Abstract: The present invention relates to a cation exchange membrane comprising a fluorine-containing polymer containing a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a perfluoroethylene unit having a carboxylic acid-type ion exchange group, wherein a melt index a of the fluorine-containing polymer from methyl esterifying the carboxylic acid-type ion exchange group measured under the condition at 270° C., a load of 2.16 kg and an orifice inner diameter of 2.09 mm is 3 to 50 g/10 min, and the melt index a and a melt index b of the fluorine-containing polymer from methyl esterifying the carboxylic acid-type ion exchange group measured under the condition at 260° C., a load of 2.16 kg and an orifice inner diameter of 2.09 mm satisfy the relation represented by the following expression (1): (a?b)/(270?260)?0.027×a+0.19??(1).

Abstract: A hot-rolled steel sheet has an average value of the X-ray random intensity ratio of a {100}<011> to {223}<110> orientation group at least in a sheet thickness central portion that is in a sheet thickness range of ? to ? from a steel sheet surface of 1.0 to 6.0, an X-ray random intensity ratio of a {332}<113> crystal orientation of 1.0 to 5.0, rC which is an r value in a direction perpendicular to a rolling direction of 0.70 to 1.10, and r30 which is an r value in a direction that forms an angle of 30° with respect to the rolling direction of 0.70 to 1.10.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to solve a problem in filling of a blind via or a through-hole with a conventionally used plating solution for tin or tin alloy plating where the filling itself cannot be achieved well, or even if the filling itself could be achieved, it takes an extremely long time. The electroplating solution for tin or tin alloy capable of solving the problem includes the following components (a) and (b): (a) a carboxyl group-containing compound, and (b) a carbonyl group-containing compound, a content of the component (a) being 1.3 g/L or more, and a content of the component (b) being 0.3 g/L or more.

Abstract: A method for electrodepositing a coating/free-standing layer on a workpiece in an electrolytic cell includes moving the workpiece and an anode applicator tool having a consumable anode insert relative to each other; anodically dissolving a metal from the insert and cathodically depositing the metal on the workpiece; providing flow of electrolyte solution through the insert to ensure that greater than 90% of the anodic reaction is represented by dissolution of the metal; recirculating collected electrolyte solution exiting the electrolytic cell through the insert; applying an electric current to the electrolytic cell; maintaining a concentration of the anodically dissolved metal within ±25% of each Ampere-hour per liter of electroplating solution; and creating a cathodic electrodeposit on the workpiece which includes the anodically dissolved metal, the chemical composition of the deposit varying by less than 25% in the deposition direction over a selected thickness of up to 25 microns of the deposit.

Abstract: Providing a holding device which can hold a plurality of types of workpieces and can reliably prevent a liquid in a liquid tank from leaking. The holding device includes a holding member configured to hold an article (workpiece) to be plated in a holding chamber The article is disposed over a liquid tank in which a plating solution (liquid) flows and the holding chamber communicating with the liquid tank. The holding member has a plurality of abutting parts which closely abut against portions of an outer periphery of the article at a same level thereby to hold the article therebetween. The abutting parts are formed of a sponge sheet (elastic body) with chemical resistance. The holding device includes a pressurizing unit configured to supply air into the holding chamber to pressurize an atmosphere in the holding chamber while the article is held by the holding member.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an aperture plate includes depositing a releasable seed layer above a substrate, applying a first patterned photolithography mask above the releasable seed layer, the first patterned photolithography mask having a negative pattern to a desired aperture pattern, electroplating a first material above the exposed portions of the releasable seed layer and defined by the first mask, applying a second photolithography mask above the first material, the second photolithography mask having a negative pattern to a first cavity, electroplating a second material above the exposed portions of the first material and defined by the second mask, removing both masks, and etching the releasable seed layer to release the first material and the second material. The first and second material form an aperture plate for use in aerosolizing a liquid. Other aperture plates and methods of producing aperture plates are described.

Abstract: A forming method of a thermal insulation film, including: a first step of forming an anode oxidation coating film on an aluminum-based wall surface, the anode oxidation coating film including micro-pores each having a diameter of micrometer-scale and nano-pores each having a diameter of nanometer-scale; a second step of abrading a surface of the anode oxidation coating film with abrasive powders and bringing the abrasive powders into the micro-pores located at the formed abraded surface; and a third step of forming a protection film on the abraded surface to produce a thermal insulation film including the anode oxidation coating film and the protection film.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for delaminating workpieces are provided. In one or more aspects, a method can include processing or otherwise delaminating the workpiece by separating a delamination stack and a support substrate disposed thereon. The workpiece that can include a sacrificial layer disposed between the delamination stack and the support substrate. The method can include exposing at least a portion of the workpiece to an electrolyte solution, applying an electrical current through the sacrificial layer and the electrolyte solution, selectively removing the electrically conductive or semiconductive material from the sacrificial layer during an etching process, and separating the delamination stack and the support substrate one from the other. The delamination stack can include a process piece that can be one or more wafers or devices (e.g., thin-film devices) or one or more portions of the one or more wafers or devices.

Abstract: A silicon wafer heat treatment method includes: placing a silicon wafer on a SiC jig and into a heat treatment furnace; performing heat treatment on the silicon wafer in the heat treatment furnace in a first non-oxidizing atmosphere; reducing the temperature; and carrying the silicon wafer out of the heat treatment furnace. In the heat reduction step, after the temperature is reduced to the temperature at which the silicon wafer can be carried out of the heat treatment furnace, the first non-oxidizing atmosphere is switched to an atmosphere containing oxygen, an oxide film having a thickness of 1 to 10 nm is formed on the surface of the SiC jig in the atmosphere containing oxygen, and the atmosphere containing oxygen is then switched to a second non-oxidizing atmosphere. A silicon wafer heat treatment method can prevent carbon contamination from a jig and an environment during a heat treatment process.

Abstract: A solution deposition method including: applying a liquid precursor solution to a substrate, the precursor solution including an oxide of a first metal, a hydroxide of the first metal, or a combination thereof, dissolved in an aqueous ammonia solution; evaporating the precursor solution to directly form a solid seed layer on the substrate, the seed layer including an oxide of the first metal, a hydroxide of the first metal, or a combination thereof, the seed layer being substantially free of organic compounds; and growing a bulk layer on the substrate, using the seed layer as a growth site or a nucleation site.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a semi-insulating wafer of GaxAlyIn1-x-yN (0?x?1, 0?x+y?1) which is doped with bismuth (Bi). The semi-insulating wafer has the resistivity of 104 ohm-cm or more. Although it is very difficult to obtain a single crystal ingot of group III nitride, the ammonothermal method can grow highly-oriented poly or single crystal ingot of group III nitride having the density of dislocations/grain boundaries less than 105 cm?2. The invention also disclose the method of fabricating the semi-insulating group III nitride bulk crystals and wafers.

Abstract: A crystal growth furnace comprising a crucible containing at least feedstock material and a liquid-cooled heat exchanger that is vertically movable beneath the crucible to extract heat from it to promote the growth of a crystalline ingot is disclosed. The liquid-cooled heat exchanger comprises a heat extraction bulb made of high thermal conductivity material that is vertically movable into thermal communication with the crucible to extract heat from the crucible using a liquid coolant. A liquid-cooled heat exchanger enclosed in a sealed tubular outer jacket is also disclosed as is a method for producing a crystalline ingot using a vertically movable liquid-cooled heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method of Czochralski growth of a silicon ingot includes melting a mixture of silicon material and an n-type dopant material in a crucible. The silicon ingot is extracted from the molten silicon during an extraction time period. The silicon ingot is doped with additional n-type dopant material during at least one sub-period of the extraction time period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a barium tetraborate compound and a barium tetraborate non-linear optical crystal, and a preparation method and use thereof, wherein the chemical formulae of the barium tetraborate compound and the non-linear optical crystal thereof are both BaB4O7, with a molecular weight of 292.58; the barium tetraborate non-linear optical crystal has a non-centrosymmetric structure, which belongs to a hexagonal system, and has a space group P65 and lattice parameters of a=6.7233(6) ?, c=18.776(4) ?, V=735.01(17) ?3, and Z=6, wherein the powder frequency-doubled effect thereof is two times that of KDP (KH2PO4), and the ultraviolet cut-off edge is lower than 170 nm.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally relate to apparatuses for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. In one embodiment, a heating lamp assembly for a vapor deposition reactor system is provided which includes a lamp housing disposed on an upper surface of a support base and containing a first lamp holder and a second lamp holder and a plurality of lamps extending from the first lamp holder to the second lamp holder. The plurality of lamps may have split filament lamps and/or non-split filament lamps, and in some examples, split and non-split filament may be alternately disposed between the first and second lamp holders. A reflector may be disposed on the upper surface of the support base between the first and second lamp holders. The reflector may contain gold or a gold alloy.

Abstract: In a method of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of a polycrystalline diamond film in a CVD reactor, a gas mixture of gaseous hydrogen and a gaseous hydrocarbon is introduced into the CVD reactor. A plasma formed from the gas mixture is maintained above a surface of a conductive substrate disposed in the CVD reactor and causes a polycrystalline diamond film to grow on the surface of the conductive substrate. A temperature T at the center of the polycrystalline diamond film is controlled during growth of the polycrystalline diamond film. The CVD grown polycrystalline diamond film includes diamond crystallites that can have a percentage of orientation along a [110] diamond lattice direction ?70% of the total number of diamond crystallites forming the polycrystalline diamond film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing N-type semiconductor element for cooling or heating device, the N-type semiconductor element is made of tellurium, bismuth and selenium material, firstly, smashing and grinding the tellurium, bismuth and selenium material to be 2000 meshes or more; and then, according to the proportion of each material in parts by weight, proportioning the materials to obtain a mixture, the proportion thereof is: 40 to 44 parts of tellurium, 53 to 57 parts of bismuth and 28 to 32 parts of selenium. During operation, the temperature difference between the two ends thereof is larger, and through a test, the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end reaches about 73° C. to 78° C. Therefore, the N-type semiconductor element has the advantages of high operation efficiency and lower energy consumption. The N-type semiconductor element is particularly suitable for manufacturing a semiconductor cooling or heating device.

Abstract: A continuous distillation-type trichlorosilane vaporization supply apparatus includes an evaporator including an introduction port for hydrogen gas as a carrier gas and having a heater that vaporizes liquid trichlorosilane; and a condenser including a cooling device to condense liquid at a temperature corresponding to a saturated vapor pressure, which is lower than a vapor pressure of the vaporized trichlorosilane gas, wherein a center line of the evaporator and a center line of the condenser are not on the same line, and a lower end of the condenser has a structure that communicates with a lower end of the evaporator through a pipe.

Abstract: An equipment of manufacturing a bundle of electrospun yarn has a vortex containing device and a bundles collecting device. The vortex containing device has a feeding end, an exporting end and a vortex generator. The vortex generator is mounted in and communicates with the vortex containing device to form a fluid vortex in the vortex containing device to provide a guiding force. The guiding force draws an electrospun fiber into the feeding end of the vortex containing device. The electrospun fiber is wound to form a bundle of electrospun yarn by the fluid vortex. The bundles collecting device is rotated to collect the bundle of electrospun yarn.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacturing gelatin fibers comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a two-phase composition as defined in the claims, (b) spinning the lower phase of said composition, (c) stretching the obtained fiber and (d) optional finishing steps; to new gelatin fibers and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Processes for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (“UHMW PE”) filaments and multi-filament yarns, and the yarns and articles produced therefrom. Each process produces UHMW PE yarns having tenacities of 45 g/denier to 60 g/denier or more at commercially viable throughput rates.

Abstract: A polyolefin fiber that is formed by a thermoplastic composition containing a continuous phase that includes a polyolefin matrix polymer and nanoinclusion additive is provided. The nanoinclusion additive is dispersed within the continuous phase as discrete nano-scale phase domains. When drawn, the nano-scale phase domains are able to interact with the matrix in a unique manner to create a network of nanopores.

Abstract: A carbonization method of carbonizing precursor fibers that are being conveyed includes carbonization performed using a plurality of carbonization furnaces for heating fibers arranged in the direction in which the fibers are conveyed. The plurality of carbonization furnaces include at least one carbonization furnace that heats the fibers using plasma when the fibers are passing through the inside of the at least one carbonization furnace. A carbon fiber production method includes a carbonization process of carbonizing precursor fibers that are being conveyed. The carbonization process is performed with the above carbonization method.

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to an oven for heating fibers. The oven comprises a supply structure disposed within the oven between first and second ends of the oven. The supply structure comprises a plurality of plenums stacked one above each other with gaps therebetween. The plenums are in fluid communication with a heating system. At least one plenum comprises at least one side wall comprising a plurality of passages formed therein, said at least one plenum configured to direct at least a portion of the heated gas into an interior of the oven from the plurality of passages. Each of the plurality of passages formed in said at least one plenum has a respective tapered cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: Woven fabrics are formed from high tenacity fibers or tapes that are loosely interwoven with adhesive coated filaments, to composite articles formed therefrom, and to a continuous process for forming the composite articles.

Abstract: A device (1) for feeding thread to the needles (N) of a knitting machine, the device comprising a body (2) destined to be associated to a needle-bearing organ of the knitting machine, and provided with at least a housing seating (3) configured such as to movably house the thread guide means (4) in the body. The device is provided with thread guide means (4), movably housed in the housing seating (3) and comprising a first lever (5), a thread guide (6) and a second lever (10). The first lever is rotatably mounted to the body (2) such as to be able to rotate about a first rotation axis (X); the thread guide is rotatably mounted to the first lever (5) so as to be able to rotate, with respect to the first lever, about a second rotation axis (Y).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for injecting a functional solution for fabric and a method for manufacturing fabric using same. The system includes: a first supply portion; a second supply portion provided with a distributing device; an injection portion provided with a needle; a drying portion provided with a hot air blower or a blower; and a collection portion provided with a collecting roll. An injection method is provided in which the needle on the injection portion, installed so as to be moved reciprocally, is directly inserted into the fabric to inject the functional solution, so that the functional solution is absorbed from the outer surface to the inside of the fabric.

Abstract: Knitting spirality stabilizer constituted of the main frame and the internal mechanism (removable capsule). The main body of the machine is constituted of the frame (1) in which is placed a circle pattern constituted of two rings, one constant (2) and one removable (3). Circumferentially and symmetrically of the movable ring (3) has been placed a layout that regulates the operation diameter according to the fabric. It is constituted of independent rests (4), which can be height regulated (5) and can be stabilized in the desirable location by using pins (6). Lengthwise of the vertical surface of rests, magnets have been placed (7), which have been covered with Teflon. There are turn wheels on the rests (10) with coating made from soft material so that is performed smooth fabric rolling without wears. Inside the frame it is found the internal mechanism (9) that is constituted of foldable frame (11) and pins (6) for the initial placement.

Abstract: According to a tub for a washing machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a bottom portion, an outer side wall portion, an inner side wall portion, a water flow passage side wall are integrally formed by injection molding so as to form a water flow passage. An apparatus and a method of manufacturing the tub for a washing machine according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure allow the bottom portion, the outer side wall portion, the inner side wall portion, and the water flow passage side wall to be integrally formed by injection molding.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving a washing machine in which a washing tub and a pulsator are driven separately to thereby form a variety of washing water flows includes: an outer shaft whose one end is connected to a washing tub; an inner shaft whose one end is connected to a pulsator; a planetary gear set that decelerates a rotational speed that is transferred via the inner shaft; first and second bearings that rotatably support the planetary gear set in two-way directions; and a washing machine motor for applying a rotational force to each of the outer shaft and the inner shaft. The washing machine motor includes: an outer rotor; an inner rotor; and a double stator that rotatably drives the outer rotor and the inner rotor independently, in which the output of the pulsator is accelerated or decelerated depending on the direction of rotation of the outer rotor.

Abstract: A washing machine of the present invention comprises a casing; a tub disposed inside the casing; a drum rotatably provided inside the tub, for accommodating laundry therein; and a gasket interposed between the casing and the tub, for preventing water in the tub from leaking between the tub and the casing. Wherein the gasket comprises a plurality of gasket nozzles for spraying water into the drum; and a plurality of connectors for supplying water to the respective gasket nozzles. Wherein the gasket nozzle comprises a spray guidance surface for refracting the an advancing direction of the water supplied through the connector so as to spray the water toward inside of the drum; and a plurality of protrusions provided adjacent to an finish end of the spray guidance surface on which the water guided along the spray guidance surface is separated, and arranged along an width direction of the spray guidance surface.

Abstract: A washing machine for washing laundry is disclosed herein and includes a washing tub which has a water inlet port through which washing water flows into the washing tub, a filter guide unit which is installed to cover the water inlet port and has a filter mounting portion comprising a set of grooves, a filter unit which is mounted on the filter mounting portion and has a first set of ribs and a set of second ribs which are provided at the lateral sides of the filter unit, and the set of grooves which is provided in the filter mounting portion and allows the set of second ribs to be fastened thereto. A washing method using the washing machine is also disclosed. Foreign substances such as dust or lint are removed from the washing water using the filter unit and foreign substances are prevented from attaching to the laundry.

Abstract: A heating system for a machine includes a tungsten halogen light bulb, a socket, a heat sink, and a reflector. The tungsten halogen light bulb is configured to emit light when connected to an electric power source. The socket is selectively electrically connected to the electric power source. The tungsten halogen light bulb is removeably connected to the socket. The reflector includes a reflecting surface, and is fixedly mounted in relation to the heat sink, such that the reflecting surface reflects at least a portion of the light onto the heat sink.

Abstract: A clothes dryer apparatus (99) comprising an electrically conductive, grounded, generally cylindrical rotatable drum (13) having a hollow interior adapted to contain a load (15) of wet clothes to be dried. The drum's (13) exterior surface (27) is partially indented to form one or more integral, generally ring-shaped insulated notches (10). An electrically conductive, generally flat arcuate anode (11) is positioned within each notch (10), with no physical contact between an anode (11) and its corresponding notch (10). Each anode (11) is spatially fixed with respect to the rotatable drum (13), and is electrically isolated from conductive portions of the drum (13). A source (21) of RF power (12), operating at a single fixed frequency, is coupled to each anode (11).

Abstract: A composition includes a carbon nanotube (CNT)-infused carbon fiber material that includes a carbon fiber material of spoolable dimensions and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) infused to the carbon fiber material. The infused CNTs are uniform in length and uniform in distribution. The CNT infused carbon fiber material also includes a barrier coating conformally disposed about the carbon fiber material, while the CNTs are substantially free of the barrier coating. A continuous CNT infusion process includes: (a) functionalizing a carbon fiber material; (b) disposing a barrier coating on the functionalized carbon fiber material (c) disposing a carbon nanotube (CNT)-forming catalyst on the functionalized carbon fiber material; and (d) synthesizing carbon nanotubes, thereby forming a carbon nanotube-infused carbon fiber material.

Abstract: Freshening compositions comprising a malodor binding polymer, a malodor counteractant comprising at least one aliphatic aldehyde, and an aqueous carrier, wherein the composition is essentially free of any material that would soil or stain fabric; and methods thereof are provided. In some embodiments, the malodor binding polymer comprises a homopolymeric polyethylenimine having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 2,000,000. Such freshening compositions may be used to reduce malodor and/or microbes on inanimate surfaces or in the air.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a liquid and fumed silica may be applied to fabric and other textile materials as a sealant, e.g., to protect against damage or deterioration. The composition may comprise liquid droplets at least partially or completely surrounded by fumed silica. The liquid may comprise water and one or more polymers, such as a fluorocopolymer and a functionalized anionic polymer.

Abstract: A fabric has a coating which comprises an elastomeric, heat curable silicone rubber composition containing a porous inorganic filler. The filler is at sufficiently high loading to produce a percolated porous structure, the percolated porous structure being permeable to water vapour.

Abstract: Textile fabrics for use in air bags and side curtains having at least one coating layer of polyvinyl chloride thereon, which may be a flat sheet, such as used in driver side air bags, or a multi-layered woven textile having preconfigured air-holding cavities therein for use in side curtains such as are installed in sport utility vehicles. Coating layers of elastomeric polyurethane may be applied to the textile fabric in addition to the coating layer of polyvinyl chloride. The textile fabrics may be coated on one side only, and may be coated on both sides (on opposed first and second surfaces). The polyvinyl chloride coatings, whether alone or in combination with other polymeric coatings, provide air bags or side curtains with superior air-holding characteristics. Means for adjusting the coefficient of friction of the air bag outer surface is also disclosed as an embodiment that includes a calendered coated textile fabric.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing an artificial leather in one embodiment includes adhering a substrate onto a release cloth; flocking the substrate to form fur thereon; applying a synthetic resin to the substrate and drying same to form a half-finished artificial leather; foaming the half-finished artificial leather to fill interstices of the fur with the synthetic resin; sanding the half-finished artificial leather to remove excessive synthetic resin from the half-finished artificial leather; coloring the half-finished artificial leather to form a velvet-like surface; and removing the release cloth from the half-finished artificial leather to produce a finished artificial leather.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a steel cord for rubber reinforcement. In the steel cord of the present invention, cobalt is contained by 0.001 ppm to 0.1 ppm within a 4 nm top-surface of the brass-plated steel wire. A method of manufacturing the steel cord includes: providing a brass-plated steel wire; mixing a cobalt compound in a wet lubricant filled in a wet drawing bath provided with a plurality of drawing dies between one pair of multi-stage drawing cones such that the concentration of the cobalt compound becomes 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm; and causing the cobalt to be contained by 0.001 ppm to 0.1 ppm within a 4 nm top-surface of the brass-plated steel wire after the brass-plated steel wire passes through a final die by causing the cobalt to be attached to a surface of the brass-plated steel wire and alloyed with a brass layer while the brass-plated steel wire is passing through the drawing cones and the drawing dies to be subjected to multi-stage drawing.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for treating chemical paper pulp comprising a step of treating the pulp with ozone followed by a step of alkaline extraction, in which alkaline extraction takes place in the presence of magnesium ions (Mg2+).

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for the treatment of spent pulping liquor for the removal and production of organic substances rich in lignin and recovering or recycling of aqueous cooking chemicals to pulp mill chemicals recovery cycle, said method comprising passing a spent pulping liquor flow from a digester or an evaporator, DF or from any other step in between the digester and the evaporator, through a filtration step in which the flow is separated into one aqueous stream comprising cooking chemicals being recovered or recycled and one stream concentrated with the respect of organic substances; passing the stream concentrated with respect of organic substances either to a lignin depolymerisation step for the production of liquid and pumpable depolymerised lignin or passing the stream concentrated with respect to organic substances to a subsequent filtration step in which an aqueous solution is added and further treatments in order to produce a solid lignin containing product.

Abstract: The method is for producing pulp. More particularly, a displacement batch cooking process comprises recovery of a first treatment liquid by draining of the digester, preferably not using a displacement liquid. The method may preferably be used in a prehydrolysis step, wherein the recovery of the by-products is improved. In the recovery step, after the target P-factor in the prehydrolysis stage is reached, the hydrolysate is withdrawn by draining in at least one phase obtaining a strong first liquid and thereafter any residual hydrolysate may be displaced.

Abstract: A method for operably adjusting a forming board lead blade of a paper sheet forming machine of the type having a headbox for impinging a jet of slurry from a slice opening of the headbox onto the surface of a porous wire moving continuously in a horizontal machine direction over the forming board.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shoe press belt which exhibits improvement in mechanical characteristics such as crack resistance, wear resistance, delamination resistance and bending fatigue resistance, particularly in the surface wear resistance of the shoe press belt and the crack resistance of the bottom regions of water receiving parts. A shoe press belt which is produced by integrating a reinforcing substrate with a polyurethane layer including at least a felt-side layer and in which water-receiving parts are formed in the felt-side layer, wherein the polyurethane equivalent value of the second resin layer including the bottom regions of the water-receiving parts is adjusted so as to be larger than that of the first resin layer including a surface which is to be brought into contact with a felt.

Abstract: A roll for use in a machine for producing and/or further processing a fibrous web, such as a paper, paperboard, or tissue web, includes a roll cover having at least some sections or regions formed of a metal material and a coating formed on the roll cover. The coating is formed of a metal, ceramic and/or cermet material, or at least some sections or regions of the coating include one of those materials. An alloy region is situated between the roll cover and the coating.

Abstract: The present invention was accomplished in order to provide a method for producing a sheet containing fine fibers, which enables production of a sheet containing fine fibers without producing wrinkles. The present invention provides a method for producing a sheet containing fine fibers comprising a coating step of coating a dispersion containing fine fibers having a fiber diameter of 1000 nm or smaller on a base material, and a drying step of drying the dispersion containing fine fibers coated on the base material to form a sheet containing fine fibers.

Abstract: A large-cylinder drying roller is provided with a divided hollow shaft for reasons of production. The divided hollow shaft has hollow-shaft parts which are capable of being inserted at both sides into a construction composed of a cylinder shell and caps connected thereto by a weld seam, and are capable of being thereafter connected to one another and to the caps.

Abstract: A textured mask comprising a film. The film can have a first substantially continuously flat surface lying in a first plane and a second surface opposite the first surface lying in a second plane substantially parallel to the first plane. The second surface is interrupted by a plurality of cavities, each of the cavities having a first depth defined by a third surface lying in a third plane substantially parallel to the first and second planes. The depth of the cavities can be at a distance of from about 0.1 mm to about 5 mm from the second plane. The textured mask is at least partially coated with an opaque masking agent. The textured mask can make a correspondingly structured three-dimensional papermaking belt, which can make correspondingly structured three-dimensional fibrous structure.