Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method, system, and computer program for improved Unicode encoding (UTF-8C). Specifically, the use of a numeric offset system is employed to reduce coding complexity and to mitigate errors in decoding, as compared to standard UTF-8 encoding. Further, a non-zero null string filter may be used to improve the convenience of internalizing C-strings.

Abstract: In a multi-antenna communication system using LDPC codes, a simple method is used to effectively improve the received quality by performing a retransmittal of less data without restricting applicable LDPC codes. In a case of a non-retransmittal, a multi-antenna transmitting apparatus transmits, from two antennas, LDPC encoded data formed by LDPC encoding blocks. In a case of a retransmittal, the multi-antenna transmitting apparatus uses a transmission method, in which the diversity gain is higher than in the previous transmission, to transmit only a part of the LDPC encoded data as previously transmitted. For example, the only the part of the LDPC encoded data to be re-transmitted is transmitted from the single antenna.

Abstract: A method for transmitting an input stream of data across a serial link including a serial channel. The method includes segmenting the stream of data into blocks of bits to form input blocks, and for each input block, calculating a measure of burst error probability, forming an output block and a modification signaling bit from the input block, transmitting the output block, and transmitting the modification signaling bit. The forming of the output block and the modification signaling bit from the input block includes, when the measure of burst error probability exceeds a set threshold: modifying the input block to form the output block, and asserting the modification signaling bit.

Abstract: A method of transmitting broadcast signals includes forward error correction (FEC) encoding mobile data; interleaving the FEC encoded mobile data; encoding signaling information for the mobile data; mapping the interleaved mobile data and the encoded signaling information into a data unit, wherein the data unit includes a first region and a second region, wherein the first region is concatenated with the second region, wherein the first region includes known data and the encoded signaling information, and wherein the second region includes known data and the encoded mobile data; and transmitting the broadcast signals including the data unit, wherein the data unit is multiplexed with a data unit of main data in a specific time period, wherein the signaling information includes information of the data unit having the interleaved mobile data.

Abstract: A system for providing software defined radio on a mobile device includes a hardware portion including an antenna and an interface configured to connect to the mobile device; a software portion configured for execution on the mobile device, the software portion configured to receive and process RF signals received at the antenna.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product are provided. The apparatus outputs a first sinusoidal signal and a second sinusoidal signal according to a first clock frequency, generates, a first digital signal having a 25% duty cycle based on the first sinusoidal signal, generates a second digital signal having a 25% duty cycle based on the second sinusoidal signal, combines the first digital signal and the second digital signal to generate a combined digital signal having a 50% duty cycle and a second clock frequency that is double the first clock frequency, and doubles the second clock frequency of the combined digital signal to generate an output signal having a third clock frequency that is quadruple the first clock frequency. The apparatus further generates a control voltage for the first buffer and the second buffer based on the combined digital signal.

Abstract: Mobile devices such as mobile phones include amplifiers for example audio and RF amplifiers which may consume a significant amount of the available power supplied by a battery. An amplifying system 100 for a mobile device is described the amplifying system comprising a current monitor 12 arranged between a first supply node and a second supply node and operable to monitor a current flow between the first and second supply nodes and to output a monitored current value; a peak current limiter 14 configured to limit an amplifier current to an amplifier to not exceed a maximum peak current value and coupled to a one of the first supply node and the second supply node; a controller coupled to the current monitor output and configured to control the peak current limiter. The amplifying system can dynamically manage the peak current available to the amplifier dependent on the load current being supplied by a battery.

Abstract: Circuits and methods related to radio-frequency (RF) power couplers. In some embodiments, an RF circuit can include a first circuit having a frequency response that includes a feature within a selected frequency range, and a second circuit coupled to the first circuit such that the feature of the frequency response is at least in part due to the coupling. The RF circuit can further include an adjustment circuit configured to move the feature away from the selected frequency range. In some embodiments, such an RF circuit can be implemented in a packaged module which in turn can be included in a wireless device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a power amplifier includes combining a digital modulated data signal with a digital bias signal to generate a combined digital signal, the digital bias signal generated based on an envelope for the modulated data signal; converting, by a digital-to-analog converter, the combined digital signal into a combined analog signal, the combined analog signal comprising an analog modulated data signal and an analog envelope bias signal; and separating the analog modulated data signal and the analog bias signal onto separate signal paths, wherein the converting is performed using a single digital-to-analog converter.

Abstract: An intermodulation distortion canceler for use in multi-carrier transmitters is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, an apparatus includes a first transmit chain that transmits a first RF signal, a second transmit chain that transmits a second RF signal, and a canceler that outputs a first leakage cancellation signal that is input to the second transmit chain, and outputs a second leakage cancellation signal that is input to the first transmit chain, the canceler generates the first and second leakage cancellation signals from the first and second RF signals or from first and second baseband signals used to generate the first and second RF signals.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter that receives an aggregate circuit and outputs two or more sub-signals on outputs each of a different frequency band. The sub-signals are amplified by low noise amplifiers and, in one implementation, the amplified sub-signals can be summed. The outputs are connected via a switched passive network so that portions of the sub-signals on the outputs that are not in the selected frequency band are at least partially terminated.

Abstract: A method of performing alternate frequency switching in a radio includes tuning the radio to a primary frequency. A candidate alternate frequency is identified. It is determined whether the candidate alternate frequency is a third order inter-modulation artifact. Tuning is switched from the primary frequency to the candidate alternate frequency only if it is determined in the determining step that the candidate alternate frequency is not a third order inter-modulation artifact.

Abstract: A communication system includes a communication transceiver with analog interfaces to interface to baseband circuitry and PAs/LNAs. The communication transceiver can include digital tuning and an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter to allow the digital tuner to communicate with the baseband circuitry and PAs/LNAs A plurality of switches may be provided so that the analog-to-digital converter and digital-to-analog converter may be shared for both the interface to the baseband circuitry and the interface to the PAs/LNAs.

Abstract: Receiver architectures and methods of processing harmonic rich input signals employing harmonic suppression mixers are disclosed herein. The disclosed receivers, mixers, and methods enable a receiver to achieve the advantages of switching mixers while greatly reducing the mixer response to the undesired harmonics. A harmonic mixer can include a plurality of mixers coupled to an input signal. A plurality of phases of a local oscillator signal can be generated from a single local oscillator output. Each of the phases can be used to drive an input of one of the mixers. The mixer outputs can be combined to generate a frequency converted output that has harmonic rejection.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus, includes: a second circuit board; a wireless communication processing circuit accommodated in the second circuit board; a first signal line that connects a first ground potential portion of the first circuit board with a first antenna feed point of the wireless communication processing circuit, wherein the first signal line and the first ground potential portion are configured to operate as a first antenna; a second signal line that connects the first circuit board with the second circuit board and is configured to convey a baseband signal; and a circuit element that is connected to the second signal line and is configured to block RF signals that are sent and received by the wireless communication processing circuit.

Abstract: A housing assembly for a mobile device includes a cover formed from optically transmissive material, and opaque material formed over a portion of the cover. The opaque material is arranged to define a display portion which is optically transmissive. The housing assembly further includes a frame sized to receive the cover, and a first housing structured to couple with the frame, such that the cover, the frame, and the first housing are structured to define an enclosure sized to contain electrical components for the mobile device.

Abstract: A casing applicable to a portable electronic device includes a supporter and a casing body having a back surface and side surfaces connecting to the back surface. The back surface has a camera opening for exposing a camera shutter of the portable electronic device and a supporter opening having a bevel side not parallel to the side surfaces. The supporter connected to the bevel side includes first and second sides which define a vertex angle. The supporter is adapted to rotate between a covering position and a supporting position. When at the covering position, the supporter covers the supporter opening, and the vertex angle and the camera opening are arranged diagonally. When the supporter is at the supporting position, the casing is supported by the vertex angle and one of the side surfaces away from the camera opening for the portable electronic device to perform landscape or portrait display.

Abstract: An apparatus and a system for housing a device are described. The apparatus includes a housing that is configured such that a device may be fitted within the housing and thereby be protected, such as from shocks and/or liquid. The housing may include top and bottom members that may be removably coupled together so as to form the housing. Each top and bottom member includes a perimeter portion. The perimeter is defined by proximal and distal ends as well as opposing sides. The top and bottom members may include respective clasping mechanisms that extend along the perimeter of the top and bottom members and may be configured for engaging a third clasping mechanism, such as a locking comb or wedge feature. The clasping mechanisms are configured for coupling the top and bottom members with one another thereby sealing the housing, for instance, in a shock-proof and/or water tight seal.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for calibration of envelope trackers are provided. In one embodiment, a power amplifier system includes a VGA that amplifies an RF input signal to generate an amplified RF input signal, a power amplifier that amplifies the amplified RF input signal to generate an RF output signal, and an envelope tracker that generates a supply voltage for the power amplifier. The envelope tracker includes a scaling module that generates a scaled envelope signal based on a power control level (PCL) signal and an envelope signal that changes in relation to an envelope of the RF input signal. The envelope tracker further includes a calibration module that controls an amount of scaling of the scaled envelope signal based on calibration data to compensate for an envelope amplitude misalignment of the envelope tracker. The envelope tracker controls the voltage level of the supply voltage based on the scaled envelope signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for radio frequency (RF) switches are provided herein. In certain implementations, an RF switching circuit includes an adaptive switch bias circuit that controls gate and/or channel voltages of one or more field effect transistor (FET) switches. Additionally, the adaptive switch bias circuit is powered by a power high supply voltage and a power low supply voltage, and can be used to selectively turn on or off the FET switches based on a state of one or more switch enable signals. The adaptive switch bias circuit adaptively biases that gate and/or channel voltages of the FET switches based on a voltage difference between the power high and power low supply voltages to provide switch biasing suitable for use with two or more different power supply voltage levels.

Abstract: A coexistence interference mitigation method is provided. In a wireless network, a wireless device is equipped with multiple radios in the same device platform. The wireless device also has a control entity that communicates with the multiple co-located radio modules. A first radio module receives a notification from the control entity. The notification informs a critical signaling status of a second radio module co-located with the first radio module. Upon receiving the notification, the first radio module stops uplink transmission due to coexistence interference and transmits a coexistence indicator to its serving eNB. After a certain period, the first radio module receives a second notification that informs a completion status of the critical signaling of the second radio module. Upon receiving the second notification, the first radio module resumes uplink transmission and transmits a coexistence resume indicator to the eNB.

Abstract: An integrated antenna unit, including an extra-wideband antenna, a docking station, and an integrated, field replaceable remote radio unit that electrically couples to the docking station. The docking station may be configured to receive a removable transmission circuit that that electrically couples the remote radio unit and the antenna.

Abstract: A sequence allocating method and apparatus wherein in a system where a plurality of different Zadoff-Chu sequences or GCL sequences are allocated to a single cell, the arithmetic amount and circuit scale of a correlating circuit at a receiving end can be reduced. In ST201, a counter (a) and a number (p) of current sequence allocations are initialized, and in ST202, it is determined whether the number (p) of current sequence allocations is coincident with a number (K) of allocations to one cell. In ST203, it is determined whether the number (K) of allocations to the one cell is odd or even. If K is even, in ST204-ST206, sequence numbers (r=a and r=N?a), which are not currently allocated, are combined and then allocated. If K is odd, in ST207-ST212, for sequences that cannot be paired, one of sequence numbers (r=a and r=N?a), which are not currently allocated, is allocated.

Abstract: A communication system, typically wireless and comprising at least one wireless (say) communication network node having a capacity for communicating with at least one additional wireless (say) communication network node at a given center frequency; and at least one external frequency converter, external to the node, operative to cause at least one wireless (say) communication network node, from outside said node, to communicate with at least one additional wireless (say) communication network node, at least on occasion, according to a given e.g. wireless communication protocol, at at least one converted center frequency which differs from the given center frequency, wherein a Channel Compensation Signal (CCS) is employed.

Abstract: A repeater (1) particularly suitable for a time-division duplex transmission of communication signals is provided. The repeater (1) comprises a master unit (2) for communicating with a base station (3) of a wireless network, at least one remote unit (4) for communicating with a network terminal, as well as a waveguide (11) connecting the remote unit (4) with the master unit (2) for transmitting the communication signals in an uplink direction (6) from the remote unit (4) to the master unit (2) and in a downlink direction (5) from the master unit (2) to the remote unit (4). Both the master unit (2) and the remote unit (4) comprise one switch (19, 20) each for changing over the signal transmission between uplink direction (6) and downlink direction (5).

Abstract: To provide network connectivity in a building using existing electrical wiring and circuitry, a circuit panel network system is provided to interface between a network connection and the electrical circuit. Traditional breakers on the electrical panel that provide overload circuit-protection devices can be replaced with circuit breaker devices that have transceivers and power line communication chipsets in addition to overload circuit-protection devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a data transfer device having computing abilities, for two-way data transfer by direct contacting with a capacitive multi-touch screen of a portable electronic appliance, wherein said data transfer device comprises at least one data receiver on a surface thereof, said data receiver(s) comprises at least one color sensor; and at least one capacitive data transmitter is provided on said surface; such that, in use, two-way data transfer between the data transfer device and the capacitive multi-touch screen of the portable electronic appliance, takes place through the capacitive multi-touch screen of said portable electronic appliance, provided that a software enabling interaction with said data transfer device is running on said portable electronic appliance; and said data transfer device further comprises a pressure sensor which, in use, senses the presence of an electronic appliance (50) placed on said surface of the data transfer device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a near-field signal system to generate signals underwater for navigation and/or communication. In one embodiment, a system includes a signal processing module coupled to a first antenna to transmit near-field signals underwater and a second antenna to receive near-field signals underwater transmitted by the first antenna. In one embodiment, a wetsuit includes an integrated near-field signal system.

Abstract: A communication system includes an HCE application module and a security module. The HCE application module can carry out NFC and transmit an NFC signal in software format. The security module can provide a secure storage for storing at least one NFC applet, receive the NFC signal from the HCE application module, and carry out a process corresponding to the NFC signal. A communication method includes the steps of activating the HCE application module; enabling connection between the HCE application module and the security module; waiting for an NFC signal from an NFC reader; receiving the signal; processing and transmitting the signal to the security module; storing at least one transaction-related key and transaction-related data of the NFC signal and executing a process corresponding to the signal by the security module; and transmitting a responsive signal to the NFC reader.

Abstract: A system with a portable device having an information tag such as a bar code, QR (Quick Response) code, an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag and/or an NFC (Near Field Communication) tag attached thereto is provided. The system also includes a portable electronic device (PED), a communication network and a management platform. The bar code, QR code, RFID tag and/or NFC tag has, provides and directs a portable electronic device (PED) to a specific URL (Uniform Resource Locator). The specific URL links to a website, webpage and the like, which subsequently provides data, information, etc., back to the PED. In some instances, the portable device can be a gaming device and the management platform can allow a user to play a game.

Abstract: Apparatus for supplying power to a field device, comprising: a first electrical connector adapted to electrically couple a field device to the apparatus, a power supply unit electrically coupled to the first connector and adapted to provide electrical power to a field device via the first connector; a local user input, e.g. a manually operated switch, adapted to be actuated by a user; a monitoring circuitry electrically coupled to the local user input and adapted to detect an actuation of the local user input. The monitoring circuit is adapted to generate an activation signal causing the power supply unit to provide electrical voltage to the first electrical connector for powering a field device electrically coupled to the first connector.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein include a transmitter that transmits a power transmission signal (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signal waves) to create a three-dimensional pocket of energy. At least one receiver can be connected to or integrated into electronic devices and receive power from the pocket of energy. The transmitter can locate the at least one receiver in a three-dimensional space using a communication medium (e.g., Bluetooth® technology). The transmitter generates a waveform to create a pocket of energy around each of the at least one receiver. The transmitter uses an algorithm to direct, focus, and control the waveform in three dimensions. The receiver can convert the transmission signals (e.g., RF signals) into electricity for powering an electronic device. Accordingly, the embodiments for wireless power transmission can allow powering and charging a plurality of electrical devices without wires.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein include a transmitter that transmits a power transmission signal (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signal waves) to create a three-dimensional pocket of energy. At least one receiver can be connected to or integrated into electronic devices and receive power from the pocket of energy. The transmitter can locate the at least one receiver in a three-dimensional space using a communication medium (e.g., Bluetooth technology). The transmitter generates a waveform to create a pocket of energy around each of the at least one receiver. The transmitter uses an algorithm to direct, focus, and control the waveform in three dimensions. The receiver can convert the transmission signals (e.g., RF signals) into electricity for powering an electronic device. Accordingly, the embodiments for wireless power transmission can allow powering and charging a plurality of electrical devices without wires.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein include a transmitter that transmits a power transmission signal (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signal waves) to create a three-dimensional pocket of energy. At least one receiver can be connected to or integrated into electronic devices and receive power from the pocket of energy. The transmitter can locate the at least one receiver in a three-dimensional space using a communication medium (e.g., Bluetooth technology). The transmitter generates a waveform to create a pocket of energy around each of the at least one receiver. The transmitter uses an algorithm to direct, focus, and control the waveform in three dimensions. The receiver can convert the transmission signals (e.g., RF signals) into electricity for powering an electronic device. Accordingly, the embodiments for wireless power transmission can allow powering and charging a plurality of electrical devices without wires.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein include a transmitter that transmits a power transmission signal (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signal waves) to create a three-dimensional pocket of energy. At least one receiver can be connected to or integrated into electronic devices and receive power from the pocket of energy. A wireless power network may include a plurality of wireless power transmitters each with an embedded wireless power transmitter manager, including a wireless power manager application. The wireless power network may include a plurality of client devices with wireless power receivers. Wireless power receivers may include a power receiver application configured to communicate with the wireless power manager application. The wireless power manager application may include a device database where information about the wireless power network may be stored.

Abstract: Communicating via near field communication (NFC) between a reader and an application on an NFC-enabled device. The device receives, from a reader, a selection of an application identifier (AID) proxy of the device. The proxy receives, from the reader, a query (including domain name) directed to the availability of an application on the device. The proxy determines whether the domain name corresponds to an AID of an application on the device by reference to a data store relating each domain name of each application to a corresponding AID. When the domain determined to correspond to an AID of an application on the device, the device transmits a response to the reader indicating the AID corresponding to the domain name. The device receives, from the reader, selection of the transmitted AID. The application corresponding to selected AID communicates with the reader in an NFC application protocol data unit communication session.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method in a wireless access network node for controlling a UE. The UE comprises at least two transmit antennas, and is capable of uplink transmit diversity. There is an antenna weight associated with each transmit antenna. First, the wireless access network node determines that the antenna weights of the user equipment may be controlled. Then, it creates a control signal that comprises control information and transmits it to the user equipment. The control information controls a UE autonomous selection of the antenna weights in the UE.

Abstract: Inter-cell coordination to avoid/minimize inter-cell interference in a beamformed mmWave network is proposed to enhance the detection probability of beam pattern indicator. A base station first obtains beacon signal transmission information of neighboring base stations. A plurality of beacon signals are transmitted over a plurality of control beams from the neighboring base stations. The base station then determines beacon signal transmission configuration by coordinating with the neighboring base stations to minimize inter-cell beacon signal interference. Each control beam is configured with a set of periodically allocated resource blocks and a set of beamforming weights. Finally, the base station transmits beacon signals based on the determined beacon signal transmission configuration over the plurality of control beams.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for channel calibration among multiple RRUs, and pertains to the field of communications technologies. The method includes self-calibrating two RRUs to obtain two self-calibration coefficient, exchanging calibration sequences between the two RRUs through an air interface, returning, by one RRU, the calibration sequence received from another RRU to the another RRU in the air interface, and acquiring a calibration coefficient of the another RRU according to the calibration sequences and the self-calibration coefficients.

Abstract: A method of beam administration in a cellular or wireless network is proposed. Cellular/wireless networks operating at Ka or higher frequency band require the use of directional antenna (or through array-based beamforming) to compensate for sever pathloss. Maintaining antenna pointing and tracking accuracy is essential in many phases of the communication process. By using uplink pilot signals for beam alignment/tracking, combined with switched beamforming at the UE and adaptive beamforming at the BS, an effective beam administration is achieved with reduced overhead, complexity, and cost.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer-readable medium for wireless communication are provided. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a processor configured to determine a first set of CSD values for transmitting a first set of information on a plurality of antennas, determine a second set of CSD values for transmitting a second set of information on the plurality of antennas, and transmit the first set of information based on the first set of CSD values and the second set of information based on the second set of CSD values.

Abstract: A diversity receiver includes a local oscillation (LO) signal generator that generates LO signals, each having a phase different from one other; a first frequency converter that includes a first switching mixer controlled by at least one of the LO signals and converts a frequency of a first input signal to generate a first output signal by combining the first input signal with the LO signals; a second frequency converter that includes logic circuits, each of which delivers a corresponding LO signal, and a second switching mixer controlled by an output of the logic circuits, and converts a frequency of a second input signal to generate a second output signal by combining the second input signal with the LO signals, each output of the logic circuits being activated or deactivated in accordance with a corresponding phase control signal; and a combiner that combines the first output signal from the first frequency converter and an output signal and the second signal from the second frequency converter.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for use with wireless networks having one or more cell in which each cell includes a base station (BS), at least one relay station (RS) and at least one mobile station (MS). The at least one relay station can be used as an intermediate station for providing communication between the BS and MS. Methods are provided for allocating OFDM resources for communicating between the BS, RS and/or MS for example dividing transmission resources into uplink and downlink transmissions and methods of inserting pilot symbols into transmission resources used by the RS. In some embodiments on the invention, the methods are consistent and/or can be used in conjunction with existing standards such as 802.16e.

Abstract: A method of operating a relay station in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes operating in a first mode comprising a first sub-mode and a second sub-mode, in the first sub-mode a first downlink and a first uplink between a base station and the relay station being simultaneously activated, in the second sub-mode a second downlink and a second uplink between the relay station and a mobile station being simultaneously activated, and operating in a second mode comprising a third sub-mode and a fourth sub-mode, in the third sub-mode the first downlink and the second uplink being simultaneously activated, in the fourth sub-mode the first uplink and the second downlink being simultaneously activated.

Abstract: In a wireless multi-hop relay network arranged in a tree topology, the base station and one or more relay stations are associated as a virtual base station (VBS). The base station and each relay station have a unique virtual base station identifier (VBS-ID) associated with the path defined by the base station and the one or more relay stations. A relay station in the branch uses its VBS-ID for communicating with an attached subscriber station (e.g. a mobile station) such that communications between the base station and subscriber station occur via the VBS. Subscriber station data communications are relayed between the base station and the one or more relay stations over the VBS via a tunnel connection. The VBS is auto configurable. Mobility for subscriber stations and 10 relay stations is provided through reconfiguration of VBS's.

Abstract: An air-to-ground communications system includes at least one base station to be positioned on the ground and including a ground-based transceiver, a phased array antenna coupled to the ground-based transceiver, and a beamforming network coupled to the ground-based transceiver. The ground-based transceiver is configured to provide data traffic and control information to an aircraft. The beamforming network is configured to simultaneously generate at least one narrow antenna beam for the data traffic and at least one wide beam for the control information.

Abstract: A mobile ad-hoc communications network with multi-interface dynamic routing includes multiple mobile nodes with mobile wireless communication and multiple mobile nodes with mobile wireless communication and satellite communication. At least some of the mobile nodes with mobile wireless communication are dynamically-switched between operating as an ordinary node or as a backbone node. At least some of the mobile nodes with mobile wireless communication and satellite communication are dynamically-switched between operating as an ordinary node or as a backbone node. All of the mobile nodes communicate over a dynamically-formed ordinary communication link. Mobile nodes operating as backbone nodes additionally communicate over a dynamically-formed backbone link.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a base station antenna may include receiving measured data including signal strength data for a signal received from the base station and location data from one or more user equipment, receiving planned radio coverage data, comparing the measured data with the planned radio coverage data, generating adjustment parameters based on a result of the comparison, and adjusting the antenna based on the adjustment parameters.

Abstract: Techniques for detecting intrusion in an optical fiber can be realized as a method comprising: receiving an optical signal; demultiplexing the received optical signal into one or more payload data signals, a first control signal, and a second control signal; comparing a ratio of power levels of the first and second control signals with a threshold ratio; comparing the power level of the control first signal with a first threshold power value and the second control signal with a second threshold power value if the ratio of the power levels of the first and second control signals exceeds the threshold ratio; and generating an intrusion alarm signal, if the first signal is below the first threshold power value and the second signal is below the second threshold power value.

Abstract: An example of a power and modulation circuit utilizes a very high frequency switching power converter to supply drive current power to cause a solid state light source to emit light. The power converter is configured to convert power from a power source to direct current to supply via the output to the light source, at least in part by a switching function of the power converter at a very high frequency rate. The circuit, in such an example, also includes a control circuit coupled to be responsive to input data and control operation of the power converter so that the current output to drive the light source modulates the light emitted from the light source to also carry the input data.