embodiments provides for flow of fluid through it with little turbulence.

Abstract: A coupling includes at least one segment, each segment including at least one inner surface, at least one outer surface, at least two ends, and a fastener pad protruding proximate to each end, each fastener pad defining a fastener hole, each fastener hole having an axial length and a transverse length, wherein the transverse length is longer than the axial length; an annular gasket contacting the inner surface of at least one segment, the annular gasket including at least one sealing surface directed radially inwardly and an outer surface directed radially outwardly; and at least one fastener disposed within at least one fastener hole, each fastener including a head portion and a shaft portion, each shaft portion including at least one of a threaded portion, a shank portion, and a collar portion, wherein at least one portion of the shaft portion is sized to engage at least one fastener hole.

Abstract: A connecting device for a washing machine or other apparatuses that connect to a water conduit includes a main body configured to connect to a water supply hose, having a passage through which water passes; a sealing unit in the main body, configured to contact the water conduit; a fixing unit in the main body, fixed to or in contact with an outer surface of the water conduit; and a tightening unit that screws onto the main body, configured to press and/or fix the fixing unit to the water conduit when the tightening unit is tightened. There is no need for a separate tool, because the connecting device is easily and conveniently connected by hand tightening the tightening unit.

Abstract: A fitting connectable to an end portion of a pipe generally includes an insert member configured to be received at least partly within the end portion of the pipe, and a retention member coupled to the insert member and configured to be received at least partly within the end portion of the pipe. The retention member operates in conjunction with the insert member to engage the end portion of the pipe and impart an increased force against an inner wall of the pipe in response to an increase of internal pipe pressure, thereby frictionally securing the end portion of the pipe on the insert member as internal pipe pressure increases during use.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for installing a valve in a pipeline while the pipeline is pressurized, and without leakage of pipeline media. A valve body is formed by attaching a sleeve with an annular space to a pipeline, filling the annular space with curable material, and then machining a cylindrical hole through the pipe, into which a valve is inserted.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hose guiding device in which a hose (203) that is filled with a gaseous medium is guided through a liquid (201) in horizontal sections. The horizontal sections are supported on a gripping device. The movement of the gripping device is transmitted to a sprocket (214) via chains (207) in order to introduce or discharge the kinetic energy.

Abstract: A flow conditioner includes 1) a single disk comprising an array of holes and having an outer ring of holes, and 2) a section extending longitudinally from an outer circumference of the disk and comprising bores that at least partially follow the contour or pattern of the outer ring of holes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for providing an extended tubular article or one or more sections of the extended tubular article with a corrosion protecting system, wherein (a) a layer of an adhesive composition is applied to the surface of the extended tubular article or the one or more sections of the extended tubular article, and (b) a corrosion protecting layer is applied to the layer of the adhesive composition, the adhesive composition comprising a polyolefin blend, wherein the polyolefin blend comprises 30% to 100% by weight of a polyisobutene and 0% to 70% by weight of an olefin polymer, based on the total weight of the polyolefin blend, wherein said polyisobutene is has a glass transition temperature of lower than ?40° C. and a number average molecular weight Mn of 1300 to 1.000.000.

Abstract: A thermally insulative, reflective convoluted sleeve and method of construction thereof is provided. The sleeve includes a resilient inner layer, an outer layer and a resilient intermediate layer sandwiched between the inner and outer layers. The inner layer has an inner surface exposed to an inner cavity of the sleeve and the outer layer has an outer reflective surface exposed to the surrounding environment. The intermediate layer is an impervious sheet material and is sandwiched in abutment with the inner and outer layers. The inner, outer and intermediate layers are convoluted to provide the sleeve with enhanced thermal protection properties and flexibility.

Abstract: A casing is particularly suited as a protective instrument casing. At least one component that is to be protected is accommodated in the casing. The casing has a casing wall configured as a multi-layered sandwich element, the casing wall being formed by two outer GRP (glass reinforced plastic) exterior walls which are spaced apart from one another and made from a glass-fiber plastic material. A core of mineral wool is arranged and accommodated between the walls, forming a mineral wool intermediate layer. A flame-retardant layer is located between at least one of the GRP exterior walls and the mineral wool intermediate layer; in particular the mineral wool intermediate layer is coated with a flame retardant layer on at least one of its sides which face the GRP exterior walls.

Abstract: A laundry dryer includes a cabinet, a rotatable drum within the cabinet, a plurality of rollers rotatably supporting the rotatable drum, a process air moisture condensing device provided in a casing in a basement of the laundry dryer, and a water pipe operatively connected to at least one component of the condensing device. The laundry dryer comprises at least one fire-protection shield which contains a fire or burning within the cabinet of the laundry dryer. Accordingly to some aspects, the fire-protection shield includes a fire-resistant roller cover which covers a majority of a face of a corresponding roller such that the corresponding roller is shielded from a fire within the cabinet of the laundry dryer. According to other aspects, the fire-protection device includes a fire-resistant pipe covering configured to shield the water pipe from the fire or other burning within the cabinet of the laundry dryer.

Abstract: A dagger pin interface apparatus with a swivel pin is used in removably mounting a device on a structure where one of the apparatus pins is stationary relative to the structure and a second of the apparatus pins swivels relative to the structure when mounting the device to the structure. When mounting the device to the structure the one stationary pin can be aligned with and inserted into one mounting hole of the device and the second swiveling pin can engage in, pivot and move into a second mounting hole in the device when the second mounting hole is not completely aligned with the second pin.

Abstract: A holding device including a hub and a plurality of grappling assemblies attached thereto. Each grappling assembly includes a tension member and a hook connected to the tension member. The hook is adapted to engage an edge of the item. The hook includes a body portion and a pair of arms extending therefrom. The body portion includes a cavity with first and second open ends. The tension member extends into the first open end and a jaw fitting extends into the second open end, wherein the jaw fitting is operative to grasp the tension member. The tension member extends around a thimble that is attached to the hub. The thimble may comprise an arcuate channel extending around an aperture formed through the thimble. The thimble may be rotatably attached to the hub with a fastener extending through the hub and the aperture.

Abstract: Bottom mounting rails are used to secure a double wide plug-in module or two full wide plug in-modules into a double wide bay of an electronic device. This allows the size of the electronic device to be minimized. Further, the space adjacent to the sides of plug-in modules is left open facilitating airflow through the electronic device and efficient cooling thereof. The bottom mounting rails allow either a double wide plug-in module or two full wide plug-in modules to be readily installed.

Abstract: A universal tablet cradle assembly for supporting and storing a tablet or electronic device. The universal tablet cradle mounts under a cabinet or shelf and allows for storage and hands-free viewing of any size tablet. The universal tablet cradle also allows for adjustment of the viewing position of the tablet within the cradle, allowing the tablet to be moved forward and backward, and rotated. The viewing angle of the tablet also is adjustable.

Abstract: A spring loaded grease gun having a cylindrical barrel which is sized to receive a grease cartridge. The cylindrical barrel has a first end and second end, the first end having an opening to receive a spring-loaded rod and the second end being threaded to receive a head cap assembly. An adapter is provided having a cylindrical body and a threaded interior surface for mating with the threaded second end of the cylindrical barrel and an exterior surface having a plurality of rectangularly shaped protrusions. The head cap assembly has a pistol type dispenser appended to a cylindrical cup which has an inner surface sized to receive the cylindrical body of the adapter. The inner surface of the cylindrical cup includes a plurality of cylindrical cup protrusions which are sized and positioned to mate with the rectangularly shaped protrusions emanating from the exterior surface of the adapter for fixedly joining the head cap assembly to the adapter.

Abstract: A device for the cryopreservation and/or vitrification of a biological sample in a freezing medium is described. The device preferably comprises a bath for receiving a vessel containing a biological sample in liquid-phase nitrogen. In one example, the bath includes a first member extending generally vertically from a bottom wall portion which divides the interior chamber of the bath into a first sub-chamber adapted for receiving a volume of cryogenic freezing medium and a second or overflow sub-chamber adapted to receive freezing medium from the first sub-chamber. A second member extends generally horizontally between the sidewall portions of the bath and includes at least one opening for receiving a biological sample-containing vessel(s). A kit including a cryogenic storage device and a vessel is also described.

Abstract: A light-emitting module includes: a first light-emitting element that emits light from an upper surface and side surfaces thereof; a second light-emitting element that mainly emits light from an upper surface thereof; a first sealer; and a second sealer. A first ratio, defined as a ratio of a heightwise distance from a top of the first sealer to the upper surface of the substrate with respect to a width of the first sealer at the upper surface of the substrate, is larger than a second ratio, defined as a ratio of a heightwise distance from a top of the second sealer to the upper surface of the second light-emitting element with respect to a width of the second sealer at a position corresponding to the upper surface of the second light-emitting element. A ratio of the first ratio to the second ratio is less than 1.85.

Abstract: An illuminant device includes a housing, a circuit board, a plurality of LED dies, a light-transmitting layer, a controlling and driving module and a conductive connector. One end of the housing has a carrying part. The circuit board is disposed on the carrying part and has a circuit layer. The LED dies are placed on the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit layer. The light-transmitting layer is circularly disposed on the circuit board and covering the LED dies. The controlling and driving module is placed on the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit layer. The conductive connector is assembled with the other end of the housing and electrically connected to the circuit layer.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion structure comprises a sintered body comprising a mixture of a wavelength conversion material and a glass composition, wherein the wavelength conversion material comprises a phosphor and the glass composition comprises ZnO—BaO—SiO2—B2O3.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising first and second groups of solid state light emitters, which emit light having peak wavelength in ranges of from 430 nm to 480 nm, and first and second groups of lumiphors which emit light having dominant wavelength in the range of from 555 nm to 585 nm. In some embodiments, if current is supplied to a power line, a combination of (1) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the first group of emitters, and (2) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the first group of lumiphors would have a correlated color temperature which differs by at least 50 K from a correlated color temperature which would be emitted by a combination of (3) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the second group of emitters, and (4) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the second group of lumiphors.

Abstract: A luminaire for general lighting includes an illuminant having a first light emission surface and a second light emission surface. The illuminant includes an organic, light-generating region. The first light emission surface and the second light emission surface are arranged at two mutually opposite main surfaces of the illuminant. A first light emerges at the first light emission surface during the operation of the illuminant, and a second light emerges at the second light emission surface during the operation of the illuminant. The first light and the second light differ from one another with regard to color and/or color temperature. The first light and the second light leave the luminaire in mutually different emission directions.

Abstract: New and novel illuminatable fabricated decorative articles and architectural members such as paving blocks, building stones, panels, statuary, tiles, flooring, counter tops, furniture, or the like, emit or display, light of one or a plurality of colors from their surfaces by way of a light source or sources positioned at such surface and removable and changeable through said surface. More specifically architectural members, especially objects, articles, and the like used in construction, constructions, manufacturers and fabrications; and more particularly to such members that incorporate illumination and/or display lighting.

Abstract: LED-based light fixtures are presented that are configured for attachment to a substrate to advantageously function without a reflector and without a backing plate. A light fixture according to an embodiment includes a waveguide having a front surface and a rear surface for emitting light, the waveguide configured to optically couple to a surface of a substrate. The light fixture also includes at least one LED light source disposed on an edge of the waveguide to emit light into the waveguide. The waveguide is configured to emit a first portion of the light above the rear surface for reflection by the surface of the substrate back into the waveguide and through the front surface of the waveguide, and to emit a second portion of the light through the front surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lamp for a vehicle, including: a light source assembly in which a plurality of light sources, which produces a blue beam, is provided; and an upper substrate which is made of a transparent material that transmits light, is provided to cover upper portions of the light sources, and has one side surface on which a phosphor film is formed, and as a result, a dark zone on a beam pattern, which occurs due to a distance between the light sources in the lamp in which the plurality of light sources is mounted, may be eliminated.

Abstract: A front surface 14a of a lens 14 is divided into 48 front surface areas 14a1, 14a2, 14a3 via ridge lines R1 to R5, and a rear surface 14b of the lens 14 is divided into 48 rear surface areas 14b1, 14b2, 14b3 via trough lines T1 to T5. The individual rear surface areas 14b1, 14b2, 14b3 are formed so as to have surface shapes which are set so that light from a predetermined point A which is positioned on a light source 12 is caused to reach zones on the individual front surfaces areas 14a1, 14a2, 14a3 which correspond to the individual rear surface areas 14b1, 14b2, 14b3, the zones each lying centrally inwards apart from the ridge lines which define the circumference of each of the front surface areas.

Abstract: A work light has a head section with a single piece metal channel having a rear portion and opposing side flanges. The rear portion and side flanges extending longitudinally along the channel. Light has a handle section. LEDs are mounted on channel such that the channel is heatsink for the LEDs. A transparent single piece lens assembly covers the LEDs, the lens assembly has a corresponding plurality of convex lenses, each convex lens forward of each LED, the lens assembly attached to the rear portion of the channel. Forward edges of the side flanges of the channel extend farther forward from the rear surface than the lens assembly for protection.

Abstract: An LED lamp is provided. The LED lamp includes a base; a heat radiation member disposed on the base and having a cavity therein; an LED module disposed on a bottom wall of the cavity; and a fixing frame mounted in the cavity so as to press the LED module on the bottom wall of the cavity.

Abstract: A member for controlling luminous flux (100) has an incidence surface (110) and an emitting surface (120). The incidence surface (110) is a pyramidal surface having a recessed shape relative to the bottom of the member for controlling luminous flux (100), and having rounded borders between the individual facets. The horizontal cross-section of the incidence surface (110) is substantially similar in shape to that of an n-hedral irradiated surface (410). In the horizontal cross-section of the emitting surface (120), each of the straight lines connecting together adjacent angles of the n angles that correspond to the n angles of the irradiated surface (410) is substantially parallel to the side that corresponds to the horizontal cross-section of the incidence surface (110). The horizontal cross-section of the emitting surface (120) is the same as the n-hedron formed by the straight lines in the cross section, or fits inside the n-hedron.

Abstract: Incidence region 162 of light flux controlling member 160 includes first lens region 10 and second lens region 50 which have a fan shape in a plan view thereof. First lens region 10 includes a plurality of first projections 172. In first inclining surface 174 of first projection 172, angle ?11 on a first cross section and angle ?21 on a second cross section in a direction orthogonal to the first cross section are both larger than 0°. In second inclining surface 176, angle ?12 on the second cross section is larger than angle ?22 on the second cross section.

Abstract: A display apparatus with an illumination unit has first and second reflectors, at least one light source module placed between the first and second reflectors, and a bracket configured to support the light source module. The bracket includes a body configured to connect one side of the first reflector to one side of the second reflector, a first fastening member protruding from an inner surface of the body, and a second fastening member protruding from an outer surface of the body.

Abstract: A lighting system having a reflector with a plurality of reflecting surfaces. The plurality of reflecting surfaces have at least one optical axis, and the reflecting surfaces further include a linearly projected cross-section along a respective linear axis. A plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are positioned in a line generally parallel to the linearly projected cross-section of the plurality of reflecting surfaces. The LEDs are oriented relative to an associated reflecting surface such that a central light-emitting axis of the plurality of LEDs is angled relative to the at least one optical axis of the associated reflecting surface at about 45°. The reflecting surfaces redirect and collimate a light output of the plurality of LEDs at an angle of about 45° with respect to the central light emitting axis of the plurality of LEDs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a moisture resistant composition comprising: a) from 20 to 80 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition of a polyetherimide copolymer made from a monomer mixture comprising 3,3? bisphenol-A dianhydride (BPADA), and 4,4?-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS); b) from 5 to 75 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition of polyetheretherketone (PEEK); and c) from 0 to 30 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition of a filler. The invention relates to a reflector substrate comprising a moisture resistant layer metalized with a reflective layer, wherein the moisture resistant layer comprising the moisture resistant composition. The invention relates to a method for producing a metalized coating without a primer comprising applying a reflective layer directly to a moisture resistant layer in the absence of a primer, wherein the moisture resistant layer comprises the moisture resistant composition.

Abstract: A phosphor wheel for converting pump light to conversion light, on which a first phosphor for emitting conversion light of a first color and a second phosphor for emitting conversion light of a second color are provided. The light of first and second phosphors, which are arranged in a manner spatially separated from one another on the phosphor wheel, has the same hue in this case. Depending on the requirement, either the first or the second phosphor can thus be selected.

Abstract: A light source is combined with an optic and a reflector. Light incident onto to the reflector is reflected with a single reflection. The reflector occupies a portion of a solid angle around the light source to the exclusion of the optic at least with respect to any optical function. The reflector directly receives a second portion of light. The optic occupies substantially all of the remaining portion of the predetermined solid angle to directly receive a first portion of light from the light source. A reflected beam from the reflector is reflected into a predetermined reflection pattern. The inner and/or outer surface of the optic is shaped to refract or direct light which is directly transmitted into the optic from the light source from a first portion of light and/or reflected into the optic from the reflector from the reflected beam into a predetermined beam.

Abstract: A backlight module including a chamber, a bottom reflector, a plurality of light sources, and a plurality of lenses is provided. The chamber has a bottom surface and a side surface. The bottom reflector is disposed inside the chamber and located on the bottom surface. The light sources are disposed inside the chamber and located above the bottom reflector. Each light source is adjacent to the side surface and provides light. The lenses are disposed on a transmission path of the light. Each lens has a back surface, a cavity on the back surface, and a light-emitting surface. The cavity has a light-incident surface. Each light source is arranged corresponding to one of the lenses and adjacent to the cavity. The light, after passing the lenses, is divided into light beams with different propagating directions. The light beams irradiate the bottom reflector.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus. The display apparatus may include a display panel and a backlight provided adjacent the display panel. The backlight may include an optical sheet provided adjacent the display panel, a reflector provided a prescribed distance from the optical sheet, at least one light emitting device provided adjacent the reflector, and a lens provided over a corresponding the light emitting device. The lens may include a lower recess formed on a bottom surface of the lens and provided a prescribed distance over the light emitting device, and an upper recess formed on a top surface of the lens and provided to vertically overlap the bottom recess. The lower recess may include an upper surface that extends from the side surface and having a prescribed shape and curvature. The upper recess may also include a lower surface having a prescribed shape and curvature.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is characterized by providing an optical transfer function between a predetermined illuminated surface pattern, such as a street light pattern, and a predetermined energy distribution pattern of a light source, such as that from an LED. A lens is formed having a shape defined by the optical transfer function. The optical transfer function is derived by generating an energy distribution pattern using the predetermined energy distribution pattern of the light source. Then the projection of the energy distribution pattern onto the illuminated surface is generated. The projection is then compared to the predetermined illuminated surface pattern to determine if it acceptably matches. The process continues reiteratively until an acceptable match is achieved.