Abstract: An apparatus includes a backboard configured to support an immobilized, supine individual during transportation of the individual and a weighing device associated with the backboard and moveable with the backboard during the transportation of the individual. The weighing device configured to determine weight of the individual on the backboard. A light on the backboard is in electronic communication with the weighing device, and the light is associated with a predetermined weight range. The light is configured to be illuminated only when the weight determined by the weighing device is within the predetermined weight range. The apparatus permits determining the dosage of a medicament to be administered to an individual, especially a pediatric patient, when the individual is on the backboard because the dosage of the medicament is correlated to the weight of the individual.

Abstract: A vibration sensor includes a piezoelectric crystal; and a base having an upper surface and a lower surface, the piezoelectric crystal attached to the upper surface of the base, the base defining a notch in at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface. Another embodiment of a vibration sensor includes a first piezoelectric crystal; a second piezoelectric crystal; a base attached to the first piezoelectric crystal on first side of the base and attached to the second piezoelectric crystal on a second side of the base opposite the first side of the base; a voltage amplifier in electrical communication to the first piezoelectric crystal; and a charge amplifier in electrical communication to the second piezoelectric crystal.

Abstract: A combined leg structure of a micro bridge unit of a focal plane array adopts a conductive polymer film or a doped conductive polymer film to serve as an extraction electrode in the micro bridge unit of the focal plane array, which contacts a vanadium oxide thermosensitive film or a doped vanadium oxide thermosensitive film of a bridge surface layer, so as to electrically connect the thermosensitive film of the micro bridge unit with a read-out circuit. The combined leg structure includes three layers: respectively an upper SiNx film layer, a lower SiNx film layer and a middle layer of the conductive polymer film or the doped conductive polymer film. The present invention adopts the conductive polymer film or the doped conductive polymer film having a low thermal conductivity to serve as an electrode material. A bridge leg absorption structure is arranged in the combined leg structure.

Abstract: A target component calibration device includes a mixing coefficient calculating section that calculates mixing coefficients of target components regarding a test object based on observational data regarding the test object and calibration data, and a target component content calculating section that calculates the content of target components based on the mixing coefficients calculated by the mixing coefficient calculating section and a simple regression equation representing the relationship between the content and the mixing coefficients corresponding to the target components. The target component content calculating section adjusts at least one of two constants of the simple regression equation depending on a measurement condition when the observational data is obtained.

Abstract: The effective spot size of a spectroscopic metrology device is reduced through deconvolution of a measurement spectra set acquired from a measurement target combined with a training spectra set obtained from a training target. The measurement spectra set may be obtained using sparse sampling of a grid scan of a measurement target. The training spectra set is obtained from a grid scan of a training target that is similar to the measurement target. The training spectra set and the measurement spectra set include spectra from different grid nodes. Deconvolution of the measurement spectra and the training spectra sets produces an estimated spectrum for the measurement target that is an estimate of a spectrum from the measurement target produced with incident light having an effective spot size that is smaller than the actual spot size. One or more characteristics of the measurement target may then be determined using the estimated spectrum.

Abstract: There is provided a method for analyzing optical properties of an object, including utilizing a light illumination having a plurality of amplitudes, phases and polarizations of a plurality of wavelengths impinging from the object, obtaining modified illuminations corresponding to the light illumination, applying a modification to the light illumination thereby obtaining a modified light illumination, analyzing the modified light illumination, obtaining a plurality of amplitudes, phases and polarizations maps of the plurality of wavelengths, and employing the plurality of amplitudes, phases and polarizations maps for obtaining output representing the object's optical properties. An apparatus for analyzing optical properties of an object is also provided.

Abstract: A method of estimating land surface temperature lapse rate using an infrared image is disclosed. In the method of estimating land surface temperature lapse rate using an infrared image, a target area for the estimation of land surface temperature lapse rate is selected. The atmospheric transmittance of the target area is calculated. Reference temperature is estimated at a reference location set in the target area as desired. A temperature difference is calculated from the atmospheric transmittance and the estimated reference temperature, and then a temperature difference image is generated. Land surface temperature lapse rate is estimated from the temperature difference image and a Digital Elevation Map (DEM) in an identical area using an elevation-based temperature difference distribution.

Abstract: A process is provided for diagnosing conditions of a combustion process in an enclosure is provided, and includes steps of: capturing images of selected regions of the enclosure using a plurality of image-capturing devices connected to the enclosure; receiving a plurality of signals representing the conditions of the combustion process from at least one sensor associated with the enclosure; estimating a three-dimensional (3D) radiance or temperature field of the combustion process in the selected regions; evaluating the captured images, the plurality of signals, and the 3D radiance or temperature field for analyzing the conditions of the combustion process at a predetermined interval; and adjusting at least one furnace parameter based on the evaluation of the images, the plurality of signals, and the 3D radiance or temperature field for controlling the conditions of the combustion process in the enclosure.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for forming microbolometers on glass substrates. In one aspect, the formation of microbolometers on glass substrates can reduce the size and cost of the resultant array and associated circuitry. In one aspect, a portion of the measurement and control circuitry can be formed by thin-film deposition on the glass substrate, while sensitive measurement and control circuitry can be formed on ancillary CMOS substrates. In one aspect, the microbolometers may be packaged using a variety of techniques, including a wafer-level packaging process or a pixel-level packaging process.

Abstract: A pyroelectric material is constituted with an oxide containing iron, manganese, bismuth, and lanthanum, in which a ratio of the number of the manganese atoms to the sum of the number of the iron atoms, the number of the manganese atoms, and the number of titanium atoms is equal to or greater than 1.0 at % and equal to or less than 2.0 at %, and a ratio of the number of the titanium atoms to the sum of the number of the iron atoms, the number of the manganese atoms, and the number of the titanium atoms is equal to or greater than 0 at % and equal to or less than 4.0 at %.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for indicating when a container has reached a predefined temperature are disclosed. An activatable temperature indicator can include a first indicator portion with a first material with a melting point, and a second indicator portion with a second material configured to change color when combined with the first material of the first indicator portion when the first material reaches the melting point. A separation member can be removeably positioned between the first indicator portion and the second indicator portion, and a biasing mechanism can be configured to bias the first indicator portion and the second indicator portion into contact when the separation member is removed. An attachment mechanism can also be used to place the first indicator portion and the second indicator portion into contact.

Abstract: A temperature detecting device (101) includes: a detecting unit (11) which detects a temperature of a heat source (1); a power generation unit (12) which includes a thermoelectric conversion element (3) and is spaced from the detecting unit (11); a first heat transfer unit (41) that transfers heat or cold of the heat source (1) to the power generation unit (12); a radiator (13) which is remote from the power generation unit (12) so as to radiate heat or cold to outside; a second heat transfer unit (42) that receives heat or cold from the power generation unit (12) and that transfers the heat or cold to the radiating unit (13); and an output unit (14) that outputs a result of the measurement made by the temperature receiving element (2). The thermoelectric conversion element (3) generates electric power by way of a temperature difference between a surface (3a) and a surface (3b) and supplies electric power to the temperature receiving element (2) and the output unit (14).

Abstract: A system for protection from fires and electrical shock of components used in construction of electrical systems is disclosed using a sensing degree of characteristic before an arc fault, with the purpose to detect, annunciate, and remove the hazard before an electrical arc occurs.

Abstract: A remotely controlled, semi-automatic sampling and temperature measuring apparatus for steelmaking comprises (i) an air-cooled main probe body carrying a retractable metallic pipe pole containing a plurality of measuring cardboard cartridges by means of a push-pull driving mechanism; (ii) a non-cooled half-moon circular probe housing comprising a rotating arm for inserting and removal of the main probe body from the furnace by means of a hydraulic rotating actuator; and (iii) a double sided frame arm connected to the furnace shell for rotating and repositioning the half-moon circular probe housing and the main probe body away from the furnace for replacing the cardboard cartridges.

Abstract: In order to evaluate the cooling performance of cutting oil, cooling water, and the like more accurately than conventional means, there are provided a temperature measurement method and a temperature measurement device that can actually ascertain the temperature of a rotating tool such as a cutting tool during cutting or welding torch during welding in real time. The temperature measurement method uses a rotating holder that is rotatable around a rotating axis and has a hollow hole extending from a front end to a rear end along the rotating axis, and a rotating tool that is connected to the rotating holder and has a coaxial through hole with the hollow hole.

Abstract: A pressure array sensor module, comprising an array electrode board, a plurality of pressure sensing elements, at least one first conductive structure and at least one second conductive structure is provided. The array electrode board comprises a substrate and an electrode array disposed on the substrate and having a first electrode pattern and a second electrode pattern. Each pressure sensing element is disposed at a sensing position on the array electrode board, and comprises a top electrode layer, a bottom electrode layer and at least one pressure sensing layer disposed between the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer. The top electrode layer has a first lead. The bottom electrode layer has a second lead. The first conductive structure electrically connects the first lead and the corresponding first electrode pattern. The second conductive structure electrically connects the second lead and the corresponding second electrode pattern.

Abstract: A pressure array sensor module including an array electrode board, a plurality of pressure sensing elements, at least one first conductive structure and at least one second conductive structure is provided. The array electrode board includes a substrate and an array electrode. The array electrode, disposed on the substrate, has a first electrode pattern and a second electrode pattern. Each pressure sensing element, disposed on a sensing position of the array electrode board, includes a top electrode layer, a bottom electrode layer and at least one pressure sensing layer disposed between the top and bottom electrode layers. The top electrode layer has a first lead. The bottom electrode layer has a second lead. The first conductive structure is electrically connected between each first lead and a corresponding first electrode pattern. The second conductive structure is electrically connected between each second lead and a corresponding second electrode pattern.

Abstract: Certain implementations of the disclosed technology may include systems, methods, and apparatus for a sealed transducer with an adjustment port. The sealed transducer may include one or more terminals. A first terminal may include electrical connections for connecting to an input voltage source, a ground, and for providing a transducer output signal. A second terminal, for example, may include an electrical port for connecting to an external and separately sealed adjustment network. In one example implementation, the adjustment network can include one or more components configured to couple with internal circuitry of the transducer to alter a response of the sensor.

Abstract: A pressure measurement cell, comprising: a ceramic measurement membrane and a ceramic counterpart. The measurement membrane is joined to the counterpart in a pressure-tight manner forming a pressure chamber between the measurement membrane and the counterpart by means of an active brazing solder. The pressure measurement cell furthermore has a solder stop layer on a surface of the measurement membrane and/or the counterpart, wherein the solder stop layer has a metal oxide or a reduced form of the metal oxide. The metal oxide has at least one oxidation stage, which, assuming an activity coefficient of Rakt=1 at an inverse temperature of 8·10?4/K, has an oxygen coexistence decomposition pressure of not less than 1?23 MPa (10?23· bar) and not more than 1?12 MPa (10?12· bar) and which, assuming an activity coefficient of Rakt=1, at an inverse temperature of 9.10?4/K has an oxygen coexistence decomposition pressure of not less than 1?27 MPa (10?27 bar) and not more than 1?15 MPa (10?15 bar).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor device 1 includes: a variable current generating unit 11 that sends a direct current Idac of a value according to a control signal S1 from one measurement node of a bridge circuit B1 in which a change amount ?R4 of a resistance value of a pressure-sensitive resistance element R4 appears as a potential difference ?V between measurement nodes NA, NB; a potential difference determining unit 12 that determines whether or not the potential difference ?V has been generated; and a control unit 13 that outputs the control signal S1 to the variable current generating unit 11 so that the variable current generating unit 11 sends the direct current Idac of a value that does not generate the potential difference ?V based on a determination result D1 of the potential difference determining unit 12.

Abstract: A method for correcting offset drift in a sensor used in cyclic sensing is provided. The method includes: identifying a target value for a parameter of a signal between sensing cycles of the sensor; ascertaining a difference between a measured value for the signal and the target value; ascertaining a duration between the sensing cycles; using the difference and the duration, calculating a number of steps to attain the target value from the measured value; and adjusting the measured value by the number of steps to substantially agree with the target value. A pressure sensor is disclosed.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems are described for determining cylinder health characteristic in a reciprocating piston engine of the type including a piston-cylinder assembly and a crankshaft. The piston-cylinder assembly includes a cylinder and a piston configured to translate within the cylinder as the crankshaft rotates. In one embodiment, the computer-implemented method includes rotating the crankshaft in a first direction, while generating a first data set comprising a first plurality of piston position measurements and corresponding pressure indicator measurements. The crankshaft is further rotated in a second opposing direction, while a second data set is generated comprising a second plurality of piston position measurements and corresponding pressure indicator measurements. A symmetric aspect between the first and second data sets is then identified and utilized to determining a cylinder health characteristic for the piston-cylinder assembly.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and a method to monitor fluid loss from one or more casks (2) during a maturation process. The apparatus (1) comprises a multi-pass absorption cell (4) arranged in fluid communication with one or more fluid conduits (5) and a pump (8), and a monitoring system (12). The pump (8) and fluid conduits (5) provide a means for transporting a fluid sample (e.g. a vapour sample) to the multi-pass absorption cell (4). The monitoring system (12) provides a means for detecting and identifying fluid within the multi-pass absorption cell (4).

Abstract: A vibration sensor includes at least one piezoelectric crystal having an upper surface and a lower surface; a base having an attachment section defining an attachment surface and an at least one calibration mass; wherein a one of the at least one piezoelectric crystal upper surface and lower surface attaches to the attachment surface of the base; and wherein the at least one calibration mass is external to the piezoelectric crystal.

Abstract: Provided is a leak detecting apparatus for an ink flow channel in a recording apparatus configured to supply ink from an ink supply unit via the ink flow channel to an ink discharge unit, and cause the ink to be discharged from the ink discharge unit for recording, the leak detecting apparatus including: a pressurized gas delivery unit that is connectable to the ink supply unit and delivers pressurized gas; and a pressure detecting unit provided in the pressurized gas delivery unit. The pressure variation in the ink flow channel filled with pressurized gas in association with delivery of the pressurized gas from the pressurized gas delivery unit to the ink flow channel via the ink supply unit in a pressurized manner is capable of being detected by the pressure detecting unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and a computer-implemented method of remaining life estimation. An interface module receives measurement data indicative of a level of usage of an apparatus. A data access module accesses first and second model data of the apparatus. The first model data includes discrete probabilities of a first set of respective remaining usage (RU) values. The second model data includes usage levels matched to a second set of respective RU values. A filter engine updates the first model data by neglecting a selected portion of the discrete probabilities of the first set of RU values. The selected portion corresponds to negative RU values. The filter engine generates an RU estimate of the apparatus based at least on the updated first model data and the second model data.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and a computer-implemented method of remaining use estimation. An interface module receives measurement data indicative of a level of usage of an apparatus. A filter engine, based on first model data, generates a first value indicative of a probability that the RU of the apparatus reached a threshold RU value. The filter engine, based on second model data, generates a second value indicative of a probability of the received measurement data given that the RU of the apparatus reached the threshold RU value. The filter engine, based on the first and second values, generates output data that is indicative of a probability that the RU of the apparatus reached the threshold RU value.

Abstract: Swabs, and materials of the present disclosure, and methods of making same, include randomly arranged sea-island bicomponent fibers.

Abstract: The embodiments herein provide a tissue processing and slide staining equipment with a three degree freedom robotic arm that simultaneously performs tissue processing and slide staining for several sample baskets with similar or different processing methods. The equipment comprises two dimensional array of cylindrical containers with lids to hold sample baskets in position. The arm moves freely in X, Y, and Z axis using rails and stepper motors. The arm is not connected to lids and baskets and accepts new baskets of samples while processing previous samples. The arm grips the basket containing samples and leaves the basket in proximity to the reagent. The equipment comprises a user friendly interface having appropriate callouts to guide a user during process programming/running. The interface allows the user to freely design and modify each step of the processing method. The equipment comprises an intelligent rule database that automatically handles human-induced errors.

Abstract: The method for determining fracture toughness includes clamping a cutting element in a first orientation, exerting a confining pressure on the cutting element, applying a first load at a first distance from a perimeter of the diamond table of the cutting element, increasing the first load to a first level sufficient to fracture, and recording the first level sufficient to fracture. Then, another load is applied at another distance from a perimeter of the diamond table with another cutting element or the same cutting element in another orientation. The load is increased until fracture again. The steps are repeated at different distances and different orientations to create a profile of the fracture toughness of the cutting element. The method also includes wearing the cutting element and measuring fracture toughness at a worn distance. The profile is a more complete rating of the cutting element under drilling conditions.

Abstract: A vibrating member (412) adapted for use in a vibrating densitometer (400) includes a base (407) and a vibrating tube portion (405) affixed to the base (407). The vibrating tube portion (405) includes a first arcuate portion (430a), a second arcuate portion (430b), a first non-arcuate portion (432a), and a second non-arcuate portion (432b). The first and second non-arcuate portions (432a, 432b) are located between the first and second arcuate portions (430a, 430b). The vibrating tube portion (405) is formed with an oblong cross-sectional shape having a major axis dimension that is greater than a minor axis dimension. The oblong cross-sectional shape increases a frequency separation between vibration modes in the vibrating tube portion (405).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a controller apparatus for regenerating a particulate matter sensor. The controller apparatus includes a sensing module configured to detect a soot loading on a particulate matter sensor and generate a regeneration request indicating a desired regeneration temperature and a heating module configured to receive the regeneration request and send a heating command signal to a heating element based on the regeneration request. The controller apparatus also includes an electrical resistance module configured to detect an electrical resistance in the heating element, a calibration module configured to determine an actual temperature of the heating element based on a resistance-to-temperature model, and a temperature feedback module configured to modify the heating command signal according to the difference between the desired regeneration temperature and the actual temperature.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure generally include a scan module configured to scan a filter for leaks. In one example, the scan module includes a housing having a plurality of scan probes disposed therein. A movement mechanism is coupled to the plurality of scan probes. The movement mechanism is operable to simultaneously displace the plurality of scan probes within the housing.

Abstract: The system and method for testing a filter containment system. A containment system may include a filter housing with a diverging transition section mounted upstream and a converging transition section mounted downstream. An upstream test section can be arranged upstream of the diverging transition section. During a test of the filter, and aerosol can be dispersed substantially evenly across a cross-sectional area of the upstream test section. The downstream test section can be arranged downstream of the converging transition section. The downstream test section may optionally include a mixer that disturbs the airflow. The downstream test section can also include a sampling array, downstream of the mixer that simultaneously samples the airflow substantially evenly across the cross-sectional area of the downstream test section for the presence of aerosol.

Abstract: A method of collecting cells from individual wells of a multi-well plate for use in flow cytometry, the method including adding a suspension of cells to wells of the multi-well plate; and aspirating cells from different wells according to a collection pattern into a flow cytometer, wherein the collection pattern is a sequential ordering of wells beginning at a middle region of the multi-well plate and continuing towards an outer region of the multi-well plate. The method preferably including rotating or agitating the multi-well plate between steps of aspirating cells from different wells. Exemplary collection patterns include spiral-square collection pattern and a nearest well to center collection pattern.

Abstract: A drag sled having a sled body defining a curved front end and a lower surface to which tire samples are removable affixed is disclosed, as are methods of employing the drag sled to calculate coefficient of friction and vehicle speeds. In some embodiments, the tire sample is substantially similar to the tire in question.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a method, including: operating a motor to position sample fluid within a fluid channel of a cuvette; transmitting light through an optical chamber of the cuvette; measuring a value of received light that has been transmitted through the optical chamber; comparing the measured value of light to one or more thresholds; determining a position of the sample fluid within the fluid channel based on a comparison from the comparing step; and generating a response based upon the position of the sample fluid with the fluid channel. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a cuvette, including: a body having a fluid channel therein; and an outer surface having encoded information disposed thereon and readable by a reader of a sample instrument. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: A device and a method of sensing characteristics of a food material and a machine and a method of brewing coffee. The device comprises: a wave source (20) configured for emitting waves to said food material (22), with the wavelength range of said waves comprising a selected near infrared band neighboring a visible band; a detector (26), configured for detecting intensities of the waves reflected by said food material; and an analysis module (28), configured for determining said characteristics according to the detected intensity of the reflected waves. Preferably, the food material comprises coffee powder, and the characteristics comprise at least any one of: color of the coffee powder (corresponding to the roasting degree of coffee powder); and grind fineness of the coffee powder.

Abstract: A signal detection method includes acquiring a measurement signal including a first signal, which is a signal of a target component, and a second signal, which is a signal of an interference component; and performing an orthogonal operation for adjusting the measurement signal such that the measurement signal is orthogonal to the second signal.

Abstract: An instrument and method for analyzing a gas leak. The instrument can obtain a time series of spectra from a scene. The instrument can compare spectra from different times to determine a property of a gas cloud within the scene. The instrument can estimate the column density of the gas cloud at one or more locations within the scene. The instrument can estimate the total quantity of gas in the cloud. The instrument can estimate the amount of gas which has left the field of view of the instrument. The instrument can also estimate the amount of gas in the cloud which has dropped below the sensitivity limit of the instrument.

Abstract: As hydrogen sulfide is toxic and widely present in many oil and gas facilities, it is highly desirable to use an infrared camera to detect the presence of a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plume from a safe distance. The proposed are an imaging system and method for detecting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in a safe distance. The imaging system includes an infrared (IR) imager capable of capturing an image of a scene that includes a gas plume, and a narrow bandpass filter installed in the infrared imager. The narrow bandpass filter has a spectral window. A width of the spectral window is in the range of 100 nm to 300 nm. The spectral window is included in a wavelength range between 2.5 ?m and 2.8 ?m, a wavelength range between 1.5 ?m and 2.0 ?m, or a wavelength range between 7.0 ?m and 10.0 ?m.

Abstract: A sensor includes, in part, a multitude of splitters/couplers and optical couplers. One of the splitter/couplers splits an incoming optical signal into first and second optical signals. A first optical coupler includes, in part, a through path receiving the first signal, a coupled path, and an exposure window receiving a sample undergoing sensing by the sensor. The second optical coupler includes, in part, a through path receiving the second signal, and a coupled path. A first output port of the sensor supplies the optical signal travelling in the through path of the first optical coupler. A second splitter/coupler combines the optical signals travelling in the coupled paths of the first and second optical couplers to generate a second output signal delivered to a second output port. An optional third output port supplies the optical signal travelling in the through path of the second optical coupler.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, spectra from the medium are deconstructed into features. Conditioned features, which contain frequency components specific to glucose or the other analytes, are derived from one or more features by modulating a carrier kernel with the feature. The conditioned features are computationally collided with one or more Zyotons that are co-dependent with the conditioned features. One or more collisions amplify a property of the analyte e.g., energy absorbed by glucose in tissue from radiation directed to the skin. A gradient of several values of the amplified property, each value corresponding to a particular radiation pattern according to a spectroscopic tomographic sequence, is used to select a suitable projector curve, with which a representative amplified value is projected to an accurate estimate of the concentration of glucose or the other analytes, without needing personalized calibration.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the measurement of wax appearance temperature and wax disappearance temperature. The apparatus includes the following. The sample receptacle having a receptacle opening, including a bottom, at least one side and an open top. The sample receptacle including an inlet and an outlet for sample insertion and removal. The at least one side about the receptacle opening being light absorbing. The sample receptacle including a transparent cover mounted over the open top. The bottom of the receptacle opening having a reflective upper surface. A thermo device temperature change of the sample. A thermometer to register current temperature of the sample. A viewing chamber above the transparent cover, where the viewing chamber is surrounded by material that is light absorbing. A light emitting device to project light through the viewing chamber and the transparent cover.

Abstract: TeraHertz signal generation system based on traveling-wave oscillators providing extraction of orders of magnitude higher oscillation frequencies resulting in frequency multipliers and THz transceivers that can generate, transmit and sense THz frequency signals for sensing/imaging.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a surface temperature of an environmental barrier coating (EBC) of a hot gas component includes directing an excitation beam having a first wavelength at a layer of a temperature indicator formed on the hot gas component. The method also includes measuring a fluorescent radiation emitted by the temperature indicator. The fluorescent radiation has a second wavelength and an intensity. In addition, the method includes determining a surface temperature of the EBC based on the intensity of the second wavelength of the fluorescent radiation.

Abstract: A method for determining the suitability for use in an engine of a fuel e.g. a jet fuel that may contain particulate contaminants, such as organic and/or inorganic particulates, is disclosed. The method can be used to distinguish a known organic particulate contaminant from inorganic particulate contaminants in the fuel. A composition suitable for use in the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of detecting concentration of dipicolinic acid and terbium chloride in a chemical composition with a fluorometer, wherein the fluorometer comprises an excitation source for emitting electromagnetic radiation at one or more wavelengths, and a detector module for detecting fluorescence emitted by dipicolinic acid, emitting electromagnetic radiation from the excitation source at wavelengths that induce fluorescence in dipicolinic acid-terbium chloride combination present in the chemical composition, detecting the fluorescence emitted by the dipicolinic acid-terbium chloride combination via the detector module, and determining the concentration of dipicolinic acid using predetermined relationship between fluorescence emitted and the concentration of dipicolinic acid-terbium chloride combination.

Abstract: A plasma diagnostic method and apparatus using Raman scattering are disclosed herein. The plasma diagnostic method using Raman scattering includes focusing a laser beam, controlled such that the laser beam enters a preset polarized state, into a gas within a vacuum chamber, generating plasma in response to the focusing of the laser beam, magnetizing the generated plasma by inducing an electromagnetic field using a radio frequency (RF) power source mounted on the vacuum chamber and configured to provide an RF signal, and performing plasma diagnostic parameter-based monitoring based on scattered light generated via the laser beam incident into the magnetized plasma.