Abstract: A cooling door assembly includes a frame and a cooling door coupled to the frame. The cooling door includes multiple heat exchangers. The frame is configured to mount to the back of a server rack or other electronics enclosure in such a manner that the cooling door opens to allow access to the electronics servers within the server rack while maintaining a fluidic connection to an external cooling system. The frame is coupled to the external cooling system and the cooling door includes one or more swivel joints, each configured to provide one or more fluid paths between the cooling door and the frame. The cooling door assembly includes separate and independent fluid paths, where fluid is separately provided to each independent fluid path. Different groups of heat exchangers are coupled to each independent fluid path. In the event of failure of one of the independent fluid paths, the other independent fluid path(s) remain operational.

Abstract: An appliance is provided. The appliance includes a cabinet, a door mounted to the cabinet and a handle. The appliance also includes features for pivotally mounting the handle to the door and for urging the door away from the cabinet when the handle pivots. The features can also assist with limiting or reducing a gap between the handle and the door.

Abstract: An appliance includes a main body defining an access opening; a door movably attached to the main body and configured to close the access opening in a closed position, the door comprising a front, a back, a side surface extending from the front to the back, and a recess formed in the side surface, the back facing the main body when the door is in the closed position; and a water filtration system comprising a filter disposed in the recess.

Abstract: A refrigerator and method of operating a refrigerator are provided in which an amount of water supplied to an ice maker may be accurately controlled. The refrigerator may include an ice maker, a dispenser for dispensing water, a flow passage control valve for selectively guiding water to the ice maker and the dispenser, a flow amount sensor, and a controller operably coupled to the flow amount sensor for controlling an amount of water supplied to the ice maker based on a water supply amount sensed by the flow amount sensor.

Abstract: A reservoir for use in a water distribution system within a refrigeration device includes a container having a vessel portion terminating in a neck having an opening, and a cap sealingly engaging the neck. The cap has an internal surface in communication with an interior of the vessel portion, an external surface opposite the internal surface, an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture through the cap in fluid communication with the container opening, and an inlet tube in fluid communication with the inlet aperture extending from the external surface. The cap may sealingly engage the neck by only one seal. The cap may further include an outlet tube in fluid communication with the outlet aperture extending from the external surface. In certain embodiments, a dip tube may be provided in fluid communication with the outlet aperture extending from the internal surface into the vessel portion.

Abstract: A refrigeration appliance includes a refrigeration compartment, in which a storage container for refrigerated goods is mounted on a pull-out panel such that it can be displaced between an inserted position and a pulled-out position. The container can be arranged in a first position and a second position on the pull-out panel, the first position and the second position differing along the direction of the width of the refrigeration appliance.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided which includes a cabinet. A first compartment and second compartment are disposed within the cabinet. A first door provides access to the first compartment and a second door provides access to the second compartment. A beverage dispensing system is operatively connected to the cabinet. A machine vision system associated with the beverage dispensing system. The machine vision system has an imaging device.

Abstract: A method for controlling the operation of a transport refrigeration system to limit current drawn by a compressor powered by AC electric current includes the steps of: (a) determining whether an ambient temperature in which the refrigeration unit is operating has been greater than a set point ambient temperature for a first time period; (b) determining whether the refrigeration unit has been operating in a temperature pulldown mode; (c) determining whether the AC electric current is equal to or exceeds a preset maximum current limit; (d) determining whether a time period between a last defrost cycle and a next previous defrost cycle is less than fifteen minutes; and (e) if the determination is YES in both of step (a) and step (b) and is also YES in at least one of step (c) and step (d), reducing the preset maximum current limit to a reset maximum current limit.

Abstract: A passively cooled instrument protective housing has an internal heat exchanger, an external heat exchanger, and a storage tank for a cooling medium and disposed in a housing interior. A cooling unit having a cooling unit evaporator is disposed in the storage tank and in which a cooling unit coolant is evaporated with the use of heat from the storage tank cooling medium. A condenser or a liquefier is disposed outside the housing and in which the vaporous or gaseous cooling unit coolant emanating from the cooling unit evaporator is liquefied. A switching and/or shut-off device is provided, by which the cooling unit can be switched off and/or can be uncoupled from the passive cooling system formed by the internal and external heat exchangers and by the storage tank. In addition, a control and/or regulating device is provided, which same is operatively connected to the cooling unit.

Abstract: Improvements in tubes, which increase the heat exchange capacity of tubular heat exchangers using the tubes, are described. These improvements involve the use of one or more external surface enhancements, optionally combined with an internal enhancement and/or differing tube geometries. These improvements apply, for example, to internal condensers, including those in which the tube bundles are oriented vertically, in vapor-liquid contacting apparatuses such as distillation columns.

Abstract: A centrifuge includes a centrifuging compartment, a supporting assembly adjacent to the centrifuging compartment, a rotation mechanism mounted on the supporting assembly, and a feeding frame positioned in the centrifuging compartment. The centrifuging compartment includes a housing defining a inlet on a top thereof and a sealing cover pivotably coupling to the housing to cover the inlet. The supporting assembly includes a supporting portion positioned beside the housing and a base plate mounted on the supporting portion and located above the housing. The rotation mechanism rotatably extends through the top surface of the housing and the base plate, and coupling to a bottom surface of the housing. The feeding frame is positioned in the housing and coupling to the rotation mechanism, comprising a loading portion, and defining a positioning hole on a top thereof.

Abstract: A steam distributor includes a front screen equipped with steam perforations wherein the output area of at least some of the perforations can be adjusted to enable active control of the steam jet velocity. The steam velocity can be controlled independently of steam flow. The front screen is includes (i) a first plate that has a first set of apertures and (ii) a second plate that has a second set of apertures, wherein the second plate covers the first plate, and wherein the means fir varying the size of at least one of the perforations moves the first plate, the second plate, or both the first and the second plates in order to change the position of the first set of apertures relative to the second set of apertures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laundry drying rack. The laundry drying rack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of fixing hangers disposed in parallel to each other on a drying rack frame on which laundry is hung, a plurality of oscillating links each performing a swing motion with respect to each fixing hanger as a pivot axis, a plurality of oscillating hangers each connected to a lower end of the oscillating link and shaking the laundry, hung on the fixing hanger, at the bottom of the corresponding fixing hanger, a driving unit generating power, and an electric unit providing the power generated by the driving unit as an oscillating force for the oscillating links.

Abstract: A vessel used for containing molten metal, e.g. a trough section for conveying molten metal from one location to another. In some embodiments, the vessel employs refractory liner units of different thermal conductivity to maximize heat penetration into the molten metal from heaters in the gap, but to minimize heat loss at the inlet and outlet of the vessel where the end units contact the housing.

Abstract: A hood-type annealing furnace for the thermal treatment of cold-rolled steel strip includes a base, a protective hood which can be placed on the latter and under which a protective gas heated by a gas burner is circulated by a blower, to heat the steel strip, rolled up particularly into a coil, under the protective hood to a temperature of at least 500° C. in a protective gas atmosphere. An electric heater fed by the public power network has a heating capacity correspondingly substantially to the heating capacity of the gas burner. The protective gas can be independently heated with the electric heater, alternatively to the gas burner, with the gas burner switched off, to a temperature above the recrystallization annealing temperature. A method for operating a hood-type annealing furnace is also provided.

Abstract: A method of generating cracks in a polycrystalline silicon rod, comprising: heating a polycrystalline silicon rod; and subsequently performing local portion cooling of the polycrystalline silicon rod to apply a refrigerant fluid onto a spot-like area of a surface of the polycrystalline silicon rod.

Abstract: In an adsorption heat exchanger, adsorbent expanded by absorbing moisture and contracted by dissipating moisture is supported on a surface of a heat exchanger body. An adsorbent layer containing the adsorbent is formed on the surface of the heat exchanger body by applying slurry containing the adsorbent in a contracted state to the surface of the heat exchanger body and drying the slurry. A solvent of the slurry contains alcohol as a main component.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises a casing designed as a hollow box by a top plate, a bottom plate, a front plate, a rear plate, and two lateral plates and a heat transfer unit accommodated in the casing. The heat transfer unit has flat plates alternately folded back in reverse direction. A first flow passage and a second flow passage are alternately formed in multiple layers between the flat plates. A high temperature fluid inlet and a high temperature fluid outlet in communication with the second flow passage are provided on the front plate side. A low temperature fluid inlet and a low temperature fluid outlet in communication with the first flow passage are provided on the rear plate side. Biasing means applies pressure on the lateral plate sealing member to the end portion of the heat transfer unit and seals the end portions of the first and second flow passages.

Abstract: A boiling heat transfer device of the present invention includes: a heat receiving portion that boils a liquefied refrigerant to convert it to vapor, and contacts with a device to be cooled and cools the device to be cooled; a vapor tube that connects to an upper portion of the heat receiving portion and conveys the vapor generated by the heat receiving portion; a heat dissipating portion that condenses the vapor conveyed from the vapor tube to convert it to a liquefied refrigerant and dissipates heat to an atmosphere; and a liquid tube that returns to the heat receiving portion the liquefied refrigerant condensed by the heat dissipating portion. At least a portion of a cross-sectional area of a flow passage of the vapor in the heat receiving portion gradually decreases from a lower portion of the heat receiving portion toward the upper portion of the heat receiving portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a regenerator including a packed bed of energy storage elements made of a material having the following chemical analysis: 25%<Fe2O3<90%, 5%<Al2O3<30%, CaO<20%, TiO2<25%, 3%<SiO2<50%, Na2O<10%, Fe2O3+Al2O3+CaO+TiO2+SiO2+Na2O>80%, and other compounds: complement to 100%.

Abstract: A heat conduction system including modular pipes housing a solid heat conductor made of a combination of carbon foam glass and grapheme and, for conductors, insulated from the outermost pipe by an insulating layer and with an annular gas purging gap for high-temperature applications. Also included in the system are thermal valves, manifolds, and heat exchangers to route and use the thermal energy. In an exemplary use, a down-hole heat exchanger, thermally coupled to a string of heat conduction modules, brings geothermal heat up from abandoned oil wells to operate a boiler and steam turbine. In another exemplary use, waste heat is conducted out of slag for conversion into useful energy. In yet another exemplary use, waste heat is conducted away from a nuclear reactor.

Abstract: One embodiment of a moisture separator reheater includes: heater headers that supply the heating fluid to heat transfer tube groups for heat exchange with the steam; partition plates that guide the steam from a moisture removal section to the heat transfer tube group and then to the heat transfer tube group. The heat transfer tube groups each includes a plurality of heat transfer tubes each having a forward passage part, a backward passage part, and a bent tube part. The forward and the backward passage parts extend in a longitudinal direction of a body drum and the bent tube part connects the forward and the backward passage parts. The bent tube pipe is provided outside end plates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a header plate (1) of a heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of openings or sockets (2) intended for the fixing of a plurality of tubes or the like through which at least one fluid flows, the header plate extending along a planar surface (XX), characterized in that the distance between two adjacent openings or sockets (2), or “tube spacing” (p), is less than 9.5 millimeters (mm). The invention also relates to a header tank with such a header plate (1) and to a brazed or “mechanical” heat exchanger including such a header tank.

Abstract: The invention relates to a collector plate (10) for a heat exchanger comprising a web (12) equipped with openings for the passage of tubes of the heat exchanger and a groove (14), known as a receiving groove, to accept a header tank cover, able to accept a gasket (104) and part of the cover and having a base (18) and two flanges, respectively an inner flange (16) and an outer flange (20) which are connected to the base (18). The inner flange (16) is connected to the web (12) and is subdivided into at least two disjointed portions, the two disjointed portions are separated by at least one recess (30), and the recess (30) between the two disjointed portions of the inner flange (16) is at least in the region of a site of the collector plate (10) that is intended to accept a bent part of the gasket (104). The invention also relates to a heat exchanger comprising the collector plate (10).

Abstract: The heat exchanger flow balancing system serves to substantially equalize fluid flow through essentially identical diameter heat exchanger tubes in a heat exchanger having a single inlet plenum, a single outlet plenum, and a series of equal diameter heat exchanger tubes extending therebetween. In one embodiment, a series of different diameter orifices are provided at the inlet end of each of the tubes, with those tubes farther from the single larger diameter inlet pipe to the plenum generally having smaller orifices. In another embodiment, each of the tubes is provided with a conical nozzle at its inlet end, with those tubes farther from the single inlet pipe to the plenum generally having smaller diameter nozzles. The effect is to substantially equalize fluid flow through all of the heat exchanger tubes, thus increasing the efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method of making a lightweight thermal shield that includes obtaining a mold having a shaped support screen with a molding surface configured to allow the passage of air and moisture therethrough, and with the mold being adapted for drawing a vacuum from behind the support screen. The method also includes applying a wet insulation material onto the molding surface of the support screen and drawing a vacuum to withdraw moisture through the support screen and consolidate a layer of insulation material on top the molding surface. The method further includes removing the consolidated layer of insulation material from off the molding surface, installing the consolidated layer of insulation material into an outer shell layer, and drying the consolidated layer of insulation material within the outer shell layer to form a lightweight core insulation layer.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly includes a heat transfer block defining alternatively arranged mounting grooves and spacer ribs, and radiation fins respectively formed by bending one respective thin metal sheet member into a substantially inverted U-shaped profile having two radiation fin walls that have one end connected to each other and an opposite end terminating in a respective outwardly upwardly extending folded portion, each radiation fin wall with the respective outwardly upwardly extending folded portion being inserted into one respective mounting groove of the heat transfer block and fixedly secured thereto through a stamping operation to deform the folded portions of the radiation fin walls of the radiation fins and spacer ribs of the heat transfer block synchronously.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchange laminate for use as a heat exchange member in a heat exchange unit, comprising a base layer extending substantially planar, said base layer being bilaterally coated with a contact layer. The contact layer is electrical conductive and is substantially non-metallic. At least one of the contact layers has an embossed contact surface. The invention further relates to the use of the heat exchange laminate and to a heat exchange unit and a printing system comprising such a heat exchange laminate.

Abstract: A strengthened firearm includes at least one metal/composite material formed into at least one firearm component, and a polymer/composite material combined with the at least one firearm component. The metal/composite material replaces the polymer/composite material in a specific area or component of the firearm that may be weak or tend to fail earlier than other areas or components of a polymer/composite firearm. The method of combining the multiple materials allows for additional strength in the firearm.

Abstract: A firearm choke tube includes a cylindrical body, a choke interrupted thread section, and a locking tab. The choke interrupted thread section is positioned on an outer surface of the cylindrical body and configured to threadably engage an interrupted thread section of a barrel of a firearm to limit longitudinal movement of the cylindrical body relative to the barrel. The locking tab protrudes from the outer surface of the cylindrical body and is configured to interface with a detent formed in the barrel to limit rotational movement of the cylindrical body relative to the barrel.

Abstract: A gun rest system comprises a gun support member comprising a gun support coupling apparatus having a first arm and a second arm, a first leg frame coupled to the first arm, and a second leg frame coupled to the second arm. The gun rest system may be moveable between a disengaged position with the first leg frame and the second leg frame disposed in a substantially parallel orientation and an engaged position with the first leg frame and the second leg frame disposed in a generally angled orientation. The gun rest system may further comprise a base and an adjustable limb coupled between the base and the gun support member.

Abstract: A firearm bump stock assembly provides a mount and support for a conventional semi-automatic firearm. The firearm bump stock assembly beneficially provides a user with the ability to increase the fire rate efficiency of a firearm by reducing the amount of time between pulling of a trigger on a firearm and reloading of a new bullet into a chamber of said firearm, thus allowing said firearm to be reloaded and fired more rapidly. The firearm bump stock assembly also beneficially provides a user with the ability to maintain accuracy of said firearm and to easily aim and maneuver said firearm, while concurrently being able to increase said firearm's rate of fire.

Abstract: A rupturable bag assembly including a balloon, an outer wall, an inlet port, and a heat resistant shield. The balloon is fabricated from an elastic material. The outer wall is disposed around the balloon, the outer wall having a perimeter seam which parts abruptly at a predetermined tension. The inlet port passes through the outer wall into the balloon for inflating the balloon to produce the predetermined tension. The heat resistant shield is disposed within the balloon opposite the inlet port. The outer wall is constructed of a relatively inelastic material in comparison to the material used to construct the balloon.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present disclosure describe a crossbow that includes a stock assembly. Flexible limbs extend laterally from the stock assembly. Cams are rigidly attached directly to the stock assembly or to extensions from the stock assembly, typically within an area defined by the limbs.

Abstract: A paintball drive system of a paintball loader and includes a board having a hole with which a driving ring is engaged. A gear ring is connected to the driving ring. A friction ring is located at the inside of the gear ring. A base is located beneath the board and has a cone which has an outlet and an entrance. A power unit is connected to one end of the loader and rotates the gear ring. The paintballs are received in the paintball loader and is moved by the friction ring which is driven by the gear ring to guide the paintballs to move through the entrance and be fed into the paintball gun via the outlet.

Abstract: An air supply system for use with an airsoft gun to power a pneumatic engine contained within a receiver of the airsoft gun. The air supply system includes a bottle of pressurized air that supplies the pressurized air at a first pressure to the pneumatic drive engine. A pressure regulator is located between the supply of pressurized air and the pneumatic drive engine and operates to reduce the pressure of the air from the first pressure to a second pressure. The pressure regulator is supported on the airsoft gun and allows the pressure of air supplied to the pneumatic engine of the airsoft gun to be selectively regulated. The pressure regulator includes an adjustment dial that allows an operator to change the pressure of air supplied to the airsoft gun. The pressure regulator can be located either on a stock of the airsoft gun, within a pistol grip of the airsoft gun or between the bottle of pressurized air and the receiver.

Abstract: Apparatus for conversion of a firearm into a compressed gas powered firearm simulator for simulating shooting including a simulated barrel unit, which includes a rechargeable compressed gas reservoir therein. The reservoir in the barrel unit is rechargeable via a fill port included in the barrel unit, and a metering valve provided in the barrel unit permits the pulsed release of compressed gas from the barrel unit to simulate firing.

Abstract: A toy gun comprising: a housing; a plurality of projectile chambers each adapted to house a projectile, each projectile chamber being in fixed relationship with the housing; and a pumping apparatus having a delivery interface alignable with each projectile chamber in a sequence, such that when the delivery interface is aligned with one of the projectile chambers, the pumping apparatus is operable to drive air into said one of the projectile chambers via the delivery interface.

Abstract: A hand guard attachment system for releasably attaching a hand guard to a firearm is disclosed herein. The system includes the hand guard having a proximal end configured to engage a forward end of a receiver of the firearm. The system further includes a tensioning assembly configured to interface between the hand guard and the forward end of the firearm. The tensioning assembly is further configured to selectively maintain an engaged position between the hand guard and the firearm such that the hand guard is releasably attached to the firearm without interfering with, or requiring removal of, the barrel and/or barrel nut connected to the receiver.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a firearm stabilization apparatus having (1) a main body further having a stopped dado which forms a depression on a front surface of the main body; a first magnet positioned within the depression; a slot along a edge of the main body; and a second magnet positioned within the slot; and (2) a firearm further with a third magnet.

Abstract: A chest holster pocket (110) having a firearm receiving section (140) formed between a pocket back panel (122) and a pocket front panel (124). The panels (122, 124) are connected along a bottom and optionally along a lower portion of each of the sides. The panels (122, 124) are coupled via a quick release fastening material (128) disposed along the upper portion of each side. A finger loop (116) is provided for assisting in quick access to a firearm (160) positioned within the receiving section (140). The pocket (110) incorporates a vest fastening material (130) or a PALS/MOLLE (270, 280) system affixed to the exterior of the pocket back panel (122). A pair of upper securing straps (114) is attached to the upper corners to the pocket (110).

Abstract: A wallet style holster for holding and concealing a handgun includes an elongated panel including a top flap portion and a bottom flap portion having a handgun retaining element attached to the bottom flap portion where the handgun retaining element includes a trigger guard retention portion and a forward block. At least one protrusion is separated from the forward block by a channel, where the channel and the protrusion are formed to receive a handgun trigger and trigger guard which is held between the protrusion and the forward block. The top flap portion of the elongated panel may be folded over the bottom flap portion to form a wallet, sized so as to be adapted to cover a handgun and fit in a pocket.

Abstract: A sight frame with which the user can convert a handgun into a rifle-like gun is disclosed. The sight frame includes a frame part and stock, as well as an intermediate slide and locking and guide structures in such a manner that said locking and guide structures are arranged on the sight frame for fast attachment to a handgun and that said intermediate slide is by means of the lifting force provided by the locking and guide structures to the handgun arranged to support itself play free against the slide of the handgun along a major portion of the slide and to support itself through the guide surfaces play free against the guide surfaces arranged on the frame part of the sight frame.

Abstract: A master module incorporates a laser, a power source, a control unit and a laser adjustment mechanism. The module is a single, compact unit designed to fit into a small casing.

Abstract: A riflescope aiming system that includes a telescopic sight, a multiple-zero-point elevation turret and an aiming reference system. The multiple-zero-point elevation turret includes a rotatable indicator carrier and a plurality of indicator pins secured to the indicator carrier, each indicator pin corresponding to a predetermined target distance. The aiming reference system is operably coupled to the objective housing of the telescopic sight and displays aiming reference data.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention can include systems and methods for associating an accessory with a firearm. According to one embodiment, an accessory having an accessory portion and an attachment portion can be provided. The attachment portion can allow the accessory to be mounted to at least a portion of a rail assembly of the firearm when the attachment portion is clamped to the portion of the rail assembly of the firearm. The attachment portion can include a clamp assembly comprising a clamped position and an unclamped position. The attachment portion can also include a lever assembly operable to move the clamp assembly between the clamped position and the unclamped position respectively. Moreover, the attachment portion can include a lever assembly housing for at least partially enclosing some or all of the lever assembly.

Abstract: Methods for forming armored glass cylinders suitable for improving resistance of armor to armor piercing rounds, explosively formed penetrators, or other threats. Cool a cylindrical glass or ceramic element to a temperature below that of a cylindrical casing, place the cylindrical glass or ceramic element into the cylindrical casing while the cylindrical glass or ceramic element is cool, and seal the cylindrical casing and allow the temperature of the cylindrical glass or ceramic element to rise, such that the cylindrical casing compresses the cylindrical glass or ceramic element. Alternately, heat a metal cylindrical casing, press glass or ceramic into the cylinder while the metal cylinder is at an elevated temperature, seal the metal cylindrical casing while metal cylindrical casinger is at an elevated temperature, and allow the metal cylinder to cool, such that when cooled, the cylindrical casing will compress the glass in all directions.

Abstract: A system and method uses three-dimensional, visual feedback for simulated weapons fire during training of a soldier in a combat exercise. In the system, the soldier is provided with a weapon equipped with a laser transmitter that simulates the firing of actual rounds. Further, sensors are positioned on a human target. Also, discharge members are located on the human target. When a signal is received by a sensor, selected discharge members are activated to immediately expel a plume of dust. As a result, the plume of expelled dust provides three-dimensional, visual feedback to the soldier in real-time.

Abstract: The bullet for striking obstructed targets includes a main bullet casing having a primary front portion and a primary rear portion, the main bullet casing including a primary propellant and a primary firing means configured to ignite the primary propellant, the primary firing means positioned in the primary rear portion of the main bullet casing, a detachable bullet casing having a secondary front portion and a secondary rear portion, the detachable bullet casing positioned in communicating relation to the main bullet casing, the detachable bullet casing including a secondary propellant and a secondary firing means configured to ignite the secondary propellant, the secondary firing means positioned in the secondary front portion of the detachable bullet casing, and a bullet head positioned on the secondary front portion of the detachable bullet casing, the bullet head having a triggering means positioned in communicating relation to the secondary firing means configured to ignite the secondary firing means.

Abstract: A cylindrical carbon fiber arrow shaft formed with an exterior surface having single or multiple outside diameters and formed with an axial bore having multiple interior diameters. In a preferred embodiment, the exterior surface of the arrow shaft has an increased external diameter at the nock end and tapers to a smaller external diameter at the tip end. The axial bore has an internal diameter at the nock end corresponding to standard arrows having external diameters of 0.295 inches and tapers to a smaller internal diameter at the tip end. Modifying the length, diameter, and wall thickness of the arrow shaft varies the stiffness of the arrow shaft along the length and shifts the center of gravity along the length of the arrow shaft and as well. Utilizing standard internal diameters, nock and tips may be attached without spacers or inserts, thereby decreasing weight of the arrow significantly.