Abstract: A pyrotechnic charge for a pyrotechnic gas generator includes a plurality of blocks made of pyrotechnic material stacked in layers, each block being defined by two main faces that are substantially orthogonal to the stacking direction. In this pyrotechnic charge, each layer of the stack includes at least two distinct blocks of pyrotechnic material, each forming an angular sector of a ring or of a disk, the blocks being assembled together to form a ring and/or a disk.

Abstract: An apparatus, comprising: a substrate configured into a casing, a propellant configured between a projectile positioned/configured within the casing and an end of the casing, the propellant configured to expand upon a firing event and project the projectile from the casing; and a coating comprising a conformal coating layer having a particulate boron nitride dispersed therein, wherein the coating is configured to cover at least one of the inner sidewall and the outer sidewall, such that at least one side of the substrate is covered by the coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a variety of pellets for using in the sport Airsoft and for military training, said pellets being novel in that they have a more aerodynamic design based on a surface that reduces the air friction and allows a longer range. Said pellets are characterized in that they have a surface forming different geometric figures such as a hexagon, pentagon, triangle, circle or square, that create a turbulent flow in the surrounding air layers, thereby obtaining a longer range and improved shooting precision.

Abstract: The invention relates to a training projectile (1) for short-range use, in particular less than 100 meters, comprising a front region (2), which extends along a central axis (M) and which comprises a projectile tip (3), and comprising a tail region (4), which adjoins the front region (2) in the direction of the central axis (M) and which comprises a projectile end (5). The tail region (4) is designed for receiving the projectile (1) in a cartridge case (6). The projectile (1) comprises a projectile core (7) made of metal and a jacket (8) which surrounds the projectile core (7), determines the outer shape of the projectile (1), and is made of plastics.

Abstract: A biological active bullet able to be discharged from a firearm, the ammunition essentially comprising a bullet in a cartridge, the bullet including, and distinguished by the use of, at least one potentially reactive chemical substance delivered to a target and undergoing at least one violent exothermic chemical reaction with a bodily fluid of said target, and having at least one biological effect in the target upon impact and penetration, while causing tissue damage in addition to the bullet wound, and thus, having additional functions and applications than prior art bullets, along with methods of use, that ensure enhanced damage and lethality.

Abstract: A projectile (14) for an ammunition round (10) for use with a small arms or light firearm comprises an elongated projectile body (16). The projectile body (16) has first and second axially opposed ends (18, 20) respectively and a cavity (20) extending there between. The cavity is able to hold a quantity of propellant (24). A plurality of seals (26) extend about an outer surface of the body (16). The seals (26) protrude radially from the body (16) and operate to form a substantial seal against an inner circumferential surface of a barrel (12) of the firearm. Two of the seals (26b and 26c) are mutually adjacent and spaced apart in a direction of a longitudinal axis of the body to form a seal bound outer surface portion (36) of the body (16). One or more holes (38) are formed in the body (16) enabling fluid communication between the cavity (22) and the seal bound outer surface portion (36) of the body (16).

Abstract: A multi-step separator for a fuze is configured to be mated to an explosive device in a military munition, either at a production facility during manufacture of the munition or during use in the field. The fuze includes a detonator with a booster or spit-back element for initiating an energetic sequence resulting in a high-order detonation of the explosive device. The multi-step separator includes: (a) a fuze-munition interface device for retaining the fuze in a confined, close relationship with the explosive device and for releasing the fuze when and if it is subjected to an external stimulus that may cause it to detonate the explosive device; and (b) a separating device for physically distancing the fuze from the explosive device when and if the fuze is released.

Abstract: A munition has a fuze that is mounted nonparallel to the axis of the munition, for example having a largest extent that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the munition. Shocks from the fuze are transferred through a shock transfer device that is in contact with the fuze, to an initiation device that is also in contact with the shock transfer device. Shocks passing through the shock transfer device to the initiation coupler pass through a relatively narrow neck of the shock transfer device. In the shock transfer device the shock is concentrated and located precisely at the neck, before spreading out again and being transferred to the initiation device. In the initiation device the shock may detonate a high explosive material, which in turn is used to detonate a main explosive of the munition, such as a warhead.

Abstract: An explosive matrix assembly of the present disclosure has a single detonating cord formed into a grid, and the grid has a first plurality of detonating cord portions lying in a first plane and a second plurality of detonating cord portions lying in a second plane and the first plurality of detonating cord portions perpendicularly overlay the second plurality of detonating portions, wherein the overlay creates a plurality of crossings between the first plurality of detonating cord portions and the second plurality of detonating cord portions. Additionally, the explosive matrix assembly has one or more point explosives coupled to the crossings for initiation of an explosion.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an articulated arm coordinate measurement machine can include a plurality of transfer members and a plurality of articulation members connecting the plurality of transfer members to each other to measure an angle between the transfer members. The machine can additionally include at least one coordinate acquisition member positioned at an end of the articulated arm. Further, the machine can include a harness connected to at least one of the group consisting of the transfer members and the articulation members to support at least a portion of the weight of the transfer members and the articulation members. The harness can also be configured to mount to a human.

Abstract: A form measuring machine includes: a scanning probe including a stylus with a tip ball and a probe body attached with the stylus; a movable slider supporting the scanning probe; a scale detecting a slider displacement of the slider; a tip ball displacement detector detecting a tip ball displacement of the tip ball; and an arithmetic unit calculating a measurement value based on the slider displacement, the tip ball displacement and a correction filter and comprising a correction filter setting section that: calculates a correction matrix diagonal component from the slider displacement and the tip ball displacement detected by calibration of the scanning probe; and calculates a correction factor of the correction filter from the correction matrix diagonal component to set the correction filter.

Abstract: An adjustable radius gauge for measuring and or checking the radius of parts previously made or while forming radii in the process of being formed, as experienced in the bending in a press brake or rolls, dishing presses, spinning, bulging or shrinking machines or by hand or by whatever process of bending or contouring may be used. Also as a layout tool to layout materials in any trade requiring radius layout and required marking.

Abstract: Provided is an optical measurement system. The optical measurement system includes: an optical module which includes an optical system and which is configured to illuminate a sample and register a defocused image of a nanostructured surface of the sample, an optical system parameter control module configured to set optical parameters of the optical system, an optical transfer function (OTF) measurement module configured to measure an OTF, a defocused image calculation module configured to calculate the defocused image based on the measured OTF and the optical parameters, and a critical dimension (CD) evaluation module configured to compare the registered defocused image with the calculated defocused image of the nanostructured surface of the sample and to output a CD value of the nanostructured surface.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shape measuring device and method, wherein the separation of light from one distance sensor increases measurement precision without increasing the size of the device. The present invention provides “a shape measuring device comprising: a distance sensor that radiates a laser toward a measurement target and detects the reflected light so as to calculate the distance to a measurement point; a separation unit that separates the light from the distance sensor into a plurality of light rays; a rotation unit that rotates the distance sensor and the measurement target relative to each other; and a data processing unit that integrates measurement results obtained from the distance sensor for the distances to a plurality of measurement points.

Abstract: A non-contact surface-shape measuring method uses a white light interferometer optical head that divides, through a beam splitter, light emitted from a white light source into reference light for a reference mirror and measurement light for a measured object surface; obtains an image having interference fringes generated from an optical path difference of light reflecting from the reference mirror and light reflecting from the measured object surface; and is displaced for scanning in a vertical direction with respect to the measured object surface in order to obtain the image having interference fringes. While the white light interferometer optical head is displaced in a scanning direction, a position of the optical head in the scanning direction is detected, and the image having interference fringes is obtained at predetermined spatial intervals in the scanning direction.

Abstract: The device according to the invention consists of associating a laser inspection head including a source emitting a laser beam swept along a defined axis and a handling robot seeing to the movement and spatial orientation of parts whose structure requires inspection. The inspection head and the handling robot are configured and arranged across from one another such that the inspection head occupying a stationary position, the handling robot can move the part to be inspected across from the inspection head, such that the sweep of the laser beam combined with the movement of the part in a direction perpendicular to the sweeping direction makes it possible to inspect the entire surface of the part. In one particular configuration, the handling robot makes it possible to vary the orientation of the part relative to the direction of the laser beam so as to have optimal lighting of the part.

Abstract: A device calibrates a coordinate-measuring device. The device contains at least one calibrating element and the calibrating element has a plurality of surface sections. The surface sections that butt against each other form an edge. The device further contains at least one retaining device and the calibrating element is arranged on a surface section of the retaining device. The surface sections of the calibrating element are arranged in relation to each other in such a manner that the calibration element has at least one edge that does not overlap any other edge of the calibrating element when the edges are projected into a common projection plane. The projection plane is oriented orthogonally to a normal vector of the surface section of the retaining device.

Abstract: A measurement value correction method according to the present invention is a measurement value correction method for correcting a measurement value obtained by tracing a surface of a work piece with a stylus, and including a step of preparing a plurality of work pieces made from same design data, a step of adopting one of the work pieces as a master work piece and obtaining a reference measurement value with the stylus, a step of obtaining calibration data based on a difference between the reference measurement value and the design data, a step of adopting one of the plurality of work pieces other than the master work piece as a measurement target work piece and obtaining a target measurement value with the stylus, and a step of obtaining a corrected measurement value by correcting the target measurement value by using the calibration data.

Abstract: A device for measuring an inclination of a green in a golf course. The device includes: a rotation member (200) having a weight member (210) provided eccentrically relative to a central axis of the rotation member such that the rotation member (200) freely rotates around a rotation shaft (220), the rotation member (200) having horizontal and vertical measurement lines; a first casing (110) having an accommodation space (112); and a second casing (120) fitted over the first casing (110), the second casing (120) having first rotation graduations, a horizontal judge line (h) and a vertical judge line (v), wherein the rotation member (200) comes into close contact with both the first casing (110) and the second casing (120), and then is stopped by a pressure generated between the first and second casings or by simultaneously pressing both a flange (224) of the rotation shaft and the first casing (110).

Abstract: The invention provides a tilt detecting system comprising, a surveying instrument having a distance measuring function and a line laser projecting unit installed as horizontally rotatable for projecting a vertical line laser, and a photodetection device having at least two photodetection units provided at a known interval, a target with a retro-reflectivity and an arithmetic unit, wherein the line laser projecting unit is rotated, each of the photodetection units are made to scan the line laser and the arithmetic unit detects a tilting angle of the photodetection device based on a deviation between a photodetection time moment of each photodetection unit and the distance measurement result of the target of the surveying instrument.

Abstract: In certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention, rather than having two or more electrodes connected to separate bond pads for making electrical connections to separate electrical circuits to perform various electrode functions (e.g., a drive electrode for performing a drive function and a sense electrode for performing a sense function as in FIG. 1), a common electrode that can perform multiple electrode functions is electrically connected to a single bond pad, with the two electrical circuits connected to the single bond pad. The two electrical circuits are then time-multiplexed so that the electrode can be used for both electrode functions. Among other things, such an arrangement reduces the number of bond pads and therefore allows for reduction of the size of the MEMS die.

Abstract: A MEMS structure includes a generating diaphragm, one or more wave channels, and one or more sensing diaphragm. A method for inertial sensing comprises driving the generating diaphragm to generate an acoustic wave, passing the acoustic wave through a channel in the MEMS structure to the sensing diaphragm, and measuring a relative phase of the wave at the sensing diaphragm to determine acceleration or rotation of the MEMS structure.

Abstract: Described herein is a device for detecting the attitude of motor vehicles, which comprises using at least one filter of a complementary type for computing an estimate ({circumflex over (x)}i) of angles of attitude (?, ?, ?) of the motor vehicle as a function of input signals comprising an acceleration signal (A) and an angular-velocity signal (?). According to the invention, the device (10) comprises a plurality of complementary filters (121, . . . , 12n), each tuned for operating in a specific dynamic range, and a supervisor unit (11), configured for recognising the dynamic range of the input signals (A, ?) and selecting a corresponding filter (12i) from said plurality of complementary filters (121, . . . , 12n).

Abstract: An acceleration-based mobile asset data recorder and transmitter equipped with a wireless processing unit, an event recorder, a digital video recorder, a fuel level sensor, and an inertial navigation sensor board. The inertial navigation sensor board includes a 3-axis gyroscope, a 3-axis accelerometer, a 3-axis magnetometer, and a microcontroller. The data recorder and transmitter allows for automatic orientation, automatic compass calibration, fuel compensation with pitch and roll, emergency brake application with impact detection, rough operating condition detection, engine running detection, and inertial navigation of a mobile asset. Users can use the normal operation of their mobile assets to locate and alert, in real-time, areas where their assets are encountering rough operating environments, to provide for quicker emergency response, and to validate the effectiveness of repairs and rerouting.

Abstract: A system and method for classifying a position of a device may include processing one or more respective signal characteristics of one or more signals indicative of device orientation to determine a position of a device relative to a user. In a non-limiting example, various aspects of this disclosure include analyzing, over time, one or more characteristics of a first signal indicative of the alignment of a first device axis with a reference direction and one or more characteristics of a second signal indicative of the alignment of a second device axis with the known direction, and determining the position of the device based at least in part on such analysis. One or more analyzed signals may, for example, correspond to and/or be derived from MEMS sensor signals.

Abstract: Method of determining at least one radius of protection associated with a respective navigation parameter of a hybrid inertial navigation system by Kalman filtering employing introduction of a position bias into the state model of the Kalman filter representing the uncertainty associated with the reference safe position.

Abstract: The present application discloses a personal navigation system for providing route guidance and description information to visually impaired users. The system includes a terminal located near an entrance of an area to be traversed. The terminal stores data related to the physical layout of the area. A plurality of location transmitters are distributed about the area and broadcast a signal. A portable electronic device is configured to receive data from the terminal upon entry and determine the location of the user by processing the broadcasted signal of the transmitters. Route guidance is provided to the user via audible or sensory methods. Information may also be provided to the user describing the surrounding area.

Abstract: Methods and systems for assisting a user at an event and venue are described. A user is guided or navigated to different points of interest at a venue. The points of interest include seat locations or surrounding services and facilities, such as restaurants, shops, and restrooms. Advertisements and promotions associated with surrounding services may be displayed to the user. The user may be notified of the presence of friends and family at the same venue, and be provided with real-time information about the event.

Abstract: A method for inputting position data into a navigation device of a vehicle, includes the steps: —displaying (10) positions on a graphical output unit of a mobile radio terminal device; —marking (12) one of the displayed positions on the output unit by a mark; —displaying (14) a graphical representation of a symbol for a vehicle by the output unit, to which vehicle the mobile radio terminal device makes vehicle-specific communication link data available; —shifting (16) the mark to the symbol of the vehicle or the symbol of the vehicle to the mark on the output unit; and —transmitting (18) position data identifying the marked position to the navigation device of the vehicle.

Abstract: A system for sharing a travel itinerary with a plurality of members of a protective detail tasked with protecting the security of an individual, includes one or more processors, one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices, and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more storage devices for execution by at least one of the one or more processors. The program instructions include first program instructions to receive and storing data representative of an itinerary comprising at least one destination an individual intends to travel to. The program instructions further include second program instructions to identify a landmark based on the received itinerary. The program instructions further include third program instructions to associate the identified landmark with the itinerary. The program instructions further include fourth program instructions to communicate data representative of the itinerary and the associated landmark to members of a security detail.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate generally to a system, a device and a method provide for a modification of direction of travel based on, for example, proximity thresholds and adaptive alerts specifying an action item. In one or more embodiments, a method can include receiving at a device action alert data including data representing a destination at which an action item resides and data representing an event time frame during which the action item is actionable. Also, the method can include determining at a processor data representing a proximity threshold value relative to a detected location data as a function of at least a rate of travel to form a subset of proximity threshold data specifying the proximity threshold value under which generation of an adaptive alert is enabled. The method can facilitate a change in travel from a first path segment to a second path segment to the destination.

Abstract: An itinerary can be scheduled interactively by assisting a user in identifying which destinations or attractions can be visited during a vacation based on a specified location where the user intends to be during the vacation. A database of information about each possible destination or attraction as well as about available transportation between such destinations and attractions can be maintained. This information can identify many different criteria that can be used to determine whether it would be desirable or feasible for the user to visit the destination or attraction based on an intended location of the user. The information can be compiled based on input from locals or other experts that are familiar with the destinations or attractions. Once an itinerary is scheduled, reservation requests can be automatically generated for any destination and/or mode of transportation that was selected for inclusion in the itinerary.

Abstract: The preferred embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods and systems for dynamic route estimation and prediction using discrete sampled location updates from various mobile devices for the purpose of providing a graphical representation of a mobile device's route along a known network path of map data. The embodiments also provide supplemental route metrics, such as traveled distance, elapsed time, etc., and the capability to assign destination points for the purpose of providing the ability to modify location update points in an application, such as a route planner, and/or to store the dynamically generated route based on various preferences for later retrieval.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for social media based weighted route selection are provided in the illustrative embodiments. It is detected that a first route and a second route are possible between two places. A first set of points of interest (POIs) is identified relative to the first route. By accessing a social media source, a set of social information is collected comprising information related to a POI. A subset of the social information is organized into a set of categories related to the POI. Each information in the subset is assigned a corresponding weight to compute a value for each information. A total value of each POI is determined using the computed values. From the first route and the second route, that route as presented as socially preferred route which has a higher total route value.

Abstract: An autonomous driving vehicle, an autonomous driving management apparatus, and a method of controlling the same. The autonomous driving vehicle includes: a wireless communication unit configured to receive position information about the vehicle; a storage unit configured to store an electronic map; an input unit configured to receive a destination; a driving unit configured to adjust a travelling speed and a travelling direction; and a controller configured to search for a path from a point corresponding to the position information to a point corresponding to the destination in the electronic map, and control the vehicle to travel the approved section through the driving unit when receiving an approval of an occupation right for one or more sections included in the path through the wireless communication unit.

Abstract: A map navigation tool provides a start-of-route buffer area in which off-route feedback (e.g., audio or visual warnings or alerts) can be suppressed in some circumstances. For example, a mobile computing device implements a map navigation tool that can output off-route feedback when the user strays from a route, but also can suppress off-route feedback when the user is within a start-of-route buffer area. Off-route feedback can continue to be suppressed until some other event, such as the user leaving the start-of-route buffer area, occurs. Off-route feedback can be suppressed even if the user is not within a start-of-route buffer area, such as when the map navigation tool generates a route when the user is at an initial location that is far away from any part of the route and then joins the route later (e.g., at the start location or downstream from the start location).

Abstract: Systems and techniques for updated routing are described. A device computes a route from an origin to a destination and provides updated navigation information as a user travels along the route. In response to a change in orientation of the device, a display element is presented indicating the orientation of the device, allowing the user to enter an indication to compute an updated routing based on the orientation of the device. In one or more embodiments of the invention, a user may be presented with routing information such as time and distance information based on potential routing computed a detected orientation of an orientation detection device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for displaying a point of interest (POI). According to the present invention, a screen for path guiding and a screen for POI guiding can be simultaneously and separately provided, thereby facilitating the recognition of a POI and increasing the accessibility to a POI while driving.

Abstract: Devices, methods and systems are disclosed herein to describe a range marker for a navigation system. The range marker may delineate a bounded area within a navigation map that a vehicle may travel based on the amount of fuel remaining. As the fuel continues to decrease during operation of the vehicle, the range marker may become smaller and smaller indicating a shrinking range since the fuel remaining decreases, thereby allowing the driver to easily identify which gas stations may be within a range of the vehicle (based on a current vehicle fuel level) and which gas stations might not be within the range of the vehicle.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing information about features of a route. In one implementation, a computer-implemented method includes operations performed by at least one processor. The method includes receiving, from a first device, input by a first user, the input including an observed condition of at least one feature associated with a first route, and determining, based on the input and condition information received from sources other than the first user, a status of the at least one feature associated with the first route. The method further includes receiving, from a second device of a second user, a request for a second route, the second route including a plurality of features including the at least one feature associated with the first route. In addition, the method includes providing, to the second device, information about the second route and the status of the at least one feature.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided that allow steps to be counted in multiple pedometer modes. For example, a pedometer application on an electronic device can count steps in an ambient mode of operation and a session mode of operation. By maintaining separate counters for each pedometer mode and continuously monitoring the desired mode of operation, the pedometer application can accurately count the number of steps during a certain time period. In response to detecting a change in the desired mode, the pedometer application can seamlessly switch to the corresponding mode counter. In some embodiments, the pedometer application can display graphical representations of historical step information for one or more pedometer modes.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with identifying mismappings of electric meters using voltage data are described. In one embodiment, a method includes selecting an electric meter from a plurality of electric meters represented in a connectivity model. The connectivity model is an electronic data structure that specifies information about connections between the plurality of electric meters and transformers in an electric distribution grid. The example method may also include analyzing mismapping metrics that characterize voltage data about the selected electric meter in relation to a set of electric meters that are geographically related to the selected electric meter to determine whether the connectivity model includes a mismapping of the selected electric meter.

Abstract: A sensing head (1) for a transducer for capturing rotation or linear parameters, of a rotatable or linearly movable component, in particular of a shaft (13), includes a housing (2), a first sensor unit (3) and a second sensor unit (5) arranged on the housing (2) and arranged in a circumferential direction (U) of the rotatable component offset in relation to each other. The first sensor unit has a first sensor surface (4) and the second sensor unit has a second sensor surface (6). Each of the sensor units (3, 5) can be rotated about a rotation axis (7, 30) such that the sensor surfaces (4, 6) are pivotable to each other in at least two different angular positions. The rotation axes (7, 30) of the sensor units (3, 5) are located on the sides (34, 36) of the sensor units (3, 5); forming the sensor surfaces (4, 6).

Abstract: A coil section includes a primary coil which is magnetically excitable by an AC signal, and secondary coils which are provided so as to generate an inductive output in response to excitation of the primary coil. A self-oscillation circuit, including an inductance element and a capacitor, has incorporated therein the primary coil as the inductance element for self-oscillation. A target section is provided in such a manner that its relative position to the coil section varies according to a position of a target of detection, and the target section includes a magnetically responsive member disposed so that inductance of the secondary coils is varied according to the relative position. Amplitude levels of the output signals of the secondary coils are extracted, and position data of the position of the target of detection is obtained on the basis of these amplitude levels.

Abstract: A power monitoring system of the present disclosure has a power monitoring device that couples to at least one conductor of a transformer and collect data indicative of power usage corresponding to the at least one conductor. Additionally, the power monitoring system may have a protective cover that may comprise a top plate having an arch-shaped back edge adapted to abut and conform with an outside surface of a transformer, a face plate integral with and extending from the top plate and mirroring the outside surface of the transformer, and a bottom plate integral with and extending from the face plate and having an arch-shaped back edge adapted to reasonably abut and conform with the outside surface of the transformer.

Abstract: An environmental seal is formed around a square sensor disposed beneath a circular button cap within a button assembly. The button assembly includes shelf portions each extending separately into the interior of the assembly from a sidewall of the assembly. Portions of the sidewall are exposed between the shelf portions large enough to permit the four corners of the square sensor to contact the sidewall. The button cap is set above the sensor, resting upon the shelf portions. A first sealant bonds the top faces of the shelf portions to the bottom of the button cap. A second sealant bonds the edges of the sidewall to the corners of the sensor. The second sealant interfaces with the first sealant to form a complete environmental seal.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement for use in process automation, comprising: a sensor comprising at least one sensor element for recording a measured value in process automation, a first interface for transmitting a measured value depending on the measured value to a second interface, and a first mechanical coupling that comprises the interface; a cable for transmitting the measured value depending on the measured value to a superordinate unit comprising a second interface that is complementary to the first interface. A second mechanical coupling that is complementary to the first mechanical coupling, wherein the second interface and the second mechanical coupling are arranged in a cable housing at least in sections, wherein the sensor is connectible to the cable in a detachable way by means of the first mechanical coupling and the second mechanical coupling, particularly by way of a snap connection.

Abstract: A strip lighting device includes a main body having front and rear sides extending along a length of the main body. The front side is disposed towards a viewer of the device and the rear side includes a light scattering layer for scattering light from a source of illumination towards the viewer when the device is illuminated. The main body has a front and rear cladding layer each of which is made of a first light transmissive material. The strip lighting device includes a light pipe made of a second light transmissive material sandwiched between the front and rear cladding layers at interfaces extending along the length of the main body. A rear interface of the light pipe has a plurality of angled portions which allow some light to escape into the rear cladding layer to impinge on the light scattering layer and scatter light towards the viewer.

Abstract: An encoder includes a first multiple rotation counter that generates first multiple rotation data using a rotation signal indicating one rotation of a rotational shaft of a motor, a second multiple rotation counter that generates second multiple rotation data using the rotation signal, a first cumulative-number calculation unit that calculates first accumulated multiple rotation data using an angle signal indicating a rotational angle of the rotational shaft, a second cumulative-number calculation unit that calculates second accumulated multiple rotation data using the angle signal, and a first comparative diagnosis unit that diagnoses whether the encoder has a fault by performing a comparison to determine whether the first multiple rotation data, the second multiple rotation data, the first accumulated multiple rotation data, and the second accumulated multiple rotation data are a same value.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with synchronizing consumption data are described. In one embodiment, a method includes determining when a first consumption data of a first type and a second consumption data of a second type, derived from a same consumption meter, are unsynchronized with each other. The example method also includes synchronizing the first consumption data with the second consumption data when the two types of data are determined to be unsynchronized with each other.